481:
75:
398:
52:
33:
781:
Evaluation of
Various Herbicides for Saw Greenbrier [Smilax bona-nox L.] and Southern Dewberry [Rubus trivialis Michx.] Control and Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] Tolerance and Sharppod Morningglory [Ipomoea trichocarpa var. trichocarpa Ell.] Control in
389:
also known as saw greenbrier, is a flowering vine that is prickly with a one-seeded fruit. This plant prefers full sun but can also survive in partial shade. It prefers moist soil but is tolerant of numerous soil types. They are commonly found in wooded disturbed areas.
464:
has many uses. The leaves of this plant were used for cigarette wrappers by the Native
Americans. The roots can be used not only to make bread but also as medicines. The roots of this plant are known to help urinary tract infections and as an antioxidant.
430:
ranges across much of the eastern part of the U.S. It is distributed as far south as southern
Florida, west to the edge of Texas and eastern Mexico, north to Maryland, Kentucky and southern parts of Indiana and Illinois, Missouri and Southeastern Kansas.
452:
easy to grow by seed, and should be grown near lattice work or near something it can climb. This is a climbing plant that needs something to hold on to. It should also be given plenty of room as it will grow quickly and will shade other plants.
516:
The leaves and growth of the plant are used for shelter for smaller mammals. It is used to help smaller mammals to hide from both larger mammals and predator birds. The prickles on the plant are for protection from larger herbivores.
529:
is tolerant to the occasional control burns and natural fires. Because they have rhizomes under ground, they can still sprout even when they have lost the tops of their plants. Corm-like forms can grow along with their rhizomes.
512:
as food, including wood ducks, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, fish crows, black bears, opossums, raccoons, squirrels, and multiple species of songbirds. Both the leaves and fruit are occasionally eaten by white-tailed deer.
495:
can be controlled with herbicides but has been known to adapt to the effects of it. It has also been known to not be affected at all. Some herbicides have been known to also help it grow instead of causing it to die.
476:
is edible whether cooked or not. If cooked, the roots can be made into a gelatin replacement if ground into a powder. Younger shoots are edible raw or cooked. The fruits are also edible; they are black and
412:
produces fruits, one seeded drupes, that are dispersed by animals. Fruits are black and blue in color. The fruits are edible to humans and wildlife. Fruit harvest is during the fall and summer months.
615:"Smilax bona-nox (Bullbriar, Catbriar, Dunes Saw Greenbrier, Greenbriar, Saw Greenbrier, Stretchberry Vine, Tramp's Trouble) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox"
1014:
441:
are dispersed by being eaten and passed by wildlife. Mainly small animals and songbirds partake in their fruits but they are also eaten by deer and black bears.
1053:
480:
962:
1027:
975:
1092:
1179:
1159:
1169:
1174:
1001:
59:
1032:
887:
797:
1105:
415:
Bullbriar, Catbriar, Dunes Saw
Greenbrier, Greenbriar, Streychberry Vine, and Tramp's Trouble are common names for
1058:
74:
1110:
954:
949:
820:
375:
892:
178:
980:
1164:
913:
858:
691:
941:
41:
1045:
643:
1131:
1097:
581:
202:
69:
1019:
1066:
900:
736:
728:
1071:
397:
112:
869:
1084:
1079:
667:
99:
716:
614:
545:
1153:
732:
194:
125:
1136:
905:
1040:
988:
852:
371:
145:
879:
843:
32:
740:
926:
1123:
1118:
837:
135:
967:
993:
779:
799:
Effect of Fire on the Growth of Rhus Glabra L. and Smilax Bona-Nox L.
155:
814:
754:
1006:
931:
557:
500:
can also be controlled by fire but it returns due to respiration.
479:
396:
86:
918:
818:
311:
M.Martens & Galeotti 1842, not
Schltdl. & Cham. 1831
827:
782:
Roundup Ready Flex® and
LibertyLink® Cotton Systems
558:"Smilax bona-nox | International Plant Names Index"
394:is dioecious, meaning it is either male or female.
546:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
8:
717:"544. Smilax Bona-nox 'Cantab'. Smilacaceae"
815:
50:
31:
20:
538:
217:
370:, is a species of plant in the family
668:"Smilax bona-nox L. — The Plant List"
638:
636:
634:
7:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
435:also occurs in Bermuda and Mexico.
14:
1111:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:541314-1
805:(MS). Oklahoma State University.
733:10.1111/j.1355-4905.2006.00508.x
73:
785:(MS). Texas A&M University.
715:Cullen, James (February 2006).
508:Many animals use the fruit of
1:
796:Hulnik, Frank Wayne (1974).
778:Janak, Travis Wayne (2011).
1180:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
721:Curtis's Botanical Magazine
239:Willd. 1806, not Jacq. 1760
1196:
1160:NatureServe secure species
16:Species of flowering plant
1170:Flora of Northern America
755:"Useful Temperate Plants"
208:
201:
184:
177:
70:Scientific classification
68:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1175:Plants described in 1753
759:temperate.theferns.info
586:plants.sc.egov.usda.gov
244:Smilax asperovariabilis
582:"USDA Plants Database"
484:
406:
378:, and eastern Mexico.
376:Southern United States
374:. It is native to the
483:
400:
672:www.theplantlist.org
619:plants.ces.ncsu.edu
401:The rhizome of the
316:Smilax platycentron
42:Conservation status
485:
450:Smilax bona-nox is
407:
324:Smilax hederifolia
292:Smilax pseudosarsa
228:Smilax bermudensis
1147:
1146:
1067:Open Tree of Life
821:Taxon identifiers
692:"Smilax bona-nox"
644:"Smilax bona-nox"
359:
358:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
214:
63:
1187:
1140:
1139:
1127:
1126:
1114:
1113:
1101:
1100:
1088:
1087:
1075:
1074:
1062:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1036:
1035:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1009:
997:
996:
984:
983:
971:
970:
958:
957:
945:
944:
935:
934:
922:
921:
909:
908:
896:
895:
883:
882:
873:
872:
863:
862:
861:
848:
847:
846:
816:
807:
806:
804:
793:
787:
786:
775:
769:
768:
766:
765:
751:
745:
744:
712:
706:
705:
703:
702:
688:
682:
681:
679:
678:
664:
658:
657:
655:
654:
640:
629:
628:
626:
625:
611:
596:
595:
593:
592:
578:
572:
571:
569:
568:
554:
548:
543:
387:Smilax bona-nox,
350:
342:
340:Smilax renifolia
334:
332:Smilax senticosa
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
252:Smilax pandurata
246:
238:
230:
222:
220:Smilax variegata
212:
190:
170:S. bona-nox
78:
77:
57:
54:
53:
35:
21:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1000:
992:
987:
979:
974:
966:
961:
953:
948:
940:
938:
930:
925:
917:
912:
904:
899:
891:
886:
878:
876:
868:
866:
859:Smilax bona-nox
857:
856:
851:
842:
841:
836:
829:Smilax bona-nox
823:
812:
810:
802:
795:
794:
790:
777:
776:
772:
763:
761:
753:
752:
748:
714:
713:
709:
700:
698:
690:
689:
685:
676:
674:
666:
665:
661:
652:
650:
642:
641:
632:
623:
621:
613:
612:
599:
590:
588:
580:
579:
575:
566:
564:
556:
555:
551:
544:
540:
536:
527:Smilax bona-nox
523:
510:Smilax bona-nox
506:
498:Smilax bona-nox
493:Smilax bona-nox
490:
474:Smilax bona-nox
471:
462:Smilax bona-nox
459:
447:
439:Smilax bona-nox
433:Smilax bona-nox
428:Smilax bona-nox
425:
417:Smilax bona-nox
410:Smilax bona-nox
403:Smilax bona-nox
384:
363:Smilax bona-nox
355:
300:Smilax lomoplis
216:
215:
197:
192:
188:Smilax bona-nox
186:
173:
72:
64:
55:
51:
44:
25:Smilax bona-nox
17:
12:
11:
5:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1137:wfo-0000740759
1128:
1115:
1102:
1089:
1076:
1063:
1050:
1037:
1024:
1011:
998:
985:
972:
959:
946:
936:
923:
910:
897:
884:
874:
864:
849:
833:
831:
825:
824:
819:
809:
808:
788:
770:
746:
707:
683:
659:
630:
597:
573:
549:
537:
535:
532:
522:
519:
505:
502:
489:
486:
470:
467:
458:
455:
446:
443:
424:
421:
392:milax bona-nox
383:
380:
368:saw greenbrier
357:
356:
354:
353:
345:
337:
329:
327:Beyr. ex Kunth
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
281:
276:Smilax horrida
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
236:Smilax hastata
233:
225:
211:
210:
209:
206:
205:
199:
198:
193:
182:
181:
175:
174:
167:
165:
161:
160:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
49:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1192:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
986:
982:
977:
973:
969:
964:
960:
956:
951:
947:
943:
937:
933:
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
907:
902:
898:
894:
889:
885:
881:
875:
871:
865:
860:
854:
850:
845:
839:
835:
834:
832:
830:
826:
822:
817:
813:
801:
800:
792:
789:
784:
783:
774:
771:
760:
756:
750:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
711:
708:
697:
696:www.fs.fed.us
693:
687:
684:
673:
669:
663:
660:
649:
648:www.fs.fed.us
645:
639:
637:
635:
631:
620:
616:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
598:
587:
583:
577:
574:
563:
559:
553:
550:
547:
542:
539:
533:
531:
528:
520:
518:
514:
511:
503:
501:
499:
494:
487:
482:
478:
475:
468:
466:
463:
456:
454:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
434:
429:
422:
420:
418:
413:
411:
404:
399:
395:
393:
388:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:
349:
348:Smilax cantab
346:
341:
338:
333:
330:
325:
322:
317:
314:
309:
308:Smilax medica
306:
301:
298:
293:
290:
285:
284:Smilax rubens
282:
277:
274:
269:
268:Smilax pubens
266:
261:
260:Smilax alpini
258:
253:
250:
245:
242:
237:
234:
229:
226:
221:
218:
207:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
183:
180:
179:Binomial name
176:
172:
171:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:Tracheophytes
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
828:
811:
798:
791:
780:
773:
762:. Retrieved
758:
749:
727:(1): 25–29.
724:
720:
710:
699:. Retrieved
695:
686:
675:. Retrieved
671:
662:
651:. Retrieved
647:
622:. Retrieved
618:
589:. Retrieved
585:
576:
565:. Retrieved
562:www.ipni.org
561:
552:
541:
526:
524:
521:Fire ecology
515:
509:
507:
497:
492:
491:
473:
472:
461:
460:
449:
448:
438:
437:
432:
427:
426:
423:Distribution
416:
414:
409:
408:
402:
391:
386:
385:
367:
362:
361:
360:
347:
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
187:
185:
169:
168:
156:
119:
106:
93:
24:
18:
1165:Smilacaceae
1041:NatureServe
989:iNaturalist
853:Wikispecies
457:Ethnobotany
445:Cultivation
382:Description
372:Smilacaceae
146:Smilacaceae
113:Angiosperms
60:NatureServe
1154:Categories
1085:kew-288543
1080:Plant List
764:2021-12-01
701:2021-11-12
677:2021-11-12
653:2021-10-20
624:2021-10-20
591:2021-11-12
567:2021-11-12
534:References
955:242101927
741:1355-4905
469:Edibility
164:Species:
83:Kingdom:
1124:18401306
1119:Tropicos
1046:2.145082
1020:11369688
1007:541314-1
844:Q7544549
838:Wikidata
504:Wildlife
319:Schltdl.
287:P.Watson
213:Synonymy
203:Synonyms
142:Family:
136:Liliales
126:Monocots
968:5295574
919:1082562
488:Control
231:Duhamel
152:Genus:
132:Order:
87:Plantae
58: (
56:Secure
1093:PLANTS
994:125677
942:smibon
939:FEIS:
893:368175
867:AoFP:
739:
366:, the
271:Willd.
263:Willd.
223:Walter
157:Smilax
1098:SMBO2
1072:66510
1059:50510
1033:43341
1015:IRMNG
981:34516
932:SMIBN
906:4XWCR
877:APA:
803:(PDF)
477:blue.
351:Lynch
343:Small
335:Kunth
279:Poir.
255:Pursh
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
1106:POWO
1054:NCBI
1028:ITIS
1002:IPNI
976:GRIN
963:GBIF
927:EPPO
888:BOLD
880:5186
870:3934
737:ISSN
525:The
303:Raf.
295:Vis.
247:Pers
1132:WFO
950:FNA
914:EoL
901:CoL
729:doi
1156::
1134::
1121::
1108::
1095::
1082::
1069::
1056::
1043::
1030::
1017::
1004::
991::
978::
965::
952::
929::
916::
903::
890::
855::
840::
757:.
735:.
725:23
723:.
719:.
694:.
670:.
646:.
633:^
617:.
600:^
584:.
560:.
419:.
405:.
195:L.
122::
109::
96::
767:.
743:.
731::
704:.
680:.
656:.
627:.
594:.
570:.
390:S
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
