171:. Cigarettes now became very cheap to make in large quantities. The less expensive Woodbine cigarette brand became a marketing sensation starting in 1888. Ignoring initial doubts about the market potential of cigarettes compared to pipe tobacco, Wills saw sales increase leaving the small competitors far behind in the new cigarette market. In 1901, Wills faced strong competition from Duke's American Tobacco Company. Duke entered the English market with an alliance with Ogden's and a heavily advertised brand, "Guinea Gold," the first Virginia cigarette made in England. Wills strategically merged with the other British rivals to secure its dominance in the British market. Wills contributed 58% of the £12 million pounds capital of Imperial Tobacco, with the rest coming from 12 competitors. Wills easily dominated the new company and by the strong leadership of
555:
618:
375:
Egypt, with luxury
Egyptian brands being exported worldwide. The Egyptian cigarette industry became a significant export sector, influencing global trends, and was notable for being one of the earliest non-Western producers of internationally traded manufactured goods. This industrial growth was surprising as Egypt primarily focused on exporting raw materials and importing finished goods until then. Despite facing challenges such as poor-quality Egyptian-grown tobacco and a tobacco cultivation ban in 1890, the Egyptian cigarette industry thrived and became renowned in the region. Cigarettes made from Eastern tobacco were exported worldwide, solidifying Egypt's position as a key player in the world of tobacco production and trade.
600:
468:
609:
1037:
645:
1013:
456:
591:
497:
636:
627:
582:
30:
1025:
573:
546:
564:
1001:
977:
989:
110:
144:
444:
102:
business prospered it did not become a major concern until his son Don José Joaquin
Carreras began to specialise in the blending of tobaccos and snuff. The company produced blends to suit the individual tastes of the highest members of society, with customers visiting his showrooms to select their own tobaccos. Some of Don José's tobacco brands became world-famous, including Guards' Mixture and Hankey's Mixture. Over one thousand brands of cigar could be bought from Carreras, together with snuffs, cigarettes, and pipes.
190:
228:
291:
3000:
920:, the House of Commons voted 367–113 in March 2015 to pass the Children and Families Act 2014, which gave the government the power to require plain packaging for tobacco products. This came into force on 20 May 2016, but tobacco companies were given one year to sell off remaining stock, after which all tobacco products sold in the UK would have to follow plain packaging laws.
212:, just west of the city centre. They filled three large blocks. The business became a private limited company in 1895, with a share capital of £200,000. The business was later run by Player's sons John Dane Player and William Goodacre Player. In 1901, in response to competitive threats from the American Tobacco Company, Player's merged with the new Imperial Tobacco Company.
121:, who had rights to a rival American machine. In June 1903, Carreras became a public company with Barton in charge. Its cigarettes now competed with the Imperial Tobacco Group as well as American Tobacco Company. In 1904, an allied cigarette company was established, Carreras and Marcianus Ltd. It introduced three new brands including
2131:
357:
is one of the oldest industries and provides livelihood to more than five million people directly and indirectly. India is the second-largest producer of tobacco in the world. Tobacco was introduced to India in the 17th century. It later merged with existing practices of smoking (mostly of cannabis).
76:
which can be directly linked with smoking, though early deaths from smoking relieve the NHS from caring for long-term debilities. Successive UK Governments have endeavoured to reduce the prevalence of smoking. As part of this commitment, the NHS currently offers free help to smokers who want to quit.
661:
that smoking is the single greatest cause of preventable illness and early death, with around 107,000 people dying in 2007 from smoking-related diseases, including cancers, in the UK. Around 86% of lung cancer deaths in the UK are caused by tobacco smoking; overall tobacco smoking is estimated to be
101:
The House of
Carreras began trading in 1788 under a Spanish nobleman, Don José Carreras Ferrer, who fought with the Wellington in the Peninsular War. Carreras began trading in London at a time when cigars were increasing in popularity and Don José became a pioneer in his field. However, although the
904:
in retailers larger than 280 square metres (3000 sq. ft.) in
England. The ban affected small retailers three years later on 6 April 2015. In Scotland, a ban on the display of tobacco products for large retailers entered into force in April 2013. The ban for display for small retailers entered into
374:
According to historian Relli
Shechter, in the late 19th century, the cigarette emerged as a fashionable way to consume tobacco and gained popularity not only in Egypt but also globally and within the Ottoman Empire. Under British control 1882–1922, cigarettes became the preferred smoking choice in
166:
featuring famous
English personalities. Wills gained market share by introducing branded tobaccos and began pre-packaging their products, which allowed for wider distribution through regular retail shops rather than just specialized outlets. In 1883, Wills acquired the exclusive British rights to
383:
In 1973, the
Imperial Tobacco Company, having become increasingly diversified by acquisition of (amongst others) restaurant chains, food services and distribution businesses, changed its name to Imperial Group while tobacco products continued to be sold by a newly formed subsidiary named Imperial
67:
for
Scotland. It is also illegal to smoke in a car if one is transporting people under 18 or if a vehicle is being used for work purposes. Smoking is prevalent among a sizeable, but continuously reducing minority of the population. It has been argued that smoking puts considerable strain upon the
161:
According to B.W.E. Alford, in the first century after its founding in
Bristol in 1786, Wills was one of many small firms processing loose tobacco for the competitive British market. It bested the competition by maintaining the quality of the pipe tobaccos and reliance on effective salesmanship.
105:
The business remained in the hands of the
Carreras family until 1894, when Mr. W J Yapp, a well-known figure in the shoe leather industry, took control. The House of Carreras became a London landmark, and it was here that Prince Edward (later Edward VII) often came to select the finest cigars.
283:, Franklyn Davey, Edwards Ringer & Bigg, Hignett Brothers, Hignett's Tobacco, Adkins & Sons, Richmond Cavendish, D&J MacDoland and F&J Smith joined in the amalgamation. In 1904, James & Finlay Bell Ltd merged with Stephen Mitchell & Son. The Company's first chairman was
128:
Baron chose many novel schemes for the promotion of Carreras’ pipe tobacco and cigarette brands. In 1909, the company introduced the Baron automatic pipe filler in cartridges, which revolutionised pipe smoking and sold by the millions. Other brands were introduced before the First World War
669:
states that due to the drive to help smokers quit smoking, Britain has the world's largest reduction in the number of deaths from lung cancer. In 1950, the UK had one of the highest rates in the world. The annual number of deaths from lung cancer in 2000 was half of what it was in 1965.
488:
In 2015, it was reported smoking rates in England had fallen to just 16.9%, a record low. In 2018, the UK smoking rate had fallen to 14.4%. 25–34 year olds had the highest smoking rate, with approximately 1 in 5 people within this age range (around 1.4 million adults) being smokers.
425:(later Chairman) and Albert Jeffress (later Deputy Chairman); then business was begun in countries as diverse as Canada, China, Germany, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. It is based in London but does not sell to consumers in the United Kingdom or in the United States.
891:
On 1 October 2015, a law was passed which banned smoking in vehicles with anyone under eighteen years of age present. The law does not apply to e-cigarettes, if the driver is seventeen years of age and alone in the vehicle, or in a convertible with the roof completely down.
673:
Reducing the prevalence of smoking to 5% could avoid nearly 100,000 new cases of smoking-related disease including 35,900 cancers over twenty years and save £67,000,000 a year in health- and social-care costs, according to research commissioned by Cancer Research UK.
480:
In 1962, over 70% of British men and 40% of British women smoked. As recently as 1974, 45% of the British population smoked. This was down to 30% by the early 1990s, 21% by 2010, and 19.3% by 2013, the lowest level recorded for eighty years. An annual
957:
The annual Smokefree GB survey, published in May 2017, concluded that 52% of the 2.9 million British e-cigarette users are now ex-smokers. 26% of respondents thought e-cigarettes were as harmful as real cigarettes. In March 2017, it was reported by
125:, the first cigarette in Britain to contain coupons that were redeemable for gifts. In 1905 yet more brands were introduced such as Chick, Jetty, and Sweet Kiss. Sales were good and in 1906 it added new brands such as Carreras Ovals and Seven Up.
934:
Despite the name "e-cigarette," these devices contain no tobacco and produce no smoke. They are used as an alternative to smoking, or as devices where it increasingly looks like they are helping young people avoid smoking. Two hospitals run by
492:
In 2019, one in five Scottish people — 850,000 adults — identified as smokers. Approximately 28% of men and 25% of women in Scotland smoked regularly in 2018, a rate higher than that of the United Kingdom as a whole.
417:, the "British-American Tobacco Company Ltd." The parent companies agreed not to trade in each other's domestic territory and to assign trademarks, export businesses and overseas subsidiaries to the joint venture.
129:
including Fireball, Golden Clipper, Red Route Mixture, and Life Ray. The 1914-18 war caused a rapid acceleration in cigarette smoking and Carreras was to the fore in supplying cigarettes to the armed forces.
1036:
1012:
796:(7) The constable may dispose of any tobacco product or cigarette papers surrendered to the constable in such manner as the constable considers appropriate. (8) In this section "public place" includes—
1024:
709:
391:
for £2.5 billion. In 1996, following a decision to concentrate on core tobacco activities, Hanson de-merged Imperial and it was listed as an independent company on the UK stock exchange.
721:
306:. The parent companies agreed not to trade in each other's domestic territory and to assign trademarks, export businesses, and overseas subsidiaries to the joint venture. It built the
2776:
1533:
528:
had rates of 5.1% and 5.9%. It is estimated that in some of the most deprived communities in Scotland, smoking rates may be as high as 47%. An estimated 40% of adults smoke in the
1000:
884:
Smoking in workplaces and enclosed public spaces has been illegal since 26 March 2006 in Scotland, 2 April 2007 in Wales, 30 April 2007 in Northern Ireland and 1 July 2007 in
314:, South Carolina, US between 1908, and 1913. It also established its own leaf-buying organisation in the United States through its building, the Imperial Tobacco Warehouse, in
976:
64:
59:
enacted separately in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is illegal to smoke tobacco in enclosed public places, such as restaurants, shops or pubs, under the
909:
827:
1347:
988:
936:
554:
189:
2082:
857:(2) Any tobacco or cigarette papers seized under paragraph (1) shall be disposed of in such a manner as the Police Authority for Northern Ireland may direct.
2766:
617:
599:
967:
In 2019, there were estimated to be 3 million e-cigarette users in Great Britain, with approximately half reporting using them as an aid to stop smoking.
964:
that the UK's e-cigarette boom is in decline, with the number of people using e-cigarettes in Britain decreasing for the first time since their launch.
608:
467:
208:. This business expanded and earned Wright a comfortable fortune. John Player bought the business in 1877. He had the Castle Tobacco Factories built in
496:
2910:
644:
533:
2100:
1504:
590:
529:
455:
635:
626:
581:
117:
To enter the cigarette market Carreras need high speed machine like the Bonsack machine, on which Wills had a monopoly. The opportunity came from
29:
572:
545:
3036:
2212:
Shechter, Relli. "Reading advertisements in a colonial/development context: Cigarette advertising and identity politics in Egypt, c1919-1939."
761:
708:
From 1908 until 2007, the purchase age was aligned with the minimum age to consume such products, at 16 years of age. From 1 October 2007, the
509:
2265:
720:
Until 30 September 2007, the minimum age to purchase and consume tobacco products in public was 16 years of age. From 30 September 2007, the
849:(1) A member of the Police Service of Northern Ireland may seize any tobacco or cigarette papers in the possession of any person apparently
284:
172:
563:
2184:
Cox, Howard. "International business, the state and industrialisation in India: Early growth in the Indian cigarette industry, 1900-19."
1610:
2205:
Shechter, Relli. "Selling luxury: The rise of the Egyptian cigarette and the transformation of the Egyptian tobacco market, 1850–1914."
826:
Until 31 August 2008, the minimum age to purchase and consume tobacco products in public was 16 years of age. From 1 September 2008 the
193:
1252:
Relli Shechter, "Selling luxury: The rise of the Egyptian cigarette and the transformation of the Egyptian tobacco market, 1850–1914."
804:(b) any place to which the public doesn't have access but to which the person mentioned in subsection (1) has unlawfully gained access.
109:
2761:
879:
683:
2895:
2711:
794:
the constable may require the person to surrender the tobacco product or, as the case may be, the cigarette papers to the constable.
307:
1847:
1458:
2107:
Disease prevention as social change: The state, society, and public health in the United States, France, Great Britain, and Canada
2872:
2095:
Jonsson, Fredrik Albritton. "Scottish tobacco and rhubarb: the natural order of civil cameralism in the Scottish Enlightenment."
2960:
1351:
1318:
1292:
1266:
1176:
751:(1) A person aged 18 or over who knowingly buys or attempts to buy a tobacco product or cigarette papers on behalf of a person
3013:
2935:
2831:
2811:
363:
321:
American Tobacco sold its share of Imperial in 1911. Imperial maintained an interest in British American Tobacco until 1980.
215:
W.D. & H.O. Wills in 1887 was one of the first companies to include advertising cards with their cigarettes, but it was
2877:
2547:
239:
The Imperial Tobacco Company was created in 1901, through the amalgamation of 13 British tobacco and cigarette companies:
2746:
2609:
1059:
1921:
2721:
255:, and 11 other independent family businesses, which were in competition with companies from the United States by the
2198:
Menard, Russell R. "Plantation empire: How sugar and tobacco planters built their industries and raised an empire."
443:
143:
2806:
2623:
2393:
162:
Their well-paid salesmen provided valuable feedback about consumer preferences and promotional tactics, like using
73:
2217:
2706:
2681:
2472:
2258:
732:(1) A person who sells a tobacco product or cigarette papers to a person under the age of 18 commits an offence.
268:
153:
1992:
801:(a) any place to which the public have access for the time being (whether on payment of a fee or otherwise), and
2636:
505:
410:
406:
400:
303:
299:
256:
205:
122:
96:
2137:
1558:
1387:"Supplemental Information 3: An excerpt from Data Downloads page, where users can download original datasets"
2756:
2398:
2307:
2126:
Shahab, Lion, and Robert West. "Public support in England for a total ban on the sale of tobacco products."
954:
in which it proposed a ban on the use of e-cigarettes in public spaces. The Bill was subsequently defeated.
913:
666:
311:
280:
69:
2900:
2771:
2444:
2373:
2368:
2323:
2067:
Gray, Stanley, and Vertrees Judson Wyckoff. "The international tobacco trade in the seventeenth century."
1833:
1202:
885:
349:
315:
260:
52:, as well as the history of the tobacco industry, together with government regulation and medical issues.
41:
1998:
Best, Joel. "Economic interests and the vindication of deviance: tobacco in seventeenth century Europe."
2836:
2631:
2333:
2227:
2157:
2047:
1404:
1231:
940:
2731:
248:
216:
184:
2163:
Taylor, Alexander G. "Tobacco retail licences and state formation in early modern England and Wales."
2027:
2010:
1869:
2887:
2867:
2783:
2563:
2439:
2403:
2348:
2338:
2251:
2160:, covers the manufacture of all forms of tobacco in United Kingdom, as well as government regulation.
1977:
Arnott, Deborah, et al. "Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in England: how advocacy won the day."
929:
517:
330:
240:
168:
138:
56:
1755:
1729:
724:
became effective, raising the minimum purchase, consumption, and possession age to 18 years of age.
3008:
2736:
2690:
2573:
2388:
2383:
1972:
960:
901:
830:
became effective, raising the minimum purchase, consumption and possession age to 18 years of age.
418:
276:
209:
2980:
2940:
2685:
2583:
2578:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2451:
2423:
2302:
1562:
658:
513:
422:
1781:
1584:
842:
any tobacco or cigarette papers, whether for his own use or not, shall be guilty of an offence.
2955:
2798:
2751:
2599:
2568:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2497:
2487:
2418:
2413:
1929:
694:
662:
responsible for more than a quarter of cancer deaths in the UK, around 43,000 deaths in 2007.
520:
had consistently high smoking prevalence rates of 22.2% and 23.4% respectively in 2019, while
334:
63:
for England and Wales, the Smoking (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 for Northern Ireland and the
3003:
2985:
2862:
2826:
2726:
2716:
2701:
2517:
2408:
2378:
2363:
2343:
2328:
2297:
2222:
Shechter, Relli. "Glocal mediators: marketing in Egypt during the open-door era (infitah)."
1965:
The Social History of Smoking: A Sweeping Chronicle of the World's Most Prevalent Addiction
1876:
1390:
947:
778:(1) Where a constable has reasonable grounds for suspecting that a person in a public place—
354:
345:
2005:
Butler, Todd. "Power in smoke: the language of tobacco and authority in Caroline England."
2816:
2696:
2646:
2604:
2358:
2353:
2274:
1417:
1053:
227:
163:
60:
1968:
1898:
1677:
2044:
The global cigarette : origins and evolution of British American Tobacco, 1880-1945
1982:
1505:"Turning the tide on tobacco: Smoking in England hits a new low - Public health matters"
290:
2965:
2238:
2110:
2037:
863:
482:
118:
49:
3030:
2930:
2788:
2641:
828:
Children and Young Persons (Sale of Tobacco etc.) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2008
809:
743:
who buys or attempts to buy a tobacco product or cigarette papers commits an offence.
521:
414:
1532:
Windsor-Shellard, Ben; Horton, Marie; Scanlon, Sophie; Manders, Beth (6 July 2020).
1322:
1296:
1270:
1180:
1142:
Sheila A. Mason, "Tobacco and lace: the growth of John Player and sons, 1881-1903."
2975:
2970:
2656:
1809:"What's going on with cigarette packets as menthol cigarettes are banned from 2020"
1463:
219:
in 1893 that produced one of the first general interest sets 'Castles and Abbeys'.
2115:
Rive, Alfred. "A Brief History of Regulation and Taxation of Tobacco in England."
1632:
17:
2945:
2905:
2850:
2741:
1395:
1386:
951:
846:
Section 5: Seizure of tobacco, etc. in possession of persons apparently under 18
359:
148:
2195:(Oxford University Press, 2015); covers Australia, Canada, and UK among others.
1899:"More than half of e-cigarette users have quit smoking tobacco, survey reveals"
1703:
1834:"Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2011–2014"
835:
Section 3: Prohibition on sale of tobacco, etc. to persons apparently under 18
525:
388:
252:
201:
2136:"Smoking ban in the United Kingdom" (Centre for Public Impact, 2 Sept. 2019)
1958:
W.D. and H.O. Wills and the Development of the UK Tobacco Industry, 1786-1965
1933:
1808:
1655:
1486:
1105:
W.D. and H.O. Wills and the Development of the UK Tobacco Industry, 1786-1965
2821:
2193:
Life-Course Smoking Behavior: Patterns and National Context in Ten Countries
2017:
Life-Course Smoking Behavior: Patterns and National Context in Ten Countries
1431:
917:
2026:(St. Martin's Press, 1975), a standard scholarly history of tobacco in UK;
2950:
2661:
2651:
1812:
1759:
1733:
1707:
1435:
912:
committed itself to holding a public consultation on the introduction of
2147:
2072:
712:
became effective, raising the minimum purchase age to 18 years of age.
272:
264:
244:
232:
45:
2120:
1611:"Cutting smoking rates could save the NHS and social care £67m a year"
500:
Intentions of cigarette smokers on quitting over time in Great Britain
746:
Section 6: Purchase of tobacco products on behalf of persons under 18
1210:
National Register of Historic Places — Nomination and Inventory
1848:"Vape shops open on NHS hospital sites, in bid to stub out smoking"
862:
Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1978,
175:
it successfully defended their market share from American threats.
2243:
495:
289:
226:
188:
142:
108:
28:
773:
Section 7: Confiscation of tobacco products from persons under 18
939:
opened vape shops in 2019 in conjunction with a ban on smoking.
200:
In March 1820, William Wright set up a small tobacco factory in
113:
Adverisment for Black Cat Cigarettes from the early 20th century
2247:
536:, one of the most deprived seats in the entire United Kingdom.
294:
A 2-ounce (57 g) tin for J&F Bell "Three Nuns" tobacco
157:
in 1893. He made a fortune from cigarettes, but smoked a cigar.
55:
Smoking is legally permitted, with certain conditions set from
790:(b) is in possession of a tobacco product or cigarette papers,
1960:(London: Methuen and New York: Barnes and Noble, 1973) 500pp.
1350:. British American Tobacco. 29 September 1902. Archived from
838:(1) Subject to paragraph (2), a person who sells to a person
247:(the leading manufacturer of tobacco products at that time),
2015:
Christopoulou, Rebekka. "Smoking in the United Kingdom." in
710:
Children and Young Persons (Sale of Tobacco etc.) Order 2007
1967:(1914, reprinted 2006), Covers English society 1580s-1910s
1042:
Percentage of females who have never vaped in Great Britain
943:
advises hospitals to let patients vape indoors and in bed.
736:
Section 5: Purchase of tobacco products by persons under 18
504:
Smoking prevalence varies with geography. In self-reported
2142:
Springfield, Lincoln. "The Tobacco War in Great Britain."
1018:
Percentage of people who have never vaped in Great Britain
808:
Tobacco and Primary Medical Services (Scotland) Act 2010,
760:
Tobacco and Primary Medical Services (Scotland) Act 2010,
1432:"Ministers aim to halve number of people smoking by 2020"
1730:"Tobacco display ban in Scotland to begin in April 2013"
722:
Tobacco and Primary Medical Services (Scotland) Act 2010
2777:
Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products
2202:
81.3 (2007): 309-332. doi.org/10.1215/00021482-81.3.309
2109:(Russell Sage Foundation, 2007), pp 109–159 on tobacco
2024:
Trust In Tobacco: The Anglo-American Struggle for Power
1157:
Trust In Tobacco: The Anglo-American Struggle for Power
1144:
Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire
1131:
Trust In Tobacco: The Anglo-American Struggle for Power
1118:
Trust In Tobacco: The Anglo-American Struggle for Power
1030:
Percentage of men who have never vaped in Great Britain
916:. Influenced by the introduction of plain packaging in
729:
Section 4: Sale of tobacco products to persons under 18
2079:
The cigarette book: the history and culture of smoking
1092:
The Cigarette Book: The History and Culture of Smoking
387:
In 1986, the company was acquired by the conglomerate
2209:
35.1 (2003): 51-75. doi.org/10.1017/S0020743803000035
1989:
The Origins of the British Colonial System, 1578-1660
1756:"Tobacco display ban in small shops comes into force"
1348:"British American Tobacco: The Early Years 1902–1932"
2152:
Tanner, Arthur Edmund, and E. Reginald Fairweather.
866:
Sale of Tobacco, Etc. to Persons Apparently Under 18
853:
whom he finds smoking in any street or public place.
2923:
2886:
2849:
2797:
2670:
2622:
2592:
2556:
2460:
2432:
2316:
2290:
2281:
2239:
Timeline of British tobacco companies, 1723 to 2007
1922:"Britain's e-cigarette boom is over, data suggests"
1487:"Smoking rates in England fall to lowest on record"
1319:"Imperial Tobacco History – The Company today"
65:
Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005
1293:"Imperial Tobacco History – The Hanson Years"
910:Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government
405:British-American Tobacco was formed in 1902, when
275:. Subsequently, other smaller companies including
1267:"Imperial Tobacco History – Diversification"
2191:Lillard, Dean R. and Rebekka Christopoulo, eds.
937:Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
1527:
1525:
1006:Percentage of females who vape in Great Britain
832:
770:
726:
2062:Tobacco in history: The cultures of dependence
982:Percentage of people who vape in Great Britain
971:Vaping/e-cigarette statistics in Great Britain
298:In 1902, the Imperial Tobacco Company and the
2259:
2090:Smoking in British Popular Culture, 1800–2000
1585:"Cancer warning halves deaths due to smoking"
1342:
1340:
1254:International Journal of Middle East Studies
8:
2207:International Journal of Middle East Studies
147:"Birdseye". Caricature of William Wills, by
2767:WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
2186:Indian Economic & Social History Review
1704:"Tobacco display ban extended to all shops"
1374:Poor's Manual of Industries, Second Edition
1177:"Imperial Tobacco History – Formation"
994:Percentage of men who vape in Great Britain
231:Imperial Tobacco building in Raleigh Road,
2855:
2674:
2287:
2266:
2252:
2244:
1394:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1459:"When No Smoking Day was still big news"
362:(ITC Ltd.) The second largest player is
1070:
969:
538:
169:Bonsack cigarette manufacturing machine
2154:Tobacco: From the Grower to the Smoker
2077:Harrald, Chris, and Fletcher Watkins.
1413:
1402:
1159:(St. Martin's Press, 1975) pp. 73-99.,
902:display of tobacco products was banned
33:Smoking rates for all adults over time
1901:. Pharmaceutical Journal. 11 May 2017
1870:Listening to you: Your health matters
1090:Chris Harrald and Fletcher Watkins,
764:Sale and purchase of tobacco products
421:became company chairman supported by
358:In 1910, Imperial Tobacco formed the
7:
1656:"Smoking ban's impact five years on"
697:, the general smoking age is set at
304:British-American Tobacco Company Ltd
302:agreed to form a joint venture: the
196:featured on a Player's card, c. 1890
173:William Wills, 1st Baron Winterstoke
1203:"Imperial Tobacco Company Building"
1079:Encyclopedia of Smoking and Tobacco
331:Smoking in Australia § History
2762:Tobacco packaging warning messages
1372:Ford, Bacon and Davis, Engineers,
1321:. Imperial Tobacco. Archived from
1295:. Imperial Tobacco. Archived from
1269:. Imperial Tobacco. Archived from
1179:. Imperial Tobacco. Archived from
880:Smoking bans in the United Kingdom
684:Smoking bans in the United Kingdom
485:has occurred in March since 1984.
25:
1633:"Scotland begins pub smoking ban"
360:Imperial Tobacco Company of India
308:Imperial Tobacco Company Building
2999:
2998:
2873:Smoking bans in private vehicles
2092:(2000), a major scholarly study.
2019:(Oxford University Press, 2015).
1613:. Healthcare Leader. 17 May 2017
1534:"Adult smoking habits in the UK"
1457:Stoddard, Katy (14 March 2012).
1035:
1023:
1011:
999:
987:
975:
643:
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
562:
553:
544:
466:
454:
442:
335:Smoking in Canada § History
2961:Smoking in association football
2179:British Empire and Commonwealth
1654:Roxby, Philippa (1 July 2012).
1509:publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk
325:British Empire and Commonwealth
2936:Tobacco consumption by country
2832:Smoking and female infertility
1920:Morley, Katie (1 March 2017).
1850:. Daily Telegraph. 9 July 2019
1583:Perry, Keith (3 August 2000).
1538:Office for National Statistics
436:UK whole statistics regionally
364:Godfrey Phillips India Limited
1:
3037:Smoking in the United Kingdom
2878:Tobacco-free college campuses
2036:(Bracken 1996 reprint; 1931)
924:Electronic cigarettes (vapes)
86:19th and early 20th centuries
38:Smoking in the United Kingdom
2747:Smoking and male infertility
2055:Women and Smoking since 1890
1807:Collins, Kat (19 May 2016).
1060:Health in the United Kingdom
701:, while the purchase age is
40:involves the consumption of
2722:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
2050:, a major scholarly history
1056:, formerly Imperial Tobacco
3053:
2807:Breastfeeding difficulties
2117:William and Mary Quarterly
2097:Eighteenth-Century Studies
1879:. 2 April 2014. p. 18
1120:(1975), pp 65–72, 83, 125.
950:published a public health
927:
877:
681:
398:
343:
328:
269:Stephen Mitchell & Son
182:
136:
94:
2994:
2858:
2712:Schizophrenia and smoking
2707:Prevalence of tobacco use
2682:Health effects of tobacco
2677:
2214:Journal of social history
2146:174.547 (1902): 820-832.
2144:The North American Review
2069:Southern Economic Journal
1635:. BBC News. 26 March 2006
1396:10.7717/peerj.9467/supp-3
657:It has been estimated by
2637:Islamic views on tobacco
2224:Enterprise & Society
2105:Nathanson, Constance A.
1077:Arlene B. Hirschfelder,
506:Annual Population Survey
411:American Tobacco Company
407:Imperial Tobacco Company
401:British American Tobacco
395:British-American Tobacco
300:American Tobacco Company
281:William Clarke & Son
257:American Tobacco Company
223:Imperial Tobacco Company
206:Livingston, West Lothian
97:Carreras Tobacco Company
2757:Tobacco-free pharmacies
2165:Economic History Review
2009:106.1 (2009): 100-118.
1788:. The National Archives
1232:"History and Evolution"
914:plain tobacco packaging
667:British Medical Journal
261:W. D. & H. O. Wills
70:National Health Service
2216:39.2 (2005): 483-503.
2130:19.2 (2010): 143-147.
2123:, covers 1600 to 1640.
2000:Sociological Quarterly
1412:Cite journal requires
1133:(1975), pp 52-54, 72.
871:
819:
769:
501:
350:Godfrey Phillips India
295:
287:of the Wills Company.
249:John Player & Sons
236:
217:John Player & Sons
197:
185:John Player & Sons
179:John Player & Sons
158:
114:
42:combustible cigarettes
34:
3014:Electronic cigarettes
2837:Smoking and pregnancy
2632:Smoking in Jewish law
2226:9.4 (2008): 762-787.
2188:27.3 (1990): 289-312.
2167:72.2 (2019): 433-458.
2002:20.2 (1979): 171-182.
1981:16.6 (2007): 423-428.
1782:"Plain packaging law"
1678:"Smoking in vehicles"
946:On 2 April 2014, the
941:Public Health England
905:force in April 2015.
900:On 6 April 2012, the
499:
329:Further information:
293:
241:W.D. & H.O. Wills
235:, constructed in 1912
230:
192:
146:
139:W.D. & H.O. Wills
112:
95:Further information:
32:
2868:List of smoking bans
2827:Ptosis of the breast
2784:World No Tobacco Day
2200:Agricultural History
2034:A history of smoking
2007:Studies in Philology
1995:, regarding Virginia
1987:Beer, George Louis.
1493:. 20 September 2016.
930:Electronic cigarette
896:Further restrictions
277:Lambert & Butler
2737:Stomatitis nicotina
2691:Nicotine withdrawal
2119:9.2 (1929): 73-87.
1256:35.1 (2003): 51-75.
1146:85 (1981): 102-110.
908:In March 2011, the
851:under the age of 18
840:under the age of 18
785:under the age of 18
755:commits an offence.
753:under the age of 18
741:under the age of 18
419:James Buchanan Duke
285:William Henry Wills
210:Radford, Nottingham
44:and other forms of
2981:Nicotine marketing
2941:History of smoking
2888:Country and region
2732:Smoker's melanosis
2686:Nicotine poisoning
2088:Hilton, Matthew.
2064:(Routledge, 2005).
2053:Elliot. Rosemary.
1786:Legislation.gov.uk
1736:. 12 December 2012
1563:Cancer Research UK
1354:on 9 February 2009
659:Cancer Research UK
514:Kingston upon Hull
502:
423:Hugo Cunliffe-Owen
318:, North Carolina.
296:
237:
198:
159:
115:
35:
3022:
3021:
2956:Smoking fetishism
2919:
2918:
2845:
2844:
2799:Women and smoking
2752:Smoking cessation
2618:
2617:
2099:(2016): 129-147.
2060:Goodman, Jordan.
2022:Corina, Maurice.
1971:; also listen to
1438:. 1 February 2010
1129:Maurice Corina,
695:England and Wales
689:England and Wales
510:local authorities
413:agreed to form a
384:Tobacco Limited.
91:House of Carreras
72:(NHS) due to the
18:Smoking in the UK
16:(Redirected from
3044:
3002:
3001:
2986:Tobacco industry
2863:Inflight smoking
2856:
2717:Sidestream smoke
2702:Third-hand smoke
2675:
2288:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2170:Tinkler, Penny.
2156:(4th ed, 1937),
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1877:Welsh Government
1874:
1866:
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1376:, 1911, page 682
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1221:
1219:
1217:
1207:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1160:
1155:Maurice Coring,
1153:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1116:Maurice Corina,
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1081:(1999) p. p. 33.
1075:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
979:
948:Welsh Government
869:
822:Northern Ireland
815:
767:
678:Age restrictions
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
593:
584:
575:
566:
557:
548:
470:
458:
446:
389:Hanson Trust plc
366:formed in 1936.
355:Smoking in India
346:Smoking in India
21:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3018:
2990:
2915:
2882:
2841:
2817:Cervical cancer
2793:
2697:Passive smoking
2666:
2647:Ceremonial pipe
2614:
2588:
2552:
2456:
2428:
2312:
2283:
2277:
2275:Tobacco smoking
2272:
2235:
2181:
2174:(2005) on women
2128:Tobacco Control
1979:Tobacco Control
1973:audio recording
1963:Apperson, G.L.
1956:Alford, B.W.E.
1953:
1951:Further reading
1948:
1938:
1936:
1919:
1918:
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1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1325:on 1 March 2015
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1299:on 1 March 2015
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1273:on 1 March 2015
1265:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1183:on 1 March 2015
1175:
1174:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1103:B.W.E. Alford,
1102:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1054:Imperial Brands
1050:
1043:
1040:
1031:
1028:
1019:
1016:
1007:
1004:
995:
992:
983:
980:
932:
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876:
870:
861:
854:
848:
837:
824:
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807:
797:
795:
779:
775:
768:
759:
748:
744:
738:
731:
718:
691:
686:
680:
655:
648:
639:
630:
621:
612:
603:
594:
585:
576:
567:
558:
549:
478:
477:
476:
475:
474:
471:
463:
462:
459:
451:
450:
449:Current smokers
447:
438:
437:
431:
403:
397:
381:
372:
352:
344:Main articles:
342:
337:
327:
225:
187:
181:
141:
135:
99:
93:
88:
83:
74:health problems
61:Health Act 2006
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3050:
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3040:
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3029:
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3016:
3011:
3006:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2966:Smoking jacket
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2917:
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2908:
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2898:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2853:
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2548:United Kingdom
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2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
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2490:
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2234:
2233:External links
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2176:
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2168:
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2113:
2103:
2093:
2086:
2075:
2071:(1940): 1-26.
2065:
2058:
2051:
2040:
2032:Corti, Count.
2030:
2020:
2013:
2003:
1996:
1985:
1975:
1961:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1912:
1890:
1861:
1839:
1825:
1799:
1773:
1762:. 5 April 2015
1747:
1721:
1710:. 6 April 2015
1695:
1684:. 17 July 2015
1669:
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1414:|journal=
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986:
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928:Main article:
925:
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878:Main article:
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579:
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561:
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552:
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543:
541:
540:Smoking graphs
483:No Smoking Day
472:
465:
464:
460:
453:
452:
448:
441:
440:
439:
435:
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432:
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399:Main article:
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326:
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224:
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194:Daisy Greville
183:Main article:
180:
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137:Main article:
134:
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119:Bernhard Baron
92:
89:
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84:
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79:
50:United Kingdom
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3049:
3038:
3035:
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3025:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
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2931:Chain smoking
2929:
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2911:United States
2909:
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2815:
2813:
2812:Breast cancer
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2789:Youth smoking
2787:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
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2768:
2765:
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2760:
2758:
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2727:Smoker's face
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2642:Tobacco fatwa
2640:
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2610:United States
2608:
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2598:
2597:
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2593:North America
2591:
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2582:
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2577:
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2557:South America
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2172:Smoke Signals
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2018:
2014:
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1926:The Telegraph
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653:Health issues
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2971:Tobacco pipe
2657:Kinnikinnick
2399:Saudi Arabia
2308:South Africa
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2206:
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2192:
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2016:
2006:
1999:
1988:
1978:
1964:
1957:
1937:. Retrieved
1925:
1915:
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1881:. Retrieved
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1842:
1828:
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1589:The Guardian
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1464:The Guardian
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1426:
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1352:the original
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
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1301:. Retrieved
1297:the original
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:the original
1261:
1253:
1248:
1238:14 September
1236:. Retrieved
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:the original
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1151:
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1138:
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883:
874:Smoking bans
865:
856:
850:
845:
844:
839:
834:
833:
825:
811:
810:Chapter 1 –
793:
784:
777:
772:
771:
763:
762:Chapter 1 –
752:
750:
745:
740:
735:
734:
728:
727:
719:
707:
702:
698:
692:
672:
664:
656:
534:Glasgow East
530:constituency
503:
491:
487:
479:
473:Never smoked
404:
386:
382:
373:
353:
320:
297:
267:merged with
238:
214:
199:
160:
152:
127:
116:
104:
100:
54:
37:
36:
26:
2946:Smoking cap
2851:Smoking ban
2742:Smoking age
2445:New Zealand
2394:Philippines
2374:South Korea
2369:North Korea
2324:Afghanistan
1818:17 December
1688:17 December
1595:25 November
1543:17 December
1216:22 February
952:white paper
154:Vanity Fair
3009:Cigarettes
2334:East Timor
2284:and region
1939:11 October
1875:(Report).
1766:31 October
1740:31 October
1658:. BBC News
1514:16 October
1066:References
864:PART II –
682:See also:
526:Rushcliffe
508:data, the
461:Ex-smokers
429:Prevalence
379:Since 1973
253:Nottingham
202:Craigshill
2896:Australia
2822:Menopause
2564:Argentina
2440:Australia
2404:Singapore
2349:Indonesia
2339:Hong Kong
1934:0307-1235
1559:"Smoking"
918:Australia
518:Blackpool
123:Black Cat
3031:Category
3004:Category
2951:Smokeasy
2662:Pipe bag
2652:Chanunpa
2624:Religion
2574:Colombia
2389:Pakistan
2384:Malaysia
1991:(1908).
1813:BBC News
1792:11 April
1760:BBC News
1734:BBC News
1714:11 April
1708:BBC News
1591:. London
1491:BBC News
1467:. London
1436:BBC News
1358:18 April
1329:15 March
1303:15 March
1277:15 March
1187:15 March
1048:See also
860:—
806:—
758:—
716:Scotland
259:. First
2901:England
2584:Uruguay
2579:Ecuador
2513:Ireland
2508:Iceland
2503:Hungary
2493:Germany
2483:Finland
2478:Croatia
2473:Armenia
2468:Albania
2452:Tokelau
2433:Oceania
2424:Vietnam
2303:Nigeria
2282:Country
2081:(2010)
2057:(2008).
2046:(2000)
1883:4 April
1854:11 July
1662:4 April
1639:4 April
1568:4 April
1471:4 April
1442:4 April
1107:(1973).
1094:(2010).
886:England
783:(a) is
312:Mullins
273:Glasgow
265:Bristol
245:Bristol
233:Bristol
81:History
48:in the
46:tobacco
2906:France
2772:MPOWER
2671:Health
2600:Canada
2569:Brazil
2543:Turkey
2538:Sweden
2533:Russia
2528:Norway
2523:Latvia
2498:Greece
2488:France
2461:Europe
2419:Turkey
2414:Taiwan
2291:Africa
2218:online
2158:online
2148:online
2138:online
2132:online
2121:online
2111:online
2101:online
2083:online
2073:online
2048:online
2038:online
2028:online
2011:online
1993:online
1983:online
1969:online
1932:
1905:3 June
1682:GOV.UK
1617:3 June
333:, and
316:Durham
2924:Other
2518:Italy
2409:Syria
2379:Macau
2364:Japan
2344:India
2329:China
2298:Egypt
1873:(PDF)
1212:. n.d
1206:(PDF)
787:, and
409:and
370:Egypt
340:India
164:cards
2605:Cuba
2359:Iraq
2354:Iran
2317:Asia
1941:2017
1930:ISSN
1907:2017
1885:2014
1856:2019
1820:2021
1794:2015
1768:2021
1742:2021
1716:2015
1690:2021
1664:2014
1641:2014
1619:2017
1597:2011
1570:2014
1545:2021
1516:2019
1473:2014
1444:2014
1418:help
1360:2011
1331:2015
1305:2015
1279:2015
1240:2013
1218:2014
1189:2015
665:The
524:and
516:and
348:and
57:laws
1391:doi
693:In
532:of
512:of
310:at
271:of
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243:of
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