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Slip forming relies on the quick-setting properties of concrete, and requires a balance between workability and quick-setting capacity. Concrete needs to be workable enough to be placed into the form and consolidated (via vibration), yet quick-setting enough to emerge from the form with strength.
168:. James MacDonald, of MacDonald Engineering of Chicago was the pioneer in utilizing slip form concrete for construction. His concept of placing circular bins in clusters was patented, with photographs and illustrations, contained in a 1907 book, "The Design Of Walls, Bins, And Grain Elevators".
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In horizontal construction, such as roadways and curbs, the weight of the concrete, forms, and any associated machinery is borne by the ground. In vertical construction, such as bridges, towers, buildings, and dams, forms are raised hydraulically in increments, no faster than the most recently
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In 1910, MacDonald published a paper "Moving Forms for
Reinforced Concrete Storage Bins," describing the use of molds for moving forms, using jacks and concrete to form a continuous structure without joints or seams. This paper details the concept and procedure for creating slip form concrete
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Residential and commercial building also was introduced in the late 1960s in USA. One of Its first uses in high-rise buildings in the United States was on the shear wall supported apartment building at Turk & Eddy
Streets in San Francisco, CA, in 1962, built by the San Francisco office of
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From the 1950s, the vertical technique was adapted to mining head frames, ventilation structures, below grade shaft lining, and coal train loading silos; theme and communication tower construction; high rise office building cores; shear wall supported apartment buildings; tapered stacks and
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deep sea oil drilling platform which stands on the sea floor in water about 300 m (980 ft) deep, has an overall height of 472 m (1,549 ft) weighs 595,000 t (656,000 short tons), and has the distinction of being the tallest structure ever moved
244:, which was completed in 1965. Another unusual structure was the tapered buttress structures for the Sheraton Waikiki Hotel in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1969. Another shear wall supported structure was the Casa Del Mar Condominium on Key Biscayne, Miami, FL in 1970.
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This strength is needed because the freshly set concrete must not only permit the form to "slip" by the concrete without disturbing it, but also support the pressure of the new concrete and resist collapse caused by the vibration of the compaction machinery.
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James MacDonald’s bin and silo design was utilized around the world into the late 1970s by MacDonald
Engineering. In the 1947-1950 period, MacDonald Engineering constructed over 40 concrete towers using the slip-form method for
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the concrete form may be surrounded by a platform on which workers stand, placing steel reinforcing rods ahead of the concrete and ensuring a smooth pour. Together, the concrete form and working platform are raised by means of
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Slipforming enables continuous, non-interrupted, cast-in-place, cold joint- and seam-free concrete structures that have performance characteristics superior to those of piecewise construction using discrete form elements.
361:
James MacDonald - "Moving Forms for
Reinforced Concrete Storage Bins." Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Convention Held at N.Y., N.Y. Volume 7, By National Association of Cement Users (U.S.). December 12–20, 1910. page
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In addition to the typical silos and shear walls and cores in buildings, the system is used for lining underground shafts and surge tanks in hydroelectric generating facilities. The technique was utilized to build the
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for pavement, curbs, and traffic separation walls, concrete is laid down, vibrated, worked, and settled in place while the form itself slowly moves ahead. This method was initially devised and utilized in
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was constructed in 1961 by MacDonald
Engineering as a subcontractor, utilizing Macdonald’s concept of slip form concrete construction to build the 31 story reinforced steel tower.
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structures. On May 24, 1917, a patent was issued to James MacDonald of
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poured concrete can set and support the combined weight of the concrete, forms, and machinery, and the pressure of concrete consolidation.
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would be delivering buckets of concrete to the support cylinders during the continuous pour of concrete creating seamless walls.
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Official gazette of the United States Patent Office, By United States. Patent Office Volume CCXXXVII. April 24, 1917, page 943.
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350:"The Design Of Walls, Bins, And Grain Elevators". By Milo Smith Ketchum, The Engineering News Publishing Co.,1907, page 294.
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The technique was introduced to residential and commercial buildings already in the 1950s in Sweden. The
Swedish company
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developed in 1944 the first hydraulic hijacks to lift the forms, which got patented. The first houses were built in
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is placed into a form that may be in continuous motion horizontally, or incrementally raised vertically.
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Macdonald
Engineering. The first notable use of the method in a residential/retail business was the
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This article is about pouring concrete in moving forms. For another type of slip forming, see
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up to 58 m (190 ft) tall for microwave relay stations across the United States.
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Glidformsgjutning av betonghus, av civilingenjör Sven-Erik
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The slip forming technique was in use by the early 20th century for building silos and
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The
Concrete Microwave Towers of AT&T's First Transcontinental Radio Route>
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AT&T Long Lines relay tower in Indiana constructed with the slip-form method
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Slip-Form Construction Time Lapse - The Dalles, Oregon Retrieved 2014-04-22.
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The first residential building of slipform construction; erected in 1950 in
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construction initiated by the Eisenhower administration during the 1950s.
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Construction of tower for the LandMark Hotel/Casino, Las Vegas
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Slipforming of a 118 metre-tall grain silo in ZĂĽrich in 2015
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National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association
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Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering
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Later picture of the residential building in Västertorp
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MacDonald Engineering's slip form concrete grain silos
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324:"'Slip Forming' Technique Introduced in Baltimore."
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20:. For the manufacture of ceramic vessels, see
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65:is a construction method in which
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449:New York: CRC Press, 2008.
289:tower in London, England.
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138:Slipform monobox system
124:horizontal slip forming
103:gravity-based structure
101:Continuous slip formed
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1707:Earthquake engineering
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183:AT&T Long Lines
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341:, 2008, p. 10—34.
312:, 2008, p. 10—33.
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990:Organizations
988:
982:
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964:
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954:slab on grade
952:
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947:
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904:
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883:Self-leveling
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684:Cast-in-place
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586:
583:
581:
580:Reinforcement
578:
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19:
1970:Construction
1922:Urban design
1907:Stonemasonry
1819:Design–build
1762:Other topics
1753:Slip forming
1752:
1612:Architecture
1267:Site manager
1186:Construction
1181:Architecture
1134:Construction
966:Step barrier
927:Applications
838:Nanoconcrete
724:Power trowel
709:Power screed
699:Slip forming
698:
672:Construction
446:
440:Bibliography
427:
402:
391:
380:
369:
357:
346:
338:
333:
328:May 1, 1971.
325:
309:
263:
246:
238:Skylon Tower
234:
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123:
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84:
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71:
62:
58:
54:
51:Slip forming
50:
49:
22:slip casting
1866:Plasterwork
1856:Megaproject
1668:Engineering
1597:Site safety
1369:Steel fixer
1334:Electrician
1304:Boilermaker
1210:Professions
944:hollow-core
903:Waste light
898:Translucent
858:Prestressed
785:Segregation
770:Degradation
658:Cover meter
595:Silica fume
530:Composition
204:The former
1964:Categories
1883:Parge coat
1814:Demolition
1580:Regulation
1544:By country
1349:Millwright
1344:Ironworker
1309:Bricklayer
1043:Eurocode 2
981:Structures
868:Reinforced
828:Lunarcrete
808:AstroCrete
765:Durability
760:Properties
638:Slump test
610:Production
600:Metakaolin
293:References
277:, and the
226:Västertorp
118:Horizontal
111:jib cranes
33:Västertorp
1888:Roughcast
1354:Plasterer
1314:Carpenter
1217:Architect
1074:Hempcrete
1036:Standards
863:Ready-mix
780:Recycling
575:Aggregate
558:Rosendale
210:Las Vegas
1951:Category
1876:Proofing
1779:Millwork
1420:Build UK
1299:Banksman
1067:See also
1058:EN 10080
1053:EN 206-1
1048:EN 197-1
907:Aerated
848:Polished
843:Pervious
818:Filigree
714:Finisher
689:Formwork
553:Portland
484:Concrete
428:Slipform
279:CN Tower
143:Vertical
81:Overview
67:concrete
1943:Outline
1893:Harling
1726:Methods
1637:British
1566:Romania
1489:(NAWIC)
1438:(CIPHE)
1432:(CICES)
1359:Plumber
1339:Glazier
1174:History
1017:Nanocem
976:Columns
853:Polymer
753:Science
719:Grinder
679:Precast
585:Fly ash
492:History
283:Toronto
275:Ontario
271:Sudbury
254:Troll A
222:Bygging
160:History
37:Bygging
1602:Zoning
1525:(RICS)
1513:(NTCA)
1501:(NKBA)
1495:(NFPA)
1483:(NAHB)
1455:(CMAA)
1444:(CECA)
1416:(APHC)
1404:(ATAC)
1398:(ASCE)
1374:Welder
1364:Roofer
939:waffle
888:Sulfur
744:Tremie
739:Sealer
704:Screed
648:Curing
538:Cement
337:Nawy,
308:Nawy,
1620:Style
1561:Japan
1551:India
1531:(SBF)
1519:(RTA)
1507:(NRC)
1472:(HBF)
1465:FIDIC
1461:(CSI)
1410:(AGC)
1392:(AIC)
1141:Types
971:Roads
893:Tabby
800:Types
734:Float
663:Rebar
618:Plant
565:Water
259:towed
176:Silos
107:fjord
61:, or
1871:Damp
1829:DfMA
1733:List
1625:List
1556:Iran
1290:List
934:Slab
916:RAAC
833:Mass
823:Foam
729:Pump
362:554.
911:AAC
281:in
269:in
240:in
232:.
208:in
147:In
122:In
1966::
317:^
301:^
273:,
57:,
53:,
1292:)
1288:(
1126:e
1119:t
1112:v
476:e
469:t
462:v
257:(
24:.
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