636:
628:
105:
760:
778:
744:
78:
36:
717:(tiny darts), rather than bullets, per pull of the trigger, to provide long range, flat trajectory, and armor-piercing abilities. Just like kinetic-energy tank rounds, flechettes are too long and thin to be stabilized by rifling and perform best from a smoothbore barrel. The ACR program was abandoned due to reliability problems and poor
635:
558:; although rifled muskets were introduced in the early 18th century and had more power and range, they did not become the norm until the middle of the 19th century, when the
531:
spin to a projectile that prevents tumbling in flight. Not only does this more than counter Magnus-induced drift, but it allows a longer, more streamlined round with greater
568:
weapons were smoothbore until the mid-19th century, and smoothbores continued in limited use until the late 19th century. Early rifled artillery pieces were patented by
667:
627:
731:
smoothbores. Since mortars fire bombs that are dropped down the barrel and must not be a tight fit, a smooth barrel is essential. The bombs are fin-stabilized.
624:
are rifled to produce wide patterns at close range) this is not desirable at longer ranges, where a tight, consistent pattern is required to improve accuracy.
702:, too long in relation to its diameter to develop the necessary spin rate through rifling. Instead, kinetic energy rounds are produced as fin-stabilized
509:
without significant spin. To minimize inaccuracy-inducing tumbling during flight, their projectiles required an aerodynamically uniform shape, such as a
143:
138:
57:
44:
123:
573:
128:
1004:
977:
950:
923:
706:. Not only does this reduce the time and expense of producing rifled barrels, it also reduces the need for replacement due to barrel wear.
666:
anti-tank rifle is smoothbore. This can help accelerate projectiles and increase ballistic effectiveness. The projectile is a 15.2 mm
670:
type with armor-piercing capability which the IWS 2000 was specifically designed to fire. It contains a dart-shaped penetrator of either
513:. However, surface imperfections on the projectile and/or the barrel will cause even a sphere to rotate randomly during flight, and the
133:
896:
447:
830:
620:
on the periphery, and a low projectile density in the interior). While this may be acceptable at close ranges (some spreader
1036:
678:, capable of piercing 40 mm of rolled homogeneous armor at a range of 1,000 m, and causing secondary fragmentation.
1031:
576:
in the United
Kingdom in 1855. In the United States, rifled small arms and artillery were gradually adopted during the
996:
Patrol
Response to Contemporary Problems: Enhancing Performance of First Responders Through Knowledge and Experience
1026:
168:
49:
699:
264:
694:
in the mid-19th century. However, to reliably penetrate the thick armor of modern armored vehicles many modern
399:
749:
517:
will curve it off the intended trajectory when spinning on any axis not parallel to the direction of travel.
349:
764:
299:
768:
710:
440:
709:
The armour-piercing gun evolution has also shown up in small arms, particularly the now abandoned U.S.
344:
163:
825:
718:
548:
493:
104:
691:
577:
201:
116:
1000:
994:
973:
967:
946:
919:
892:
886:
855:
820:
613:
532:
524:
304:
274:
254:
940:
913:
675:
671:
569:
433:
384:
259:
221:
156:
759:
724:
544:
481:
369:
359:
354:
334:
82:
728:
703:
663:
394:
191:
915:
Designed to Kill: The Case
Against Weapons Research: The Case Against Weapons Research
1020:
835:
810:
652:
585:
559:
514:
294:
239:
211:
713:(ACR) program. The ACR "rifles" used smoothbore barrels to fire single or multiple
850:
788:
777:
404:
364:
314:
196:
173:
714:
781:
648:
379:
329:
324:
289:
865:
860:
687:
581:
506:
465:
414:
319:
249:
631:
English or French smoothbore flintlock shotgun with an engraved iron mounting
840:
743:
609:
584:
persisted in the US until 1900 due to the tendency of the Civil War's heavy
565:
528:
309:
269:
244:
77:
659:
at short range at crowds, where a high degree of accuracy is not required.
35:
17:
942:
Their Arrows Will Darken the Sun: The
Evolution and Science of Ballistics
695:
644:
540:
477:
473:
419:
339:
284:
554:
In the eighteenth century, the standard infantry arm was the smoothbore
815:
805:
656:
621:
617:
605:
536:
520:
469:
389:
374:
279:
216:
206:
616:
that result a doughnut-shaped pattern of shot (with a high projectile
845:
555:
510:
499:
96:
776:
742:
634:
626:
76:
29:
787:(1862) with the muzzle of one of its two 11-inch smoothbore
698:
have moved back to smoothbore. These fire a very long, thin
103:
562:
increased their rate of fire to match that of smoothbores.
753:, a replica of a mid-18th century three-masted frigate
686:
The cannon made the transition from smoothbore firing
588:
to burst and lack of funding for replacement weapons.
505:
Early firearms had smoothly bored barrels that fired
643:
Another smoothbore weapon in use today is the 37-mm
639:
An 1836 Lane & Reed flintlock smoothbore musket.
966:Haag, Michael G.; Haag, Lucien C. (29 June 2011).
891:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 308.
747:A smooth-bore, cast-iron ship's cannon, from the
498:For pre-20th-century smoothbore artillery, see
612:; firing out of a rifled barrel would impart
441:
8:
448:
434:
87:
596:Some smoothbore firearms are still used.
758:
523:the bore surface with spiral grooves or
60:of all important aspects of the article.
27:Weapon that has a barrel without rifling
877:
95:
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
7:
472:. Smoothbores range from handheld
144:Siege artillery in the US Civil War
139:Field artillery in the US Civil War
993:Kolman, John A. (1 January 2006).
197:Cannons of Maritime Southeast Asia
134:Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
25:
999:. Charles C Thomas. p. 102.
888:The Complete Blackpowder Handbook
969:Shooting Incident Reconstruction
912:Forge, John (24 December 2012).
885:Fadala, Sam (17 November 2006).
831:Tubes and primers for ammunition
34:
972:. Academic Press. p. 281.
668:fin-stabilized discarding-sabot
580:. However, heavy coast defense
48:may be too short to adequately
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
124:Artillery in the Song dynasty
918:. Springer. pp. 63–64.
129:Artillery in the Middle Ages
1053:
939:Denny, Mark (1 May 2011).
767:" smoothbores used in the
535:to be fired from the same
497:
491:
169:List of cannon projectiles
83:81mm L16 smoothbore mortar
945:. JHU Press. p. 53.
700:kinetic-energy projectile
464:weapon is one that has a
265:Breech-loading swivel gun
400:Self-propelled artillery
527:imparts a stabilizing
350:Large-calibre artillery
792:
772:
754:
727:barrels are typically
640:
632:
608:fires multiple, round
539:barrel, improving the
300:Double-barreled cannon
108:
85:
780:
769:Battle of San Jacinto
762:
746:
711:Advanced Combat Rifle
638:
630:
492:Further information:
107:
80:
1037:Artillery components
480:and large artillery
345:Infantry support gun
1032:Firearm terminology
826:Internal ballistics
719:terminal ballistics
682:Artillery and tanks
494:External ballistics
91:Part of a series on
793:
773:
755:
641:
633:
614:centrifugal forces
582:Rodman smoothbores
578:American Civil War
109:
86:
1027:Artillery by type
1006:978-0-398-07656-6
979:978-0-12-382242-0
952:978-0-8018-9981-2
925:978-94-007-5736-3
856:Muzzle (firearms)
821:Caplock mechanism
797:
796:
690:to rifled firing
574:William Armstrong
533:sectional density
525:polygonal valleys
458:
457:
275:Coastal artillery
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
1044:
1011:
1010:
990:
984:
983:
963:
957:
956:
936:
930:
929:
909:
903:
902:
882:
739:
738:
676:depleted uranium
672:tungsten carbide
570:Joseph Whitworth
450:
443:
436:
385:Recoilless rifle
217:Majapahit cannon
88:
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1007:
992:
991:
987:
980:
965:
964:
960:
953:
938:
937:
933:
926:
911:
910:
906:
899:
884:
883:
879:
874:
802:
737:
684:
651:munitions like
602:
594:
545:effective range
503:
496:
490:
454:
425:
424:
370:Naval artillery
335:Helical railgun
235:
227:
226:
207:Filipino cannon
202:Japanese cannon
187:
179:
178:
159:
149:
148:
119:
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1050:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1005:
985:
978:
958:
951:
931:
924:
904:
897:
876:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
801:
798:
795:
794:
774:
756:
736:
733:
729:muzzle-loading
683:
680:
664:Steyr IWS 2000
653:rubber bullets
647:, which fires
601:
598:
593:
590:
586:Parrott rifles
489:
486:
456:
455:
453:
452:
445:
438:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
192:English cannon
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
171:
166:
164:Breech-loading
160:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
120:
115:
114:
111:
110:
100:
99:
93:
92:
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1049:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1008:
1002:
998:
997:
989:
986:
981:
975:
971:
970:
962:
959:
954:
948:
944:
943:
935:
932:
927:
921:
917:
916:
908:
905:
900:
898:0-89689-390-1
894:
890:
889:
881:
878:
871:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:Buck and ball
809:
807:
804:
803:
799:
790:
789:Dahlgren guns
786:
785:
779:
775:
770:
766:
761:
757:
752:
751:
745:
741:
740:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
681:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
637:
629:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
599:
597:
591:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
561:
557:
552:
550:
549:hitting power
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
516:
515:Magnus effect
512:
508:
501:
495:
487:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
432:
431:
429:
428:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
295:Demi-culverin
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Anti-tank gun
238:
237:
231:
230:
223:
222:Mughal cannon
220:
218:
215:
213:
212:Korean cannon
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
183:
182:
175:
174:Muzzleloading
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
158:
153:
152:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
118:
113:
112:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
90:
89:
84:
79:
69:
59:
53:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
995:
988:
968:
961:
941:
934:
914:
907:
887:
880:
851:Muzzleloader
783:
765:Twin Sisters
763:Replica of "
748:
723:
708:
685:
661:
642:
603:
595:
564:
553:
519:
504:
476:to powerful
461:
459:
409:
405:Siege cannon
365:Mountain gun
315:Gun-howitzer
63:
47:
45:lead section
688:cannonballs
649:less-lethal
592:Current use
507:projectiles
380:Railway gun
330:Hand mortar
325:Hand cannon
290:Demi-cannon
18:Smooth bore
1021:Categories
872:References
866:Projectile
861:Gun barrel
836:Minié ball
750:Grand Turk
715:flechettes
600:Small arms
560:Minié ball
529:gyroscopic
462:smoothbore
415:Swivel gun
410:Smoothbore
390:Rifled gun
320:Gun-mortar
250:Autocannon
186:By country
66:March 2023
841:Gunpowder
696:tank guns
566:Artillery
478:tank guns
310:Field gun
270:Carronade
245:Artillery
157:Operation
50:summarize
800:See also
645:riot gun
541:accuracy
474:firearms
468:without
420:Tank gun
340:Howitzer
305:Falconet
285:Culverin
255:Basilisk
816:Cap gun
806:Rifling
791:showing
784:Monitor
735:Gallery
657:teargas
618:density
606:shotgun
537:caliber
521:Rifling
488:History
482:mortars
470:rifling
375:Railgun
280:Coilgun
260:Bombard
234:By type
117:History
97:Cannons
1003:
976:
949:
922:
895:
846:Cannon
771:(1836)
725:Mortar
692:shells
622:chokes
556:musket
511:sphere
500:Cannon
466:barrel
360:Mortar
355:Minion
704:darts
395:Saker
1001:ISBN
974:ISBN
947:ISBN
920:ISBN
893:ISBN
782:USS
662:The
655:and
610:shot
572:and
547:and
674:or
1023::
721:.
604:A
551:.
543:,
484:.
460:A
81:A
1009:.
982:.
955:.
928:.
901:.
502:.
449:e
442:t
435:v
68:)
64:(
54:.
20:)
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