Smedley Butler - Knowledge (XXG)

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that he was being too aggressive in his tactics and resented the reductions in their civil rights, such as the stopping of citizens at the city checkpoints. Butler frequently swore in his radio addresses, causing many citizens to suggest that his behavior, and particularly his language, was inappropriate for someone of his rank and stature. Some even suggested that Butler was acting like a military dictator, even charging that he wrongfully used active-duty Marines in some of his raids. Maj. R.A. Haynes, the federal prohibition commissioner, visited the city in 1924, six months after Butler was appointed. He announced that "great progress" had been made in the city, and he attributed that success to Butler.

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Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. Brigadier General Butler commanded with ability and energy Pontanezen Camp at Brest during the time in which it has developed into the largest embarkation camp in the world. Confronted with problems of extraordinary magnitude in supervising the reception, entertainment and departure of the large numbers of officers and soldiers passing through this camp, he has solved all with conspicuous success, performing services of the highest character for the American Expeditionary Forces.

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organized, trained and commanded the 13th Regiment Marines; also the 5th Brigade of Marines. He commanded with ability and energy Camp Pontanezen at Brest during the time in which it has developed into the largest embarkation camp in the world. Confronted with problems of extraordinary magnitude in supervising the reception, entertainment and departure of large numbers of officers and soldiers passing through the camp, he has solved all with conspicuous success, performing services of the highest character for the American Expeditionary Forces.

1831: 1363: 1452:", marched on Washington to advocate the passage of the "soldier's bonus" for service during World War I. After Congress adjourned, bonus marchers remained in the city and became unruly. On July 28, 1932, two bonus marchers were shot by police, causing the entire mob to become hostile and riotous. The FBI, then known as the United States Bureau of Investigation, checked its fingerprint records to obtain the police records of individuals who had been arrested during the riots or who had participated in the bonus march. 1283:). While there, he cleverly parlayed his influence among various generals and warlords to the protection of U.S. interests, ultimately winning the public acclaim of contending Chinese leaders. When he returned to the United States in 1929 he was promoted to major general, becoming, at age 48, the youngest major general of the Marine Corps. But, the death of his father on May 26, 1928, ended the Pennsylvania Congressman's ability to protect Smedley from political retribution for his outspoken views. 1736: 1791: 1784: 1777: 639: 1349:, garnered support in the Senate and flooded Secretary of the Navy Charles Adams' desk with more than 2,500 letters of support. With the recent death of his influential father, however, Butler had lost much of his protection from his civilian superiors. The outspokenness that characterized his run-ins with the mayor of Philadelphia, the "unreliability" mentioned by his superiors when they were opposing Butler's posting to the Western Front, and his comments about 1882: 1700: 1382:. He began lecturing at events and conferences, and after his retirement from the Marines in 1931 he took this up full time. He donated much of his earnings from his lucrative lecture circuits to the Philadelphia unemployment relief. He toured the western United States, making 60 speeches before returning for his daughter's marriage to Marine aviator Lt. John Wehle. Her wedding was the only time he wore his dress blue uniform after he left the Marines. 5049: 5073: 1678: 1741: 1858: 5061: 1692:, where he lived with his wife. In June 1940, he checked himself into the hospital after becoming sick a few weeks earlier. His doctor described his illness as an incurable condition of the upper gastro-intestinal tract that was probably cancer. His family remained by his side, even bringing his new car so he could see it from the window. He never had a chance to drive it. On June 21, 1940, Smedley Butler died at 1642:, was to be installed as dictator, and that the J.P. Morgan banking firm was behind the plot. Butler told Congress that MacGuire had told him the attempted coup was backed by three million dollars, and that the 500,000 men were probably to be assembled in Washington, D.C. the following year. All the parties alleged to be involved publicly said there was no truth in the story, calling it a joke and a fantasy. 898:

search, they located weapons in use by the Mexican army and determined the size of units and states of readiness. They updated maps and verified the railroad lines for use in an impending U.S. invasion. On March 7, 1914, he returned to Veracruz with the information he had gathered and presented it to his commanders. The invasion plan was eventually scrapped, when authorities loyal to Mexican General

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resistance. By April 26, the landing force of 5,800 Marines and sailors secured the city, which they held for the next six months. By the end of the conflict, the Americans reported 17 dead and 63 wounded; the Mexican forces had 126 dead and 195 wounded. After the actions at Veracruz, the U.S. decided to minimize the bloodshed and changed their plans from a full invasion of Mexico to simply

1448:. The problem was that the certificates (like bonds), matured 20 years from the date of original issuance, thus, under extant law, the Service Certificates could not be redeemed until 1945. In June 1932, approximately 43,000 marchers, including 17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups, protested in Washington, D.C. The Bonus Expeditionary Force, also known as the " 5118: 1000:

detachments of Marines gradually closed in on the old French bastion fort in an effort to cut off all avenues of retreat for the Cacos. Reaching the fort on the southern side where there was a small opening in the wall, Major Butler gave the signal to attack and Marines from the 15th Company poured through the breach, engaged the Cacos, took the bastion, and crushed the Cacos resistance.

967:, the Marines maintained their perimeter throughout the night. The next morning, they charged the much-larger enemy force by breaking out in three directions. The startled Haitians fled. In early November, Butler and a force of 700 Marines and sailors returned to the mountains to clear the area. At their temporary headquarters base at Le Trou, they fought off an attack by about 100 1575: 4981: 33: 5101: 1207:, as well as on drinking establishments that served the working class. Although he was effective in reducing crime and police corruption, he was a controversial leader. In one instance, he made a statement that he would promote the first officer to kill a bandit and stated, "I don't believe there is a single bandit notch on a policeman's guns [ 4119: 4103: 700:. This company had significant financial stakes in the production of bananas, tobacco, sugar cane, and other products throughout the Caribbean, Central America, and the northern portions of South America. The U.S. was also trying to advance its own political interests by maintaining its influence in the region and especially its control of the 1199:, ordering that they be padlocked and destroyed in many cases. In addition to raiding the speakeasies, he also attempted to eliminate other illegal activities, including bootlegging, prostitution, gambling, and police corruption. More zealous than he was political, he ordered crackdowns on the social elite's favorite hangouts, such as the 1460:

right to lobby Congress just as much as any corporation. He and his son spent the night and ate with the men, and in the morning Butler gave a speech to the camping veterans. He instructed them to keep their sense of humor and cautioned them not to do anything that would cost public sympathy. On July 28, army cavalry units led by General

3374:(p.1) ...Vanderbilt's story of the Mussolini incident was as follows: I was riding with Mussolini, who drove. A small child ran in front of the machine at a sharp turn in the run and was hit. I looked back to see if the child was hurt. Mussolini put his hand on my knee and said 'Never look back, Vanderbilt, always look ahead in life.' 658:, during which he saw the mutilated remains of Japanese soldiers. When he saw another Marine officer fall wounded, he climbed out of a trench to rescue him. Butler was then shot in the thigh. Another Marine helped him get to safety, but he was also shot. Despite his leg wound, Butler assisted the wounded officer to the rear. Four 5037: 1151:. At Quantico, he transformed the wartime training camp into a permanent Marine post. He directed the Quantico camp's growth until it became the "showplace" of the Corps. Butler won national attention by taking thousands of his men on long field marches (many of which he led from the front) to Gettysburg and other 1459:

bill, was decisively defeated, but the veterans stayed in their camp. On July 19, Butler arrived with his young son Thomas, the day before the official eviction by the Hoover administration. He walked through the camp and spoke to the veterans; he told them that they were fine soldiers and they had a

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Eventually, Butler's leadership style and the directness of actions undermined his support within the community, so his departure seemed imminent. Mayor Kendrick reported to the press, "I had the guts to bring General Butler to Philadelphia and I have the guts to fire him." Feeling that his duties in

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and armored police cars. The press began reporting on both the good and the bad aspects of Butler's personal war on crime. They praised the new uniforms, the new programs, and the reductions in crime, but they also reflected the public's negative opinion of their new public safety director. Many felt

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was buried nearby, to which he replied, "Bosh! I will take a squad of Marines and dig up that spot to prove you wrong!" Butler found the arm in a box. He later replaced the wooden box with a metal one and reburied the arm. He left a plaque on the granite monument marking the burial place of Jackson's

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The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Distinguished Service Medal to Brigadier General Smedley Darlington Butler, United States Marine Corps, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services in France, during World War I. Brigadier General Butler

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was wounded. Butler briefly panicked, but he quickly regained his composure and led his Marines in pursuit of the fleeing enemy. By noon, the Marines had dispersed the native defenders and taken the town. One Marine had been killed, 10 were wounded, and another 50 had been incapacitated by the humid

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said the committee "purported to report that a two-month investigation had convinced it that General Butler's story of a Fascist march on Washington was alarmingly true" and "... also alleged that definite proof had been found that the much publicized Fascist march on Washington, which was to have

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of crime and corruption. At the urging of Butler's father, Coolidge authorized Butler to take the necessary leave from the Corps to serve as Philadelphia's director of public safety, in charge of running the city's police and fire departments from January 1924 until December 1925. He began his new

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in hand-to-hand combat. Butler and the Marines took the rebel stronghold on November 17, 1915, an action for which he received his second Medal of Honor, as well as the Haitian Medal of Honor. The entire battle lasted less than 20 minutes. Reportedly, only one Marine was injured in the assault; he

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The Secretary of the Navy takes pleasure in transmitting to First Lieutenant Smedley Darlington Butler, United States Marine Corps, the Brevet Medal which is awarded in accordance with Marine Corps Order No. 26 (1921), for distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy while

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In its report to the House, the committee stated that, while "no evidence was presented... to show a connection... with any fascist activity of any European country... here was no question that these attempts were discussed, were planned, and might have been placed in execution..." and that "your

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In November 1934, Butler told the committee that one Gerald P. MacGuire told him that a group of businessmen, supposedly backed by a private army of 500,000 ex-soldiers and others, intended to establish a fascist dictatorship. Butler had been asked to lead it, he said, by MacGuire, who was a bond

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The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Brigadier General Smedley Darlington Butler, United States Marine Corps, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the

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He and the chief railroad inspector scoured the city, saying that they were searching for a lost railroad employee; there was no lost employee, and in fact, the employee who they said was lost never existed. The ruse gave Butler access to various areas of the city. In the process of the so-called

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and Honduran government soldiers at a local fort. At the sight of the Marines, the fighting ceased, and Butler led a detachment of Marines to the American consulate, where he found the consul, wrapped in an American flag, hiding among the floor beams. As soon as the Marines left the area with the

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and prepared his family and his belongings for the new assignment. In light of his pending departure, he began to defy the mayor and other key city officials. On the eve of his departure, he had an article printed in the paper that stated his intention to stay and "finish the job". The mayor was

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would receive the Medal of Honor in the battle. Butler's commanding officer, Major Waller, personally commended him and wrote that "for such reward as you may deem proper the following officers: Lieutenant Smedley D. Butler, for the admirable control of his men in all the fights of the week, for

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After the occupation of Veracruz, an unusually high number of U.S. military personnel received the Medal of Honor. The Army presented one, nine went to Marines, and 46 were bestowed upon naval personnel. During World War I, Butler attempted to return his medal, explaining he had done nothing to

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in shifts to introduce himself and inform them that things would change while he was in charge. Since he had not been given authority to fire corrupt police officers, he switched entire units from one part of the city to another, in order to undermine local protection rackets and profiteering.

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and back". A purpose of the trip was to allow Butler and Fletcher to discuss the details of a future expedition into Mexico. Fletcher's plan required Butler to make his way into the country and develop a more-detailed invasion plan while inside its borders. It was a spy mission, and Butler was

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Among his many accomplishments as the director of public safety, he implemented programs to improve city safety and security, established policies and guidelines for the administration, and developed a Philadelphia police uniform that resembled that of the Marine Corps. Other changes included

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discovered that an arms shipment was about to arrive in Mexico, he sent a contingent of Marines and sailors to Veracruz to intercept it on April 21, 1914. Over the next few days, street fighting and sniper fire posed a threat to Butler's force, but a door-to-door search rooted out most of the

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For extraordinary heroism in action as Commanding Officer of detachments from the 5th, 13th, 23d Companies and the Marine and sailor detachment from the U.S.S. Connecticut, Major Butler led the attack on Fort Rivière, Haiti, 17 November 1915. Following a concentrated drive, several different

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regimes were being founded at the time. The individuals involved all denied the existence of such a plot and the media ridiculed Gen. Butler's allegations, but a final report following an investigation by a special House of Representatives Committee confirmed at least some of his testimony.

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enthusiastic to get started. When Fletcher explained the plan to the commanders in Washington, DC, they agreed to it. Butler was given the go-ahead. A few days later, he set out by train on his spy mission to Mexico City, with a stopover at Puebla. He made his way to the U.S. Consulate in

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Butler devoted much of his second year to executing arrest warrants, cracking down on crooked police, and enforcing prohibition. On January 1, 1926, his leave from the Marine Corps ended, and the president declined a request for a second extension. Butler received orders to report to

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Philadelphia were coming to an end, Butler contacted Gen. Lejeune to prepare for his return to the Marine Corps. Not all of the citizens felt that Butler was doing a bad job, though, and when the news started to leak that he would be leaving, people began to gather at the

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What makes me mad is that the whole revolution is inspired and financed by Americans who have wild cat investments down here and want to make them good by putting in a Government which will declare a monopoly in their favor . . . The whole business is rotten to the

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For distinguished conduct in battle, engagement of Vera Cruz, 22 April 1914. Major Butler was eminent and conspicuous in command of his battalion. He exhibited courage and skill in leading his men through the action of the 22d and in the final occupation of the

780:, on June 30, 1905. His best man at the wedding was his former commanding officer in China, Lieutenant Colonel Littleton Waller. The couple eventually had three children, a daughter, Ethel Peters Butler, and two sons, Smedley Darlington Jr. and Thomas Richard. 1247:

surprised and furious when he read the press release the next morning and demanded Butler's resignation. After almost two years in office, Butler resigned under pressure, stating later that "cleaning up Philadelphia was worse than any battle I was ever in."

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was actually contemplated. Historians have not reported any independent evidence apart from Butler's report on what MacGuire told him. One of these, Hans Schmidt, says MacGuire was an "inconsequential trickster". The news media dismissed the plot, with a

1008:(the native police force), Butler established a record as a capable administrator. Under his supervision, social order, administered by the dictatorship, was largely restored. He recalled later that during his time in Haiti, he and his troops "hunted the 1646:

committee was able to verify all the pertinent statements made by General Butler, with the exception of the direct statement about the creation of the organization. This, however, was corroborated in the correspondence of MacGuire with his principal,

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motivations for U.S. foreign policy and wars (including multiple wars in which he had fought). After retiring from the service, he became a populist advocate, speaking at meetings organized by veterans, pacifists, and church groups in the 1930s.

1715:. His modest gravestone is located in Section B-1 (see site map). After his death, his family maintained his home as it was when he died, including a large quantity of memorabilia he collected throughout his storied career, until 2014. 982:, about 100 men. They encircled the fort and gradually closed in on it. Butler reached the fort from the southern side with the 15th Company and found a small opening in the wall. The Marines entered through the opening and engaged the 1495:

of 1933, called on veterans to organize politically to win their benefits, and condemned the FDR administration for its ties to big business. The VFW reprinted one of his speeches with the title "You Got to Get Mad" in its magazine

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resurfaced. In the end the position of commandant went to Fuller, who had more years of commissioned service than Butler and was considered less controversial. Butler requested retirement and left active duty on October 1, 1931.

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families. He became captain of the school baseball team and quarterback of its football team. Against the wishes of his father, he left school 38 days before his seventeenth birthday to enlist in the Marine Corps during the

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as more evidence of Mussolini's road mayhem began to surface...Il Duce's American passenger came forward to corroborate the story. He turned out to be globe-trotting newspaperman and son of fortune Cornelius Vanderbilt,

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to report on the camp. She later described how Butler tackled the sanitation problems. He began by solving the problem of mud. "he ground under the tents was nothing but mud, he had raided the wharf at Brest of the

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administrations. Smedley's Marine Corps career successes occurred while his father held that politically influential Congressional seat, controlling the Marine Corps manpower and budget. His maternal grandfather was

5205: 5235: 5300: 596:, Philippines. On garrison duty with little to do, Butler turned to alcohol to relieve the boredom. He once became drunk and was temporarily relieved of command after an unspecified incident in his room. 787:

after his isolated outpost ran out of rations. In 1908, he was diagnosed as having a nervous breakdown and received nine months sick leave, which he spent at home. He successfully managed a coal mine in

862:, to monitor a revolutionary movement. He did not like leaving his family and the home they had established in Panama, so he intended to request orders home as soon as he determined he was not needed. 663:

saving a wounded man at the risk of his own life, and under a very severe fire." Commissioned officers were not then eligible to receive the Medal of Honor, and Butler instead received a promotion to

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died July 8, 1930, Butler, at that time the senior major general in the Corps, was a candidate for the position. Although he had significant support from many inside and outside the Corps, including

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Franklin D. Roosevelt, who recommended the award, based on Butler's performance during the engagement. Once the medal was approved and presented in 1917, Butler achieved the distinction, shared with

5315: 5265: 748:. In a letter home, he describes the action: they were "prepared to land and shoot everybody and everything that was breaking the peace", but instead found a quiet town. The Marines re-boarded the 732:. Hearing rumors of a Honduran revolt, the United States government ordered his unit and a supporting naval detachment to sail to Honduras, 1,500 miles (2,414 km) to the west, to defend the 5305: 5200: 526:. Haverford awarded him his high school diploma, nevertheless, on June 6, 1898, before the end of his final year. His transcript stated that he completed the scientific course "with Credit". 4876:. Crumley, Beth L. (Illustration Editor), Charles J. Ziga (Design) (Beaux Arts ed.). Printed in China: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, Inc. pp. 135, 146–9, 151, 154–5, 165–6, 216–7. 1707:

The funeral was held at his home, attended by friends and family as well as several politicians, members of the Philadelphia police force, and officers of the Marine Corps. He was buried at

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serving with the Second Battalion of Marines, near Tientsin, China, on 13 July 1900. On 28 March 1901, First Lieutenant Butler is appointed Captain by brevet, to take rank from 13 July 1900.

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dispersed the Bonus Army by riding through it and using gas. During the conflict several veterans were killed or injured. Butler declared himself a "Hoover-for-Ex-President-Republican".

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him. Butler became the first general officer to be placed under arrest since the Civil War. He apologized to Secretary Adams and the court-martial was canceled with only a reprimand.

619:, he was allowed to select five officers to take with him. Butler was amongst his choices. Before they had departed, their orders were changed, and they were sent to China aboard the 2084:, was named in his honor in 1942. This vessel participated in the European and Pacific theaters of operations during the Second World War. She was later converted to a high speed 1085:

no longer needed for the trenches, carted the first one himself up that four-mile hill to the camp, and thus provided something in the way of protection for the men to sleep on."

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in 1934. After his retirement, Butler became an outspoken critic of the United States' business interests in the Caribbean, criticizing the ways in which American businesses and

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been led by Major Gen. Smedley D. Butler, retired, according to testimony at a hearing, was actually contemplated". The individuals involved all denied the existence of a plot.

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Butler and his family were living in Panama in January 1914, when he was ordered to report as the Marine officer of a battleship squadron massing off the coast of Mexico, near

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Eye". It was attributed to his feverish, bloodshot eyes (he was suffering from some unnamed tropical fever at the time) that enhanced his penetrating and bellicose stare.

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His father was a lawyer, a judge, and later served in the House of Representatives for 31 years, serving as chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee during the

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During his Senate campaign, Butler spoke out forcefully about the veterans' bonus. Veterans of World War I, many of whom had been out of work since the beginning of the

873:) "went ashore at Veracruz, where they met the American superintendent of the Inter-Oceanic Railway and surreptitiously rode in his private car up the line 75 miles to 3409:

disgusted to find an American engineer hiding in the basement with the women and children... 'Do you know who that man was?' Butler asked his visitor. 'Herbert Hoover.'

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was controlled by banking interests. On December 8, 1933, he said: "I have never known one leader of the American Legion who had never sold them out—and I mean it."

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After the Honduran campaign, Butler returned to Philadelphia. He married Ethel Conway Peters of Philadelphia, a daughter of civil engineer and railroad executive

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in which the dictator allegedly struck and killed a child with his speeding automobile in a hit-and-run accident. The Italian government protested and President

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Butler participated in a series of occupations, "police actions", and interventions by the United States in Central America and the Caribbean, later called the

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Strecker, 2011, p. 24. Strecker lists June 23, but his account mistakenly substitutes June for July in several instances. July 23 fits the dated events of the

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authorized a duckboard shoulder patch for the units. This earned Butler another nickname: "Old Duckboard." For his exemplary service, he was awarded both the

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shaken consul, the battle resumed, and the Bonillistas soon controlled the government. During this expedition, Butler earned the first of his nicknames: "Old

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I spent 33 years and four months in active military service and during that period I spent most of my time as a high class muscle man for Big Business, for

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The veterans made camp in the Anacostia flats while they awaited the congressional decision on whether or not to pay the bonus. The motion, known as the

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boys to collect revenues in. I helped in the raping of half a dozen Central American republics for the benefit of Wall Street. I helped purify

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Even before retiring from the Corps, Butler began developing his post-Corps career. In May 1931 he took part in a commission established by

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of 1924. Each Service Certificate, issued to a qualified veteran soldier, bore a face value equal to the soldier's promised payment, plus

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McFall, J. Arthur (February 2003). "After 33 years of Marine service, Smedley Butler became an outspoken critic of U.S. foreign policy".

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Ortiz Stephen R (2006). "The 'New Deal' for Veterans: The Economy Act, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the Origins of the New Deal".

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families. Both of his parents were of entirely English ancestry, and their families had been in North America since the 17th century.

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Following the period of service as the director of public safety in Philadelphia, Butler assumed command on February 28, 1926, of the

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Butler was next assigned to garrison duty in the Philippines, where he once launched a resupply mission across the stormy waters of

705: 544: 416:. By the end of his career, Butler had received sixteen medals, including five for heroism; he is the only Marine to be awarded the 1020: 566:

for four months. He came home to be mustered out of service in February 1899, but on April 8, 1899, he accepted a commission as a

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retroactive to October 7, 1918; awarded upon taking command of camp; Butler became the youngest general in M.C. history

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by business leaders to overthrow President Roosevelt, a series of allegations that came to be known in the media as the

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Butler...told the young officer that President Hoover had an ulterior motive for punishing him so harshly...During the

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arm; the plaque is no longer on the marker, but it can be viewed at the Chancellorsville Battlefield visitor's center.

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In 1921, during a training exercise near the Wilderness battlefield in Virginia, he was told by a local farmer that

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Sargent, James E.; Archer, Jules (November 1974). "Review of: The Plot to Seize the White House, by Jules Archer".

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in 1902–1912. I brought light to the Dominican Republic for the American sugar interests in 1916. I helped make

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was struck by a rock and lost two teeth. About 50 Haitians in the fort were killed. Butler's exploits impressed

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Butler later became an outspoken critic of American wars and their consequences. In 1935, Butler wrote the book

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a few hints. The best he could do was to operate his racket in three districts. I operated on three continents.

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and the bankers. In short, I was a racketeer; a gangster for capitalism. I helped make Mexico and especially

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Speech. Smedley Butler Talks on Black Shirts in America, Philadelphia. Hearst Vault Material, HVMc71r2, 1447

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Smedley Butler describes a political conspiracy to overthrow U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935.

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battle sites, where they conducted large-scale re-enactments before crowds of distinguished spectators.

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In the Spanish war fervor of 1898, Butler lied about his age to receive a direct commission as a Marine

436: 413: 3338:(hardcover). Spain Rodriguez, illustrator (1st ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 114. 1406:

but was defeated in the April 26, 1932, primary election with only 37.5% of the vote to incumbent Sen.

696:

due to their goal of protecting American commercial interests in the region, particularly those of the

4458:"Leatherneck legends; Swapping some sea stories at the birthday ball? Here are 8 of the Corps' best". 4165: 3231:"Leatherneck legends; Swapping some sea stories at the birthday ball? Here are 8 of the Corps' best". 1664:

editorial characterizing it as a "gigantic hoax". When the committee's final report was released, the

816:. On August 11, 1912, he was temporarily detached to command an expeditionary battalion he led in the 642:

Butler being carried on the back of another Marine to safety across a river at the Battle of Tientsin.

5150: 5145: 5077: 4579:"Report of the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, Marines in China: The Relief Expedition" 2811:"Report of the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, Marines in China: The Relief Expedition" 2334: 1627: 1175: 1058: 729: 709: 697: 560: 454: 1851: 1814: 1749: 1653:

No prosecutions or further investigations followed, and historians have questioned whether or not a

1472:

After his retirement and later years, Butler became widely known for his outspoken lectures against

1440:, sought immediate cash payment of Service Certificates granted to them eight years earlier via the 4151: 1837: 1821: 1507:

In addition to his speeches to pacifist groups, he served from 1935 to 1937 as a spokesman for the

1379: 1342: 1260: 1136: 1050:. While Butler's superiors considered him brave and brilliant, they described him as "unreliable." 1036: 866: 229: 4562: 3787: 638: 4619: 4460: 4355: 4297: 4230: 4041: 3764: 3696: 3586: 3406: 2096: 1946: 1933: 1660: 1484: 1326: 1152: 847: 805: 756: 737: 655: 651: 491: 401: 304: 200: 166: 4210:

The Corporate State and the Broker State: The Du Ponts and American National Politics, 1925–1940

1830: 1800: 1790: 1783: 1776: 1699: 1024:

Butler (far right) with other Marines in Vera Cruz, Mexico, 1914. From left to right: Sgt. Maj.

922:. For his actions on April 22, Butler was awarded his first Medal of Honor. The citation reads: 603:

from Filipino troops of the new Philippine republic. In the initial moments of the assault, his

431:, when he told a congressional committee that a group of wealthy industrialists were planning a 1867: 1844: 1042:

During World War I, Butler was (to his disappointment) not assigned to a combat command on the

951:

to Haiti, with Major Butler and a group of Marines on board. On October 24, 1915, an estimated

678:

when it was created in 1921, and was one of only 20 Marines to receive it. His citation reads:

5053: 4877: 4827: 4774: 4764: 4725: 4687: 4666: 4659:

Maverick Marine: General Smedley D. Butler and the Contradictions of American Military History

4643: 4474: 4444: 4425: 4421: 4398: 4336: 4317: 4274: 4214: 4195: 4185: 4155: 3668: 3493: 3487: 3391: 3339: 3101: 3012: 2640:

Maverick Marine: General Smedley D. Butler and the Contradictions of American Military History

2551: 2516: 2479: 2460: 2443: 2417: 2400: 2244: 2182: 1807: 1708: 1682: 1654: 1603: 1461: 1445: 1226: 899: 813: 668: 620: 548: 540: 482: 432: 322: 204: 4313: 4307: 3390:(hardcover), Spain Rodriguez, illustrator (1st ed.), Simon & Schuster, p. 114, 3097: 3091: 3006: 1535:

safe for American oil interests in 1914. I helped make Haiti and Cuba a decent place for the

978:

For the operation, Butler was given three companies of Marines and some sailors from the USS

5041: 4966: 4638:

The Politics of Upheaval: 1935–1936, The Age of Roosevelt, Volume III (The Age of Roosevelt)

4611: 3578: 3364:"Vanderbilt Tells Mussolini Story: Hit-Run Incident Happened But Butler Garbled It, He Says" 2502:

My Dear Smedley: Personal Correspondence of John A. LeJeune and Smedley D. Butler, 1927–1928

2201: 1881: 1611: 1437: 1350: 1334: 1287: 1089: 1046:. He made several requests for a posting in France, writing letters to his personal friend, 971:. After the Americans took several other forts and ramparts during the following days, only 745: 612: 599:

In October 1899, he saw his first combat action when he led 300 Marines to take the town of

567: 514: 471: 316: 1677: 5065: 4557: 3660: 3403: 2392: 1635: 1618:, heard his testimony in secret. The McCormack–Dickstein committee was a precursor to the 1513: 1501: 1403: 1375: 1179: 1086: 932:

deserve it. The medal was returned to him with orders to keep it and to wear it, as well.

851: 828:, Panama. In private Butler was highly critical of the operation, writing to his parents: 627: 486: 449: 421: 397: 195: 1551:

right for the American fruit companies in 1903. In China in 1927 I helped see to it that

1366:

Smedley Butler at one of his many speaking engagements after his retirement in the 1930s.

972: 1225:

military-style checkpoints into the city and bandit-chasing squads, who were armed with

902:

detained a small American naval landing party (that had gone ashore to buy gasoline) in

4636: 2605: 2540: 2284: 2144: 1908: 1903: 1407: 1346: 1291: 914: 907: 704:. These interventions started with the Spanish–American War in 1898 and ended with the 604: 259: 5060: 4743: 3960: 1857: 1740: 1735: 5139: 4821: 4414: 4392: 4251: 4125: 3912: 3590: 2338: 2016: 1607: 1595: 1569: 1473: 1456: 1411: 1338: 1302: 1280: 1062: 1025: 789: 765: 752:

and continued up the coastline, looking for rebels at several towns, but found none.

659: 428: 5124: 4586: 4208: 3648:

The Revolt of the Conservatives: A History of the American Liberty League, 1934–1940

2818: 4388: 4141: 3324:, San Bernardino, California, Monday March 1, 1926, Volume LVIII, Number 1, page 4. 2609: 2263: 1959: 1552: 1330: 1204: 1200: 1073: 960: 701: 675: 518: 94: 2510: 1069:

to the battlefields. The camp had been unsanitary, overcrowded, and disorganized.

4181: 3002: 2217: 2213: 2085: 1528: 1492: 1391: 992: 879: 825: 725: 713: 693: 611:

After the excitement of this combat, garrison duty again became routine. He met

517:, a (then) Quaker-affiliated secondary school, popular with sons of upper-class 409: 405: 236: 214: 4309:

Above and Beyond, A History of the Medal of Honor from the Civil War to Vietnam

3803:, Newtown Square Historical Preservation Society. Retrieved September 15, 2011. 3093:

Above and Beyond, A History of the Medal of Honor from the Civil War to Vietnam

1313: 1259:

in San Diego, California, in ceremonies involving officers and the band of the

4951: 4940: 3520: 2067: 1449: 1431: 1286:

In 1931, Butler violated diplomatic norms by publicly recounting gossip about

1082: 893:– a simple "Mr. Johnson," eager, intrepid, dynamic, efficient, unshaven! * * * 4778: 2604:

The Expeditionary Medal, as was worn for part of his career, would have used

2421: 513:

Butler attended the West Chester Friends Graded High School, followed by The

3834: 2855: 2464: 2447: 2122: 2118: 2081: 1556: 1540: 1243: 1196: 801: 792:, but returned to active duty in the Marine Corps at the first opportunity. 784: 32: 4831: 4492: 2554: 2414:

Paraguay: A Gallant Little Nation: The Story of Paraguay's War with Bolivia

2404: 1362: 494:, a Republican congressman from 1887 to 1891. His paternal grandfather was 412:. At the time of his death, Butler had become the most decorated Marine in 4536: 4270:

General Smedley Darlington Butler: The Letters of a Leatherneck, 1898–1931

3582: 3443: 2475:

General Smedley Darlington Butler: The Letters of a Leatherneck, 1898–1931

1143:

Following the war, he became commanding general of the Marine barracks at

4975: 4872:

Hoffman, Jon T. (December 6, 2007) . Muschett, James O. (Project) (ed.).

4173: 2313: 1548: 1148: 859: 600: 1195:

Within 48 hours of taking over, Butler organized raids on more than 900

671:

while he recovered in the hospital, two weeks before his 19th birthday.

4441:

The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898–1934

2238: 2125:

stated that, if elected to the presidency, he would name Butler as his

1532: 1477: 1276: 903: 647: 475: 440: 4623: 2092: 1371: 1004:

Subsequently, as the initial organizer and commanding officer of the

874: 593: 4535:. Oregon State Police, Official Oregon State website. Archived from 3442:. Oregon State Police, Official Oregon State website. Archived from 3336:

Devil dog : the amazing true story of the man who saved America

1614:

of New York, who was later alleged to have been a paid agent of the

4971: 4615: 3665:

The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America – The Stalin Era

1555:

went on its way unmolested. Looking back on it, I might have given

4199: 4031:

Table data from Marine Corps Muster Rolls, unless otherwise cited.

2548:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

2288: 2247:

to captain for actions on July 13 before receiving full promotion

2038: 1698: 1676: 1573: 1361: 1312: 1215: 1053:

In October 1918, at the age of 37, he was promoted to the rank of

1019: 841: 637: 577: 271: 3982: 2500:——; Lejeune, John Archer; Miller, J. Michael (2002). 975:, an old, French-built stronghold atop Montagne Noire, was left. 4896: 4856: 2440:

The Papers of General Smedley Darlington Butler, USMC, 1915–1918

1615: 1104:. The citation for the Army Distinguished Service Medal states: 944:

was killed by a mob. In response, the United States ordered the

744:, Butler and several hundred Marines landed at the port town of 616: 552: 4267:

Butler, Smedley Darlington & Venzon, Anne Cipriano (1992).

4008:"How the star-studded 'Amsterdam' whitewashes American fascism" 2753:

Butler, Smedley Darlington and Venzon, Anne Cipria, 1992, p. 10

4515:. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from 3388:

Devil Dog: The Amazing True Story Of The Man Who Saved America

2715:. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from 2147:

as a retired marine named Gilbert Dillenbeck in the 2022 film

1209: 1113:

The citation for the Navy Distinguished Service Medal states:

384:(July 30, 1881 – June 21, 1940), nicknamed the 60:"Old Gimlet Eye", "The Fighting Quaker", "Fighting Hell-Devil" 5083: 1337:, two other Marine Corps generals were seriously considered, 2651:

Smedley D. Butler, USMC: A Biography By Mark Strecker page 3

474:

and Maud (née Darlington) Butler, were descended from local

4686:(reprint, illustrated ed.). Rutgers University Press. 1476:, U.S. military adventurism, and what he viewed as nascent 959:

Butler's patrol of 44 mounted Marines when they approached

5236:

Battle of Veracruz (1914) recipients of the Medal of Honor

4841:

Dictionary of American Biography, Supplements 1–2: To 1940

2102:

Butler was featured in the 2003 Canadian documentary film

427:

In 1933, he became involved in a controversy known as the

4701: 3934: 3320:

Associated Press, "Butler Takes Over San Diego Marines,"

820:

on September 19, 1912, and the bombardment, assault, and

4702:"Smedley D. Butler Brigade Chapter 9 Veterans for Peace" 3935:"Smedley D. Butler Brigade Chapter 9 Veterans for Peace" 3608:"Butler for Bonus out of Wall Street", December 10, 1933 3008:

Nicaragua: A History of US Intervention & Resistance

1728:

Butler's awards and decorations included the following:

1398:

primary in Pennsylvania in March 1932 as a proponent of

1187:

job by assembling all 4,000 of the city police into the

650:(then often romanized as Tientsin). He took part in the 5301:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

5206:

American military personnel of the Spanish–American War

846:

Marine Officers at Veracruz. Front row, left to right:

5025: 2099:

is called the Smedley D. Butler Brigade in his honor.

882:, posing as a railroad official named "Mr. Johnson". 716:

bankers imposed their agenda on U.S. foreign policy.

466:

Smedley Darlington Butler was born July 30, 1881, in

392:

officer. During his 34-year career, he fought in the

5316:

United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients

5266:

Occupation of Haiti recipients of the Medal of Honor

4893:"The Marine Corps General Who Called War 'A Racket'" 2642:(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1998) p. 7 1703:

Location of Smedley Butler gravestone in Section B-1

1590:

In November 1934, Butler claimed the existence of a

1182:

to lend the city a military general to help him rid

4942:

Get All Americans Out of China, Says General Butler

4333:

Stonewall: A Biography of General Thomas J. Jackson

4306:Editors of the Boston Publishing Company (1985). 1634:reported that Butler had told friends that General 854:; Littleton W.T. Waller, Commanding; Smedley Butler 348: 332: 297: 252: 178: 139: 129: 121: 109: 101: 84: 64: 56: 48: 23: 5306:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal 5201:American military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion 4635: 4413: 3090:Editors of the Boston Publishing Company (1985). 2709:"Major General Smedley D. Butler, USMC (Deceased)" 2586:List of historically notable United States Marines 2143:A fictionalized version of Butler is portrayed by 1065:, a debarkation depot that funneled troops of the 3857:Restoring a Neglected Modern Planation-Style Home 3519:. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from 3133: 3131: 2318:awarded upon taking command of new training base 1483:In December 1933, Butler toured the country with 869:(not to be confused with his uncle, Rear Admiral 4953:Smedley Butler Speaks His Mind on U. S. Politics 4683:The United States occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934 3463: 3461: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 646:Once in China, Butler was initially deployed at 5321:United States Marine Corps World War I generals 4742:. Big Picture Media Corporation. Archived from 3959:. Big Picture Media Corporation. Archived from 3307: 3305: 2903: 2901: 2668:Bartlett, Merrill L. (1986). "Old Gimlet Eye". 1690:Newtown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania 1525: 1220:Butler on the Philadelphia Police Baseball Team 1115: 1106: 997: 924: 680: 5196:American military personnel of the Banana Wars 3667:. New York: Modern Library. pp. 140–150. 3226: 3224: 2472:——; Venzon, Anne Cipriano (1992). 16:United States Marine Corps general (1881–1940) 3820: 3818: 3650:(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962), 85–91, 94–5 3268: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3214: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3181: 3179: 2891: 2889: 1688:Upon his retirement, Butler bought a home in 1271:From 1927 to 1929, Butler was commander of a 865:On March 1, 1914, Butler and Navy Lieutenant 8: 4491:. Marine Corps Legacy Museum. Archived from 3121: 3119: 3117: 2796: 2794: 2581:List of Medal of Honor recipients (Veracruz) 1317:Maj. Gen. Butler at his retirement ceremony. 360:January 7, 1924 – December 23, 1925 5011:Director of Public Safety for Philadelphia 4443:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 4244:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 4130:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 3905:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 3686: 3684: 2784: 2782: 4996: 4053:Thomas, 1933, p. 66; Schmidt, 1998, 17–19. 2763: 2761: 2759: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2457:Letter to William R. Murphy, 1925 April 25 349:Director of Public Safety for Philadelphia 31: 20: 5161:20th-century American non-fiction writers 3734:Sargent, 1974, Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 151–2 3663:; Vassiliev, Alexander (March 14, 2000). 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2412:——; de Ronde, Philip (1935). 470:, the eldest of three sons. His parents, 205: 4250:, Department of the Navy. Archived from 4124:This article incorporates text from the 3911:, Department of the Navy. Archived from 2161: 1896: 1345:Lejeune and others petitioned President 1126: 906:, which led to what became known as the 654:on July 13, 1900, and in the subsequent 5246:Double Recipients of the Medal of Honor 5096: 5032: 4987:Works by Smedley D. (Darlington) Butler 4928:. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MD. 4509:"Major General Smedley D. Butler, USMC" 3835:"Major General Smedley D. Butler, USMC" 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 2624: 2597: 2539:(30-part syndicated newspaper series), 2438:——; Venzon, Anne Cipriano. 1543:for the International Banking House of 1509:American League Against War and Fascism 1402:, known as a "dry". Butler allied with 1390:Butler announced his candidacy for the 1294:, who strongly disliked Butler, forced 5276:People from West Chester, Pennsylvania 5226:Temperance activists from Pennsylvania 3983:"National Register Information System" 3863:, August 8, 2017; accessed 2022.10.12. 3511: 3509: 1620:House Un-American Activities Committee 1167:Philadelphia Director of Public Safety 708:and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's 5291:Political activists from Pennsylvania 4312:. Boston Publishing Company. p. 3096:. Boston Publishing Company. p. 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 808:. In December 1909, he commanded the 674:He was eligible for the Marine Corps 500:Pennsylvania House of Representatives 7: 5261:Military personnel from Philadelphia 5256:Military personnel from Pennsylvania 5181:American anti–World War II activists 4826:. New York: Round table Press, Inc. 4718:Smedley D. Butler, USMC: A Biography 4585:. September 29, 1900. Archived from 4351:"Gen. Butler Bares a 'Fascist Plot'" 4248:Naval History & Heritage Command 3988:National Register of Historic Places 3909:Naval History & Heritage Command 3692:"Gen. Butler Bares a 'Fascist Plot'" 3489:Smedley D. Butler, USMC: A Biography 3053:(Harper & Brothers, 1916) p. 212 2817:. September 29, 1900. Archived from 2138:National Register of Historic Places 2132:His childhood home at West Chester, 800:From 1909 to 1912, Butler served in 336:Activist, official, lecturer, writer 286: 5311:United States Marine Corps generals 4763:. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. 2455:——; Murphy, William R. 1442:World War Adjusted Compensation Act 1378:which laid the foundations for the 1184:Philadelphia's municipal government 5216:American people of English descent 5156:20th-century American male writers 4891:Lanset, Andy (November 11, 2012). 4561:. December 3, 1934. Archived from 4110:from websites or documents of the 4006:Zemler, Emily (October 11, 2022). 3786:. December 3, 1934. Archived from 2033:National Order of Honour and Merit 1713:West Goshen Township, Pennsylvania 810:3rd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment 14: 5191:American male non-fiction writers 4513:Who's Who in Marine Corps History 4489:"Major General Smedley D. Butler" 4147:The Plot to Seize the White House 3713:The Plot to Seize the White House 2713:Who's Who in Marine Corps History 2576:List of Medal of Honor recipients 2563:North American Newspaper Alliance 838:Veracruz and first Medal of Honor 724:In 1903, Butler was stationed in 545:Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C. 5286:People of the Mexican Revolution 5116: 5099: 5071: 5059: 5047: 5035: 4979: 4963:Works by or about Smedley Butler 4416:The Heyday of American Communism 4117: 4106: This article incorporates 4101: 3386:David Talbot (October 5, 2010), 2222:(date and location unconfirmed) 2114:My First Days in the White House 1954:Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal 1887: 1880: 1873: 1866: 1856: 1850: 1843: 1836: 1829: 1820: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1789: 1782: 1775: 1769: 1762: 1755: 1748: 1739: 1734: 1640:National Recovery Administration 1098:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 1094:Army Distinguished Service Medal 920:maintaining the city of Veracruz 4371:. Hall of Valor. Archived from 4359:. November 21, 1934. p. 1. 3628:Klehr, 1984, pp. 110–12, 372–73 2504:. Marine Corps Research Center. 2293:retroactive to August 29, 1916 1511:. In 1935, he wrote the exposé 1139:reenactment by Marines in 1922. 989:Assistant Secretary of the Navy 936:Haiti and second Medal of Honor 706:withdrawal of troops from Haiti 4335:. W. W. Norton & Company. 2559:The Marines Who Wouldn't Fight 1719:Honors, awards, and promotions 1323:Commandant of the Marine Corps 1: 4926:The Landing at Veracruz: 1914 4849:"Camp Smedley Butler website" 4533:"Oregon State Police History" 3440:"Oregon State Police History" 3011:. Clarity Press. p. 38. 2678:United States Naval Institute 2546:"American Marines in China", 1976:China Relief Expedition Medal 1681:Smedley Butler gravestone in 1598:. A special committee of the 592:The Marine Corps sent him to 583: 555:, arriving shortly after its 38: 5241:Burials at Oaklands Cemetery 4663:University Press of Kentucky 4213:. Harvard University Press. 4180:(First Paperback ed.). 3610:. Retrieved January 10, 2011 3369:Lawrence Daily Journal-World 3322:The San Bernardino Daily Sun 2561:(8-part syndicated series), 2515:. Los Angeles: Feral House. 2095:, Massachusetts, chapter of 2062:Other honors and recognition 1694:Naval Hospital, Philadelphia 1067:American Expeditionary Force 504:Pennsylvania State Treasurer 424:, all for separate actions. 162:Marine Corps Base, San Diego 4978:(public domain audiobooks) 4820:Butler, Smedley D. (1935). 4439:Langley, Lester D. (1985). 4071:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 102–103. 3571:Journal of Military History 3051:A Diplomat's Wife in Mexico 2373:Marine Corps Base Quantico 2359:Marine Corps Base Quantico 1941:Distinguished Service Medal 1928:Distinguished Service Medal 1487:to recruit members for the 1267:China and stateside service 940:In 1915, Haitian President 5342: 5221:American political writers 4853:United States Marine Corps 4792:American Heritage Magazine 4788:"Ollie and Old Gimlet Eye" 4632:Schlesinger Jr., Arthur M. 4583:United States Marine Corps 4234:. July 1, 1905. p. 9. 4112:United States Marine Corps 3559:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 218–219 3541:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 216–226 3492:. McFarland. p. 156. 2815:United States Marine Corps 2399:. Philadelphia: Dorrance. 2310:Marine Corps Base Quantico 1602:headed by Representatives 1567: 1429: 1273:Marine Expeditionary Force 1145:Marine Corps Base Quantico 510:is a registered landmark. 468:West Chester, Pennsylvania 390:United States Marine Corps 78:West Chester, Pennsylvania 5326:Writers from Pennsylvania 5296:Quakers from Pennsylvania 5281:People of the Banana Wars 5211:American military writers 5171:American anti-capitalists 5016: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4394:Confederates in the attic 3837:. Oaklands Cemetery. 2008 3467:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 215–16 2158:Promotions and retirement 2047: 2045:Haiti Médaille militaire 2044: 2031: 2026: 2011:World War I Victory Medal 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1986:Nicaraguan Campaign Medal 1984: 1981:Philippine Campaign Medal 1979: 1974: 1969: 1952: 1939: 1926: 1923:Marine Corps Brevet Medal 1921: 1907: 1902: 1733: 1410:'s 60%. Butler voted for 1299:Charles Francis Adams III 1131:Butler sitting in car at 1057:and placed in command of 736:there. Using a converted 547:In July 1898, he went to 382:Smedley Darlington Butler 372: 368: 364: 353: 344: 340: 266:Marine Corps Brevet Medal 171:Marine Barracks, Quantico 157:Marine Barracks, Quantico 147:3d Battalion, 1st Marines 52:Smedley Darlington Butler 30: 25:Smedley Darlington Butler 5271:Pennsylvania Republicans 4874:USMC: A Complete History 4464:: 22. November 15, 2004. 4420:. Basic Books. pp. 4228:"Butler – Peters". 4207:Burk, Robert F. (1990). 4178:The Savage Wars of Peace 3752:Schlesinger, 2003, p. 83 3743:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 226–7 3429:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 205–6 3311:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 156–7 3299:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 154–5 3290:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 153–4 3235:: 22. November 15, 2004. 3080:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 68–70 3071:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 67–68 3062:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 64–65 3031:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 60–61 2907:Schmidt, 1998, pp. 28–32 2509:—— (2003) . 2001:Dominican Campaign Medal 1600:House of Representatives 1489:Veterans of Foreign Wars 1189:Metropolitan Opera House 1100:, as well as the French 822:capture of Coyotepe Hill 5251:Haverford School alumni 5231:American whistleblowers 4972:Works by Smedley Butler 4924:Sweetman, Jack (1968). 4759:Thomas, Lowell (1933). 4722:McFarland & Company 4716:Strecker, Mark (2011). 4553:"Plot Without Plotters" 4473:. Quest Publishing Co. 4469:Lelle, John E. (1988). 4331:Farwell, Byron (1993). 4295:"Credulity Unlimited". 3780:"Plot Without Plotters" 3762:"Credulity Unlimited". 3700:: 1. November 21, 1934. 2537:Smashing Crime and Vice 2429:—— (1934). 2397:Walter Garvin in Mexico 2050:Order of the Black Star 1171:In 1924, newly elected 1160:Stonewall Jackson's arm 1102:Order of the Black Star 1048:Wendell Cushing Neville 1030:Wendell Cushing Neville 574:Philippine–American War 508:Butler's childhood home 435:to overthrow President 394:Philippine–American War 279:Order of the Black Star 220:Occupation of Nicaragua 191:Philippine–American War 5176:American anti-fascists 4720:(softcover ed.). 4680:Schmidt, Hans (1995). 4657:Schmidt, Hans (1998). 4412:Klehr, Harvey (1984). 4108:public domain material 3486:Mark Strecker (2011). 3334:Talbot, David (2010). 2550:, July 1929, 128-134, 1996:Haitian Campaign Medal 1971:Spanish Campaign Medal 1704: 1685: 1587: 1561: 1480:in the United States. 1367: 1318: 1257:U.S. Marine Corps base 1221: 1140: 1120: 1111: 1039: 1002: 929: 855: 835: 685: 643: 589: 225:Occupation of Veracruz 5088:at Knowledge (XXG)'s 4839:"Butler, Smedley D". 4798:on September 13, 2007 4391:(February 22, 1999). 4168:on February 11, 2006. 4089:Schmidt, 1998, p. 202 4080:Schmidt, 1998, p. 161 3993:National Park Service 3890:Schmidt, 1998, p. 119 3824:Schmidt, 1998, p. 246 3812:Schmidt, 1998, p. 245 3790:on November 10, 2010. 3637:Schmidt, 1998, p. 224 3619:Schmidt, 1998, p. 234 3583:10.1353/jmh.2006.0119 3550:Schmidt, 1998, p. 218 3476:Schmidt, 1998, p. 220 3420:Schmidt, 1998, p. 212 3372:. February 13, 1931. 3281:Schmidt, 1998, p. 153 3272:Schmidt, 1998, p. 150 3260:Schmidt, 1998, p. 149 3248:Schmidt, 1998, p. 148 3218:Schmidt, 1998, p. 147 3206:Schmidt, 1998, p. 146 3194:Horwitz, 1999, p. 232 3185:Farwell, 1993, p. 513 3049:Edith O'Shaughnessy, 2965:"Mrs. Smedley Butler" 2895:Schmidt, 1998, p. 231 2028:Yangtze Service Medal 2006:Mexican Service Medal 1702: 1680: 1648:Robert Sterling Clark 1638:, former head of the 1585: 1365: 1316: 1296:Secretary of the Navy 1219: 1173:Mayor of Philadelphia 1130: 1078:Mary Roberts Rinehart 1071:U.S. Secretary of War 1023: 942:Vilbrun Guillaume Sam 845: 830: 772:Marriage and business 755:When they arrived at 641: 626:to help put down the 581: 570:in the Marine Corps. 437:Franklin D. Roosevelt 414:U.S. military history 122:Years of service 5166:20th-century Quakers 4859:on February 12, 2010 4661:(reprint ed.). 4565:on November 10, 2010 4301:. November 22, 1934. 4062:Thomas, 1933, p. 124 3937:. Veterans For Peace 3801:Smedley Butler House 3768:. November 22, 1934. 3155:Schmidt, 1998, p. 92 3146:Schmidt, 1995, p. 81 3137:Schmidt, 1995, p. 85 3125:Schmidt, 1998, p. 80 3040:Schmidt, 1998, p. 64 2954:Schmidt, 1998, p. 39 2916:Schmidt, 1998, p. 50 2800:Schmidt, 1998, p. 12 2788:Schmidt, 1998, p. 11 2776:Schmidt, 1998, p. 10 2136:, was listed on the 1628:Grayson M. P. Murphy 1592:political conspiracy 1176:W. Freeland Kendrick 710:Good Neighbor policy 698:United Fruit Company 557:invasion and capture 535:Spanish–American War 524:Spanish–American War 498:, who served in the 186:Spanish–American War 97:, Pennsylvania, U.S. 5000:Government offices 4746:on October 12, 2007 4604:The History Teacher 4539:on January 17, 2008 4254:on November 4, 2007 4152:Skyhorse Publishing 3963:on October 12, 2007 3915:on November 4, 2007 3881:Lelle, 1988, p. 150 3872:Lelle, 1988, p. 149 3523:on February 8, 2010 3446:on January 17, 2008 2767:Schmidt, 1998, p. 9 2737:Archer, 1973, p. 38 1380:Oregon State Police 1343:John H. Russell Jr. 1309:Military retirement 1261:4th Marine Regiment 1037:John Archer Lejeune 1006:Gendarmerie d'Haïti 506:from 1880 to 1882. 453:, where he alleged 230:Occupation of Haiti 37:Butler in uniform, 5186:American lecturers 4786:Ward, Geoffrey C. 4589:on August 10, 2006 4461:Marine Corps Times 4356:The New York Times 4298:The New York Times 4231:The New York Times 4044:and its aftermath. 4042:Battle of Tientsin 3765:The New York Times 3697:The New York Times 3646:George Wolfskill, 3233:Marine Corps Times 2992:Boot, 2003, p. 144 2972:The New York Times 2934:The New York Times 2821:on August 10, 2006 2274:Lieutenant colonel 2097:Veterans for Peace 1958:with three bronze 1947:United States Army 1934:United States Navy 1705: 1686: 1588: 1537:National City Bank 1485:James E. Van Zandt 1368: 1327:Wendell C. Neville 1319: 1227:sawed-off shotguns 1222: 1141: 1040: 856: 848:Wendell C. Neville 656:Gaselee Expedition 652:Battle of Tientsin 644: 590: 492:Smedley Darlington 402:Mexican Revolution 305:Smedley Darlington 201:Battle of Tientsin 167:3rd Marine Brigade 5024: 5023: 5019:George W. Elliott 5017:Succeeded by 4883:978-0-88363-617-6 4770:978-0-940328-01-3 4731:978-0-7864-4807-4 4693:978-0-8135-2203-6 4672:978-0-8131-0957-2 4649:978-0-618-34087-3 4642:. Mariner Books. 4480:978-0-915779-02-4 4450:978-0-8420-5047-0 4431:978-0-465-02946-4 4404:978-0-679-75833-4 4342:978-0-393-31086-3 4323:978-0-8094-5628-4 4280:978-0-275-94141-3 4220:978-0-674-17272-2 4191:978-0-465-00721-9 4161:978-1-60239-036-2 4012:Los Angeles Times 3715:. pp. 192–3. 3674:978-0-375-75536-1 3499:978-0-7864-8477-5 3407:siege of Tientsin 3397:978-1-4391-0902-1 3345:978-1-4391-0902-1 3107:978-0-8094-5628-4 2719:on March 20, 2014 2565:, September 1929 2543:, April–May 1926 2522:978-0-922915-86-6 2485:978-0-275-94141-3 2391:Butler, Smedley; 2377: 2376: 2328:November 19, 1918 2324:Brigadier general 2183:Second lieutenant 2059: 2058: 2048:Commander of the 1895: 1894: 1709:Oaklands Cemetery 1683:Oaklands Cemetery 1604:John W. McCormack 1583: 1468:Anti-war Lectures 1462:Douglas MacArthur 1446:compound interest 1418:for president in 1055:brigadier general 900:Victoriano Huerta 871:Frank F. Fletcher 867:Frank J. Fletcher 814:Isthmus of Panama 541:second lieutenant 376: 375: 323:Isabel Darlington 277:Commander of the 5333: 5129: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5112: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5092: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5064: 5063: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5031: 4997: 4983: 4982: 4967:Internet Archive 4954: 4943: 4929: 4920: 4913:Military History 4907: 4905: 4903: 4887: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4855:. Archived from 4844: 4835: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4794:. Archived from 4782: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4735: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4697: 4676: 4653: 4641: 4627: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4484: 4471:The Brevet Medal 4465: 4454: 4435: 4419: 4408: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4365:"Smedley Butler" 4360: 4346: 4327: 4302: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4235: 4224: 4203: 4169: 4164:. Archived from 4121: 4120: 4105: 4104: 4090: 4087: 4081: 4078: 4072: 4069: 4063: 4060: 4054: 4051: 4045: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3864: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3831: 3825: 3822: 3813: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3759: 3753: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3711:"Archer, Jules. 3708: 3702: 3701: 3688: 3679: 3678: 3661:Weinstein, Allen 3657: 3651: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3611: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3513: 3504: 3503: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3331: 3325: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3261: 3258: 3249: 3246: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3219: 3216: 3207: 3204: 3195: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3174: 3171: 3156: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3138: 3135: 3126: 3123: 3112: 3111: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3023: 3022: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2969: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2931: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2908: 2905: 2896: 2893: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2856:"Smedley Butler" 2852: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2789: 2786: 2777: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2754: 2751: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2705: 2682: 2681: 2665: 2652: 2649: 2643: 2636: 2613: 2602: 2526: 2505: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2468: 2451: 2434: 2425: 2408: 2393:Burks, Arthur J. 2202:First lieutenant 2196:attachment date 2193:Washington, D.C. 2162: 2134:The Butler House 2127:Secretary of War 2055: 2042: 2019: 1962: 1950: 1937: 1914: 1897: 1891: 1884: 1877: 1870: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1847: 1840: 1833: 1824: 1817: 1810: 1803: 1794: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1773: 1766: 1759: 1752: 1743: 1738: 1731: 1730: 1612:Samuel Dickstein 1584: 1474:war profiteering 1438:Great Depression 1351:Benito Mussolini 1335:Josephus Daniels 1288:Benito Mussolini 1236:Academy of Music 1178:asked President 1137:Pickett's Charge 1090:John J. Pershing 963:. Surrounded by 818:Battle of Masaya 613:Littleton Waller 588: 585: 582:Smedley Butler, 568:first lieutenant 543:. He trained at 515:Haverford School 358: 317:Thomas S. Butler 290: 270:Military Medal ( 242:Defensive Sector 207: 111: 91: 74: 72: 43: 40: 35: 21: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5136: 5135: 5132: 5122: 5117: 5115: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5091:sister projects 5090: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5026: 5020: 5013: 4980: 4952: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4923: 4910: 4901: 4899: 4890: 4884: 4871: 4862: 4860: 4847: 4838: 4823:War Is A Racket 4819: 4815: 4813:Further reading 4810: 4801: 4799: 4785: 4771: 4758: 4749: 4747: 4738: 4732: 4715: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4679: 4673: 4656: 4650: 4630: 4601: 4592: 4590: 4577: 4568: 4566: 4551: 4542: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4520: 4507: 4498: 4496: 4495:on June 4, 2002 4487: 4481: 4468: 4457: 4451: 4438: 4432: 4411: 4405: 4387: 4378: 4376: 4363: 4349: 4343: 4330: 4324: 4305: 4294: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4266: 4257: 4255: 4238: 4227: 4221: 4206: 4192: 4172: 4162: 4140: 4118: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3995:. 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June 16, 1962 2967: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2929: 2927:"Butler−Peters" 2925: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2854: 2853: 2834: 2824: 2822: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2792: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2757: 2752: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2707: 2706: 2685: 2667: 2666: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2637: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2616: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2572: 2533: 2523: 2512:War Is a Racket 2508: 2499: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2471: 2454: 2437: 2428: 2411: 2390: 2387: 2382: 2380:Published works 2367:October 1, 1931 2335:Camp Pontanezen 2160: 2105:The Corporation 2064: 2053: 2052: 2036: 2035: 2014: 2013: 1957: 1956: 1944: 1943: 1931: 1930: 1912: 1911: 1855: 1788: 1781: 1774: 1726: 1724:Military awards 1721: 1675: 1636:Hugh S. Johnson 1574: 1572: 1566: 1514:War Is a Racket 1502:American Legion 1498:Foreign Service 1470: 1434: 1428: 1416:Socialist Party 1404:Gifford Pinchot 1388: 1386:Senate campaign 1376:Julius L. Meier 1360: 1311: 1269: 1253: 1180:Calvin Coolidge 1169: 1125: 1059:Camp Pontanezen 1018: 938: 913:When President 904:Tampico, Mexico 852:John A. Lejeune 840: 798: 796:Central America 774: 722: 690: 636: 634:Boxer Rebellion 628:Boxer Rebellion 608:tropical heat. 586: 576: 537: 532: 530:Military career 464: 450:War Is a Racket 422:Medals of Honor 420:as well as two 398:Boxer Rebellion 388:, was a senior 386:Maverick Marine 359: 354: 333:Other work 328: 293: 284: 248: 196:Boxer Rebellion 174: 93: 89: 76: 70: 68: 44: 41: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5339: 5337: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5138: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128:from Wikiquote 5113: 5086:Smedley Butler 5084: 5081: 5080: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4984: 4969: 4960: 4949: 4936: 4935:External links 4933: 4931: 4930: 4921: 4908: 4888: 4882: 4869: 4845: 4836: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4783: 4769: 4761:Old Gimlet Eye 4756: 4736: 4730: 4713: 4698: 4692: 4677: 4671: 4654: 4648: 4628: 4616:10.2307/491493 4599: 4575: 4549: 4529: 4519:on May 8, 2013 4505: 4485: 4479: 4466: 4455: 4449: 4436: 4430: 4409: 4403: 4385: 4375:on May 8, 2012 4369:Military Times 4361: 4347: 4341: 4328: 4322: 4303: 4292: 4279: 4264: 4236: 4225: 4219: 4204: 4190: 4170: 4160: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4115: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4082: 4073: 4064: 4055: 4046: 4033: 4024: 3998: 3974: 3948: 3926: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3848: 3826: 3814: 3805: 3793: 3771: 3754: 3745: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3703: 3680: 3673: 3652: 3639: 3630: 3621: 3612: 3604:New York Times 3596: 3561: 3552: 3543: 3534: 3505: 3498: 3478: 3469: 3457: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3396: 3378: 3355: 3344: 3326: 3313: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3262: 3250: 3238: 3220: 3208: 3196: 3187: 3175: 3157: 3148: 3139: 3127: 3113: 3106: 3082: 3073: 3064: 3055: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3018:978-1949762600 3017: 2994: 2985: 2956: 2947: 2936:. July 1, 1905 2918: 2909: 2897: 2885: 2876: 2864:Military Times 2832: 2802: 2790: 2778: 2769: 2755: 2739: 2730: 2683: 2653: 2644: 2638:Hans Schmidt, 2623: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2606:award numerals 2596: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2556: 2544: 2541:Bell Syndicate 2532: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2521: 2506: 2497: 2484: 2469: 2452: 2435: 2426: 2409: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2307: 2304: 2303:August 2, 1918 2301: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2285:Port-au-Prince 2282: 2279: 2278:April 22, 1917 2276: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2266:, Pennsylvania 2261: 2258: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2168:Promotion Date 2166: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2145:Robert De Niro 2141: 2130: 2109: 2100: 2089: 2072: (DD-636) 2063: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2046: 2043: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1951: 1938: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1909:Medal of Honor 1906: 1904:Medal of Honor 1901: 1893: 1892: 1885: 1878: 1871: 1863: 1862: 1848: 1841: 1834: 1826: 1825: 1818: 1811: 1804: 1796: 1795: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1745: 1744: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1674: 1671: 1661:New York Times 1632:New York Times 1630:& Co. 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Davis 1387: 1384: 1359: 1356: 1347:Herbert Hoover 1310: 1307: 1279:, China, (the 1268: 1265: 1252: 1251:San Diego duty 1249: 1168: 1165: 1124: 1121: 1076:sent novelist 1017: 1014: 937: 934: 915:Woodrow Wilson 908:Tampico Affair 895: 894: 839: 836: 797: 794: 778:Richard Peters 773: 770: 734:U.S. Consulate 730:Culebra Island 721: 718: 689: 686: 635: 632: 605:first sergeant 575: 572: 549:Guantánamo Bay 536: 533: 531: 528: 502:and served as 463: 460: 374: 373: 370: 369: 366: 365: 362: 361: 351: 350: 346: 345: 342: 341: 338: 337: 334: 330: 329: 327: 326: 320: 314: 308: 301: 299: 295: 294: 292: 291: 282: 275: 268: 263: 260:Medal of Honor 256: 254: 250: 249: 247: 246: 245: 244: 234: 233: 232: 227: 222: 212: 211: 210: 193: 188: 182: 180: 176: 175: 173: 172: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 143: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 113: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 92:(aged 58) 86: 82: 81: 66: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 50: 46: 45: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5338: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 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