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486:(1914 — 1918) and the Russian Civil War (1917 — 1923) caused a major disaster for horse breeding in Russia. Many horses died in battle, yet more were eaten for food, and there was a general collapse of the economy, making horse breeding a luxury few could afford. However, after 1920, the raising of Orlov Trotters resumed and crossbreeding was forbidden. At that time, Orlov Trotters were used primarily for farming and transport due to their physical strength and outstanding working abilities. By the 1930s, race breeding had also been reestablished and pre-revolutionary racing records were being broken. Arguably, the Orlovs reached their second heyday in the 1930s.
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order to increase their dimensions, and their quality fell. In 1845, the stud farm passed into the hands of the
Russian Crown; but for some time, this only made matters worse. It was able to regain its fame only some decades later. In 1881, the Khrenovsky stud farm stopped raising all breeds, except for Orlov Trotters. The best Orlov Trotters were now raised in private stud farms, such as the Shishkin's.
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in Paris, he covered 3,500 feet in 1 minute 32 seconds – 4 seconds ahead the fastest
Standardbred mare at that time, Flora Temple. Since then, many Orlovs have been sold abroad, where they greatly contributed to the creation of local trotting breeds. Meanwhile, in the United States, the Standardbred
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Vasily
Shishkin, continued to develop the breed. However, in 1831, he left the Khrenovsky stud farm, and founded his own. Orlov's daughter lacked her father's competence in horse breeding, and the Khrenovsky stud farm went downhill. Trotters were intensively crossed with various European breeds in
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Since
Standardbreds were, in general, faster than Orlov Trotters, these breeds were intensively crossed in Russia. The resulting breed was called Russian Trotter, and these horses lacked many distinctive features of the classic Orlov Trotter. They were smaller and lighter, and were not capable of
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The Orlov
Trotters are generally taller and more robust than Standardbreds. The average current measurements for Orlov breeding stallions are 161.4 cm (height at withers), 164 cm (body length/barrel), 186 cm (chest circumference), 20.4 cm (cannon bone circumference) and for
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Eventually, Russian stud farmers managed to improve the racing performance of Orlov
Trotters. The stallion Krepysh (b. 1904) won 55 races, and covered 1 mile for 2 minutes 8.5 seconds. He was the fastest trotter in pre-revolutionary Russia, but Krepysh and most of his issue died during the
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on 25 December 1991, the future of the breed seemed unclear, as rich
Russians interested in harness racing preferred the faster Russian Trotter and American Standardbred horse breeds. Therefore, in 1997, the International Committee for the Protection of the Orlov Trotter was established.
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In 1834, a
Trotting Society was established in Moscow, and regular races began. Orlov Trotters had already proved to be the best racing horses in Russia, and soon, they proved to be the best in Europe. In 1867, the Orlov Trotter horse Beduin made headlines when, at
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Purebred Orlov
Trotters are now raised on 12 stud farms in Russia, and 3 in Ukraine. The studs in Russia have a total of about 800 mares, which raises some concern; it is a general rule that a horse breed with fewer than 1000 female individuals is in danger.
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breeding mares are 160.3 cm, 163.6 cm, 186.2 cm and 20.1 cm respectively. In appearance, the Orlovs are characterized by a big head, large expressive eyes, a long and naturally arched neck set high, prominent withers and broad
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Due to the breed's
Arabian origins, many Orlov Trotters are grey, at maturity, though all are born a darker colour at birth. Grey horses are born dark, and slowly lighten as they age, until their hair coat is completely white. At maturity, the
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as a reward for his participation in the coup d'etat which brought her to the throne. The buildings were constructed by Giovanni Giliardi. The original estate was very large; the modern Khrenovsky stud area is smaller than it was prior to the
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doing as much work as Orlov Trotters were. In order to prevent purebred Orlov Trotters from disappearing through crossbreeding with Standardbreds, the Russian government introduced separate races for Orlov Trotters and Standardbreds.
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emerged in Russia and this led to crucial changes in breeding Orlovs. Many stud farmers turned to raising racing horses, who were not as large and hard-working, or as beautiful and elegant, as traditional Orlov Trotters.
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considered in the Russian Federation to be wholly or partly of Russian origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed originates predominantly or exclusively within the Russian Federation.
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asked Orlov to sell him several stallions, Orlov only agreed to sell geldings. This rule was maintained for 20 years after Orlov's death in 1808. Later, when the Khrenovsky stud farm belonged to the
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Polkan was crossed with a Dutch mare which, in 1784, produced the grey stallion Bars I (1784–1808), considered the first "Orlov Trotter". He was 16
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The ancestor of all Orlov Trotters was the purebred grey Arabian stallion Smetanka (Russian: Сметанка). Orlov bought him in the
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was gradually improved, until Standardbreds were able to outrace Orlov Trotters. In 1877, harness racing
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In the 20th century, Standardbred stallions were crossed with Orlov Trotter mares; and a new breed, the
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and the House of Romanov, only then were Orlov Trotters openly sold to private stud owners.
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who was also credited for creating some 70 different animal breeds, including the
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709:[Oryol trotter: history and modernity] (in Russian). Archived from
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royal stud-farm, who foaled a stallion that was named Polkan (1778–1793).
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The land that became Orlov's Khrenovsky stud farm was gifted by Empress
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During the 19th century, Orlov Trotters were used mainly for riding and
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This article is about a horse breed. For other uses of Orlov, see
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For 17 years, Bars I was crossed with a variety of imported
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Oklahoma State University page on the Orlov trotter
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725:"Orlov Trotter Horses - Oklahoma State University"
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654:"Horse Racing in Nineteenth Century Russia"
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707:"Орловский рысак: история и современность"
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434:Count Alexey Orlov driving Bars the First
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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183:Predominantly gray, harness-racing type
824:Horse breeds of the Russian Federation
475:An Orlov Trotter as used in a Soviet
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788:Additional Orlov trotter information
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1187:Horse breeds originating in Russia
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686:International Museum of the Horse
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519:dissolution of the Soviet Union
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595:References
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517:After the
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80:newspapers
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611:Archived
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584:'s story
567:See also
561:chestnut
391:geldings
366:, and 1
316:Smetanka
285:purebred
18:Smetanka
1095:Cossack
1090:Chuvash
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1063:Extinct
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175:Traits
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