75:
216:
31:
50:
268:, spending the day in deep water and the night in shallower water. One of the smallest shark species, the smalleye pygmy shark is known to reach only 22 cm (8.7 in) long. It has a blackish, spindle-shaped body with relatively small eyes, and a spine preceding the first
434:. There are 20–27 upper tooth rows and 18–23 lower tooth rows. The upper teeth are slender and upright. The larger, broader lower teeth have angled and knife-like cusps, and interlock to form a continuous cutting surface. The five pairs of
430:-shaped rather than nearly straight. The nostrils lack substantially expanded skin flaps in front. The mouth is nearly transverse and bears thin lips; a pair of papillae (nipple-like structures) is on the upper lip that is absent in
481:
are flattened and not toothed or elevated on stalks. This species is dark brown to black in color, becoming light towards the fin margins. Its underside is covered by
2557:
541:
304:
2583:
449:, but not the second. The spine is usually exposed in males and covered by skin in females. The tiny first dorsal fin originates about over the rear tip of the
414:
and has a bulbous, pointed snout. The eyes are relatively small, with their diameters measuring 43–66% as long as the snout (compared to 61–82% in
2663:
2531:
410:
Among the smallest of extant sharks, the smalleye pygmy shark attains a maximum recorded length of 22 cm (8.7 in). It is shaped like a
823:
2609:
739:
477:
is broad and triangular, with nearly symmetrical upper and lower lobes and a prominent notch in the trailing margin of the upper lobe. The
2505:
789:
2635:
2678:
349:
in scientific literature. Some authors questioned the validity of the species, and in 1977 Jeffrey Alan Seigel and colleagues
2673:
1192:
2288:
1201:
2479:
2466:
2340:
74:
2588:
1638:
816:
2129:
1995:
1911:
1602:
2367:
2349:
2270:
1854:
1611:
1548:
1503:
1442:
1401:
524:
as in other members of its family, with the young being born under 10 cm (3.9 in) long. Males attain
2191:
2182:
2070:
1887:
1539:
1485:
399:
339:
323:
The first known specimen of the smalleye pygmy shark was a female 18 cm (7.1 in) long, caught off
265:
2394:
2419:
2385:
2279:
1656:
1620:
1530:
1521:
1478:
1460:
1419:
1032:
981:
2484:
2037:
1674:
1647:
1512:
1451:
963:
945:
809:
521:
300:
189:
2457:
758:
Tanakamaru H.; Shibuya T. & Kubota T. (1999). "Some
Biological Aspects of the Spined Pygmy Shark,
2640:
2209:
2175:
2046:
1777:
1566:
1410:
1111:
1102:
540:
because of its small size, and has no economic value. This, coupled with its wide range, has led the
363:
2668:
2322:
2252:
1962:
1795:
1629:
1593:
1435:
999:
990:
972:
954:
594:
496:
Little is known of the natural history of the smalleye pygmy shark. It feeds primarily on midwater
39:
2331:
2004:
1845:
1804:
1786:
1683:
1665:
1584:
1575:
1557:
1494:
1428:
1258:
1183:
918:
671:
358:
350:
324:
69:
2562:
520:
by matching the downwelling light, a strategy known as "counter-illumination". Reproduction is
2622:
2492:
2313:
2120:
1944:
1863:
1707:
1698:
1469:
1355:
1295:
1286:
1050:
1041:
936:
785:
735:
427:
2627:
2306:
2297:
2234:
2225:
2200:
2138:
1971:
1373:
1346:
1337:
1023:
663:
589:
246:
2575:
2596:
2358:
2216:
2028:
1768:
1319:
1087:
1078:
782:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
525:
482:
478:
466:
378:
The smalleye pygmy shark appears to be widely distributed, but in patches, in the western
273:
215:
2471:
2376:
2261:
2079:
1953:
1935:
1878:
1364:
1310:
909:
886:
870:
864:
126:
116:
30:
2657:
2570:
2243:
2166:
1920:
1836:
1731:
1722:
1328:
1159:
1150:
580:
571:
545:
379:
332:
308:
59:
54:
2497:
2111:
1902:
1276:
1135:
1126:
927:
900:
833:
458:
453:. The second dorsal fin is long and low, and originates over the front half of the
450:
395:
242:
146:
622:
Report – Laboratory of
Fishery Biology, Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute
2544:
2451:
1822:
1225:
1216:
513:
470:
387:
257:
205:
2442:
801:
516:. The photophores on its underside may serve to camouflage its silhouette from
1749:
1388:
1240:
1068:
858:
485:
474:
454:
446:
423:
335:
276:
269:
249:
166:
156:
2510:
2097:
2019:
1986:
642:
Seigel, J.A.; T.W. Pietsch; B.H. Robison & T. Abe (November 25, 1977). "
616:
Teng H.T. (1959). "Studeis on the elasmobranch fishes from
Formosa. Pt. 4.
537:
509:
473:. Males have shorter abdomens and longer caudal peduncles than females. The
435:
402:, spending the day in deeper water and rising to shallower waters at night.
398:
near land, at depths of 150–2,000 m (490–6,560 ft). It conducts a
391:
312:
296:
261:
86:
2601:
461:
are short with rounded margins, and the pelvic fins are long and low. The
2518:
2436:
1759:
1174:
852:
764:
Journal of the
Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University
517:
462:
280:
106:
2523:
279:
occur on its underside, which may serve to disguise its silhouette from
2536:
2153:
675:
238:
2549:
2061:
1014:
846:
620:, a new species of deep sea squaloid shark from Tung-Kang, Formosa".
505:
328:
292:
96:
2413:
667:
784:. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. p. 108–109.
876:
501:
497:
411:
383:
288:
284:
253:
136:
2614:
252:, found in water 150–2,000 m (490–6,560 ft) deep near
2417:
805:
565:
563:
561:
345:
after a woman. The name subsequently came to be rendered as
445:
species are the only sharks that have a spine on the first
734:(second ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 104.
331:, on September 23, 1958. It was described by Taiwanese
311:, citing its wide distribution and lack of threat from
2426:
2151:
2109:
2096:
2059:
2017:
1984:
1933:
1900:
1876:
1834:
1821:
1757:
1748:
1720:
1696:
1386:
1308:
1284:
1275:
1238:
1214:
1172:
1148:
1124:
1100:
1076:
1067:
1012:
898:
885:
536:The smalleye pygmy shark is infrequently caught by
362:. In 1987, Kunio Sasaki and Teruya Uyeno performed
753:
751:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
687:
685:
366:comparisons and reaffirmed the distinctiveness of
394:. It inhabits the upper and middle layers of the
637:
635:
595:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41858A68643995.en
305:International Union for Conservation of Nature
817:
418:). The eyes of this species also differ from
8:
2414:
2106:
1831:
1754:
1281:
1073:
895:
824:
810:
802:
775:
773:
214:
48:
29:
20:
593:
382:, having been reported from off southern
650:, Synonyms of the Dwarf Deepsea Shark,
557:
730:Last, P.R. & J.D. Stevens (2009).
528:around 15 cm (5.9 in) long.
7:
2664:IUCN Red List least concern species
581:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
692:Sasaki K. & Uyeno T. (1987). "
14:
696:, a dalatiid shark distinct from
570:Kyne, P.M.; Heupel, M.R. (2015).
469:is thin and bears slight lateral
1193:South China cookiecutter shark (
73:
2289:Indonesian shortsnout spurdog (
1202:Largetooth cookiecutter shark (
702:Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
283:. This species feeds on small
223:Range of smalleye pygmy shark
1:
2341:Indonesian greeneye spurdog (
422:in that the upper rim of the
1639:Velvet belly lantern shark (
732:Sharks and Rays of Australia
2130:Southern mandarin dogfish (
1996:Smallmouth velvet dogfish (
1912:Largespine velvet dogfish (
1603:Dense-scale lantern shark (
762:, from Suruga Bay, Japan".
390:, and northern and eastern
2695:
2368:Western longnose spurdog (
2350:Western longnose spurdog (
2271:Eastern longnose spurdog (
1855:Shortnose velvet dogfish (
1612:West Indian lanternshark (
1549:Slendertail lanternshark (
1504:Broadbanded lanternshark (
1443:Cylindrical lanternshark (
1402:New Zealand lanternshark (
2192:Western highfin spurdog (
2183:Eastern highfin spurdog (
2071:Japanese velvet dogfish (
1888:Longnose velvet dogfish (
1540:Blackbelly lanternshark (
1486:Blackmouth lanternshark (
841:
780:Compagno, L.J.V. (1984).
266:migrates vertically daily
222:
213:
195:
188:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2386:Kermadec spiny dogfish (
2280:Northern spiny dogfish (
1657:Tasmanian lanternshark (
1621:Fringefin lanternshark (
1531:Smalleye lantern shark (
1522:Caribbean lanternshark (
1461:Combtooth lanternshark (
1420:Shorttail lanternshark (
1033:Rough longnose dogfish (
982:Leafscale gulper shark (
374:Distribution and habitat
2395:Spotted spiny dogfish (
2038:Pacific sleeper shark (
1675:Hawaiian lanternshark (
1648:Splendid lanternshark (
1513:Southern lanternshark (
1452:Tailspot lanternshark (
964:Smallfin gulper shark (
946:Blackfin gulper shark (
400:diel vertical migration
2679:Fish described in 1959
2047:Little sleeper shark (
1778:Caribbean roughshark (
1567:African lanternshark (
1411:Blurred lanternshark (
1250:Smalleye pygmy shark (
1112:Longnose pygmy shark (
438:are tiny and uniform.
272:, but not the second.
2674:Bioluminescent sharks
2323:Blacktailed spurdog (
1963:Sparsetooth dogfish (
1796:Japanese roughshark (
1630:Thorny lanternshark (
1594:Smooth lanternshark (
1000:Little gulper shark (
991:Mosaic gulper shark (
973:Taiwan gulper shark (
955:Lowfin gulper shark (
652:Squaliolus laticaudus
588:: e.T41858A68643995.
522:aplacental viviparous
301:aplacental viviparous
24:Smalleye pygmy shark
2332:Shortspine spurdog (
2005:Knifetooth dogfish (
1846:Portuguese dogfish (
1805:Sailfin roughshark (
1787:Angular roughshark (
1684:Green lanternshark (
1666:Brown lanternshark (
1585:False lanternshark (
1576:Great lanternshark (
1558:Dwarf lanternshark (
1495:Pygmy lanternshark (
1259:Spined pygmy shark (
1184:Cookiecutter shark (
919:Dwarf gulper shark (
237:) is a little-known
231:smalleye pygmy shark
2314:Shortnose spurdog (
2121:Roughskin spurdog (
1945:Whitetail dogfish (
1864:Roughskin dogfish (
1708:Rasptooth dogfish (
1587:E. pseudosqualiolus
1470:Pink lanternshark (
1356:Combtooth dogfish (
1296:Hooktooth dogfish (
1051:Longsnout dogfish (
1042:Arrowhead dogfish (
937:Dumb gulper shark (
644:Squaliolus sarmenti
492:Biology and ecology
307:has assessed it as
40:Conservation status
2298:Japanese spurdog (
2253:Edmund's spurdog (
2235:Fatspine spurdog (
2226:Greeneye spurdog (
2201:Longnose spurdog (
2139:Mandarin dogfish (
1972:Sherwood dogfish (
1374:Whitefin dogfish (
1347:Bareskin dogfish (
1338:Granular dogfish (
1024:Birdbeak dogfish (
532:Human interactions
338:, who gave it the
2651:
2650:
2623:Open Tree of Life
2420:Taxon identifiers
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2359:Bartail spurdog (
2217:Bighead spurdog (
2092:
2091:
2029:Greenland shark (
1817:
1816:
1769:Prickly dogfish (
1744:
1743:
1463:E. decacuspidatus
1320:Highfin dogfish (
1271:
1270:
1088:Taillight shark (
1063:
1062:
1053:D. quadrispinosum
921:C. atromarginatus
741:978-0-674-03411-2
227:
226:
63:
2686:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2630:
2618:
2617:
2605:
2604:
2592:
2591:
2579:
2578:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2552:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2500:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2474:
2472:Squaliolus_aliae
2462:
2461:
2460:
2458:Squaliolus aliae
2447:
2446:
2445:
2428:Squaliolus aliae
2415:
2377:Cyrano spurdog (
2262:Taiwan spurdog (
2160:
2107:
2103:
2102:(Dogfish sharks)
2080:Velvet dogfish (
2031:S. microcephalus
1954:Azores dogfish (
1857:C. cryptacanthus
1832:
1828:
1827:(Sleeper sharks)
1755:
1506:E. gracilispinis
1395:
1394:(Lantern sharks)
1365:Ornate dogfish (
1282:
1103:Heteroscymnoides
1079:Euprotomicroides
1074:
910:Needle dogfish (
896:
892:
826:
819:
812:
803:
796:
795:
777:
768:
767:
760:Squaliolus aliae
755:
746:
745:
727:
710:
709:
694:Squaliolus aliae
689:
680:
679:
639:
630:
629:
613:
607:
606:
604:
602:
597:
574:Squaliolus aliae
567:
479:dermal denticles
340:specific epithet
243:squaliform shark
235:Squaliolus aliae
218:
201:
199:Squaliolus aliae
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
16:Species of shark
2694:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2639:
2634:
2626:
2621:
2613:
2608:
2600:
2597:Observation.org
2595:
2587:
2582:
2574:
2569:
2561:
2556:
2548:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2509:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2422:
2412:
2403:
2361:S. notocaudatus
2244:Cuban dogfish (
2237:S. crassispinus
2211:S. brevirostris
2177:S. acutirostris
2167:Spiny dogfish (
2158:
2157:
2147:
2101:
2100:
2088:
2055:
2013:
1980:
1929:
1921:Plunket shark (
1914:P. macracanthus
1896:
1872:
1826:
1825:
1813:
1740:
1732:Viper dogfish (
1716:
1692:
1659:E. tasmaniensis
1454:E. caudistigmus
1393:
1392:
1382:
1329:Black dogfish (
1304:
1267:
1234:
1210:
1186:I. brasiliensis
1168:
1160:Kitefin shark (
1144:
1120:
1096:
1090:E. zantedeschia
1059:
1008:
891:(Gulper sharks)
890:
889:
881:
837:
830:
800:
799:
792:
779:
778:
771:
757:
756:
749:
742:
729:
728:
713:
691:
690:
683:
668:10.2307/1443196
641:
640:
633:
618:Squaliolus alii
615:
614:
610:
600:
598:
569:
568:
559:
554:
534:
526:sexual maturity
494:
483:light-producing
467:caudal peduncle
465:is absent. The
408:
376:
321:
209:
203:
197:
184:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2632:
2619:
2606:
2593:
2580:
2567:
2554:
2541:
2528:
2515:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2463:
2448:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2228:S. chloroculus
2223:
2214:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2104:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:Z. squamulosus
2077:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1936:Scymnodalatias
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1879:Centroselachus
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1723:Trigonognathus
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1480:E. dislineatus
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1311:Centroscyllium
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1136:Pocket shark (
1132:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1044:D. profundorum
1039:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
997:
993:C. tessellatus
988:
979:
970:
966:C. moluccensis
961:
957:C. lusitanicus
952:
943:
934:
928:Gulper shark (
925:
916:
906:
904:
893:
887:Centrophoridae
883:
882:
880:
879:
873:
871:Elasmobranchii
867:
865:Chondrichthyes
861:
855:
849:
842:
839:
838:
831:
829:
828:
821:
814:
806:
798:
797:
790:
769:
747:
740:
711:
681:
662:(4): 788–791.
631:
608:
556:
555:
553:
550:
544:to list it as
533:
530:
493:
490:
407:
404:
375:
372:
320:
317:
274:Bioluminescent
225:
224:
220:
219:
211:
210:
204:
193:
192:
186:
185:
178:
176:
172:
171:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
127:Elasmobranchii
124:
120:
119:
117:Chondrichthyes
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2691:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2388:S. raoulensis
2384:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2343:S. montalbani
2339:
2337:
2335:
2334:S. mitsukurii
2330:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2291:S. hemipinnis
2287:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2219:S. bucephalus
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2203:S. blainville
2199:
2197:
2195:
2194:S. altipinnis
2190:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1890:C. crepidater
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1848:C. coelolepis
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1837:Centroscymnus
1833:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1780:O. caribbaeus
1776:
1774:
1772:
1771:O. bruniensis
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1650:E. splendidus
1646:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1605:E. pycnolepis
1601:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1515:E. granulosus
1511:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1422:E. brachyurus
1418:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1340:C. granulatum
1336:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1261:S. laticaudus
1257:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1228:E. bispinatus
1226:Pygmy shark (
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1217:Euprotomicrus
1213:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1035:D. hystricosa
1031:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
998:
996:
994:
989:
987:
985:
980:
978:
976:
971:
969:
967:
962:
960:
958:
953:
951:
949:
944:
942:
940:
939:C. harrissoni
935:
933:
931:
930:C. granulosus
926:
924:
922:
917:
915:
913:
908:
907:
905:
903:
902:
897:
894:
888:
884:
878:
874:
872:
868:
866:
862:
860:
856:
854:
850:
848:
844:
843:
840:
835:
834:dogfish shark
827:
822:
820:
815:
813:
808:
807:
804:
793:
791:92-5-101384-5
787:
783:
776:
774:
770:
765:
761:
754:
752:
748:
743:
737:
733:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
712:
708:(3): 373–376.
707:
703:
699:
698:S. laticaudus
695:
688:
686:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
636:
632:
627:
623:
619:
612:
609:
596:
591:
587:
583:
582:
577:
575:
566:
564:
562:
558:
551:
549:
547:
546:Least Concern
543:
539:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
491:
489:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:pectoral fins
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
432:S. laticaudus
429:
425:
421:
420:S. laticaudus
417:
416:S. laticaudus
413:
405:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Pacific Ocean
373:
371:
369:
365:
364:morphological
361:
360:
359:S. laticaudus
355:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
334:
333:ichthyologist
330:
326:
318:
316:
314:
310:
309:Least Concern
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
221:
217:
212:
207:
202:
200:
194:
191:
190:Binomial name
187:
183:
182:
181:S. aliae
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:Selachimorpha
135:
133:Subdivision:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2427:
2396:
2387:
2379:S. rancureli
2378:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2325:S. melanurus
2324:
2315:
2307:
2300:S. japonicus
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2193:
2185:S. albifrons
2184:
2176:
2169:S. acanthias
2168:
2152:
2140:
2132:C. australis
2131:
2122:
2112:Cirrhigaleus
2110:
2081:
2073:Z. ichiharai
2072:
2060:
2049:S. rostratus
2048:
2040:S. pacificus
2039:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1997:
1985:
1974:S. sherwoodi
1973:
1964:
1955:
1947:S. albicauda
1946:
1934:
1922:
1913:
1903:Proscymnodon
1901:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1835:
1807:O. paradoxus
1806:
1798:O. japonicus
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1758:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1699:Miroscyllium
1697:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1533:E. litvinovi
1532:
1524:E. hillianus
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1462:
1453:
1444:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1387:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1349:C. kamoharai
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1277:Etmopteridae
1260:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1013:
1001:
992:
984:C. squamosus
983:
974:
965:
956:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
901:Centrophorus
899:
875:Subdivision
781:
766:(48): 51–67.
763:
759:
731:
705:
701:
697:
693:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
625:
621:
617:
611:
599:. Retrieved
585:
579:
573:
535:
508:, and small
495:
451:pectoral fin
442:
440:
431:
419:
415:
409:
396:water column
377:
367:
357:
353:
346:
342:
322:
234:
230:
228:
198:
196:
180:
179:
167:
147:Squaliformes
18:
2545:iNaturalist
2452:Wikispecies
2397:S. suckleyi
2316:S. megalops
2308:S. lalannei
2282:s. griffini
2264:S. formosus
2255:S. edmundsi
2246:S. cubensis
2141:C. barbifer
1998:S. obscurus
1965:S. oligodon
1956:S. garricki
1923:P. plunketi
1823:Somniosidae
1789:O. centrina
1677:E. villosus
1668:E. unicolor
1632:E. sentosus
1623:E. schultzi
1596:E. pusillus
1578:E. princeps
1472:E. dianthus
1437:E. burgessi
1413:E. bigelowi
1331:C. fabricii
1322:C. excelsum
1204:I. plutodus
1195:I. labialis
1127:Mollisquama
975:C. niaukang
601:13 November
514:lanternfish
510:bony fishes
486:photophores
457:bases. The
406:Description
388:Philippines
351:synonymized
336:Teng Huo-Tu
297:bony fishes
277:photophores
258:Philippines
2669:Squaliolus
2658:Categories
2370:S. nasutus
2352:S. nasutus
2273:S. grahami
2159:(Spurdogs)
2007:S. ringens
1866:C. owstoni
1750:Oxynotidae
1734:T. kabeyai
1710:M. sheikoi
1614:E. robinsi
1551:E. molleri
1542:E. lucifer
1445:E. carteri
1430:E. bullisi
1404:E. baxteri
1389:Etmopterus
1376:C. ritteri
1367:C. ornatum
1241:Squaliolus
1114:H. marleyi
1069:Dalatiidae
859:Vertebrata
857:Subphylum
552:References
475:caudal fin
455:pelvic fin
447:dorsal fin
443:Squaliolus
436:gill slits
424:eye socket
270:dorsal fin
250:Dalatiidae
168:Squaliolus
157:Dalatiidae
123:Subclass:
2098:Squalidae
2020:Somniosus
1987:Scymnodon
1686:E. virens
1641:E. spinax
1560:E. perryi
1488:E. evansi
1358:C. nigrum
1138:M. parini
1026:D. calcea
948:C. isodon
869:Subclass
538:fisheries
518:predators
392:Australia
313:fisheries
281:predators
262:Australia
175:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2563:11353528
2519:FishBase
2443:Q3277595
2437:Wikidata
2123:C. asper
1760:Oxynotus
1569:E. polli
1497:E. fusus
1298:A. nigra
1287:Aculeola
1252:S. aliae
1175:Isistius
1162:D. licha
1151:Dalatias
1002:C. uyato
877:Selachii
853:Chordata
847:Animalia
845:Kingdom
512:such as
463:anal fin
441:The two
368:S. aliae
354:S. aliae
325:Donggang
319:Taxonomy
299:. It is
153:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2537:2420900
2154:Squalus
912:C. acus
851:Phylum
836:species
832:Extant
676:1443196
648:S. alii
506:shrimps
428:chevron
245:in the
239:species
163:Genus:
143:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2641:271655
2628:956130
2615:271655
2602:805754
2589:862904
2550:112995
2511:122824
2062:Zameus
1015:Deania
863:Class
788:
738:
674:
656:Copeia
628:: 1–6.
386:, the
329:Taiwan
303:. The
295:, and
293:shrimp
260:, and
256:, the
247:family
208:, 1959
2636:WoRMS
2576:41858
2558:IRMNG
2524:27208
2506:EUNIS
2498:6ZF3P
2485:91595
672:JSTOR
502:krill
498:squid
471:keels
412:cigar
384:Japan
356:with
347:aliae
289:krill
285:squid
264:. It
254:Japan
2610:OBIS
2584:NCBI
2571:IUCN
2532:GBIF
2480:BOLD
786:ISBN
736:ISBN
660:1977
646:and
603:2021
586:2015
542:IUCN
343:alii
229:The
206:Teng
2493:CoL
2467:AFD
700:".
664:doi
654:".
590:doi
426:is
241:of
2660::
2638::
2625::
2612::
2599::
2586::
2573::
2560::
2547::
2534::
2521::
2508::
2495::
2482::
2469::
2454::
2439::
772:^
750:^
714:^
706:34
704:.
684:^
670:.
658:.
634:^
624:.
584:.
578:.
560:^
548:.
504:,
500:,
488:.
370:.
327:,
315:.
291:,
287:,
2399:)
2390:)
2381:)
2372:)
2363:)
2354:)
2345:)
2336:)
2327:)
2318:)
2302:)
2293:)
2284:)
2275:)
2266:)
2257:)
2248:)
2239:)
2230:)
2221:)
2205:)
2196:)
2187:)
2171:)
2143:)
2134:)
2125:)
2084:)
2075:)
2051:)
2042:)
2033:)
2009:)
2000:)
1976:)
1967:)
1958:)
1949:)
1925:)
1916:)
1892:)
1868:)
1859:)
1850:)
1809:)
1800:)
1791:)
1782:)
1773:)
1736:)
1712:)
1688:)
1679:)
1670:)
1661:)
1652:)
1643:)
1634:)
1625:)
1616:)
1607:)
1598:)
1589:)
1580:)
1571:)
1562:)
1553:)
1544:)
1535:)
1526:)
1517:)
1508:)
1499:)
1490:)
1474:)
1465:)
1456:)
1447:)
1424:)
1415:)
1406:)
1378:)
1369:)
1360:)
1351:)
1342:)
1333:)
1324:)
1300:)
1263:)
1254:)
1230:)
1206:)
1197:)
1188:)
1164:)
1140:)
1116:)
1092:)
1055:)
1046:)
1037:)
1028:)
1004:)
995:)
986:)
977:)
968:)
959:)
950:)
941:)
932:)
923:)
914:)
825:e
818:t
811:v
794:.
744:.
678:.
666::
626:8
605:.
592::
576:"
572:"
233:(
62:)
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