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axes, &c." A survey of 1834 adds corn mills to the list of enterprises at
Swindon. It also tells us that Wombourne is a large village, "occupied chiefly by nailors, who work for the neighbouring manufacturers". The nail-makers were thus mainly self-employed contractors, working in their own small forges on iron brought in from the large producers. The demand for water to power the forges continued and even rose well into the Victorian period, during which the Smestow powered at least 30 mills. In some cases, as at Greensforge and Heath, iron-working gave way ultimately to corn milling.
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both forms are used for the whole length of the stream, with
Smestow Brook predominating. Similarly, the term Smestow Valley is sometimes reserved for the narrow section from Aldersley to Wightwick, although it can be used for the entire catchment, including the much wider plain south of Trescott. The Smestow itself created neither of these features: it simply flows through a landscape opened up by
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vulnerable to pollution, and the actual river water at that time is unlikely to have been free of chemical and microbial pollution. Perhaps it is a good thing that Marten's idea was not put into practice until the 1890s, when a large pumping station was constructed at
Ashwood, south of Swindon, to supply water to Black Country industry. This was soon followed by the
1120:
In the 20th century attempts were made to clean up the
Smestow. These, together with the almost total collapse of heavy industry in Wolverhampton and the Black Country during the 1980s, have allowed the river to recover from earlier pollution. Today the water is clear and the courses of the river and
1075:
Although iron production was thus centralised, the small-scale, decentralised working of iron not only continued but increased. An 1817 commentator tells us that
Swindon has "an iron-works, some forges, and a blade-mill, where by a peculiar temperament of the iron, it is formed into scythes, sickles,
981:
in
Staffordshire. These are highly permeable, allowing the land above to drain quickly and reducing the flow within river courses. As a result, the areas of South Staffordshire around the river, despite fairly high rainfall, had a natural vegetation of heath and open birch woodland. This was modified
358:
Some local people maintain that the lower part of the stream, approximately from
Wombourne, is properly called the River Smestow, while the upper section is the Smestow Brook. Certainly the lower Smestow is much more impressive since dredging and course alterations in the 1990s. In practice, however,
1067:
The canal itself allowed coal, coke and iron to be transported more easily, allowing industrialists to combine water and steam power, alongside coke-fired blast furnaces, wherever the river and canal ran close together. The result was the development of larger iron-works at
Swindon and Gothersley on
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was prevented from cutting off the flow of the upper
Smestow when the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal was developed, around 1770. Instead he was forced to preserve the flow with a "water bridge" or aqueduct at Dunstall, in the Aldersley Gap, which carries the brook over the canal and releases
639:
The
Smestow Brook has its source in the Springfield area, to the north-east of Wolverhampton city centre, in which many of the street names attest to the plentiful supplies of water originally found there. However, the natural springs were contained and culverted as building began here in the 1870s,
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settlement, with a gradual clearance of farmland. With the emergence of modern, high input farming, from the 18th century onwards, the aquifer became increasingly vulnerable to nitrate pollution. The relative decline of heavy industry in the region makes this the main, and growing, pollution threat
807:
The Smestow flows through an important local nature reserve at Wolverhampton, and its lower course largely follows the conservation area associated with the canal, often through linear woodland, as well as small areas of wetland. Hence, it is home to a wide range of wildlife: if little is rare, the
1108:
The following year, Marten put forward a scheme for drinking water extraction from the lower Smestow. This time he sent water samples to analytical laboratories in London, where they were pronounced exceptionally clear and free from decaying matter. The aquifer beneath the sandstone is itself very
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in Shropshire and the Black Country brought charcoal-fired iron production gradually to an end. Heath Forge became a corn mill in the 1810s, while Swindon Forge was modernised in the mid-19th century. Water-power for the continuing industrial activity was so important that
732:, where it used to cause major flooding problems until its course was reshaped in the 1990s. Here it is joined by its most important tributary, the Wom Brook. From this point the Smestow again runs within a few hundred metres of the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal.
1101:. As early as 1851, the engineer Henry Marten gauged the supply at ten million gallons (approximately 45,000,000 litres) per day and proposed to extract water for drinking and industrial use from the Smestow. This was blocked by opposition from the carpet makers of
1084:
Meanwhile, the industries of north Wolverhampton continued to use the water of the Smestow for a range of purposes, not least to carry away effluent. From the 1870s water was extracted in large quantities at the source for the brewing industry. The large
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The main reason that the brook itself often appears scant in flow and unimportant is that the rock beneath is highly-permeable sandstone. Hence, very large quantities of water can be locked away not far below the surface, in the underlying
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the Smestow, as well as nearby at the Hyde, near Kinver on the Stour – all situated between river and canal. The Swindon works included a rolling mill and generated power mainly from coal, although its drop hammer was driven by a large
753:. The marina at Ashwood coincides with the descent of the Dawley Brook to join the Smestow. This confluence provided Roman soldiers with a natural moat to protect one of the forts, which are generally named after Greensforge.
1039:. Dudley carried out early experiments, using coal products to substitute for charcoal in iron production. The Dudley family had large works at Cradley, but Dud Dudley claimed his process was used at an iron works at
808:
variety is great. Dredging and other works often disturb wildlife, but recolonisation is usually rapid. The reduction in pollution over the last three decades has allowed wildlife to diversify and flourish.
739:, from where it shadows the canal very closely, sometimes separated from it only by the width of the towpath. Here the reinforcement of the banks (to prevent collapse during flooding) is very evident.
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with drinking water. Both of these extracted water from the aquifer, not directly from the river, and were actually sited closer to the canal, which could be used to supply them with coal.
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In some areas, especially around Wolverhampton, the Smestow runs over beds of gravels, laid down in the last Ice Age. For a large part of its course, however, the Smestow flows over deep
697:, being joined by the Graiseley Brook and the Finchfield Brook, which drain areas to the south-west of Wolverhampton city centre. It passes through Wightwick, where it is overlooked by
1938:
of Physical and Environmental Constraints.pdf South Staffordshire Council: South staffordshire Local Development Framework – Assessment of Physical and Environmental Constraints, p.7.
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The Smestow then turns sharply to the west and disappears into a culvert, which takes it under the major roads and railway lines to the north of Wolverhampton, as well as under the
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The Smestow Valley reserve claims no less than 170 species of bird as residents or visitors, with 55 species breeding locally. Winter sees the greatest variety with the regular
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The banks of the Smestow and Stour were home to a thriving iron industry, based on locally produced charcoal, from the Middle Ages until the 18th century. This included many
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in surveys of the county. It means ″place of the smiths″. The whole of this part of the West Midlands was famed for iron production from the Middle Ages onwards. The nearby
449:
1023:, and Gothersley. To power the Heath Mill, a substantial leat was constructed to divert water from the Smestow at Trysull into a mill pond above the little valley of the
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The Smestow runs down the length of the Smestow Valley Local Nature Reserve, under the main Wolverhampton – Tettenhall road, and past Tettenhall Station, formerly on the
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to maintain the flow of water in the Smestow and the Stour, both important sources of power to 18th century industry. The Smestow then descends to the level of the canal.
763:. After rain, the darker material from upstream shows up very clearly as it flows into the sandy Stour. The Stour swings south, taking the Smestow's course, to join the
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with large quantities diverted to the Springfield Brewery. Note the street name and the disused brewery, since finally demolished, in the background of the photograph.
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catchments, creating the Aldersley Gap. As a result, the Smestow was able to break through to the south, and was thus captured from the Trent by the Severn catchment.
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714:
Passing through the hamlet of Furnace Grange, the Smestow takes a turn southward as it is joined from the right by the Black Brook, a considerable tributary.
1027:, whence it dropped into the brook, powering a series of mills, and then flowed back into the Smestow. Key names connected with these developments were the
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road. Although mainly inaccessible to the public, the green trail of the river is easily visible for some distance as it snakes across open farmland.
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settlement that brought significant permanent human habitation to the valley, and it is probably from these settlers that the stream took its name.
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it passes a former Victorian corn mill, marking the site of one of the most important forges of earlier centuries, but now converted to apartments.
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Brewery that was built for William Butler at the source of the Smestow in 1873 was to operate until 1991, for much of its life in the hands of
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At Gothersley, just south of Ashwood, the Spittle Brook joins from the right. Here the two streams water a small but valuable area of wetland.
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2015:
P.J. Hooker et al.: 'An integrated hydrogeological study of a post-industrial city in the West Midlands of England' in Chilton, John (ed):
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Today there is no sign of the Smestow for several hundred metres from its putative source in Springfield. It emerges further north, in the
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but also, from the mid-17th century, some fairly large enterprises run by wealthy businessmen, like those at the Grange Furnace, near
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At Wightwick the brook begins to diverge for some kilometres from the route of the canal, just south of the main Wolverhampton to
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999:, where two camps were successively situated, one apparently using the stream as part of its fortifications. However, it was the
2005:
B. J. Williams & J. Van Leerzem: Water supplies of the Black Country "Smestow Valley", South Staffs. Water Company, undated.
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The Smestow flows through or past a number of settlements – many associated with the historic iron industry, or with the canal.
1105:, who feared that extraction from the Smestow would affect the flow of the Stour, which they used to carry away their effluent.
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in some 19th-century (and earlier) reference works. For example "Smestall, a river in Stafford, which runs into the Stour near
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The Smestow is enlarged by water from a number of tributaries. Travelling upstream from the Stour confluence, they include:
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The Smestow is entirely non-navigable. However, its valley forms a natural north-south route of such importance that the
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The name of the stream may be of Anglo-Saxon origin, although it was not written down before the 14th century in the
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Here the valley is hemmed in on both sides by steep slopes. The brook flows between the Wolverhampton suburbs of
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Brooks, which drain the west of Wolverhampton, and join the Smestow in the Smestow Valley Local Nature Reserve.
954:. Glacial action removed part of the low ridge, to the north of present-day Wolverhampton, which separates the
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at Dunstall, where a small lake provides both flood relief and a wildlife haven. It is then taken over the
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The innocent looking Trescott Ford is notorious for catching unwary motorists after heavy local downpours.
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Insect life is also rich and varied, with more than 20 kinds of butterfly seen on the reserve, including
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340:
1994:'William Butler, A Brewing Heritage' in Black Country Archive Services Newsletter, issue 3, July 2005.
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803:, on the bank of the Smestow near Tettenhall Station. This is sometimes considered an invasive plant.
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The meandering course crosses open farmland but is mostly screened from it by linear woodland. At
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The Perton Brook, which tumbles down Wightwick Bank and waters the gardens of Wightwick Manor.
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The valley narrows considerably between steep sandstone ridges after the river passes through
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was constructed as a substitute for a navigable river, the Smestow supplying it with water.
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Wolverhampton City Council: Smestow Valley Local Nature Reserve (visitor's leaflet).
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The Smestow runs very close to a number of Roman sites, the most important being at
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771:: its waters ultimately discharge into the Atlantic Ocean via the Bristol Channel.
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valley, and flows down through a boggy area to join the Smestow near Gothersley.
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in the United Kingdom, and has contributed to the industrial development of the
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via the great pool at the Wodehouse, and joins the Smestow south of the village
1983:
William White, History, Gazetteer, and directory of Staffordshire, 1834, p.292
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1961:
Tracey Williams, A history of Swindon, Staffordshire and the Williams family
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Finally, at Prestwood, close to Stourton and Kinver, the Smestow enters the
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https://www.geograph.org.uk/gallery/tributaries_of_the_river_severn_7213/2
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The Smestow flows northwards through the park, supplying water for a pool.
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8. Confluence with Graiseley Brook in Smestow Valley Local Nature Reserve
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10. Trescott Ford, close to the main Wolverhampton to Bridgnorth Road
319:. As late as the 19th century, the name was still generally rendered
1972:
William Pitt, A Topographical History of Staffordshire, 1817, p.190.
355:, their water used for cooling and later to power simple machinery.
275:, is a small river that plays an important part in the drainage of
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17. At Gothersley, close to its confluence with the Spittle Brook
2041:
Wolverhampton City Council: Smestow Valley Local Nature Reserve.
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721:, where it flows between properties, bordering their gardens.
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Sherwood sandstone – similar to the deposits underlying
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6. The Dunstall water Bridge viewed from the canal side
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The Smestow took its present shape as a result of the
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The Wom Brook, which drains an area as far afield as
1181:
The Black Brook, which drains the area almost up to
1054:In the late 18th century, the spread of coke-fired
1047:on a tributary of the Smestow, near which he had a
717:The brook swings south-east through the village of
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1133:The Spittle Brook, which drains the area north of
1219:, travelling upstream from the Stour confluence:
1896:A topographical dictionary of the United Kingdom
1137:, almost as far as Six Ashes, on the lip of the
1560:Smestow Valley Local Nature Reserve (entrance)
1113:pumping station at Wombourne, built to supply
8:
1152:basin or marina, before joining the Smestow.
1043:. His father (also an ironmaster) lived at
291:. It is the most important tributary of the
598:, where the Dawley Brook enters the Smestow
1447:Emergence in Fowler's Park, Park Village
1121:the canal are important wildlife havens.
987:to water supplies in the Smestow valley.
735:Passing the hamlet of Smestow it runs to
1898:(5 ed.). Richard Phillips. p.
1394:
1877:
1019:, Heath Forge near Wombourne, Swindon,
634:Sketch map of the course of the Smestow
374:
1949:Victoria County History, Staffordshire
1189:, and joins the Smestow near Trescott.
1155:The Holbeche Brook, which begins near
782:Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal
666:Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal
441:Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal
427:4. The brook disappears into a culvert
20:
1410:Source in Springfield, Wolverhampton
1064:it to descend to its natural course.
969:deposits of sandstone, also known as
16:River in the West Midlands of England
7:
2071:Rivers of the West Midlands (county)
2017:Groundwater in the Urban Environment
2019:, Rotterdam: Balkama, 1999, p.147,
1405:(links to map & photo sources)
1144:The Dawley Brook, which drains the
934:. There is also a great variety of
647:area, at the edge of Fowler's Park.
1915:Notes on Staffordshire Place Names
1884:The Smestow was also known as the
14:
1163:to join the Smestow at Hinksford.
343:. Both the lower Smestow and the
2081:Stour (Worcestershire) catchment
1637:South Staffordshire Railway Walk
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799:growing against a background of
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415:3. Flowing through Fowler's Park
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1894:Capper, Benjamin Pitts (1825).
1037:Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley
991:History and economic importance
396:2. Emergence in Fowler's Park,
251:, Holbeche Brook, Dawley Brook
176: • coordinates
107: • coordinates
24:Smestow Brook or River Smestow
1:
1917:, Henry Frowde, London, 1902.
1072:. It was to last until 1976.
819:reinforced by visitors, like
675:The aqueduct was provided by
77:Physical characteristics
2046:South Staffs Water Archives.
1713:Confluence with Black Brook
672:, the Dunstall Water Bridge.
491:9. In farmland near Trescott
443:by the Dunstall Water Bridge
339:and working iron before the
1350:GPX (secondary coordinates)
293:River Stour, Worcestershire
160: • location
95: • location
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261:Black Brook, Spittle Brook
1345:GPX (primary coordinates)
1320:Map all coordinates using
1035:, an illegitimate son of
144:
81:
1734:52.5607906°N 2.2381854°W
1485:Wolverhampton Racecourse
1328:Download coordinates as:
982:progressively after the
662:Wolverhampton Racecourse
622:18. Confluence with the
467:7. By Tettenhall Station
257: • right
198:52.4675047°N 2.2027346°W
2076:Rivers of Staffordshire
1091:Mitchells & Butlers
977:in Nottinghamshire and
271:, sometimes called the
236: • left
217:27 km (17 mi)
1739:52.5607906; -2.2381854
1523:Dunstall Water Bridge
804:
635:
596:Ashwood, Staffordshire
547:in South Staffordshire
531:in South Staffordshire
515:11. At Furnace Grange.
203:52.4675047; -2.2027346
129:52.59191°N 2.1206188°W
1639:Local Nature Reserve
1340:GPX (all coordinates)
795:
686:but now a small café.
684:Wombourne Branch Line
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341:Industrial Revolution
1377:adding missing items
724:The same is true at
134:52.59191; -2.1206188
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1217:South Staffordshire
1148:area and fills the
769:Stourport-on-Severn
527:12. The Smestow at
303:Etymology and usage
281:South Staffordshire
222:Basin features
194: /
125: /
71:South Staffordshire
32:Place of the smiths
1854:52.4676°N 2.2027°W
1814:52.5080°N 2.2333°W
1774:52.5255°N 2.2138°W
1697:52.5727°N 2.2197°W
1660:52.5740°N 2.1882°W
1620:52.5836°N 2.1941°W
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1507:52.6029°N 2.1481°W
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1431:52.5921°N 2.1197°W
1375:; you can help by
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2096:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2056:
2055:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1913:W. H. Duignan,
1912:
1908:
1893:
1890:Stourton-Castle
1883:
1879:
1874:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:Highgate Common
1778:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1701:
1699:
1695:
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1687:
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1682:
1680:
1679:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:Wightwick Manor
1585:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1497:
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1472:
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1466:
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1426:
1421:
1418:
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1414:
1413:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1315:
1240:Smestow village
1210:
1159:and flows past
1127:
1082:
1031:family and the
1009:
993:
975:Sherwood Forest
948:
790:
788:Natural history
778:
699:Wightwick Manor
626:
620:
611:
608:
599:
588:
579:
572:
563:
557:
548:
541:
532:
525:
516:
513:
504:
501:
492:
489:
480:
477:
468:
465:
456:
453:
444:
437:
428:
425:
416:
413:
404:
394:
385:
382:
373:
305:
283:, and parts of
256:
241:Graiseley Brook
235:
202:
200:
196:
193:
188:
185:
183:
181:
180:
177:
161:
133:
131:
127:
124:
119:
116:
114:
112:
111:
106:
94:
58:, Staffordshire
17:
12:
11:
5:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2035:External links
2033:
2030:
2029:
2008:
1997:
1986:
1975:
1964:
1953:
1941:
1930:
1919:
1906:
1886:River Smestall
1876:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1834:
1827:
1826:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1754:
1747:
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1714:
1710:
1709:
1677:
1676:Trescott Ford
1673:
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1233:
1228:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1190:
1179:
1164:
1161:Holbeche House
1153:
1142:
1126:
1123:
1081:
1078:
1061:James Brindley
1056:blast furnaces
1008:
1005:
992:
989:
947:
944:
932:clouded yellow
829:lesser redpoll
789:
786:
777:
774:
773:
772:
757:
754:
747:
740:
733:
722:
715:
712:
709:
702:
687:
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677:James Brindley
673:
660:It emerges by
658:
651:
648:
641:
628:
627:
621:
614:
612:
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600:
589:
582:
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573:
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438:
431:
429:
426:
419:
417:
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395:
388:
386:
383:
376:
372:
369:
309:Middle English
304:
301:
263:
262:
259:
253:
252:
238:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
219:
218:
215:
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178:
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109:
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34:
33:
30:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2093:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Wolverhampton
2064:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2025:90-5410-837-1
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1795:
1793:Country Park
1792:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
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1559:
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1525:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1488:
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1449:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1384:February 2011
1378:
1374:
1371:This list is
1369:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:OpenStreetMap
1321:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:Dunstall Hill
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:Wolverhampton
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
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1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1154:
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1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1103:Kidderminster
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1049:blast furnace
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
990:
988:
985:
980:
979:Cannock Chase
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
926:and, rarely,
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:large skipper
905:
904:small skipper
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:golden plover
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
802:
798:
794:
787:
785:
783:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
731:
727:
723:
720:
716:
713:
710:
707:
703:
700:
696:
692:
688:
685:
681:
678:
674:
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:
655:BCN Main Line
652:
649:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
625:
618:
613:
606:
601:
597:
593:
586:
581:
577:
570:
565:
562:
555:
550:
546:
539:
534:
530:
523:
518:
511:
506:
499:
494:
487:
482:
475:
470:
463:
458:
451:
446:
442:
435:
430:
423:
418:
411:
406:
403:
402:Wolverhampton
399:
392:
387:
380:
375:
370:
368:
366:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Kinver Forest
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:Black Country
286:
282:
278:
277:Wolverhampton
274:
273:River Smestow
270:
269:Smestow Brook
260:
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:
233:
229:
225:
220:
216:
212:
207:
179:
173:
170:
169:Staffordshire
166:
163:
157:
153:
151:
147:
143:
138:
110:
104:
101:
100:Wolverhampton
98:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
72:
68:
67:Wolverhampton
65:
61:
57:
56:West Midlands
54:
50:
47:
44:
40:
35:
31:
27:
22:
19:
2016:
2011:
2000:
1989:
1978:
1967:
1956:
1951:, XX, 212-4.
1948:
1944:
1933:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1895:
1885:
1880:
1381:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1305:Park Village
1263:
1214:
1211:
1146:Kingswinford
1128:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1080:Water supply
1074:
1066:
1053:
1010:
994:
964:
960:River Severn
952:last Ice Age
949:
924:small copper
912:meadow brown
888:painted lady
865:
863:also hover.
841:common snipe
837:little grebe
810:
806:
779:
776:Navigability
765:River Severn
645:Park Village
439:5. Over the
398:Park Village
365:last Ice Age
357:
320:
317:Smethestalle
316:
312:
306:
297:River Severn
272:
268:
266:
18:
1857: /
1832:River Stour
1817: /
1777: /
1737: /
1700: /
1663: /
1623: /
1584: /
1547: /
1510: /
1471: /
1434: /
1402:Coordinates
1231:Greensforge
1208:Settlements
1168:Penn Common
1125:Tributaries
1087:Springfield
1070:water wheel
1045:Himley Hall
1021:Greensforge
1001:Anglo-Saxon
997:Greensforge
984:Anglo-Saxon
956:River Trent
940:dragonflies
936:damselflies
920:small heath
884:red admiral
872:common blue
861:sparrowhawk
744:Greensforge
592:canal basin
576:Greensforge
329:Wyre Forest
313:Smetheslall
299:catchment.
227:Tributaries
201: /
132: /
2060:Categories
1872:References
1842:52°28′03″N
1802:52°30′29″N
1762:52°31′32″N
1722:52°33′39″N
1685:52°34′22″N
1648:52°34′26″N
1608:52°35′01″N
1569:52°35′48″N
1532:52°36′12″N
1495:52°36′10″N
1456:52°35′50″N
1419:52°35′32″N
1373:incomplete
1285:Tettenhall
1280:Finchfield
1197:Finchfield
1187:Pattingham
1157:Gornalwood
1033:Dud Dudley
900:gatekeeper
876:holly blue
706:Bridgnorth
695:Tettenhall
361:glaciation
349:bloomeries
186:52°28′03″N
117:52°35′31″N
1845:2°12′10″W
1805:2°14′00″W
1765:2°12′50″W
1752:Wom Brook
1725:2°14′17″W
1688:2°13′11″W
1651:2°11′18″W
1611:2°11′39″W
1572:2°09′43″W
1535:2°09′05″W
1498:2°08′53″W
1459:2°07′06″W
1422:2°07′11″W
1295:Aldersley
1275:Wightwick
1244:Wombourne
1201:Graiseley
1176:Wombourne
1025:Wom Brook
928:brimstone
855:like the
825:fieldfare
813:blackbird
730:Wombourne
331:supplied
249:Wom Brook
189:2°12′10″W
165:Prestwood
120:2°07′14″W
29:Etymology
1313:Features
1258:Trescott
1017:Trescott
1007:Industry
971:Triassic
670:aqueduct
337:smelting
333:charcoal
321:Smestall
63:District
52:Counties
37:Location
1290:Compton
1254:Seisdon
1249:Trysull
1236:Swindon
1226:Ashwood
1172:Sedgley
1150:Ashwood
1135:Enville
1115:Bilston
1099:aquifer
1041:Swindon
946:Geology
880:peacock
868:ringlet
857:buzzard
853:Raptors
845:lapwing
821:redwing
801:willows
751:Ashwood
737:Swindon
726:Trysull
719:Seisdon
691:Compton
561:Swindon
559:14. At
545:Trysull
543:13. At
529:Seisdon
363:in the
46:England
42:Country
2023:
1398:Point
1183:Perton
1139:Severn
1111:Bratch
1013:forges
967:Bunter
833:siskin
668:by an
657:canal.
371:Course
353:forges
311:forms
285:Dudley
230:
214:Length
154:
89:
86:Source
1029:Foley
896:comma
761:Stour
624:Stour
345:Stour
150:Mouth
2021:ISBN
1199:and
1195:The
1185:and
1170:and
958:and
938:and
930:and
922:and
859:and
847:and
815:and
693:and
578:Mill
574:15.
351:and
335:for
327:and
315:and
267:The
1900:710
1892:" (
1379:.
1335:KML
1264:In
1215:In
767:at
594:at
2062::
1904:).
1268::
1093:.
1051:.
942:.
918:,
914:,
910:,
906:,
902:,
898:,
894:,
890:,
886:,
882:,
878:,
874:,
870:,
851:.
843:,
839:,
835:,
831:,
827:,
823:,
400:,
367:.
279:,
247:,
243:,
167:,
69:,
2027:.
1902:.
1386:)
1382:(
701:.
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