Great Smoky Mountains - Knowledge (XXG)

2636: 3583:, which were already federally owned. Along with convincing logging firms to sell lucrative lumber rights, the Park Commission had to negotiate the purchase of thousands of small farms and remove entire communities. The commission also had to deal with the Tennessee and North Carolina legislatures, which at times were opposed to spending taxpayer money on park efforts. In spite of these difficulties, the Park Commission had completed most major land purchases by 1932. The national park officially opened in 1934, with President 3552:, which logged the Hazel Creek watershed between 1907 and 1928. Ruins of Ritter's lumbering operations are still visible along the Hazel Creek Trail. Other lumbering operations included Three M Lumber and Champion Fibre, both of which logged the Oconaluftee watershed. By the time all operations ceased in the 1930s, logging firms had removed two-thirds of the virgin forests from the Smokies. According to the National Park Service, 80% of the Smokies was clear cut in the early 20th century. 2387: 3503: 2524:, which arrived in the Smokies in the early 1960s. Thus, red spruce is now the dominant species in the range's spruce-fir forest. Large stands of dead Fraser firs remain atop Kuwohi and on the northwestern slopes of Old Black. While much of the red spruce stands were logged in the 1910s, the tree is still common throughout the range above 5,500 feet (1,700 m). Some of the red spruces are believed to be 300 years old, and the tallest rise to over 100 feet (30 m). 2211:—patches of land where trees are unexpectedly absent or sparse—are interspersed through the mid-to-upper elevations in the range. Balds include grassy balds, which are highland meadows covered primarily by thick grasses, and heath balds, which are dense thickets of rhododendron and mountain laurel typically occurring on narrow ridges. Mixed oak-pine forests are found on dry ridges, especially on the south-facing North Carolina side of the range. Stands dominated by the 2868: 2228: 5235: 5249: 3025: 2566: 2725: 2479: 3600: 2046: 2834: 356: 145: 2694:, introduced as game animals in the early 20th century, thrive in southern Appalachia but are considered a nuisance because of their tendency to root up and destroy plants. The boars are seen as taking food resources away from bears as well, and the park service has sponsored a program that pays individuals to hunt and kill boars and leave their bodies in locations frequented by bears. 55: 2497:, when mean annual temperatures in the Smokies were too cold to support a hardwood forest. While the rise in temperatures between 12,500 and 6,000 years ago allowed the hardwoods to return, the spruce-fir forest has managed to survive on the harsh mountain tops, typically above 5,500 feet (1,700 m). About 10,600 acres (43 km) of the spruce-fir forest are old-growth. 1112:. These mountain wave winds are strongest in a narrow area along the foothills and can create extensive areas of fallen trees and roof damage, especially around Cades Cove in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Camp Creek community. Strong winds created by mountain waves were a contributing factor with the devastating Gatlinburg fire on November 28, 2016 during the 2027: 3388:. The average farm consisted of roughly 50 acres (0.20 km), part of which was cultivated and part of which was woodland. Early settlers lived in 16 feet (4.9 m) x 20 feet (6.1 m) log cabins, although these were replaced by more elaborate log houses and eventually, as lumber became available, by modern frame houses. Most farms included at least one barn, a 2652: 453: 464: 2167:

Between 16,500 and 12,500 years ago, the glaciers to the north retreated and mean annual temperatures rose. The tundra vegetation disappeared, and the spruce-fir forests retreated to the highest elevations. Hardwood trees moved into the region from the coastal plains, replacing the spruce-fir forests

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were introduced in the first half of the 20th century. The larger rainbow and brown trout outcompete the native brook trout for food and habitat at lower elevations. As such, most of the brook trout found in the park today are in streams above 3,000 feet in elevation. Trout generally smaller than in

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population east of the Mississippi River. The black bear has come to symbolize wildlife in the Smokies, and the animal frequently appears on the covers of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park's literature. Most of the range's adult eastern black bears weigh between 100 pounds (45 kg) and 300

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A unique community is the beech gap, or beech orchard. Beech gaps consist of high mountain gaps that have been monopolized by beech trees. The beech trees are often twisted and contorted by the high winds that occur in these gaps. Why other tree types such as the red spruce fail to encroach into the

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Around 20,000 years ago, subarctic glaciers advanced southward across North America, and although they never reached the Smokies, the advancing glaciers led to colder mean annual temperatures and an increase in precipitation throughout the range. Trees were unable to survive at the higher elevations

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Innovations in logging railroads and band saw technology in the late 19th century made large-scale logging possible in the mountainous areas of southern Appalachia. The largest logging operation in the Smokies was the Little River Lumber Company, which logged the Little River watershed between 1901

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in the southeast. As timber resources in these regions became exhausted, and as the demand for lumber skyrocketed after the Civil War, entrepreneurs began looking for ways to reach the virgin forests of southern Appalachia. The first logging operations in the Smokies, which began in the 1880s, used

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Cades Cove was settled largely by families who had purchased lots from land speculator William "Fighting Billy" Tipton. The first of these settlers, John and Lucretia Oliver, arrived in 1818. Two Cades Cove settlers, Moses and Patience Proctor, crossed over to the North Carolina side of the Smokies

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remains, comprising the largest old-growth stand in the Eastern United States. Most of the forest is a mature second-growth hardwood forest. The range's 1,600 species of flowering plants include over 100 species of native trees and 100 species of native shrubs. The Smokies are also home to over 450

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The Smokies rise prominently above the surrounding low terrain. For example, Mount Le Conte (6,593 feet ) rises more than a mile (1.6 km) above its base. Because of their prominence, the Smokies receive a heavy annual amount of precipitation. Annual precipitation amounts range from 50 to

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mines atop Mount Le Conte. Residents of predominantly Union Cades Cove and predominantly Confederate Hazel Creek routinely crossed the mountains to steal one another's livestock. Residents of Cosby and Cataloochee did likewise. One notable Civil War incident was the murder of long-time Cades Cove

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sentiment in the Great Smoky Mountains was much stronger relative to other regions in these two states. Generally, the communities on the Tennessee side of the Smokies supported the Union, while communities on the North Carolina side supported the Confederates. On the Tennessee side, 74% of Cocke

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Environmental threats are the concern of many non-profit environmental stewardship groups, especially The Friends of the Smokies. Formed in 1993, the group assists the National Park Service in its mission to preserve and protect the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by raising funds and public

3572:, began seriously considering a movement to establish a national park in the Smokies. As head of the Great Smoky Mountains Park Commission, Chapman was largely responsible for raising funds for land purchases and coordinating park efforts between local, state, and federal entities. 4130: 2235:

Cove hardwood forests, which are native to southern Appalachia, are among the most diverse forest types in North America. The cove hardwood forests of the Smokies are mostly second-growth, although some 72,000 acres (290 km) are still old-growth. The Albright Grove along the

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80 in (1,300 to 2,000 mm), and snowfall in the winter can be heavy, especially on the higher slopes. For comparison, the surrounding terrain has annual precipitation of around 40 to 50 in (1,000 to 1,300 mm). Flash flooding often occurs after heavy rain.

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in 1864 shortly after Gregory had led an ambush that routed a band of Confederates seeking to wreak havoc in the cove. Another incident was George Kirk's raid on Cataloochee, in which Kirk killed or wounded 15 Union soldiers recovering at a makeshift hospital.

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While selective logging occurred in the Great Smoky Mountains throughout the 19th century, the general inaccessibility of the forests prevented major logging operations, and lumber firms relied on the lowland forests in the northeastern United States and the

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to float logs down rivers to lumber mills in nearby cities. Notable splash dam and boom operations included the English Lumber Company on Little River, the Taylor and Crate operations along Hazel Creek, and the ambitious operations of

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Strong damaging winds (80 to 100 mph (130 to 160 km/h), or sometimes greater) are observed a few times each year around the Smoky Mountains during the cool season (October through April), as a result of a phenomenon known as

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in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is between 10 and 13 °F (6 and 7 °C) with highs and between 3 and 6 °F (2 and 3 °C) with lows. The difference between high temperatures is similar to the moist adiabatic

469: 3361:, eventually returned with her family and several other families to White Oak Flats, becoming the first permanent settlers in what would eventually become Gatlinburg. Their children and grandchildren spread out southward into the 3209:

controlled much of the region, and the Great Smoky Mountains lay at the center of their territory. One Cherokee legend tells of a magical lake hidden deep within the range but inaccessible to humans. Another tells of a captured

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occupied the valleys and slopes below approximately 4,950 feet (1,510 m). The persistent freezing and thawing during this period created the large blockfields that are often found at the base of large mountain slopes.

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The mean annual temperatures in the higher elevations in the Smokies are cool enough to support forest types more commonly found in the northern United States. The northern hardwood forests constitute the highest

3150:–1600 A.D.) lured Native Americans away from the game-rich forests of the Smokies and into the fertile river valleys on the outer fringe of the range. Substantial Mississippian-period villages were uncovered at 3158:(named after the Cherokee villages that later thrived at these sites) along the Little Tennessee River in the 1960s. Fortified Mississippian-period villages have been excavated at the McMahan Indian Mounds in 2123:

in a primordial ocean. In the Late Precambrian period, this ocean expanded, and the more recent Ocoee Supergroup rocks formed from accumulations of the eroding land mass onto the ocean's continental shelf.

2520:). The Fraser firs, which are native to southern Appalachia, once dominated elevations above 6,200 feet (1,900 m) in the Smokies. Most of these firs were killed, however, by an infestation of the 2527:

The main difference between the Southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest and the spruce-fir forests in northern latitudes is the dense broad-leaved understory of the former, which are home to

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The culture of the area is that of southern Appalachia, and previously the Cherokee people. Tourism is key to the area's economy, particularly in cities like Pigeon Forge, Gatlinburg, and

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The Great Smoky Mountains are home to 66 species of mammals, over 240 species of birds, 43 species of amphibians, 60 species of fish, and 40 species of reptiles. The range has the densest

3346:. Permanent settlers began arriving in these areas in the 1790s. In 1801, the Whaley brothers, William and John, moved from North Carolina to become the first settlers in what is now the 3276:

near the modern Oconaluftee Visitor Center, was the only known permanent Cherokee village located within the national park's boundaries. Sporadic or seasonal settlements were located in

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had been established to cater to elite Knoxvillians seeking summer mountain getaways. In the early 1920s, several Appalachian Club members, among them Knoxville businessman Colonel

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Heavy logging in the late 19th century and early 20th century devastated much of the forests of the Smokies, but the National Park Service estimates 187,000 acres (760 km) of

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The name "Smoky" comes from the natural fog that often hangs over the range and presents as large smoke plumes from a distance. This fog is caused by the vegetation emitting

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resident William Ogle arrived in White Oak Flats where he cut and prepared logs for cabin construction. Although Ogle died shortly after returning to Edgefield, his wife,

4726: 278:, which protects most of the range. The park was established in 1934 and, with over 11 million visits per year, is the most visited national park in the United States. 6545: 6083: 6283: 6758: 5845: 4188: 2619:

blooms in between the two, and all of the blooms progress from lower to higher elevations. The reverse is true in autumn, when nearly bare mountaintops covered in

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formed a Confederate legion made up mostly of Cherokee soldiers. Thomas' Legion crossed the Smokies in 1862 and occupied Gatlinburg for several months to protect

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The Great Smoky Mountains are home to The Gatlinburg SkyLift and SkyBridge. The SkyBridge is the longest skybridge in the United States, at about 680 feet long.

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brought conflict with the Cherokee, who still held legal title to much of the land. When the Cherokee aligned themselves with the British at the outbreak of the

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European explorers and settlers began arriving in Western North Carolina and East Tennessee in the mid-18th century. The influx of settlers at the end of the

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The Smokies are home to a diverse bird population due to the presence of multiple forest types. Species that thrive in southern hardwood forests, such as the

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on the Pigeon River. All three of these operations failed within their first few years, however, after their dams and boom systems were destroyed by floods.

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presses. Religion was a central theme in the lives of the early residents of the Smokies, and community life was typically centered on churches. Christian

2490: 298: 6733: 3749: 3125:–1000 B.C.) artifacts have been found within the national park's boundaries, including projectile points uncovered along likely animal migration paths. 105: 488:

in the southeast. The northwestern half of the range gives way to a series of elongate ridges known as the "Foothills," the outermost of which include

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communities scattered throughout the range's river valleys and coves. The park contains five historic districts and nine individual listings on the

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are part of a herd which was transplanted to Cataloochee in 2001, in an attempt to reintroduce the species to the Appalachians in North Carolina

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valley north of the Smokies, both spending a considerable amount of time at Chiaha. The Pardo expedition followed a trail across the flanks of

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is not believed to be native to the range but has moved into the area in recent years and is treated as a native species. Two species of fox (

6738: 6406: 5809: 3888: 3612: 3111: 4030:(Special Symposium on Mesoscale Meteorological Extremes: Understanding, Prediction, and Projection). American Meteorological Society: 5 pp. 2080:. Early Precambrian rocks, which include the oldest rocks in the Smokies, comprise the dominant rock type in the Raven Fork Valley (in the 6076: 5336: 4755:

Tennessee Historical Commission Marker IC-69, "The McMahan Indian Mound," in Sevierville, Tennessee. Information accessed 3 September 2007.

3366: 3222:ᏥᏧᏱ, or "rabbit place," and believed the mountain to be the domain of the Great Rabbit. Other Cherokee place names in the Smokies included 3151: 1113: 563: 332: 4965: 4420: 4078: 2131:

era, the ancient ocean had deposited a thick layer of marine sediments which left behind sedimentary rocks such as limestone. During the

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Wilson B. Townsend, the head of Little River Lumber, began advertising Elkmont as a tourist destination in 1909. Within a few years, the

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and 1939. The company also established company towns at Townsend (named for the company's chief owner and manager, Wilson B. Townsend),

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The understories of the cove hardwood forest contain dozens of species of shrubs and vines. Dominant species in the Smokies include the

2081: 659: 275: 3914:"An Evaluation of Temperature Variations around the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and their Associated Synoptic Weather Patterns" 3319:. By 1805, the Cherokee had ceded control of the Smokies to the U.S. government. Although much of the tribe was forced west along the 5819: 5759: 3347: 3338:

In the 1780s, several frontier outposts had been established along the outskirts of the Smokies, namely Whitson's Fort in what is now

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era saw the rapid erosion of the softer sedimentary rocks from the new mountains, re-exposing the older Ocoee Supergroup formations.

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in the lower elevations. The temperatures continued warming until around 6,000 years ago, when they began to gradually grow cooler.

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sightings are also not uncommon, and a peregrine falcon eyrie is known to have existed near Alum Cave Bluffs throughout the 1930s.

2543:. The herbaceous and litter layers are poorly lit year-round and are thus dominated by shade-tolerant plants such as ferns, namely 4706: 3012:, whose synchronized flashing light displays occur in mid-June, is native to the Smoky Mountains with a population epicenter near 392: 6698: 6025: 6005: 5960: 5399: 4830: 3332: 2896: 2243:

Over 130 species of trees are found among the canopies of the cove hardwood forests in the Smokies. The dominant species include

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The creation of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park proved much more complex than the creation of its predecessors, such as

1116:. Damaging winds can also be generated by strong thunderstorms, with tornadoes and strong thunderstorm complexes (also known as 6763: 6531: 6069: 5921: 5874: 5869: 5769: 5754: 5301: 4723: 4452: 4167: 3458: 2900: 524: 282: 6683: 6306: 5834: 5670: 5468: 4678: 4243: 3466: 3462: 3214:

medicine man named Aganunitsi who, in exchange for his freedom, travels to the remote sections of the range in search of the

3115: 517: 399: 377: 4596: 2756:, are found throughout the lower elevations and cove hardwood forests. Species more typical of cooler climates, such as the 2115:

The Precambrian gneiss and schists—the oldest rocks in the Smokies—formed over a billion years ago from the accumulation of

1100:(3.3 degrees Fahrenheit per 1,000 ft), while the smaller difference between low temperatures is the result of frequent 4295: 6538: 6458: 5749: 3821:"A Precipitation and Flood Climatology with Synoptic Features of Heavy Rainfall across the Southern Appalachian Mountains" 3445: 602:, the tallest mountain in Tennessee, which rises to an elevation of 6,643 feet (2,025 m). It has the range's highest 6688: 6571: 5412: 3470: 558:

Other major streams include Hazel Creek and Eagle Creek in the southwest, Raven Fork near Oconaluftee, Cosby Creek near

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Countians, 80% of Blount Countians, and 96% of Sevier Countians voted against secession. In the North Carolina Smokies—

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is contributing to increased red spruce tree mortality at higher elevations and oak decline at lower elevations, while

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Most Cherokee settlements were located in the river valleys on the outer fringe of the Smokies, which along with the

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of the northern hardwood canopy near Newfound Gap give way to the dark-green spruce-fir canopy as altitude increases

6429: 6401: 6391: 6220: 5944: 5128: 4657: 3453: 3305: 2706: 2612: 681: 607: 540: 339: 251: 60: 5311: 3136:- 1000 A.D.) sites found within the park contained 2,000-year-old ceramics and evidence of primitive agriculture. 2331:), which was arguably the most beloved tree of the range's pre-park inhabitants, was killed off by the introduced 388: 366: 3576: 3354: 3250: 3242: 3085: 2749: 1146: 297:

hardwood forests in the range's lower elevations are among the most diverse ecosystems in North America, and the

5208: 6753: 6250: 6030: 5824: 5632: 3608: 3246: 3073: 2769: 2698: 2528: 2355: 2085: 859: 544: 532: 505: 501: 64: 3746: 2623:(frozen fog) can be separated from green valleys by very bright and varied leaf colors. The rhododendrons are 2844:—one of two venomous snake species in the Smokies—are found at all elevations. The other venomous snake, the 570:. The Little Tennessee River passes through five impediments along the range's southwestern boundary, namely 6693: 3385: 3343: 3059: 2544: 2268: 1101: 509: 39: 35: 3296:

Communities past and present of the Great Smoky Mountains. The green areas denote the modern national park.

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villages in modern Tennessee from the Cherokee Middle towns in modern North Carolina. The Overhill town of

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While no major engagements took place in the Smokies, minor skirmishes were fairly common. Cherokee chief

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James Mooney, Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee (Nashville: Charles Elder, 1972).

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The Smokies are home to one of the world's most diverse salamander populations. Five of the world's nine

5314:—a collection of documents and early photographs regarding the Great Smokies and surrounding communities 4094: 4046: 3932: 3849: 3651: 3584: 3549: 3358: 3301: 3258: 3254: 3182: 3140: 3043: 2908: 2904: 2827: 2672: 2548: 2407: 2371: 2244: 2007: 1578: 988: 567: 457: 320: 259: 5980: 342:, chemicals that have a high vapor pressure and easily form vapors at normal temperature and pressure. 3820: 2627:, whose leaves droop in order to shed wet and heavy snows that come through the region during winter. 6651: 6378: 6350: 6265: 6255: 6101: 5970: 5864: 5804: 5604: 5501: 5367: 5254: 4614: 4028:"A mesoscale simulation of a mountain wave wind event associated with the Chimney Tops 2 fire (2016)" 3972: 3205:

By the time the first English explorers arrived in southern Appalachia in the late 17th century, the

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in the early 1990s ultimately failed. These wolves were removed from the park and relocated to the

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to the Mississippian-period villages at Chilhowee and Citico (Pardo's notary called them by their

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that covers the upper elevations is the largest of its kind. The Smokies are home to the densest

4412: 2227: 5320:—sound file samples of interviews of long-time residents of the Great Smokies conducted in 1939 4962: 4074: 3615:

opened in Townsend with the mission of preserving various aspects of the region's culture. The

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Gatlinburg, Mailing Address: 107 Park Headquarters Road; Us, TN 37738 Phone:436-1200 Contact.

3894: 3884: 3616: 3516: 3273: 3238: 3155: 2928: 2664: 2415: 2400: 2391: 2339: 2324: 2308: 2208: 2183: 1065: 760: 528: 290: 286: 227: 5076:"Focus On... Dying giants - Great Smoky Mountains National Park (U.S. National Park Service)" 3404:(kept corn dry and protected it from rodents). Some of the more industrious farmers operated 2818:, the most common hawk species, have been sighted at all elevations. Owl species include the 6439: 6355: 6316: 6185: 6010: 5680: 5299:

Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina

5234: 3980: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3530: 3339: 3257:(both village sites are now under Chilhowee Lake). A string of Overhill villages, including 3234: 3036: 3000: 2992: 2876: 2811: 2799: 2616: 2532: 2363: 2316: 2276: 2212: 2105: 984: 721: 559: 497: 493: 193: 3024: 2667:, the population of which drastically expanded with the creation of the national park. The 2565: 6616: 6601: 6486: 6471: 5524: 5473: 5306: 4969: 4834: 4730: 4710: 4600: 4456: 4107: 4059: 3945: 3862: 3753: 3384:

Like most of southern Appalachia, the early 19th-century economy of the Smokies relied on

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Most of these villages were part of a minor chiefdom centered on a large village known as

3126: 2857: 2815: 2773: 2753: 2745: 2332: 2252: 2116: 2050: 695: 536: 5916: 5894: 5317: 5075: 2219:) are occasionally found along streams and broad slopes above 3,500 feet (1,100 m). 3976: 3599: 2724: 6626: 6621: 6576: 6566: 6411: 6334: 6275: 6260: 6230: 6195: 6175: 6155: 6110: 5985: 5839: 5739: 5710: 5637: 5609: 5574: 5564: 5544: 5529: 5417: 5376: 4703: 3320: 2795: 2785: 2733: 2624: 2478: 2447: 2347: 2284: 2260: 1092: 1088: 1077: 1073: 970: 845: 826: 781: 579: 247: 239: 189: 172: 4827: 2403:

forest in the eastern United States. About 28,600 acres (116 km) are old-growth.

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and to the southeast by Soco Creek and Jonathan Creek. The Smokies comprise parts of

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The Smokies are home to over two dozen species of rodents, including the endangered

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area was first settled by the Caldwell family, who migrated to the valley in 1834.

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List of historical structures maintained by the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

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and empties into the Chilhowee Lake impoundment of the Little Tennessee River near

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Along with the biosphere reserve, the Great Smoky Mountains have been designated a

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The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Explorations of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566-1568

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have likely been hunting in the Great Smoky Mountains for 14,000 years. Numerous

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The cove hardwood forests in the stream valleys, coves, and lower mountain slopes

6586: 6512: 6396: 6329: 6298: 6240: 6045: 5814: 5700: 5647: 5594: 4953:(Johnson City, Tenn.: East Tennessee State University Press, 1965), pp. 217-233. 3490: 3389: 3316: 2983: 2975: 2967: 2833: 2761: 2741: 2737: 2702: 2648:

pounds (140 kg), although some grow to more than 500 pounds (230 kg).

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As for temperatures, the average temperature difference between the mountains (

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Vanquished Volunteers: East Tennessee Sectionalism from Statehood to Secession

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of salamanders are found in the range, consisting of up to 31 species. The

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are found among the outer reaches of the Foothills to the northwest and in

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Park Archaeologists Provide Clues to the Past and Future of the Human Race

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A Roadside Guide to the Geology of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

6507: 6324: 6118: 6061: 5693: 5384: 5279:—official nonprofit partner of the park, maps, guides, photos, and videos 3525: 3206: 2714: 2684: 2620: 2593: 2581: 2494: 2148: 2069: 2032: 1109: 5120: 3619:

baseball team plays in Sevierville and is named for the mountain range.

523:

The sources of several rivers are located in the Smokies, including the

452: 4972:, Great Smoky Mountains National Park website. Retrieved: 23 June 2015. 4764:

Iva Butler, "Archaeologists Pack Up Townsend Dig." The Maryville-Alcoa

3413: 3211: 2955: 2680: 2675:, which once thrived in the area, are still occasionally reported. The 2501: 2097: 380: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 209: 4746:, Vol. I (Norris, Tenn.: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1987), 1240–1246. 285:. The range is home to an estimated 187,000 acres (76,000 ha) of 5276: 5149: 4925:

Cataloochee Valley: Vanished Settlements of the Great Smoky Mountains

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in 1776, American forces launched an invasion of Cherokee territory.

3262: 3215: 3170: 2978:

is the only trout species native to the range, although northwestern

2959: 2848:, is typically found at lower elevations. Other reptiles include the 2676: 2668: 2597: 2156: 2147:—the mountain-building epoch that created the Appalachian range. The 2101: 2093: 2073: 2064:. The Ocoee Supergroup consists primarily of slightly metamorphosed 637: 599: 313: 88: 81: 5200: 5012:

Wilma Dykeman, The French Broad (New York: Rinehart, 1955), 167-174.

4940:(Sevierville, Tennessee: Sevierville Heritage Committee, 1986), 5–6. 3226:ᏚᏂᏍᏆᎫᏂ, or "forked antlers", which refers to the Chimney Tops, and 2608:

has longer leaves and white or light pink blooms in June and July.

2194:

The forests of the Smokies are typically divided into three zones:

5298: 5294:

Cornell University study on invasive balsam woolly adelgid control

4781:(Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 2005), 36-40, 105. 4374:(Blackburg, Va.: McDonald & Woodward Publishing Co., 1995), 1. 4123:"Appendix D: Koppen-Trewartha Climate Classification Descriptions" 3598: 3501: 3291: 3023: 2951: 2866: 2832: 2723: 2650: 2634: 2564: 2493:—also called the "boreal" or "Canadian" forest—is a relict of the 2477: 2385: 2226: 2077: 2044: 2025: 1091:

and the valleys (Park Headquarters around 1,600 feet (490 m)

462: 451: 5283:

National Weather Service Southern Appalachian Precipitation study

2143:

plates collided, destroying the ancient ocean and initiating the

5065:(Gatlinburg: Great Smoky Mountains Association, 2003), 125, 325. 3069: 2600:. There are two native species of rhododendron in the area. The 2458:

is home to diverse species such as coneflower, skunk goldenrod,

2406:

In the Smokies, the northern hardwood canopies are dominated by

901: 6527: 6065: 5332: 4650:

Biological Control: A Guide to Natural Enemies in North America

4530:(Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2004), 7, 13. 4285:(Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2004), 46-47. 2056:

Most of the rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains consist of Late

1076:, making the situation worse. Other post-hurricanes, including 5323: 2710: 2671:

is the only remaining wild cat species, although sightings of

2656: 2204:

The spruce-fir or boreal forest at the very highest elevations

349: 4470:

Notes on the Birds of the great smoky Mountains National Park

2903:—occur only in the general region. Other species include the 2615:

closely follows along with the catawbas. The closely related

305:

population in the Eastern United States and the most diverse

27:

American mountain range along North Carolina/Tennessee border

4472:(Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 1963), 12. 4205:(Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 1988), 32. 3682:

Great Smoky Mountains National Park: A Natural History Guide

3311:

The Middle towns, including Kittuwa, were burned by General

5264: 4883:(Portland, Ore.: Graphic Arts Center Publishing, 1993), 18. 2201:

The northern hardwood forests on the higher mountain slopes

5110:(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2000), 111-120. 4903:

Cades Cove: The Life and Death of An Appalachian Community

3373:

in 1836 to become the first Euro-American settlers in the

2788:, are found in the sruce-fir and northern hardwood zones. 2705:. The National Park Service has successfully reintroduced 3265:, dotted the Little Tennessee valley north of Chilhowee. 3092:

awareness, and providing volunteers for needed projects.

1145:. On the other hand, Gatlinburg's climate is four-season 5288: 5108:

The Great Smokies: From Natural Habitat to National Park

3473:

counties—about 46% of the population favored secession.

4298:." Knoxnews.com, 9 July 2006. Retrieved: 19 May 2008. 3756:," NASA.gov, 20 November 2011. Retrieved: 24 June 2013. 2466:, hydrangea, and several species of grasses and ferns. 4905:(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988), 1-9. 4870:(Winston-Salem: John F. Blair Publisher, 1995), 58–60. 4415:

All Things Considered, National Public Radio, 4-7-1998

3912:

David M. Gaffin; David G. Hotz; Terry I. Getz (2002).

2987:

different locales. Protected fish species include the

4528:

The Amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park

4283:

The Amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park

2923:

inhabits swift streams. Other amphibians include the

1104:

developing in the morning, especially during autumn.

840:

Intersection of Balsam crest and Great Smokies crest

4681:. Friends of the Smokies. 1995-06-30. Archived from 4026:

Ryan Shadbolt; Joseph Charney; Hannah Fromm (2019).

3139:

The increasing reliance upon agriculture during the

2802:

live in the drier pine-oak forests and heath balds.

2728:

Brook trout are native to the Great Smoky Mountains.

2611:

The orange- to sometimes red-flowered and deciduous

1080:

in 1989, have caused similar damage in the Smokies.

6500: 6457: 6420: 6377: 6368: 6343: 6315: 6297: 6274: 6146: 6132: 6109: 6100: 5953: 5930: 5907: 5732: 5709: 5679: 5646: 5618: 5510: 5492: 5449: 5426: 5398: 5375: 5366: 3444:While both Tennessee and North Carolina joined the 3315:, and several of the Overhill towns were burned by 3249:and the Little Tennessee, and the Overhill town of 496:. The range is roughly bounded on the south by the 208: 203: 185: 171: 163: 155: 136: 97: 87: 77: 72: 47: 4733:" (October 2004), 5-6. Retrieved: 28 August 2008. 4646:"Pseudoscymnus tsugae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)" 3705:"Old Growth in the East: A Survey. North Carolina" 3268:The Cherokee Middle towns included the village of 3253:was located just a few miles upstream near modern 3173:, which was located on an island now submerged by 289:, constituting the largest such stand east of the 4854:(Maryville, Tenn.: Stinnett Printing, 1989), 2-3. 4839:The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture 4296:Serene virgin forest gives respite from July heat 4127:Permaculture Design: Tools for Climate Resilience 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3603:The Great Smoky Mountains National Park in autumn 3436:; dominated the religious culture of the region. 3072:from both the Southeastern United States and the 2810:have been spotted at all elevations in the park. 2701:and 10 species of bats, including the endangered 543:. The largest stream entirely within the park is 2500:The spruce-fir forest consists primarily of two 2060:rocks that are part of a formation known as the 274:. The Smokies are best known as the home of the 5844:Rich Mountain, near Boone, Watauga County - 1) 4862: 4860: 3916:(NWS SR-221). NOAA Technical Memorandum: 8 pp. 3076:, and smog forecasts are prepared daily by the 923:Jesse Siler, who used the mountain for grazing 654:(1812–1897), surveyor; formerly Clingmans Dome 6555:The 20 highest major summits of North Carolina 4372:Mammals of Great Smoky Mountains National Park 4240:"Great Smoky Mountains - Nature & Science" 4225: 4223: 3874: 3872: 3632:List of subranges of the Appalachian Mountains 3323:in 1838, a few—largely through the efforts of 2604:has purple flowers in May and June, while the 1120:) occasionally affecting the Smoky Mountains. 1072:, and high winds, which were soon followed by 6539: 6077: 5344: 4938:Sugarlands: A Lost Community of Sevier County 4603:. 8 March 2007. Retrieved: 3 November 2008. 4459:. 24 July 2006. Retrieved: 3 November 2008. 4213: 4211: 4004:. National Weather Service - Morristown, TN. 8: 6744:Natural history of the Great Smoky Mountains 3814: 3812: 3652:"Great Smokies Parkway Top List of Visitors" 2887:is found only in the Smokies and the nearby 2837:A black rat snake on a trail near Greenbriar 539:watershed and are thus entirely west of the 270:, and the name is commonly shortened to the 6719:Landforms of Jackson County, North Carolina 6714:Landforms of Haywood County, North Carolina 4644:McClure, Mark S.; Cheah, Carole A. S. - J. 4450:Great Smoky Mountains National Park—Mammals 4187:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3400:(protected chickens from predators), and a 3028:Dead Fraser firs on the slopes of Old Black 480:The Great Smoky Mountains stretch from the 6546: 6532: 6524: 6374: 6106: 6084: 6070: 6062: 5372: 5351: 5337: 5329: 5312:The Great Smoky Mountains Regional Project 5289:Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont 4927:(Alexander, N.C.: Worldcomm, 1997), 17-32. 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 3054:, a type of beetle in the ladybug family, 1597: 1168: 327:that were once part of the numerous small 44: 6729:Landforms of Swain County, North Carolina 6289:North Carolina-Tennessee-Virginia Corners 5724:North Carolina-Tennessee-Virginia Corners 5318:Southern Appalachian English: Transcripts 5201:"Best Smoky Mountain Views and Lift Ride" 5121:"Travel Tips & Advice on the Smokies" 3984: 2580:grow in mountains and valleys, including 535:. Streams in the Smokies are part of the 440:Learn how and when to remove this message 4594:Great Smoky Mountains National Park—Fish 2719:Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge 2561:Wildflowers of the Great Smoky Mountains 2092:. They consist primarily of metamorphic 881:possibly Andres Thompson, early settler 616: 5464:Chestnut Mountain (Transylvania County) 5150:"Great Smoky Mountains Heritage Center" 3819:David M. Gaffin; David G. Hotz (2000). 3643: 3587:presiding over the opening ceremony at 3237:provided the main bulwark dividing the 2596:, the Dragon's Advocate and even hardy 1601:Climate data for Gatlinburg, Tennessee 1027:blanket left atop mountain by surveyor 904:at mountain's base mistaken for silver 6759:Subranges of the Appalachian Mountains 4180: 4103: 4092: 4055: 4044: 3941: 3930: 3858: 3847: 3684:(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993), 198. 2491:Southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest 2231:Cove hardwood forest along Cosby Creek 325:78 structures within the national park 299:Southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest 6724:Landforms of Sevier County, Tennessee 6704:Landforms of Blount County, Tennessee 5154:Great Smoky Mountains Heritage Center 4713:." 2001. Retrieved: 16 August 2008. 3613:Great Smoky Mountains Heritage Center 3548:The second-largest operation was the 3327:—managed to retain their land on the 2084:) and lower Tuckasegee River between 1123:The climate of Kuwohi is hemiboreal ( 59:The Smoky Mountains viewed from atop 38:. For the album by Conner Smith, see 7: 6709:Landforms of Cocke County, Tennessee 5025:(Knoxville: Olden Press, 1993), 1-3. 4963:Civil War Journal: Divided Loyalties 4841:, 2002. Retrieved: 5 November 2008. 4411:All Things Considered (1998-04-07). 4081:from the original on 4 February 2020 3830:(3). National Weather Digest: 3–15. 3703:Davis, Mary Byrd (23 January 2008). 3506:The Champion Fibre Company plant in 3489:is named), which was carried out by 3062:in an attempt to control the pests. 1141:, the area qualifies as part of the 1114:2016 Great Smoky Mountains wildfires 598:The highest point in the Smokies is 378:adding citations to reliable sources 333:National Register of Historic Places 266:. The range is sometimes called the 5775:Chestnut Mountain (Caldwell County) 4881:Great Smoky Mountains National Park 4615:"U.S. fireflies flashing in unison" 3792:"Natural Features & Ecosystems" 3767:"Natural Features & Ecosystems" 3485:resident Russell Gregory (for whom 3218:. The Cherokee called Gregory Bald 2275:; commonly called "tulip poplar"), 309:population outside of the tropics. 276:Great Smoky Mountains National Park 6636: 3245:was situated at the confluence of 3197:names, "Chalahume" and "Satapo"). 2883:is found only in the Smokies. The 2551:, and over 280 species of mosses. 476:A waterfall in the Smoky Mountains 25: 6734:Mountain ranges of North Carolina 5277:Great Smoky Mountains Association 2639:A black bear in the Great Smokies 1087:around 5,000 feet (1,500 m) 264:Blue Ridge Physiographic Province 5247: 5233: 4625:from the original on 6 July 2010 4121:Millison, Andrew (August 2019). 3333:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians 2897:southern gray-cheeked salamander 2713:. An attempt to reintroduce the 2178:Appalachian temperate rainforest 1137:). As with much of the southern 354: 143: 53: 5302:United States Geological Survey 5211:from the original on 2020-06-20 5131:from the original on 2018-11-19 4423:from the original on 2010-08-12 4246:from the original on 2011-12-27 4170:from the original on 2011-12-19 4133:from the original on 2020-03-24 4034:from the original on 2020-08-01 4008:from the original on 2019-10-06 3920:from the original on 2019-10-06 3837:from the original on 2020-08-01 3662:from the original on 4 May 2018 3342:and Wear's Fort in what is now 3078:Environmental Protection Agency 2901:southern Appalachian salamander 2485:stand near the summit of Kuwohi 803:Robert Collins, mountain guide 456:The Great Smoky Mountains near 365:needs additional citations for 283:International Biosphere Reserve 231: 4852:Hazel Creek From Then Till Now 1010:resemblance to cabin chimneys 606:at 4,503 feet (1,373 m). 34:. For the range in Idaho, see 1: 6459:Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians 5324:Smokies Road Trip, circa 1938 4724:Cades Cove Opportunities Plan 3144: 3130: 3119: 1934:Average snowfall inches (cm) 1505:Average snowfall inches (cm) 961:Russell Gregory (1805–1863), 6739:Mountain ranges of Tennessee 5063:History Hikes of the Smokies 3881:Southern Appalachian Weather 3392:(used for refrigeration), a 2539:, thornless blackberry, and 2191:and 2,000 species of fungi. 1118:mesoscale convective systems 167:Tennessee and North Carolina 93:6,643 ft (2,025 m) 5360:Mountains of North Carolina 4129:. Oregon State University. 3181:and the 1567 expedition of 3068:is dramatically reduced by 2572:atop the Ben Parton Lookout 1790:Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 1650:Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 1361:Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 1221:Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 743:Spruce-fir stand at summit 724:(1876–1944), park promoter 281:The Smokies are part of an 149:Appalachian Mountain system 6780: 4868:Footsteps of the Cherokees 4584:Dodd, 86-87, 230-231, 243. 4413:"Wild Hogs in the Smokies 4002:"What are mountain waves?" 3396:(used for curing meat), a 3230:ᎫᏩᎯ, or "mulberry place". 3099: 2663:Other mammals include the 2558: 2175: 2112:coves such as Cades Cove. 1999: 1600: 1570: 1171: 541:Eastern Continental Divide 340:volatile organic compounds 252:southeastern United States 29: 6561: 5023:The Last Train to Elkmont 3355:Edgefield, South Carolina 3177:. The 1540 expedition of 3162:and as well as mounds in 3086:Asheville, North Carolina 2750:ruby-throated hummingbird 1933: 1859: 1789: 1719: 1649: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1504: 1430: 1360: 1290: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1165:), typical of Tennessee. 1064:In 2004, the remnants of 141: 52: 30:For the lunar range, see 6031:Standing Indian Mountain 5825:Little Chestnut Mountain 5633:North Eaglenest Mountain 4722:National Park Service, " 3986:10.1175/2008WAF2007096.1 3959:David M. Gaffin (2009). 3879:David M. Gaffin (2012). 2917:spotted dusky salamander 2913:eastern red-spotted newt 2895:. Two other species—the 2770:yellow-bellied sapsucker 2699:northern flying squirrel 2454:) are also present. The 2382:Northern hardwood forest 2360:Rhododendron catawbiense 1172:Climate data for Kuwohi 1021:appx. 500 ft/152 m 860:James Archibald Hardison 484:in the northeast to the 323:preserves and maintains 65:Sevier County, Tennessee 6699:Geography of Appalachia 5125:VeraVise Outdoor Living 4923:Hattie Caldwell Davis, 4566:Dodd, 13, 120-129, 178. 4242:. Nps.gov. 2012-10-04. 3965:Weather and Forecasting 3448:at the outbreak of the 3386:subsistence agriculture 3331:and today comprise the 3040:hemlock woolly adelgids 2871:A redcheeked salamander 2470:beech gaps is unknown. 2273:Liriodendron tulipifera 2003:"Great Smoky Mountains" 1574:"Great Smoky Mountains" 1068:caused major flooding, 1004:appx. 200 ft/61 m 816:appx. 249 ft/76 m 389:"Great Smoky Mountains" 40:Smoky Mountains (album) 36:Smoky Mountains (Idaho) 6764:Western North Carolina 6387:Crab Orchard Mountains 5666:Little Yellow Mountain 5494:Great Craggy Mountains 5451:Great Balsam Mountains 4526:C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr., 4281:C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr., 4102:Cite journal requires 4054:Cite journal requires 3940:Cite journal requires 3857:Cite journal requires 3604: 3511: 3508:Canton, North Carolina 3478:William Holland Thomas 3325:William Holland Thomas 3297: 3044:balsam woolly adelgids 3029: 2893:Great Balsam Mountains 2881:red-cheeked salamander 2872: 2838: 2766:black-capped chickadee 2729: 2660: 2640: 2573: 2486: 2395: 2232: 2053: 2037: 1143:Appalachian Rainforest 1102:temperature inversions 1041:4,020 ft/1,225 m 1031:for a reference point 1018:4,607 ft/1,404 m 975:4,928 ft/1,502 m 952:4,949 ft/1,508 m 933:5,528 ft/1,684 m 914:5,597 ft/1,706 m 891:5,842 ft/1,781 m 872:5,909 ft/1,801 m 850:6,145 ft/1,873 m 831:6,145 ft/1,873 m 813:6,162 ft/1,878 m 794:6,197 ft/1,888 m 772:6,218 ft/1,895 m 751:6,215 ft/1,894 m 734:6,360 ft/1,939 m 712:6,431 ft/1,960 m 686:6,593 ft/2,010 m 676:(1807–1884), surveyor 664:6,621 ft/ 2,018m 652:Thomas Lanier Clingman 645:4,503 ft/1,373 m 642:6,643 ft/2,025 m 604:topographic prominence 486:Little Tennessee River 477: 460: 32:Smoky Mountains (Moon) 6684:Great Smoky Mountains 6148:Great Smoky Mountains 5512:Great Smoky Mountains 4073:David Gaffin (2012). 3796:National Park Service 3771:National Park Service 3602: 3585:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3550:Ritter Lumber Company 3505: 3350:section of the park. 3302:French and Indian War 3295: 3042:attack hemlocks, and 3027: 2909:blackbelly salamander 2905:shovelnose salamander 2870: 2836: 2828:northern saw-whet owl 2727: 2654: 2638: 2568: 2481: 2412:Betula alleghaniensis 2389: 2376:Hydrangea arborescens 2249:Betula alleghaniensis 2230: 2155:and were replaced by 2048: 2029: 2008:National Park Service 1579:National Park Service 1001:4,725 ft/1,440m 942:constant cloud cover 475: 458:Gatlinburg, Tennessee 455: 321:National Park Service 262:and form part of the 260:Appalachian Mountains 224:Great Smoky Mountains 121:35.56278°N 83.49861°W 48:Great Smoky Mountains 6652:Winter Star Mountain 6379:Cumberland Mountains 6351:Little Frog Mountain 6266:Woolly Tops Mountain 6256:Thunderhead Mountain 6102:Blue Ridge Mountains 6016:Occoneechee Mountain 5971:Cane Creek Mountains 5865:Spanish Oak Mountain 5810:Grandmother Mountain 5805:Grandfather Mountain 5605:Thunderhead Mountain 5502:Beaucatcher Mountain 5368:Blue Ridge Mountains 5285:(NWS Morristown, TN) 5255:United States portal 5205:Gatlinburg Tennessee 5097:Campbell, 13-18, 32. 4744:The Toqua Site—40MR6 4702:Lisa Byerley Gary, " 3717:on 17 February 2012. 3658:. 28 February 2018. 3141:Mississippian period 3082:Knoxville, Tennessee 3052:Pseudoscymnus tsugae 2862:northern water snake 2854:eastern fence lizard 2606:rosebay rhododendron 2602:catawba rhododendron 2529:catawba rhododendron 2522:balsam wooly adelgid 2356:Catawba rhododendron 2223:Cove hardwood forest 955:1,107 ft/337 m 929:Thunderhead Mountain 784:(1862–1931), author 689:1,360 ft/415 m 667:1,581 ft/482 m 374:improve this article 236:Equa Dutsusdu Dodalv 180:Blue Ridge Mountains 6689:Appalachian culture 6370:Appalachian Plateau 5909:Sauratown Mountains 5795:Fire Scale Mountain 5656:Big Yellow Mountain 4768:, 17 February 2001. 3977:2009WtFor..24...53G 3595:Culture and tourism 3426:Missionary Baptists 3313:Griffith Rutherford 3306:American Revolution 3288:European settlement 3185:passed through the 2941:northern green frog 2885:imitator salamander 2842:Timber rattlesnakes 2824:eastern screech owl 2721:in North Carolina. 2590:Dutchman's breeches 2189:non-vascular plants 2145:Alleghenian orogeny 2035:view of the Smokies 1720:Daily mean °F (°C) 1291:Daily mean °F (°C) 936:1087 ft/332 m 525:Little Pigeon River 520:in North Carolina. 317:World Heritage Site 126:35.56278; -83.49861 117: / 6749:Old-growth forests 6492:White Oak Mountain 6422:Cumberland Plateau 6251:Sugarland Mountain 6166:Chilhowee Mountain 6051:Whiteside Mountain 5991:Looking Glass Rock 5981:Devil's Courthouse 5932:Uwharrie Mountains 5885:Three Top Mountain 5860:Sassafras Mountain 5854:Rich Mountain Bald 5848:(SSW of Boone) 2) 5628:Eaglenest Mountain 5241:Environment portal 5001:Cataloochee Valley 4968:2015-06-23 at the 4833:2017-08-24 at the 4828:Overhill Cherokees 4826:Gerald Schroedl, " 4742:Richard Polhemus, 4729:2011-10-18 at the 4709:2008-10-13 at the 4654:Cornell University 4599:2011-11-26 at the 4508:Stupka, 12, 67-72. 4455:2011-11-26 at the 4440:Linzey, 1, 21, 40. 3752:2013-07-16 at the 3605: 3512: 3450:American Civil War 3440:American Civil War 3422:Primitive Baptists 3359:Martha Jane Huskey 3298: 3191:Chilhowee Mountain 3187:French Broad River 3030: 3014:Elkmont, Tennessee 3009:Photinus carolinus 2937:upland chorus frog 2873: 2850:eastern box turtle 2839: 2730: 2661: 2641: 2574: 2549:northern lady fern 2545:mountain wood fern 2487: 2444:Acer pensylvanicum 2428:Tilia heterophylla 2396: 2297:Magnolia acuminata 2238:Maddron Bald Trail 2233: 2161:Spruce-fir forests 2127:By the end of the 2082:Oconaluftee valley 2054: 2038: 917:337 ft/102 m 894:663 ft/202 m 797:465 ft/142 m 775:657 ft/200 m 715:577 ft/176 m 490:Chilhowee Mountain 478: 461: 73:Highest point 6671: 6670: 6647:Black Balsam Knob 6521: 6520: 6453: 6452: 6364: 6363: 6140:Big Frog Mountain 6134:Cohutta Mountains 6059: 6058: 6036:Terrells Mountain 6001:McAlpine Mountain 5996:Mayfield Mountain 5976:Crowders Mountain 5966:Big Butt Mountain 5940:Caraway Mountains 5903: 5902: 5852:(NW of Boone) 3) 5820:Humpback Mountain 5785:Doe Hill Mountain 5760:Bluerock Mountain 5689:Bob Stratton Bald 5661:Grassy Ridge Bald 5459:Black Balsam Knob 5436:Hibriten Mountain 4000:David M. Gaffin. 3890:978-0-533-16528-5 3883:. Vantage Press. 3617:Tennessee Smokies 3517:Mississippi Delta 3274:Oconaluftee River 3239:Overhill Cherokee 3020:Ecosystem threats 2929:American bullfrog 2800:downy woodpeckers 2665:white-tailed deer 2474:Spruce-fir forest 2420:Fagus grandifolia 2348:flowering dogwood 2344:Cercis canadensis 2325:American chestnut 2313:Tsuga caroliniana 2293:cucumber magnolia 2209:Appalachian balds 2184:old-growth forest 2106:sedimentary rocks 2023: 2022: 1594: 1593: 1066:Hurricane Frances 1053: 1052: 1044:300 ft/91 m 1015:Blanket Mountain 875:160 ft/48 m 853:134 ft/41 m 834:160 ft/48 m 761:Oconaluftee River 754:314 ft/96 m 737:170 ft/52 m 629:General location 547:, which rises in 529:Oconaluftee River 512:in Tennessee and 473: 450: 449: 442: 424: 291:Mississippi River 287:old-growth forest 242:rising along the 220: 219: 16:(Redirected from 6771: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6525: 6440:Lookout Mountain 6375: 6356:Holston Mountain 6317:Unicoi Mountains 6186:English Mountain 6107: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6063: 6011:Mulatto Mountain 5800:Flattop Mountain 5681:Unicoi Mountains 5428:Brushy Mountains 5373: 5353: 5346: 5339: 5330: 5307:History and maps 5268: 5267: 5265:Official website 5257: 5252: 5251: 5250: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5136: 5117: 5111: 5104: 5098: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5072: 5066: 5061:Michal Strutin, 5059: 5053: 5050: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5026: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5004: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4973: 4960: 4954: 4947: 4941: 4934: 4928: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4906: 4899: 4893: 4890: 4884: 4877: 4871: 4864: 4855: 4848: 4842: 4824: 4818: 4815: 4809: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4782: 4777:Charles Hudson, 4775: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4747: 4740: 4734: 4720: 4714: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4690: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4656:. Archived from 4641: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4610: 4604: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4558: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4531: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4509: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4482: 4479: 4473: 4466: 4460: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4368: 4362: 4361:Houk, 50, 54-55. 4359: 4353: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4326: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4299: 4292: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4218: 4215: 4206: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4186: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4155: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4013: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3943: 3938: 3936: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3876: 3867: 3866: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3845: 3843: 3842: 3836: 3825: 3816: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3763: 3757: 3745:Laura Naranjo, " 3743: 3737: 3734: 3728: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3710:. Archived from 3709: 3700: 3685: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3648: 3566:Appalachian Club 3562:Wonderland Hotel 3531:Alexander Arthur 3235:Unicoi Mountains 3179:Hernando de Soto 3149: 3146: 3135: 3134: 1000 B.C. 3132: 3124: 3121: 3112:Native Americans 3080:for both nearby 3001:duskytail darter 2993:yellowfin madtom 2816:Red-tailed hawks 2812:Peregrine falcon 2372:smooth hydrangea 2368:Kalmia latifolia 2329:Castanea dentata 2321:Tsuga canadensis 2309:Carolina hemlock 2301:shagbark hickory 2281:Halesia carolina 2217:Tsuga canadensis 2117:marine sediments 2062:Ocoee Supergroup 2051:Alum Cave Bluffs 2019: 2017: 2015: 1598: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1169: 1047:Western Smokies 1024:Western Smokies 1007:Central Smokies 985:Arno B. Cammerer 981:Eastern Smokies 958:Western Smokies 939:Western Smokies 920:Western Smokies 897:Eastern Smokies 878:Central Smokies 856:Eastern Smokies 837:Eastern Smokies 819:Eastern Smokies 800:Central Smokies 778:Central Smokies 757:Eastern Smokies 740:Eastern Smokies 718:Eastern Smokies 692:Central Smokies 670:Eastern Smokies 648:Central Smokies 617: 498:Tuckasegee River 494:English Mountain 474: 445: 438: 434: 431: 425: 423: 382: 358: 350: 233: 194:Unicoi Mountains 175: 147: 132: 131: 129: 128: 127: 122: 118: 115: 114: 113: 110: 57: 45: 21: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6754:Southern Sixers 6674: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6666: 6632:Mount Lyn Lowry 6617:Blackstock Knob 6602:Richland Balsam 6557: 6552: 6522: 6517: 6496: 6487:Powell Mountain 6472:Clinch Mountain 6449: 6435:Little Mountain 6416: 6360: 6339: 6311: 6293: 6270: 6142: 6128: 6096: 6090: 6060: 6055: 6026:South Mountains 6006:Mount Jefferson 5961:Albert Mountain 5949: 5945:Morrow Mountain 5926: 5899: 5728: 5705: 5675: 5642: 5614: 5525:Charlies Bunion 5506: 5488: 5474:Richland Balsam 5445: 5422: 5400:Black Mountains 5394: 5362: 5357: 5263: 5262: 5253: 5248: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5229: 5224: 5223: 5214: 5212: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5134: 5132: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5106:Daniel Pierce, 5105: 5101: 5096: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5029: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5007: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4980: 4976: 4970:Wayback Machine 4961: 4957: 4948: 4944: 4935: 4931: 4922: 4918: 4913: 4909: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4887: 4879:Carson Brewer, 4878: 4874: 4865: 4858: 4849: 4845: 4835:Wayback Machine 4825: 4821: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4785: 4776: 4772: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4741: 4737: 4731:Wayback Machine 4721: 4717: 4711:Wayback Machine 4701: 4697: 4688: 4686: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4663: 4661: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4613:Millus, Susan. 4612: 4611: 4607: 4601:Wayback Machine 4592: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4468:Arthur Stupka, 4467: 4463: 4457:Wayback Machine 4448: 4444: 4439: 4435: 4426: 4424: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4370:Donald Linzey, 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4293: 4289: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4249: 4247: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4221: 4216: 4209: 4200: 4196: 4179: 4173: 4171: 4157: 4156: 4145: 4136: 4134: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4101: 4091: 4084: 4082: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4053: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4011: 4009: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3939: 3929: 3923: 3921: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3891: 3878: 3877: 3870: 3856: 3846: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3823: 3818: 3817: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3775: 3773: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3754:Wayback Machine 3744: 3740: 3736:Houk, 112, 119. 3735: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3701: 3688: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3628: 3611:. In 2006, the 3597: 3558: 3500: 3442: 3329:Qualla Boundary 3290: 3203: 3147: 3133: 3127:Woodland period 3122: 3109: 3104: 3098: 3022: 2858:black rat snake 2796:whip-poor-wills 2786:Canada warblers 2774:dark-eyed junco 2754:tufted titmouse 2746:northern parula 2633: 2617:mountain laurel 2563: 2557: 2476: 2384: 2364:mountain laurel 2333:Chestnut blight 2317:eastern hemlock 2257:Tilia americana 2225: 2213:Eastern hemlock 2180: 2174: 2043: 2036: 2024: 2013: 2011: 2001: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1943: 1938: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1595: 1584: 1582: 1572: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1058: 696:Joseph Le Conte 596: 580:Calderwood Lake 537:Tennessee River 463: 446: 435: 429: 426: 383: 381: 371: 359: 348: 268:Smoky Mountains 173: 151: 150: 125: 123: 119: 116: 111: 108: 106: 104: 103: 68: 67:, in April 2007 43: 28: 23: 22: 18:Smoky Mountains 15: 12: 11: 5: 6777: 6775: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6694:East Tennessee 6691: 6686: 6676: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6627:Roan High Knob 6624: 6622:Waterrock Knob 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6577:Clingmans Dome 6574: 6569: 6567:Mount Mitchell 6563: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6553: 6551: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6482:House Mountain 6479: 6474: 6469: 6463: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6430:Brown Mountain 6426: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6414: 6412:Tri-State Peak 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6392:Cross Mountain 6389: 6383: 6381: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6335:Starr Mountain 6332: 6327: 6321: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6303: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6284:Snake Mountain 6280: 6278: 6276:Iron Mountains 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6263: 6261:Tricorner Knob 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6231:Mount Sequoyah 6228: 6223: 6221:Mount Le Conte 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6196:Mount Cammerer 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6176:Clingmans Dome 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6156:Anakeesta Knob 6152: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6138: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6115: 6113: 6111:Bald Mountains 6104: 6098: 6097: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6081: 6074: 6066: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5986:Kings Pinnacle 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5922:Pilot Mountain 5919: 5913: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5875:Sugar Mountain 5872: 5870:Stone Mountain 5867: 5862: 5857: 5856:(NNW of Boone) 5842: 5840:Pixie Mountain 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5770:Brown Mountain 5767: 5762: 5757: 5755:Beech Mountain 5752: 5747: 5742: 5740:Adams Mountain 5736: 5734: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5719:Snake Mountain 5715: 5713: 5711:Iron Mountains 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5638:Waterrock Knob 5635: 5630: 5624: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5610:Tricorner Knob 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5580:Mount Sterling 5577: 5575:Mount Sequoyah 5572: 5567: 5565:Mount Hardison 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5545:Mount Cammerer 5542: 5537: 5532: 5530:Clingmans Dome 5527: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5432: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5418:Mount Mitchell 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5381: 5379: 5377:Bald Mountains 5370: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5309: 5304: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5272:Species Mapper 5269: 5259: 5258: 5244: 5228: 5227:External links 5225: 5222: 5221: 5192: 5166: 5141: 5112: 5099: 5090: 5081: 5067: 5054: 5052:Oliver, 58-64. 5045: 5036: 5034:Oliver, 55-56. 5027: 5014: 5005: 4992: 4990:Dunn, 135-136. 4983: 4981:Oliver, 44-45. 4974: 4955: 4942: 4929: 4916: 4907: 4901:Durwood Dunn, 4894: 4885: 4872: 4866:Vicki Rozema, 4856: 4850:Duane Oliver, 4843: 4819: 4810: 4801: 4792: 4783: 4770: 4757: 4748: 4735: 4715: 4695: 4670: 4636: 4605: 4586: 4577: 4568: 4559: 4557:Dodd, 189-194. 4550: 4541: 4539:Dodd, 185-186. 4532: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4490:Stupka, 37-40. 4483: 4481:Stupka, 13-14. 4474: 4461: 4442: 4433: 4403: 4401:Linzey, 93-94. 4394: 4392:Linzey, 65-66. 4385: 4383:Linzey, 88-89. 4376: 4363: 4354: 4345: 4336: 4327: 4318: 4309: 4300: 4294:Marti Davis, " 4287: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4231: 4219: 4207: 4194: 4143: 4113: 4104:|journal= 4065: 4056:|journal= 4018: 3992: 3951: 3942:|journal= 3904: 3889: 3868: 3859:|journal= 3808: 3783: 3758: 3747:Volatile Trees 3738: 3729: 3720: 3686: 3673: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3624: 3596: 3593: 3557: 3554: 3499: 3496: 3441: 3438: 3410:general stores 3321:Trail of Tears 3289: 3286: 3224:Duniskwalgunyi 3202: 3199: 3116:Archaic period 3108: 3105: 3097: 3094: 3021: 3018: 2782:chestnut-sided 2734:red-eyed vireo 2632: 2629: 2586:Solomon's seal 2559:Main article: 2556: 2553: 2475: 2472: 2460:Rugels ragwort 2452:Aesculus flava 2448:yellow buckeye 2432:mountain maple 2424:White basswood 2416:American beech 2383: 2380: 2352:Cornus florida 2340:Eastern redbud 2335:in the 1920s. 2289:Acer saccharum 2265:Aesculus flava 2261:yellow buckeye 2224: 2221: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2173: 2170: 2137:North American 2042: 2039: 2030: 2021: 2020: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1568: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1167: 1110:mountain waves 1078:Hurricane Hugo 1074:Hurricane Ivan 1057: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 993: 992: 982: 979: 978:8 ft/2 m 976: 973: 971:Mount Cammerer 967: 966: 959: 956: 953: 950: 944: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 925: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 906: 905: 898: 895: 892: 889: 887:Mount Sterling 883: 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 864: 863: 857: 854: 851: 848: 846:Mount Hardison 842: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 827:Tricorner Knob 823: 822: 820: 817: 814: 811: 805: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 786: 785: 782:Horace Kephart 779: 776: 773: 770: 764: 763: 758: 755: 752: 749: 745: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 726: 725: 719: 716: 713: 710: 704: 703: 693: 690: 687: 684: 682:Mount Le Conte 678: 677: 671: 668: 665: 662: 656: 655: 649: 646: 643: 640: 634: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 608:Mount Le Conte 595: 592: 576:Chilhowee Lake 518:Haywood County 448: 447: 362: 360: 353: 347: 344: 250:border in the 248:North Carolina 240:mountain range 218: 217: 212: 206: 205: 201: 200: 190:Bald Mountains 187: 183: 182: 177: 169: 168: 165: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 148: 142: 139: 138: 134: 133: 101: 95: 94: 91: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 70: 69: 61:Mount Le Conte 58: 50: 49: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6776: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6657:Mount Collins 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6642:Mount Kephart 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6597:Mount Chapman 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6549: 6544: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6499: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6467:Bays Mountain 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6407:Pine Mountain 6405: 6403: 6402:Lone Mountain 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6308: 6307:Roan Mountain 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6216:Mount Kephart 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6206:Mount Collins 6204: 6202: 6201:Mount Chapman 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6161:Bote Mountain 6159: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6092:Mountains of 6087: 6082: 6080: 6075: 6073: 6068: 6067: 6064: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6021:Old Butt Knob 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5850:Rich Mountain 5847: 5846:Rich Mountain 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5835:Peak Mountain 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5780:Crossing Knob 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5671:Roan Mountain 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5620:Plott Balsams 5617: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5570:Mount Kephart 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5555:Mount Collins 5553: 5551: 5550:Mount Chapman 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5469:Cold Mountain 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5349: 5347: 5342: 5340: 5335: 5334: 5331: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5245: 5242: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5181: 5177: 5174:Wiluz, Ryan. 5170: 5167: 5155: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5116: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5100: 5094: 5091: 5085: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5049: 5046: 5043:Weals, 24-28. 5040: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4933: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4917: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4719: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4699: 4696: 4685:on 2013-01-13 4684: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4660:on 2008-05-31 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4640: 4637: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4590: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4487: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4446: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4422: 4418: 4416: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4349: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4288: 4284: 4278: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4229:Moore, 40-44. 4226: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4201:Harry Moore, 4198: 4195: 4190: 4184: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4117: 4114: 4109: 4096: 4080: 4076: 4069: 4066: 4061: 4048: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4019: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3993: 3987: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3934: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3851: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3713: 3706: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3601: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3570:David Chapman 3567: 3563: 3556:National park 3555: 3553: 3551: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3532: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3509: 3504: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3434:Presbyterians 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3418:Protestantism 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3294: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 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1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 990: 987:(1883–1941), 986: 983: 980: 977: 974: 972: 969: 968: 964: 960: 957: 954: 951: 949: 946: 945: 941: 938: 935: 932: 930: 927: 926: 922: 919: 916: 913: 911: 908: 907: 903: 899: 896: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 880: 877: 874: 871: 869: 866: 865: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 847: 844: 843: 839: 836: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 810: 807: 806: 802: 799: 796: 793: 791: 790:Mount Collins 788: 787: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 769: 768:Mount Kephart 766: 765: 762: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 746: 742: 739: 736: 733: 731: 728: 727: 723: 722:David Chapman 720: 717: 714: 711: 709: 708:Mount Chapman 706: 705: 702:, scientists 701: 700:John Le Conte 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 683: 680: 679: 675: 672: 669: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 618: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 594:Notable peaks 593: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 556: 554: 553:Chilhowee Dam 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 519: 515: 511: 507: 506:Sevier County 503: 502:Blount County 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 459: 454: 444: 441: 433: 430:November 2021 422: 419: 415: 412: 408: 405: 401: 398: 394: 391: – 390: 386: 385:Find sources: 379: 375: 369: 368: 363:This section 361: 357: 352: 351: 345: 343: 341: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 315: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 279: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 254:. They are a 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 229: 225: 216: 213: 211: 207: 202: 199: 198:Plott Balsams 195: 191: 188: 184: 181: 178: 176: 170: 166: 162: 159:United States 158: 154: 146: 140: 135: 130: 102: 100: 96: 92: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 71: 66: 62: 56: 51: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6592:Mount Gibbes 6445:Walden Ridge 6246:Spence Field 6226:Mount Mingus 6191:Gregory Bald 6171:Chimney Tops 6147: 5917:Moore's Knob 5895:Woody's Knob 5890:Tomkins Knob 5830:Mount Pisgah 5750:Bee Mountain 5600:Spence Field 5535:Gregory Bald 5520:Andrews Bald 5511: 5484:Tanasee Bald 5479:Shining Rock 5213:. Retrieved 5204: 5195: 5183:. Retrieved 5180:knoxnews.com 5179: 5169: 5157:. Retrieved 5153: 5144: 5133:. Retrieved 5124: 5115: 5107: 5102: 5093: 5084: 5070: 5062: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5030: 5022: 5017: 5008: 5000: 4995: 4986: 4977: 4958: 4950: 4945: 4937: 4936:Jerry Wear, 4932: 4924: 4919: 4914:Oliver, 8-9. 4910: 4902: 4897: 4888: 4880: 4875: 4867: 4851: 4846: 4838: 4822: 4817:Mooney, 516. 4813: 4808:Mooney, 407. 4804: 4799:Mooney, 299. 4795: 4786: 4778: 4773: 4765: 4760: 4751: 4743: 4738: 4718: 4698: 4687:. Retrieved 4683:the original 4673: 4662:. Retrieved 4658:the original 4649: 4639: 4627:. Retrieved 4619:Science News 4618: 4608: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4562: 4553: 4544: 4535: 4527: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4469: 4464: 4445: 4436: 4425:. Retrieved 4414: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4371: 4366: 4357: 4352:Houk, 50-53. 4348: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4316:Houk, 25-26. 4312: 4307:Houk, 24-25. 4303: 4290: 4282: 4277: 4272:Houk, 21-23. 4268: 4259: 4248:. Retrieved 4234: 4217:Houk, 10–17. 4202: 4197: 4172:. Retrieved 4163: 4135:. Retrieved 4126: 4116: 4095:cite journal 4083:. Retrieved 4068: 4047:cite journal 4036:. Retrieved 4021: 4010:. Retrieved 3995: 3971:(1): 53–75. 3968: 3964: 3954: 3933:cite journal 3922:. Retrieved 3907: 3880: 3850:cite journal 3839:. Retrieved 3827: 3799:. Retrieved 3795: 3786: 3774:. Retrieved 3770: 3761: 3741: 3732: 3723: 3712:the original 3681: 3676: 3664:. Retrieved 3655: 3646: 3621: 3606: 3589:Newfound Gap 3574: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3513: 3491:bushwhackers 3487:Gregory Bald 3475: 3443: 3420:—especially 3398:chicken coop 3383: 3371: 3367:Roaring Fork 3352: 3344:Pigeon Forge 3337: 3310: 3299: 3267: 3247:Abrams Creek 3232: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3204: 3175:Douglas Lake 3168: 3138: 3110: 3090: 3064: 3051: 3031: 3007: 3006:The firefly 3005: 2997:spotfin chub 2989:smoky madtom 2949: 2874: 2840: 2790: 2778:Blackburnian 2731: 2707:river otters 2696: 2689: 2662: 2642: 2613:flame azalea 2610: 2575: 2570:Rhododendron 2533:mountain ash 2526: 2517: 2510:Picea rubens 2509: 2499: 2488: 2468: 2451: 2443: 2435: 2427: 2419: 2411: 2408:yellow birch 2405: 2401:broad-leaved 2397: 2375: 2367: 2359: 2351: 2343: 2337: 2328: 2320: 2312: 2304: 2296: 2288: 2280: 2272: 2264: 2256: 2248: 2245:yellow birch 2242: 2234: 2216: 2207: 2193: 2181: 2166: 2159:vegetation. 2153: 2135:period, the 2126: 2121:igneous rock 2114: 2061: 2055: 2014:November 25, 2012:. Retrieved 2006: 1864:inches (mm) 1585:November 25, 1583:. Retrieved 1577: 1435:inches (mm) 1158: 1150: 1134: 1127: 1122: 1106: 1085:Newfound Gap 1082: 1063: 1059: 1029:Return Meigs 997:Chimney Tops 948:Gregory Bald 868:Andrews Bald 862:(1867–1930) 748:Luftee Knob 674:Arnold Guyot 632:Named after 611: 597: 588:Fontana Lake 572:Tellico Lake 564:Roaring Fork 557: 545:Abrams Creek 533:Little River 522: 514:Swain County 510:Cocke County 482:Pigeon River 479: 436: 427: 417: 410: 403: 396: 384: 372:Please help 367:verification 364: 337: 311: 280: 271: 267: 235: 223: 221: 174:Parent range 6637:Luftee Knob 6587:Balsam Cone 6582:Mount Guyot 6572:Mount Craig 6513:Penile Hill 6397:Frozen Head 6330:Oswald Dome 6299:Unaka Range 6241:Silers Bald 6211:Mount Guyot 6046:Wesser Bald 5815:Howard Knob 5701:Hooper Bald 5648:Unaka Range 5595:Silers Bald 5560:Mount Guyot 5413:Mount Craig 5021:Vic Weals, 4949:Eric Lacy, 4892:Brewer, 18. 4766:Daily Times 4499:Stupka, 42. 4419:. Npr.org. 4164:www.nps.gov 3680:Rose Houk, 3577:Yellowstone 3522:splash dams 3446:Confederacy 3390:springhouse 3379:Cataloochee 3375:Hazel Creek 3317:John Sevier 3282:Hazel Creek 3160:Sevierville 3123: 8000 3058:, has been 3048:Fraser firs 2984:brown trout 2976:brook trout 2804:Bald eagles 2762:winter wren 2742:wild turkey 2738:wood thrush 2703:Indiana bat 2578:wildflowers 2555:Wildflowers 2305:Carya ovata 2285:sugar maple 2277:silverbells 2187:species of 2104:. Cambrian 2090:Bryson City 2058:Precambrian 2031:180-degree 1147:subtropical 910:Silers Bald 660:Mount Guyot 626:Prominence 584:Cheoah Lake 329:Appalachian 319:. The U.S. 232:ᎡᏆ ᏚᏧᏍᏚ ᏙᏓᎸ 215:Alleghanian 124: / 99:Coordinates 6678:Categories 6662:Marks Knob 6477:Mount Evil 6041:Wayah Bald 5880:Table Rock 5765:Brier Knob 5745:Bear's Paw 5590:Shuckstack 5540:Marks Knob 5441:Pores Knob 5215:2020-06-25 5135:2018-11-18 5088:Weals, 27. 4689:2013-01-02 4679:"About Us" 4664:2008-11-25 4548:Dodd, 123. 4517:Houk, 131. 4427:2013-01-02 4250:2013-01-02 4174:2020-11-25 4137:2020-11-25 4085:18 January 4038:2020-04-03 4012:2019-10-06 3924:2019-10-06 3841:2019-10-06 3638:References 3430:Methodists 3406:gristmills 3394:smokehouse 3377:area. 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