436:
1976:
771:
1352:
1787:, was the characteristic overgarment of the wealthy in the first half of the 15th century. It was essentially a robe with fullness falling from the shoulders in organ-pipe pleats and very full sleeves often reaching to the floor with, in the beginning of the 15th century then at the start of the 16th century, a high collar. The houppelande could be lined in fur, and the hem and sleeves might be dagged or cut into scallops. It was initially often worn belted. The length of the garment shortened from around the ankle to above the knee over this period. The floor-length sleeves were later wrist-length but very full, forming a bag or sack sleeve, or were worn off the arm, hanging ornamentally behind. This style of sleeve appeared towards the 1430s and it is at this time, that in French, the term "houppelande" gets replaced by the word "robe" or gown. A side-less and sleeveless houppelande, called a
1206:
1292:
783:
2214:
2190:
2440:
897:
1964:
2452:
1490:
33:
1502:
2024:
1098:
915:
933:
705:
1520:
81:
2124:
1538:
2036:
1946:
2148:
759:
717:
951:
2500:
1164:
1152:
2512:
1556:
2313:
1934:
1382:
693:
2488:
981:
969:
2349:
404:
1568:
735:
2464:
384:
159:
1994:
631:, a cone or truncated-cone shaped cap with a wire frame covered in fabric and topped by a floating veil. Later hennins featured a turned-back brim, or were worn over a hood with a turned-back brim. Towards the end of the 15th century women's head-dresses became smaller, more convenient, and less picturesque. The gable hood, a stiff and elaborate head-dress, emerged around 1480 and was popular among elder ladies up until the mid-16th century.
1304:
1194:
2160:
1334:
2295:
1466:
1478:
1140:
4220:
2012:
531:, a separate item to fill in a low neckline, appeared in this period, usually of sheer fabric (linen or possibly silk) with an open V-neckline. Some partlets had a collar and a back similar to the upper part of a shirt. Burgundian partlets were usually depicted worn under the dress (but over the kirtle); in Italy the partlet seems to have been worn over the dress and could be pointed or cut straight across at the lower front.
2416:
1922:
1658:
1761:
2337:
2325:
1674:
993:
747:
1316:
1110:
2476:
1086:
2172:
2202:
1370:
2428:
795:
1666:
1122:
480:. This style faded rapidly from fashion in favor of the houppelande, a full robe with a high collar and wide sleeves that had become fashionable around 1380 and remained so to mid-15th century. The later houppelande had sleeves that were snug at the wrist, making a full "bag" sleeve. The bag sleeve was sometimes slashed in the front to allow the lower arm to reach through.
1176:
2136:
2076:
2903:; the motif was also taken up by Ottoman weavers in Bursa and Istanbul on a grand scale during the fifteenth century. Splendid pomegranate textiles had place of pride in Italy's silk cities of Florence, Genoa, and Venice, as well as in Spain's Valencia and Seville. This constitutes another example of the pan-Mediterranean fusion
1607:, a skirt stiffened with reeds set in casings, that would spread to Italy briefly in the 1480s and '90s, and to France and England in the 16th century. The flaring chemise sleeves of striped or embroidered fabric are uniquely Spanish at this time, but the small cap and wrapped braid of hair are common to both Spain and Italy.
865:
1703:) began to be full through the body and sleeves with wide, low necklines; the sleeves were pulled through the slashings or piecing of the doublet sleeves to make puffs, especially at the elbow and the back of the arm. As the cut of doublets revealed more fabric, wealthy men's shirts were often decorated with
491:. Wide turn-backs like revers displayed a contrasting lining, frequently of fur or black velvet, and the sleeves might be cuffed to match. Sleeves were very long, covering half of the hand, and often highly decorated with embroidery. Fine sleeves were often transferred from one dress to another. The term
1714:. From around the mid-15th century very tight-fitting doublets, tailored to be tight at the waist, giving in effect a short skirt below, were fashionable. Sleeves were generally full, even puffy, and when worn with a large chaperon, the look was extremely stylish, but very top-heavy. Very form-fitting
2399:
Children's clothing during the
Italian Renaissance reflected that of their parents. In other words, kids dressed exactly like the adults and looked like miniature versions of them. As babies and toddlers, children were all put in dresses to make the potty training process easier for parents or maids.
274:
Towards the end of the 14th century, Italian silk and velvet manufacturers were applying their advanced weaving skills to achieve ever more complex designs. By the 15th century, they were creating bold and intricate variations on an undulating "pomegranate pattern" (a name applied later, to encompass
335:
nobles and used the scraps to patch their tattered clothes. In reality, images appear of sleeves with a single slashed opening as early as the mid-15th century, although the German fashion for "many small all-over slits" may have begun here. Whatever its origin, the fad for multiple slashings spread
1806:
The middle of the 15th century in
Burgundy saw what seems to have been the earliest occurrence of the male fashion for dressing all in black, which was to reappear so strongly in the "Spanish" style of the mid-16thβ17th century and again in the 19thβ20th centuries. This was apparently begun by Duke
1637:
in her crown wears a gown with long hanging sleeves over pieced and jewelled undersleeves and a gold brocade kirtle. Her companion (probably her daughter Juana or Joanna) wears undersleeves fastened up the back over full chemise sleeves. Her red gown is open from the waist down in back and has very
647:
The general
European convention of completely covering married women's hair was not accepted in warmer Italy. Italian women wore their hair very long, wound with ribbons or braided, and twisted up into knots of various shapes with the ends hanging free. The hair was then covered with sheer veils or
523:
was worn with the gamurra or cotta. Toward the end of the period, sleeves were made in sections or panels and slashed, allowing the full chemise sleeves below to be pulled through in puffs along the arm, at the shoulder, and at the elbow. This was the beginning of the fashion for puffed and slashed
95:
As Europe continued to grow more prosperous, the urban middle classes, skilled workers, began to wear more complex clothes that followed, at a distance, the fashions set by the elites. It is in this time period that fashion took on a temporal aspect. People could now be dated by their clothes, and
1802:
These houppelandes, giorneas and gowns were pleated thanks to different techniques but the most common ones were using a fabric ring and fastening the gown to it in a way that pleated the garment and adding a layer of interlining (either densely woven linen or low-quality fulled wool) which would
322:
Slashing is a decorative technique that involved making small cuts on the outer fabric of a garment in order to reveal the sometimes brightly colored inner garment or lining. It was performed on all varieties of clothing, both men's and women's. Contemporary chroniclers identify the source of the
149:
prevented the citizens from wearing the most luxurious cloths on which the city's fortunes were built, the materials of men's clothing in particular often appear plain in paintings, but contemporaries who understood the difference in grades of cloth very well would have appreciated the beauty and
2278:'s self-portrait shows the influence of Italian fashion: His low-necked shirt or chemise of fine linen, gathered and trimmed with a band of gold braid or embroidery, is worn under an open-fronted doublet and a cloak tied over one shoulder. His hair is worn long, under a draped pointed hat with a
1853:
In mid-15th century, a bowl haircut with the hair shaved at the back of the neck was stylish. In
Germany, and briefly in Venice, a wide shock of frizzy blond hair was often seen on images of lovers (and angels) in the later part of the 15th centuryβless often in portraits. By the end of the 15th
1256:
of this period features a striped veil wrapped over an embroidered padded roll with a jewel, worn over a coif tied under the chin. The portion over the brow is probably a matching "forehead cloth" rather than part of the coif. The loose, square-necked gown of figured silk is worn over a black
2692:. The bee-hive hair above the cap should be ignored, and the striping and quilting in the cap are not seen in older photographs and drawings, where it appears flat and made from one piece of cloth. The clothes on the body are original apart from retouched areas. See Hand & Wolff (1986).
1849:
of various styles—tall-crowned with small brims or no brims at all, hats with brims turned up on one side for variations of the coif, or low-crowned with wider brims pulled to a point in front—began to compete with the draped chaperon, especially in Italy and after the 1460s in
202:
with a velvety nap. High-value broadcloth was a backbone of the
English economy and was exported throughout Europe. Wool fabrics were dyed in rich colours, notably reds, greens, golds, blues, and even shades of pink and purple, although the actual blue colour achievable by dyeing with
878:, Duchess of Burgundy, wears an elaborate embroidered and jeweled headdress with a sheer veil. Her gown is made of an artichoke-patterned red velvet on a gold ground, lined with ermine, and laces at the front opening. She wears a sheer linen partlet and a checkered belt, c. 1445β1450.
1446:
wears her hair wrapped in ribbon which is coiled at her ears and covered with a ruched veil. Her black gown is high necked in front and lower at the back, typical of
Italian fashion at this time, and is worn with floral sleeves, probably attached to an underdress,
2050:
on the left wears a long figured houppelande with full sleeves lined in fur, while the men of his household wear short solid-coloured houppelandes with parti-coloured or matching hose. Several of the men wear hoods around their necks, and some wear hats. France,
1647:
wears her long hair smoothed over her ears and pulled back into a braid. Her sleeves are tied to her gown, and the chemise beneath is pulled out in puffs between the ribbon ties. The puffs and the lower waist would be important fashion trends in the next
1741:
made out of wool were used to cover the legs, and were generally brightly colored. Early hose sometimes had leather soles and were worn without shoes or boots. Hose were generally tied to the breech belt, or to the breeches themselves, or to a doublet.
1276:
2899:, p. 240: "The pomegranate motif had its roots in ancient Mesopotamian iconography as a symbol of life and fertility through its display of a fruit with many seeds. Central Asian textile versions of the pomegranate had reached Europe during the
1047:
wears a truncated cone hennin with a veil draped over the back. The black loop on her forehead is thought to be part of the wire frame that balances the hennin. Her houppelande has a black collar trimmed in white fur and she wears an elaborate
4468:
1012:
shows the hair pulled smoothly back from her face and confined in a caul or early hennin beneath a sheer veil. The gown has a wide V-neckline that shows the dark kirtle beneath and is worn with a wide red belt and a sheer partlet at the neck,
1400:
2702:
875:
1722:/gown was often elaborately pleated. The pleats being achieved by various means. In Italy both shirt and doublet were often high, tight and collarless at the front of the neck; sometimes they are shown higher at the front than the back.
2259:
2061:(d. 1419), Duke of Burgundy and father of Philip the Good, wears a fur-lined black houppelande with high neck and dagged sleeves over a red doublet. His bag-shaped hat has a rolled brim and is decorated with a jewel. Early 15th century.
2713:
This is one of several extant copies of a work likely from life, between her marriage in 1464 and the death of her husband in 1483; a brass rubbing dated 1479 with the same style of headdress and neckline is shown in Payne (1965).
664:
for one), and visitors to Venice reported that ladies sat out in the sun on their terraces with their hair spread out around large circular disks worn like hats, attempting to bleach it in the sun. Chemical methods were also used.
593:, had evolved into a mesh of jeweler's work that confined the hair on the sides of the head by the end of the 14th century. Gradually the fullness at the sides of head was pulled up to the temples and became pointed, like horns (
462:
was replaced by a high-waisted style with fullness over the belly, often confined by a belt. The wide, shallow scooped neckline was replaced by a V-neck, often cut low enough to reveal the decorated front of the kirtle beneath.
2546:
366:. As a result, the French nobility were introduced to the new fabrics and styles of Italy, which would combine with German influence to become mainstream fashion of the nobility in France (and later spread to England) in the
1975:
1752:
The hose exposed by short tops were, especially in Italy late in the 15th century, often strikingly patterned, parti-coloured (different colours for each leg, or vertically divided), or embroidered. Hose were cut on the
1351:
770:
1439:
of mid-15th century has an obvious waist seam and a skirt pleated to the bodice. The figured undergown has a high front neckline and wide upper sleeves. Her hair is lightly covered with a cap and veil twisted into a
1588:
wears her very long hair in a knot at the back with a tail wrapped in black cord or ribbons. A single braid is studded with pearls, and a long loose lock is looped over the braid. Her neckline is lower and squared,
1432:
in this portrait as the Virgin Mary with her son
Galeazzo as the infant Jesus. She is wearing a high-waisted gown of embroidered gold with tight-fitting sleeves. Her blonde hair is partially covered by a long black
498:
In Italy, the low scoop-neck of the early decades gave way to a neckline that was high in front with a lower V-neck at the back at mid-15th century. This was followed by a V-neckline that displayed the kirtle or
435:
2556:
2534:
2526:
wear looser robes belted at the waist while younger men wear fashionable short robes fitted through the body and belted at the hip. The higher-ranking figures wear less practical clothes and chaperons,
1238:, Regent of France, in the ceremonial ermine-trimmed sideless surcoat and mantle of royalty, c. 1490s. The small cap worn with her coronet is a new French fashion of the last decade of the 15th century.
601:, sat on the back of the head. Very fashionable women shaved their foreheads and eyebrows. Any of these styles could be topped by a padded roll, sometimes arranged in a heart-shape, or a veil, or both.
884:, Queen consort of Henry VI of England. She is wearing the close-fitting cotehardie with gold buttons and tight gold sleeves. Her red mantel is richly embroidered at the neck and clasped with a brooch.
1220:
is portrayed in contemporary dress of 1480. The low front opening now laces over the kirtle or an inserted panel or plackard, and the gown is draped up to reveal the richer fabric of the kirtle skirt.
1419:
wears a fur-lined red gown with a belt at the high waistline and full slashed sleeves over dark patterned undersleeves gathered to the elbow. Her headdress features a red chaperon, Florence, c. 1440.
2395:, a banker's daughter of Bruges, wears a green dress laced up the front with a single lace over a dark kirtle. Her hair is worn loose under a black cap with a pendant jewel, Netherlands, 1476β1478.
1745:
As overgarments became shorter, hose reached to the waist rather than the hips, and were sewn together into a single garment with a pouch or flap to cover the front opening; this evolved into the
1250:
is depicted wearing an embroidered coif or cap decorated with small slashes, with her hair braided down her back underneath. She wears a square-necked dress with flared sleeves, French, 1496β1498.
1841:
Early in the 15th century, the hood remained a common component of dress for all classes, although it was frequently worn around the neck as a cowl or twisted into the fantastical shapes of the
1592:
842:
wears a linen headdress and a grey houppelande lined in black fur confined with a belt at the high waist. Her veil is pinned to her cap, and has sharp creases from ironing, Netherlands, 1430.
4116:
829:
wears a houppelande of dark blue figured fabric with a narrow belt. Her hair is shaved back from her forehead, and she wears a blunt pointed cap (now over-restored), France or
Flanders,
638:
of crisp linen (often with visible creases from ironing and folding). A brief fashion added rows of gathered frills to the coif or veil; this style is sometimes known by the German name
2231:
4545:
2094:
1613:
features the sheer pointed partlet worn over the gown that was popular in Italy at this time. This woman wears a small cap with a brim on the back of her head; it ties under her chin.
1610:
1205:
3685:
Throughout Europe and Asia Minor, during the entire
Renaissance period and even for some time beyond, the sumptuous Italian gold-brocaded red velvets with the pomegranate motif, the
823:
with a broad collar and a heart-shaped headdress. Her books stress that women should dress appropriately to their station in life, as her own less sumptuous headdress here reflects.
1223:
1803:
have been pleated as any other garment. The outer fabric and lining would have been sewn over this inter-lining in order to take the pleat's shape but without a visible seam line.
1029:
in another illustration from
Boccaccio wear tall steeple hennins with white veils. A long gown with a train has fur at the cuffs and neckline and is worn with a wide belt, c. 1460.
1413:. The woman on the right has her hair held in a long, thick braid encased in sheer fabric and twisted around her head. Her simple gown laces up the front with a single lace, 1423.
1032:
1026:
1616:
816:
2377:, son of Philip III of Burgundy, wears a velvet gold floral figured short robe, black hose, and pointed shoes with pattens underneath, and a "pudding-basin" haircut 1447β1448.
1291:
2268:
wears an open robe fastened across his chest with pairs of ribbon ties. Beneath the overgown he wears a brown velvet doublet with sleeves buttoned to the wrist. Bruges, 1487.
2225:
1826:
In the last decades of the 15th century, a new style of gown appeared; this was of various lengths, generally worn unbelted, and featured wide turned back revers and collar.
782:
872:(likely godmother and mother) wear heart-shaped headdresses with veils and belted, fur-lined gowns open at the front to display the chemises beneath, Burgundy, 1445β1450.
1619:'s "Lady" wears a V-necked, high-waisted gown with hanging sleeves over a floral silk gamurra with a square neckline. Her cap is of the same floral silk. Siena, c. 1490.
3695:
The pomegranate motif is widespread in Middle Eastern Islamic architectural decoration. It also appears in garments as is seen in eleventh-century Persian ivory plaque
2213:
2189:
648:
small caps. Toward the 1480s women wore chin-length sections of hair in loose waves or ripples over the ears (a style that would inspire "vintage" hair fashions in the
673:
Women from the 14th century wore laced ankle-boots, which were often lined with fur. Later in the 15th century, women began to wear long-toed footwear styled on men's
577:) and a mantle draped from the shoulders; it can be seen in variety of royal portraits and as "shorthand" to identify queens in illuminated manuscripts of the period.
472:
fitted smoothly from the shoulders to the hips and then flared by means of inserted triangular gores. It featured sleeves tight to the elbow with hanging streamers or
3332:
Laura Rinaldi Dufresne, "A Woman of Excellent Character: A Case Study of Dress, Reputation and the Changing Costume of Christine de Pizan in the Fifteenth Century",
2108:
2439:
4647:
4563:
4109:
896:
1850:
France/Flanders. A brimless scarlet cap became nearly universal for young Florentines in particular, and was widely worn by older men and those in other cities.
1041:
wears a simple headdress of draped linen and a red houppelande trimmed with white fur. Note that the sleeve is only attached to the dress at the top, 1467β1471.
3442:
1799:
in France, was popular. It was usually pleated and was worn hanging loose or belted. Young men wore them short and older men wore them calf- or ankle-length.
4125:
2237:
1898:
of the period's armor followed suit, reaching such awkward extremes in the second half of the century that they fell entirely out of fashion in favor of the
859:
1638:
long hanging sleeves, one of which is looped up over her right shoulder. Her hair is braided and wrapped with a knot or tassel at the end. Spain, 1490β1495.
2685:
2592:
2067:
wears a draped chaperon and a dark robe over a reddish doublet. Note the characteristic high front neckline compared to the back neckline, Florence, 1425.
2601:
1253:
1247:
2638:
2633:
2451:
2427:
283:). These grand, symmetrical, vegetal designs were seen most frequently in Europe between 1420 and 1550, almost to the exclusion of other pattern types.
96:
being in "out of date" clothing became a new social concern. National variations in clothing seem on the whole to have increased over the 15th century.
4043:
4578:
4102:
2539:
2374:
2085:
wears a bold floral patterned robe with fur trim and bag sleeves. The "bowl" haircut with the back of the neck shaved was popular in mid-15th century.
1760:
1634:
826:
2058:
1963:
2135:
1489:
1450:
806:
2250:(right) wears a long floral patterned gown, while his attendants wear very short gowns with hose. All wear long pointed shoes, France, 1468β1470.
2582:
2392:
1044:
1038:
4080:
562:, where it was worn with pieced or slashed sleeves and the second new style, a chemise with trumpet sleeves, open and very wide at the wrist.
243:
motifs had reached Europe from (northern) China and Central Asia, becoming dominant in the stately variations designed by the silk weavers of
4015:
3992:
3966:
3852:
3831:
3799:
3772:
3730:
3658:
3635:
2111:, Duke of Burgundy, wears an elaborately draped chaperon with a black-on-black figured silk short robe with width at the shoulder, 1447β1448.
224:
42:
2863:
Pour soi vΓͺtir honnΓͺtement Γ la cour de monseigneur le duc: Costume et dispositif vestimentaire Γ la cour de Philippe le Bon, de 1430 Γ 1455
2105:
or houppelande of figured silk. One sleeve is turned back to the shoulder to reveal the lining and the doublet sleeve beneath. Sienna, 1442.
1097:
1035:
in the same illustration wears a red hood with a long liripipe. Her blue dress is "kirtled" or shortened by poufing it over a belt, c. 1460.
4162:
1501:
1241:
605:
were supported by wire frames that exaggerated the shape and were variously draped from the back of the headdress or covered the forehead.
1686:
The basic outfit of men in this period consisted of a shirt, doublet, and hose, with some sort of over garment (robe worn over clothing).
1453:
showing women with their hair braided or twisted, and wrapped around their heads, secured with ribbons laced through the coils, 1468β1470.
239:, are increasingly seen in Italian dress and in the dress of the wealthy throughout Europe. By the 14th century, floral designs featuring
704:
2919:, pp. 195β196: "The pomegranate. which signified fertility and immortality in Eastern religions, was absorbed into Christian symbolism."
2023:
1005:
950:
932:
1631:
or platform shoes to the left. As with other similar pictures, historians argue as to whether these are patrician ladies or courtesans.
1519:
4652:
4252:
4063:
3131:
3104:
2082:
839:
4340:
4335:
4292:
4287:
4282:
2628:
3944:
3752:
3669:
3610:
3571:
3521:
3474:
3354:
3009:
2933:
2797:
2566:
2123:
1819:, wore their long red robes as a uniform virtually unchanged throughout the 15th century. In contrast, the young men and the famous
914:
4483:
4478:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4067:
417:
and her attendants in Italian fashion of the 1480s. The tight slashed sleeves reveal the full chemise sleeves beneath. She wears a
2035:
495:
was coined in the mid-1400s to describe garments reflecting the very latest fashions, a term which endured into the 16th century.
4167:
4138:
3590:
1406:
458:
or smock worn next to the skin. The sleeves were made detachable and were heavily ornamented. The long-waisted silhouette of the
352:
4072:
4053:
2549:. She wears a black hood with a long liripipe and a scrip or bag at her waist. He wears a floppy black hat tied under the chin,
4657:
3544:
2247:
1945:
1641:
1579:
1537:
1436:
4089:
2147:
1669:
Hats in a variety of styles are also worn by this group of French noblemen in high-collared overgowns lined with fur, c. 1470.
634:
Women of the merchant classes in Northern Europe wore modified versions of courtly hairstyles, with coifs or caps, veils, and
186:
At all levels of society, wool continued to be the predominant material for fabrics, exceeding by far the next most important
32:
2228:
of the conjoined hose of the 15th century. The man on the right has slashed undersleeves. Note V-shaped back neckline, 1460s.
2088:
1718:, and long pointed shoes or thigh-boots gave a long attenuated appearance below the waist, and a stout, solid one above. The
1585:
2271:
1270:
1163:
1151:
1381:
1023:, shows the formal ermine-trimmed sideless surcoat that identifies royalty in illuminated manuscripts of this period, 1460.
716:
4642:
4277:
4154:
3907:
2684:
This, the earliest panel portrait of a woman, has been heavily restored or "improved" at various points, most recently by
2511:
2360:
2312:
1555:
845:
3233:
1933:
758:
2523:
2499:
2386:
2380:
2047:
692:
122:
3151:
Vocabulaire des Quinze joyes de mariage: d'après le texte de la seconde édition de la Bibliothèque elzévirienne de 1857
2240:, all in black, wears a soft "sugarloaf" hat and a doublet laced at the neck with a collar. He wears the emblem of the
80:
4257:
4247:
2487:
2348:
980:
968:
869:
3595:
487:: a low V-neck that showed a glimpse of the square-necked kirtle. The neckline could be filled in with a sheer linen
347:
A second result of the defeat at Grandson was the decline of Burgundy as a fount of culture and fashion. The heiress
340:
and thence to France, Italy, and England, where it was to remain a potent current in fashionable attire into the mid-
3889:
3434:
1833:
or mantles were worn overall for ceremonial occasions and in bad weather; these typically fastened on one shoulder.
1244:
wears a red velvet front-opening gown lined in ermine. Her hood has black velvet lappets and gold embroidery, 1490s.
40:
with voluminous sleeves worn with elaborate headdresses are characteristic of the earlier 15th century. Detail from
4590:
4568:
4199:
3958:
3877:
3871:
3859:
2241:
1595:
and her attendants are pictured in Catalan dress of the 1470s. This image is one of the earliest depictions of the
1416:
1229:
1217:
1066:, wears a black gown with patterned collar and cuffs and a matching truncated English hennin beneath a sheer veil,
3843:
1232:, the woman wears a pointed hennin with a sheer veil. Her gown is laced across her kirtle, Netherlands, 1485β1490.
117:
through most of the 15th century, European fashion north of the Alps was dominated by the glittering court of the
4616:
4269:
4184:
4143:
2576:
2265:
2253:
2070:
1567:
468:
1855:
649:
566:
459:
367:
341:
298:, went out of style except at court, first for men and then for women; the new fashionable furs were dark brown
4585:
4473:
4450:
4445:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4382:
4204:
1443:
275:
any design incorporating the pomegranate motif, even where the motifs came to more closely resemble flora such
4034:
2159:
4177:
3902:
3239:, The Compleat Anachronist, The Society for Creative Anachronism, SCA monograph series: Autumn 2006, no. 133
1993:
1477:
734:
3691:
recorded in contemporary documents, were an indication of high social status: luxury, power and sacredness.
2463:
2079:(d. 1433), King of Portugal, wears a red fur-lined houppelande over a patterned doublet and a black bonnet.
1333:
597:). By mid-15th century, the hair was pulled back from the forehead, and the crespine, now usually called a
182:
was important for headdresses and for the shirts and chemises revealed by new lower necklines and slashing.
4262:
1907:
1644:
1016:
356:
219:
3296:
2962:, Victoria and Albert Museum, 13 December 2006, Textile and Fashion Collection Accession number 1339-1864
2415:
1921:
1303:
1193:
407:
4606:
3838:
3820:
3761:
2955:
2294:
2064:
1465:
1422:
1235:
1139:
1009:
3369:
3254:
3080:
3040:
2764:
2011:
53:
was characterized by a surge of experimentation and regional variety, from the voluminous robes called
3916:
3810:
3722:
3715:
3579:
2983:
2475:
1109:
1677:
Late in the 15th century, a new style of loose overgown with revers and collar appeared. Italy, 1495.
1260:
1063:
992:
412:
3787:"Value-Added Stuffs and Shifts in Meaning: An Overview and Case-Study of Medieval Textile Paradigms"
2336:
2324:
1369:
1315:
569:
became fossilized as a ceremonial costume for royalty, usually with an ermine front panel (called a
4621:
4319:
4077:
3786:
2171:
1842:
1622:
1059:
746:
681:βoften themselves with elongated toes during this eraβto protect their shoes proper while outside.
609:
484:
403:
198:. Wool fabrics were available in a wide range of qualities, from rough undyed cloth to fine, dense
58:
3981:
3000:
Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages
1661:
Italian fashion of the 1470s featured short overgowns worn over doublets, and hats of many shapes.
4611:
4314:
3746:. Translated by Alexander K. Dallas. London: George Harrap & Co. Translation from the German.
3741:
3269:
1711:
1085:
810:
794:
328:
145:
amounted to a noticeable proportion of all government expenditure. Especially in Florence, where
142:
3647:
2840:
2201:
391:
that displays the black kirtle and a band of the chemise. Hair is pulled back in an embroidered
1121:
442:
wears a headdress comprising a truncated-cone hennin, a jewelled padded roll, and a sheer veil.
4573:
4398:
4234:
4209:
4194:
4011:
3988:
3962:
3940:
3923:
3848:
3827:
3795:
3768:
3748:
3726:
3665:
3654:
3631:
3606:
3602:
3567:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3350:
3127:
3121:
3100:
3094:
3005:
2923:... "In ancient times the pomegranate fruit passed from the East into the Graeco-Roman world."
2793:
2364:
2275:
1883:
881:
477:
363:
332:
232:
118:
114:
110:
4058:
3149:
235:
by the beginning of the 15th century, and figured silks, often silk velvets with silver-gilt
4540:
4535:
4530:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4375:
4309:
3148:
2586:
2401:
1816:
1175:
657:
653:
590:
439:
383:
348:
158:
4239:
4084:
4038:
3548:
2869:
2617:
1875:
1867:
1808:
1734:
1715:
613:
290:
layer, by those who could afford it. The grey and white squirrel furs of the Middle Ages,
287:
256:
66:
3349:(catalogue), pp. 90β97, National Gallery of Art, Washington: Cambridge University Press.
2941:
2598:
wear open-fronted, slashed doublets and hose divided into upper and lower sections, 1494.
4219:
3955:
Illuminating Fashion: Dress in the Art of Medieval France and the Netherlands, 1325β1515
2383:
holding a teething ring wears a short robe with a sash and open-toed shoes, Italy, 1461.
4189:
4004:
2998:
1879:
1854:
century, shoulder-length hair became fashionable, a trend that would continue into the
1754:
1657:
264:
2868:
To dress honestly at the court of the Lord Duke: Costume and clothing at the court of
1768:, German, 1482. Only the younger adult men wear short doublets showing off their legs.
1689:
Linen shirts were worn next to the skin. Toward the end of the period, shirts (French
1673:
511:
were popular, and the gamurra sleeves displayed were often of rich figured silks. The
133:
of Italy and the East and to English wool exports through the great trading cities of
4636:
4440:
3897:
3541:
1899:
1891:
1625:
with blonde frizzy hair and caps. The very high waist is typical of Venice. Note the
813:
in a cotehardie. She wears a wired "horned" headdress with a veil. France, 1410β1411.
678:
146:
2809:
1403:
with a simple red gown with a green girdle belt and a braided hairstyle, circa 1410.
1263:
is depicted in the royal ermine-trimmed sideless surcoat and a symbolic mantle with
4094:
3702:
Fourth Biennial Symposium of the Textile Society of America, 22β24 September 1994:
2900:
2570:
1226:
of the 1480s are carried looped up to allow walking, displaying the kirtle beneath.
359:
337:
212:
3275:(First ed.). New York: Robert. M. McBride & Company. p. 83. (Author
17:
3721:. Translated by Caroline Higgitt. London; New York: Holmes & Meier. pp.
3507:
3166:
2666:
For the fashion of bleached blond hair in Venice, see Tortora and Eubanks (1994)
141:. Purchases of fabrics through Italian merchants like the two cousins both named
3710:
3677:"The Pomegranate Pattern in Italian Renaissance Textiles: Origins and Influence"
2703:
Image:Rogier van der Weyden (workshop of) - Portrait of Isabella of Portugal.jpg
2389:
wear the family colours with parti-coloured hose with ornamental points (laces).
1903:
1887:
1778:
1765:
1719:
1604:
555:
324:
240:
170:-patterned silks are characteristic of the 15th century, as are richly coloured
163:
54:
37:
3676:
2559:
work barefoot and wear their kirtles looped up over long-sleeved linen smocks,
1811:
and his court. we have records of him buying black gowns for his retainers. In
1665:
585:
A variety of hats and headdresses were worn in Europe in the 15th century. The
519:
was a lighter-weight undergown for summer wear. A sideless overgown called the
3927:
3277:
1704:
661:
551:
199:
2585:
shown fastening of the hose to the short doublet by means of points or ties,
2400:
Then, around the age of 6 or 7, boys would receive their first pair of hose (
2934:"European Sculpture and Decorative Arts: Length of velvet β Italian, Venice"
2689:
2622:
2595:
1871:
1820:
1733:, a loose undergarment, usually made of linen, which was held up by a belt.
1020:
674:
559:
276:
167:
87:
70:
4049:
15th Century Female Flemish Dress: A Portfolio of Images, by Hope Greenberg
4044:
Late 15th century Italian (Venice) Velvet at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
1582:
wears sleeves of figured silk with the fashionable pomegranate motif, 1470.
2861:
2675:
Depictions after de Pisan's death in 1430 tend to "promote" her socially.
2604:
2368:
1795:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1264:
1053:
617:
280:
244:
126:
2874:] (Doctorat d'histoire thesis) (in French). UniversitΓ© de Bourgogne.
3918:
History of Costume, From the Ancient Egyptians to the Twentieth Century
1895:
1691:
1627:
488:
483:
Around 1450, the houppelande went out of fashion to be replaced by the
455:
419:
295:
260:
215:
187:
138:
130:
74:
3597:
20,000 Years of Fashion: The History of Costume and Personal Adornment
3581:
20,000 years of fashion: The history of costume and personal adornment
2579:
in well-worn and basic versions of the clothes of the more prosperous.
4304:
2279:
1812:
1410:
635:
628:
621:
451:
424:
392:
303:
252:
208:
175:
171:
134:
57:
with their sweeping floor-length sleeves to the revealing giornea of
4048:
2811:
Dressing Renaissance Florence: Families, Fortunes, and Fine Clothing
4031:
3767:. Translated by Alexander K. Dallas. New York: Dover Publications.
4172:
1830:
1759:
1672:
1664:
1656:
820:
554:
with visible casings stiffened with reeds, which would become the
434:
402:
388:
382:
311:
299:
268:
248:
191:
179:
157:
129:
to their dominion, the Dukes of Burgundy had access to the latest
79:
31:
3536:
Miller, I: "Miraculous childbirth and the Portinari altarpiece",
1749:
which only begins being exposed formally after the 1480s in art.
3983:
Encountering Medieval Textiles and Dress: Objects, Texts, Images
3792:
Encountering medieval textiles and dress: Objects, texts, images
2996:
Pendergast, Sara; Pendergast, Tom (2004). Hermsen, Sarah (ed.).
602:
447:
396:
331:
in 1476. Supposedly the Swiss plundered the rich fabrics of the
307:
291:
236:
204:
195:
4098:
3645:
Crowfoot, Elisabeth; Prichard, Frances; Staniland, Kay (1992).
1409:
headdresses. The woman on the left wears a veil twisted into a
306:. Toward the end of the 15th century, wild animal furs such as
1846:
62:
627:
The most extravagant headdress of Burgundian fashion was the
73:
assumed increasing importance, and were draped, jeweled, and
3624:
The Greenwood encyclopedia of clothing through world history
3465:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. p.
2256:
are worn with a Giornea belted at the waist. Italy, c. 1470.
2234:
Short gown, heavily pleated, with chaperon and thigh boots.
534:
Two uniquely Spanish fashions appeared from the 1470s. The
3717:
Gold & spices: The Rise of Commerce in the Middle Ages
2262:
wears the high collarless Italian style at the neck, 1478.
387:
A fur-trimmed robe a tassel of the mid-15th century has a
3794:. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 237β249.
3214:
3212:
2836:
446:
Women's fashions of the 15th century consisted of a long
355:
but died young. In the last decade of the 15th century,
2657:
Two per cent to the elder Giovanni alone, in 1444β1446.
3937:
Survey of historic costume: A history of Western dress
848:
wears a horned headdress with a ruffled veil called a
121:, especially under the fashion-conscious power-broker
817:
Christine de Pisan presents her book to Queen Isabeau
3392:
3390:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3096:
Handbook to Life in the Medieval World, 3-Volume Set
1815:, the patrician class, after the age of joining the
558:. The earliest depictions of this garment come from
4599:
4556:
4523:
4492:
4461:
4391:
4328:
4227:
4153:
3979:Koslin, DΓ©sirΓ©e G.; Snyder, Janet E., eds. (2009).
4003:
3980:
3939:(2nd ed.). New York: Fairchild Publications.
3915:
3819:
3785:
3760:
3714:
3646:
3594:
3578:
3268:
3232:
3126:. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 251.
2997:
589:of Northern Europe, originally a thick hairnet or
314:remained the prerogative and hallmark of royalty.
1882:, ecclesiastical censure for vanity, and evenβin
856:. Her red houppelande is lined in grey fur, 1439.
3790:. In DΓ©sirΓ©e G. Koslin; Janet E. Snyder (eds.).
3681:Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings
3605:(Expanded ed.). New York: Harry N. Abrams.
323:fashion for slashing garments to the actions of
3630:. Westport, Connecticut (US): Greenwood Press.
2956:"Woven Silk Velvet ca. 1450 to ca. 1500 (made)"
2367:, drawn after his tomb effigy. He is wearing a
620:, and a variety of related draped and wrapped
4110:
3686:
3308:
2790:The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings
2569:on a dock wear short robes with hats, Italy,
2099:
1874:in the previous century continued, prompting
1788:
1782:
1597:
544:
536:
231:Silk weaving was well established around the
8:
4010:. Jefferson, N.C. (US): McFarland & Co.
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
850:
660:). Blonde hair was considered desirable (by
639:
476:. The tight fit was achieved with lacing or
125:(ruled 1419β1469). Having added Holland and
3935:Tortora, Phyllis G.; Eubank, Keith (1994).
3878:"The Renaissance and the Sixteenth Century"
1458:Style gallery β Italy and Spain 1470sβ1490s
1273:with an elaborated braided hairstyle, 1497.
1078:Style gallery β Northern Europe 1480sβ1490s
889:Style gallery β Northern Europe 1450sβ1470s
819:, who wears a figured houppelande lined in
685:Style gallery β Northern Europe 1400sβ1440s
524:sleeves that would last for two centuries.
466:Various styles of overgowns were worn. The
4117:
4103:
4095:
3812:The concise history of costume and fashion
3235:Headdresses of the 14th and 15th Centuries
3155:(in French). Geneva: Slatkine. p. 42.
2701:On the dating of this image, see notes at
2091:worn with braies and tied to a belt, 1440.
211:) could not match the characteristic rich
4054:Women's Clothing in 15th Century Florence
862:with fur-lined bag sleeves, Bruges, 1443.
4078:Glossary of some medieval clothing terms
4059:Burgundian wedding c1470, from the Getty
3675:Fanelli, Rosalia Bonito (January 1994).
3441:. The Society for Creative Anachronism.
2688:in 1922β1923, who wanted it to become a
1823:of the city dressed very extravagantly.
1279:with dresses and underskirts, 1496β1499.
4073:Men's clothing in 15th century Florence
3987:. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
3562:Black, J. Anderson, and Madge Garland:
3420:
3320:
3218:
2916:
2837:Crowfoot, Prichard & Staniland 1992
2760:
2733:
2726:
2650:
2411:
2290:
2119:
1917:
1461:
1287:
1081:
892:
688:
271:, from this period and into the 1400s.
113:and its aftermath and then the English
3649:Textiles and clothing: c.1150 β c.1450
3381:
3292:
3203:
2979:
2896:
2884:
2824:
2792:. National Gallery Catalogues p. 195.
2577:The very poor of Florence receive alms
2561:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry
2551:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry
267:silk-producing cities of Istanbul and
84:Young Italian men wear brimless caps,
4648:History of clothing (Western fashion)
4032:Late Medieval clothing and embroidery
3826:. London: Thames & Hudson. 1979.
3489:
3454:
3452:
3445:from the original on 7 February 2023.
3408:
3396:
3365:
3276:
3250:
3191:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3036:
3024:
2776:
2639:1550β1600 in Western European fashion
2634:1500β1550 in Western European fashion
109:With England and France mired in the
7:
4163:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
3713:(1998). "Learning About the World".
3435:"15th century Giornea/Cioppa pleats"
3099:. Infobase Publishing. p. 868.
2860:Jolivet, Sophie (23 November 2003).
507:). Sleeveless overgowns such as the
450:, usually with sleeves, worn over a
150:great expense of a very fine grade.
4090:Article on Burgundian women's dress
3860:"The Dark Ages and the Middle Ages"
3542:retrieve 3/19/2007 encyclopedia.com
2272:At the very end of the 15th century
3653:. London: Museum of London; HMSO.
3120:Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011).
2540:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
1444:Battista Sforza, Duchess of Urbino
225:Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry
43:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
25:
3093:Cosman, Madeleine Pelner (2009).
1284:Style gallery β Italy 1400sβ1460s
327:soldiers in the aftermath of the
105:Dominance of the Burgundian court
4218:
4139:History of clothing and textiles
2510:
2498:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2414:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2311:
2293:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2034:
2022:
2010:
1992:
1974:
1962:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1617:Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi
1566:
1554:
1536:
1518:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1380:
1368:
1350:
1332:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1204:
1192:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
991:
979:
967:
949:
931:
913:
895:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
715:
703:
691:
353:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
4546:impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
3688:zetani vel lutati al lucciolati
3512:, Abingdon: Routledge, p.
3345:Hand, J. O.; Wolff, M. (1986).
3267:Nesfield-Cookson, Mary (1935).
3231:Vibbert, Marie (October 2006),
3123:The complete costume dictionary
2073:worn in elaborate twists, 1433.
677:. They used outer shoes called
218:blues depicted in contemporary
3922:. New York: Harper & Row.
3898:"European Fashion (1450β1950)"
3704:Contact, Crossover, Continuity
3502:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015),
2938:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
2815:Johns Hopkins University Press
2808:Frick, Carole Collier (2002).
1725:Men of all classes wore short
1248:HypsipylΓ©, first wife of Jason
550:was a gown with a bell-shaped
368:first half of the 16th century
51:Fashion in 15th-century Europe
27:Costume in the years 1400-1500
1:
4006:Daily life in the Middle Ages
3908:Institute of European History
3509:World Clothing and Fashion...
2629:1300β1400 in European fashion
2301:
2178:
2000:
1982:
1952:
1544:
1526:
1508:
1426:
1388:
1358:
1340:
1322:
1254:Another fashionable headdress
1230:In this allegory of True Love
1182:
1128:
1067:
957:
939:
921:
903:
830:
723:
4068:Images of Burgundian hennins
3822:A concise history of costume
3347:Early Netherlandish Painting
2750:. New York, NY: I.B. Tauris.
2547:Man and woman shearing sheep
2238:Antoine, Bastard of Burgundy
1872:poulaines, pikes, or crakows
612:, a draped hat based on the
565:The sideless surcoat of the
4462:1920sβ1950s Western fashion
4392:1830sβ1910s Western fashion
4329:1500sβ1820s Western fashion
3959:Morgan Library & Museum
2537:in linen braies and shirt,
2244:around his neck, 1467β1470.
1902:supposedly prompted by the
1257:partlet, French, 1496β1498.
870:Seven Sacraments Altarpiece
454:or undergown, with a linen
4674:
3910:, retrieved June 16, 2011.
3896:Mentges, Gabriele (2011).
3622:Condra, Jill, ed. (2008).
3577:Boucher, François (1967).
3540:, June 1, 1995, online at
2746:Wilson, Elizabeth (1985).
2242:Order of the Golden Fleece
1710:Over the shirt was worn a
581:Hairstyles and headdresses
286:Fur was worn, mostly as a
4653:Medieval European costume
4216:
4144:History of fashion design
4133:
3815:. New York: H. N. Abrams.
3585:. New York: H. N. Abrams.
3462:Costume History and Style
3459:Russell, Douglas (1983).
3309:Tortora & Eubank 1994
3004:. MI, USA: Thomson Gale.
2788:'Campbell, Lorne (1998).
2097:of a knee-length Italian
1056:, Netherlands, 1478β1478.
379:Gown, kirtle, and chemise
362:and was briefly declared
4469:Suffrage Movement period
4064:Burgundian women's dress
4002:Newman, Paul B. (2001).
3784:Koslin, DΓ©sirΓ©e (2009).
3601:. With a new chapter by
3147:Cressot, Marcel (1939).
1773:Over-robes and outerwear
1682:Shirt, doublet, and hose
668:
4128:of clothing and fashion
3914:Payne, Blanche (1965).
3903:European History Online
3882:(registration required)
3864:(registration required)
3839:Reprint of 1969 edition
3241:. (By Lyonnete Vibert )
2286:
2266:Maarten van Nieuvenhove
2116:Style gallery 1450β1500
1914:Style gallery 1400β1450
1870:" fashion of long-toed
1652:
1611:1490 portrait of a lady
1437:Italian sleeveless gown
395:and covered by a short
373:
220:illuminated manuscripts
4658:15th century in Europe
3740:KΓΆhler, Carl (1956) .
3687:
3280: Mary Jones-Parry
2408:Working class clothing
2100:
1789:
1783:
1781:, in Italy called the
1769:
1678:
1670:
1662:
1598:
866:Two women at a baptism
851:
840:Modestly dressed woman
640:
545:
537:
443:
432:
400:
357:Charles VIII of France
279:, thistles, lotus and
183:
92:
47:
4557:By country and region
3844:registration required
3809:Laver, James (1969).
3759:KΓΆhler, Karl (1963).
1763:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1423:Bianca Maria Visconti
1010:Rogier van der Weyden
438:
406:
386:
207:(and less frequently
161:
83:
35:
4643:15th-century fashion
4524:2000βpresent fashion
3763:A history of costume
3628:Prehistory to 1500CE
3564:A History of Fashion
3336:16:2 (1990), 105β117
3055:, Ch. 3 & ch. 4.
2393:Margherita Portinari
2371:with tucked sleeves.
1635:Isabella of Castille
1064:Edward IV of England
1017:Emilia in the garden
876:Isabella of Portugal
608:Women also wore the
4564:Indian subcontinent
4493:1960s-1990s fashion
4037:2 July 2007 at the
3953:Van Buren, Anne H.
3817:(Alternative tile:
3492:, pp. 219β220.
3433:Petrucci, Lorenzo.
2960:V&A Collections
2887:, pp. 235β236.
2872:, from 1430 to 1455
2779:, pp. 211β220.
2387:Two Gonzaga princes
2260:Giuliano de' Medici
2254:Parti-coloured hose
2077:John of Fond Memory
1755:cross-grain or bias
1645:La Belle Ferronière
1642:Leonardo da Vinci's
1623:Two Venetian ladies
1417:Woman at a casement
1242:Margaret of Austria
1062:, Queen consort of
1060:Elizabeth Woodville
503:(sometimes spelled
408:Giovanna Tornabuoni
4083:2016-12-28 at the
3743:History of costume
3547:2007-12-10 at the
3439:Lorenzo's Workshop
2625:- horned headdress
2287:Children's fashion
2232:France, late 1460s
1856:early 16th century
1770:
1707:or applied braid.
1679:
1671:
1663:
1586:Simonetta Vespucci
1261:Juana I of Castile
1006:Portrait of a Lady
846:Margarete van Eyck
811:Christine de Pisan
444:
433:
401:
329:Battle of Grandson
184:
143:Giovanni Arnolfini
93:
48:
18:Slashing (fashion)
4630:
4629:
4017:978-0-7864-0897-9
3994:978-0-230-60235-9
3967:978-1-9048-3290-4
3853:978-0-19-520379-0
3833:978-0-500-18092-1
3801:978-0-230-60235-9
3774:978-0-486-21030-8
3732:978-0-8419-1232-8
3683:: 193β204. 1042.
3660:978-0-11-290445-8
3637:978-0-313-33664-5
3603:Yvonne Deslandres
3591:Boucher, François
2748:Adorned in Dreams
2059:John the Fearless
882:Margaret of Anjou
652:and again in the
119:Duchy of Burgundy
115:Wars of the Roses
111:Hundred Years War
59:Renaissance Italy
16:(Redirected from
4665:
4376:Directoire style
4222:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4096:
4021:
4009:
3998:
3986:
3950:
3931:
3921:
3887:
3883:
3869:
3865:
3847:
3837:
3825:
3816:
3805:
3789:
3778:
3766:
3747:
3736:
3720:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3664:
3652:
3641:
3616:
3600:
3586:
3584:
3551:
3538:The Art Bulletin
3534:
3528:
3526:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3430:
3424:
3418:
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3406:
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3394:
3385:
3379:
3373:
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3357:
3343:
3337:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3274:
3271:The Costume Book
3264:
3258:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3090:
3084:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3003:
2993:
2987:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2944:on 5 April 2024.
2940:. Archived from
2930:
2924:
2922:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2857:
2844:
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2828:
2822:
2816:
2806:
2800:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2557:Women raking hay
2514:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2402:called breeching
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2248:Charles the Bold
2216:
2204:
2192:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2103:
2089:Hose or chausses
2083:Chancellor Rolin
2038:
2026:
2014:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1966:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1792:
1786:
1601:
1580:Florentine woman
1570:
1558:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1431:
1428:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1208:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1072:
1069:
995:
983:
971:
962:
959:
953:
944:
941:
935:
926:
923:
917:
908:
905:
899:
854:
835:
832:
797:
785:
773:
761:
749:
737:
728:
725:
719:
707:
695:
669:Women's footwear
643:
548:
540:
517:
516:
440:Mary of Burgundy
416:
349:Mary of Burgundy
310:became popular.
21:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4595:
4552:
4519:
4488:
4457:
4387:
4324:
4223:
4214:
4149:
4148:
4129:
4123:
4085:Wayback Machine
4039:Wayback Machine
4028:
4018:
4001:
3995:
3978:
3975:
3973:Further reading
3947:
3934:
3913:
3885:
3881:
3867:
3863:
3841:
3834:
3818:
3808:
3802:
3783:
3775:
3758:
3739:
3733:
3709:
3696:
3692:
3674:
3661:
3644:
3638:
3626:. Vol. 1:
3621:
3613:
3589:
3576:
3559:
3554:
3549:Wayback Machine
3535:
3531:
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3501:
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3245:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3167:"Robe Γ Tassel"
3165:
3164:
3160:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3075:
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3063:
3059:
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3019:
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2932:
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2927:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2870:Philip the Good
2859:
2858:
2847:
2835:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2807:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2618:Byzantine dress
2614:
2535:Peasant reaping
2529:Livre de Chasse
2518:
2515:
2506:
2503:
2494:
2491:
2482:
2479:
2470:
2467:
2458:
2455:
2446:
2443:
2434:
2431:
2422:
2419:
2410:
2355:
2352:
2343:
2340:
2331:
2328:
2319:
2316:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2289:
2220:
2217:
2208:
2205:
2196:
2193:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2166:
2163:
2154:
2151:
2142:
2139:
2130:
2127:
2118:
2109:Philip the Good
2053:Livre de Chasse
2042:
2039:
2030:
2027:
2018:
2015:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1967:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1940:
1937:
1928:
1925:
1916:
1876:sumptuary taxes
1864:
1839:
1809:Philip the Good
1793:in Italy and a
1775:
1684:
1655:
1593:Princess Salome
1574:
1571:
1562:
1559:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1496:
1493:
1484:
1481:
1472:
1469:
1460:
1429:
1425:is depicted in
1395:
1391:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1310:
1307:
1298:
1295:
1286:
1236:Anne de Beaujeu
1212:
1209:
1200:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1170:
1167:
1158:
1155:
1146:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1104:
1101:
1092:
1089:
1080:
1070:
1045:Maria Portinari
999:
996:
987:
984:
975:
972:
963:
960:
954:
945:
942:
936:
927:
924:
918:
909:
906:
900:
891:
833:
801:
798:
789:
786:
777:
774:
765:
762:
753:
750:
741:
738:
729:
726:
720:
711:
708:
699:
696:
687:
671:
583:
514:
513:
460:previous period
410:
381:
376:
374:Women's fashion
320:
156:
154:Fabrics and fur
123:Philip the Good
107:
102:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4671:
4669:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4635:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4553:
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4549:
4548:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4438:
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4436:
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4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4395:
4393:
4389:
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4386:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4075:
4070:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4027:
4026:External links
4024:
4023:
4022:
4016:
3999:
3993:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3951:
3945:
3932:
3911:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3874:
3832:
3806:
3800:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3773:
3737:
3731:
3707:
3672:
3659:
3642:
3636:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3574:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3529:
3522:
3494:
3482:
3475:
3448:
3425:
3423:, p. 197.
3413:
3411:, p. 199.
3401:
3386:
3374:
3358:
3338:
3325:
3323:, p. 200.
3313:
3311:, p. 146.
3301:
3285:
3259:
3243:
3223:
3221:, p. 205.
3208:
3196:
3179:
3158:
3139:
3133:978-0810877856
3132:
3112:
3106:978-1438109077
3105:
3085:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3029:
3017:
3010:
2988:
2972:
2947:
2925:
2917:Fanelli (1994)
2909:
2889:
2877:
2845:
2829:
2827:, p. 234.
2817:
2801:
2781:
2769:
2753:
2738:
2736:, p. 214.
2725:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2694:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2580:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2543:, c 1412β1416.
2532:
2524:Older huntsmen
2520:
2519:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2485:
2483:
2481:6 β late 1440s
2480:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2276:Albrecht DΓΌrer
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2235:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2141:2 β late 1460s
2140:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1961:
1959:
1950:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1863:
1860:
1838:
1835:
1829:Short or long
1774:
1771:
1683:
1680:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1632:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:Italian fresco
1448:
1441:
1434:
1420:
1414:
1404:
1401:Statue of Mary
1397:
1396:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1297:1 β circa 1410
1296:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1218:Mary Magdalene
1214:
1213:
1211:10 β 1496β1499
1210:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1057:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1001:
1000:
997:
990:
988:
985:
978:
976:
973:
966:
964:
955:
948:
946:
937:
930:
928:
919:
912:
910:
901:
894:
890:
887:
886:
885:
879:
873:
863:
857:
843:
837:
824:
814:
803:
802:
799:
792:
790:
787:
780:
778:
775:
768:
766:
763:
756:
754:
751:
744:
742:
739:
732:
730:
721:
714:
712:
709:
702:
700:
697:
690:
686:
683:
670:
667:
650:1620s and '30s
582:
579:
380:
377:
375:
372:
364:King of Naples
319:
316:
155:
152:
147:sumptuary laws
106:
103:
101:
98:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4670:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4591:Western world
4589:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
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4547:
4544:
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4537:
4534:
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4529:
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4522:
4516:
4513:
4511:
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4506:
4503:
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4497:
4495:
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4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
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4464:
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4452:
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4447:
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4439:
4435:
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4427:
4425:
4422:
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4417:
4415:
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4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3946:1-56367-003-8
3942:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:0-486-21030-8
3750:
3745:
3744:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3689:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3670:0-11-290445-9
3667:
3662:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:0-8109-1693-2
3608:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3573:
3572:0-688-02893-4
3569:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3523:9781317451679
3519:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3504:"Men's Shoes"
3498:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3476:0-13-181214-9
3472:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3355:0-521-34016-0
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3286:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3206:, p. 22.
3205:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3067:, p. 74.
3066:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3027:, p. 78.
3026:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3011:0-7876-5420-5
3007:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2897:Koslin (2009)
2893:
2890:
2886:
2885:Koslin (2009)
2881:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2825:Koslin (2009)
2821:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2798:1-85709-171-X
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2493:7 β 1475β1480
2489:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2421:1 β 1405β1410
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2354:5 β 1476β1478
2350:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2326:
2321:
2318:2 β 1447β1448
2314:
2309:
2296:
2291:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2186:
2173:
2168:
2165:4 β 1468β1470
2161:
2156:
2153:3 β 1467β1470
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:9 β 1447β1448
2037:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
1995:
1990:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1947:
1942:
1939:2 β 1400β1419
1935:
1930:
1927:1 β 1405β1410
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:duckbill shoe
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:outright bans
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:Great Council
1814:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1757:for stretch.
1756:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1653:Men's fashion
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:8 β 1490β1496
1569:
1564:
1561:7 β 1490β1495
1557:
1552:
1539:
1534:
1521:
1516:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1483:2 β 1476β1480
1479:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1383:
1378:
1375:6 β 1465β1470
1371:
1366:
1353:
1348:
1335:
1330:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1177:
1172:
1169:7 β 1496β1498
1165:
1160:
1157:6 β 1496β1498
1153:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1123:
1118:
1115:3 β 1485β1490
1111:
1106:
1103:2 β 1480β1485
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
994:
989:
986:6 β 1476β1478
982:
977:
974:5 β 1467β1471
970:
965:
952:
947:
934:
929:
916:
911:
898:
893:
888:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
853:
847:
844:
841:
838:
828:
825:
822:
818:
815:
812:
808:
805:
804:
800:9 β 1445β1450
796:
791:
788:8 β 1445β1450
784:
779:
776:7 β 1445β1450
772:
767:
760:
755:
748:
743:
736:
731:
718:
713:
710:2 β 1410β1411
706:
701:
698:1 β 1410β1411
694:
689:
684:
682:
680:
676:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
645:
642:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
580:
578:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
547:
541:
539:
532:
530:
525:
522:
518:
510:
506:
502:
496:
494:
493:robe dΓ©guisΓ©e
490:
486:
485:robe a tassel
481:
479:
475:
471:
470:
464:
461:
457:
453:
449:
441:
437:
430:
426:
422:
421:
414:
409:
405:
398:
394:
390:
385:
378:
371:
369:
365:
361:
360:invaded Italy
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
334:
330:
326:
317:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:Mediterranean
229:
227:
226:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
153:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
104:
99:
97:
90:
89:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
44:
39:
34:
30:
19:
4297:
4005:
3982:
3957:. New York:
3954:
3936:
3917:
3901:
3821:
3811:
3791:
3762:
3742:
3716:
3711:Favier, Jean
3703:
3684:
3680:
3648:
3627:
3623:
3596:
3580:
3563:
3537:
3532:
3508:
3497:
3485:
3461:
3438:
3428:
3421:Boucher 1967
3416:
3404:
3377:
3361:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3328:
3321:Boucher 1987
3316:
3304:
3288:
3270:
3262:
3246:
3234:
3226:
3219:Boucher 1967
3199:
3172:17 September
3170:. Retrieved
3161:
3150:
3142:
3122:
3115:
3095:
3088:
3072:
3060:
3048:
3032:
3020:
2999:
2991:
2975:
2966:16 September
2964:, retrieved
2959:
2950:
2942:the original
2937:
2928:
2912:
2892:
2880:
2867:
2862:
2832:
2820:
2810:
2804:
2789:
2784:
2772:
2761:Boucher 1967
2756:
2747:
2741:
2734:Boucher 1967
2729:
2709:
2697:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2560:
2550:
2538:
2528:
2398:
2098:
2055:, 1405β1410.
2052:
1908:Charles VIII
1906:of France's
1865:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1825:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1776:
1751:
1744:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1626:
1596:
1132: 1490s
1071: 1470s
1049:
1033:An attendant
1013:Netherlands.
849:
672:
646:
633:
626:
607:
598:
594:
586:
584:
574:
570:
567:14th century
564:
543:
535:
533:
528:
526:
520:
512:
508:
504:
500:
497:
492:
482:
473:
467:
465:
445:
428:
418:
346:
342:17th century
338:Landsknechts
321:
285:
273:
230:
223:
222:such as the
213:lapis lazuli
185:
108:
94:
85:
69:, and other
55:houppelandes
50:
49:
41:
38:houppelandes
36:Full-bodied
29:
4600:By clothing
4263:Western Xia
4253:Jurchen Jin
4235:Anglo-Saxon
4228:Middle Ages
4173:Han Chinese
3382:KΓΆhler 1963
3293:KΓΆhler 1963
3204:Condra 2008
2980:Favier 1998
2901:Yuan period
2686:Lord Duveen
2517:9 β 1496β97
2365:6th Dauphin
2305: 1401
2182: 1470
2004: 1435
1986: 1435
1956: 1425
1880:regulations
1779:Houppelande
1766:Ages of Man
1720:Houppelande
1605:farthingale
1548: 1490
1530: 1490
1512: 1490
1430: 1445
1392: 1468
1362: 1450
1344: 1445
1326: 1440
1267:decoration.
1186: 1499
961: 1460
943: 1460
925: 1460
907: 1455
860:Houppelande
834: 1410
727: 1410
556:farthingale
411: [
263:and in the
241:pomegranate
164:pomegranate
71:headdresses
4637:Categories
4320:Vietnamese
4278:400sβ1000s
4066:including
3928:1416761658
3876:Chapter 4
3858:Chapter 3
3490:Payne 1965
3409:Payne 1965
3397:Laver 1969
3368:, p.
3366:Payne 1965
3295:, p.
3253:, p.
3251:Payne 1965
3192:Payne 1965
3079:, p.
3077:Payne 1965
3065:Laver 1969
3053:Laver 1969
3039:, p.
3037:Payne 1965
3025:Laver 1969
2982:, p.
2839:, p.
2777:Payne 1965
2763:, p.
2722:References
2607:, 1496-97.
2596:gondoliers
2589:1475β1480.
2071:A chaperon
1821:courtesans
1705:embroidery
1699:, Spanish
1695:, Italian
1589:1476β1480.
1447:1465β1470.
1224:Long gowns
998:7 β ?1470s
827:This woman
662:Botticelli
552:hoop skirt
469:cotehardie
336:to German
333:Burgundian
277:artichokes
200:broadcloth
4484:1945β1960
4479:1930β1945
4441:Edwardian
4399:Victorian
4371:1795β1820
4366:1775β1795
4361:1750β1775
4356:1700β1750
4351:1650β1700
4346:1600β1650
4341:1550β1600
4336:1500β1550
4315:Tocharian
4240:Byzantine
3906:, Mainz:
2690:Pisanello
2623:Escoffion
2381:Young boy
2226:Back view
2129:1 β 1460s
2095:Back view
2065:Young man
1904:extra toe
1599:verdugado
1495:3 β 1470s
1145:5 β 1490s
1021:Boccaccio
675:poulaines
560:Catalonia
546:verdugado
538:verdugada
281:palmettes
190:sources,
168:artichoke
91:, c. 1470
88:Betrothal
75:feathered
4622:Swimwear
4586:Thailand
4244:Chinese
4210:Thracian
4195:Biblical
4185:Egyptian
4126:Timeline
4081:Archived
4035:Archived
3961:, 2011.
3593:(1987).
3566:, 1975,
3545:Archived
3443:Archived
2612:See also
2605:peasants
2593:Venetian
2571:Angelico
2505:8 β 1494
2469:5 β 1437
2457:4 β 1410
2445:3 β 1410
2433:2 β 1410
2369:herigaut
2342:4 β 1474
2330:3 β 1461
2219:8 β 1498
2207:7 β 1487
2195:6 β 1478
2048:The lord
2029:8 β 1442
2017:7 β 1440
1969:4 β 1433
1896:sabatons
1894:and the
1890:. Outer
1862:Footwear
1843:chaperon
1837:Headgear
1796:journade
1747:codpiece
1739:chausses
1731:breeches
1648:decades.
1628:chopines
1471:1 β 1470
1309:2 β 1423
1265:heraldic
1199:9 β 1497
1091:1 β 1480
1054:necklace
1050:carcanet
852:kruseler
764:6 β 1443
752:5 β 1439
740:4 β 1430
641:kruseler
618:liripipe
610:chaperon
587:crespine
571:plackard
351:married
318:Slashing
257:Valencia
245:Florence
127:Flanders
4310:Ottoman
4274:Europe
4270:English
4155:Ancient
3557:Sources
2583:Workman
2573:, 1437.
2567:Workmen
2375:Charles
2361:Charles
2282:, 1498.
1892:pattens
1845:. Felt
1790:giornea
1712:doublet
1697:camicia
1692:chemise
1440:turban.
1407:Italian
679:pattens
636:wimples
622:turbans
595:Γ cornΓ©
575:placket
529:partlet
521:giornea
505:camorra
501:gamurra
489:partlet
478:buttons
474:tippets
456:chemise
429:gamurra
423:over a
420:giornea
296:miniver
265:Ottoman
261:Seville
216:pigment
188:textile
178:. Fine
176:woolens
172:velvets
139:Antwerp
131:fabrics
4612:Corset
4607:Bikini
4305:Korean
4014:
3991:
3965:
3943:
3926:
3886:
3868:
3851:
3830:
3798:
3771:
3751:
3729:
3697:
3693:
3668:
3657:
3634:
3609:
3570:
3520:
3473:
3353:
3130:
3103:
3008:
2921:
2905:
2796:
2602:German
2280:tassel
2101:cioppa
1884:France
1868:Polish
1831:cloaks
1813:Venice
1784:cioppa
1727:braies
1701:camisa
1411:turban
1027:Ladies
821:ermine
629:hennin
509:cioppa
452:kirtle
425:kirtle
393:hennin
389:V-neck
312:Ermine
304:marten
288:lining
259:, and
253:Venice
209:indigo
135:Bruges
100:Trends
4579:Meiji
4574:Japan
4569:Italy
4541:2020s
4536:2010s
4531:2000s
4515:1990s
4510:1980s
4505:1970s
4500:1960s
4474:1920s
4451:1910s
4446:1900s
4434:1890s
4429:1880s
4424:1870s
4419:1860s
4414:1850s
4409:1840s
4404:1830s
4383:1820s
4298:1400s
4293:1300s
4288:1200s
4283:1100s
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4200:Greek
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4168:China
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325:Swiss
300:sable
269:Bursa
249:Genoa
237:wefts
192:linen
180:linen
166:- or
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4248:Liao
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