Snap election - Knowledge (XXG)

52: 2492:. 2012 was the second snap election in a row. Due to ambiguity and complications with the electoral law, the 2009 election result was the subject of a legal challenge by the Greens, SSW, and The Left. In August 2010, the state Constitutional Court ruled that the electoral law was unconstitutional. The court mandated that a new electoral law be legislated within six months and that new elections be held by September 2012, two years ahead of schedule. 436:) usually lies with the incumbent, they often result in increased majorities for the party already in power provided they have been called at an advantageous time. However, snap elections can also backfire on the incumbent resulting in a decreased majority or in some cases the opposition winning or gaining power. As a result of the latter cases, there have been occasions in which the consequence has been the implementation of fixed-term elections. 802:: This election was held 18 months ahead of time in order to bring the elections for the House of Representatives and Senate back into line. They had been thrown out of balance by the double dissolution of 1983. It was widely expected that the incumbent Hawke Labor government would be easily re-elected, but an exceptionally long 10-week campaign, confusion over the ballot papers and a strong campaign performance by Liberal leader, 701:(excluding the seats representing territories) changes over every three years in July. An election for the half about to change over must take place up to a year before this is due, on a date determined by the government. By convention, the elections of both chambers have usually been held on the same day. If the previous Senate election was held close to the changeover, the next Senate election can be held significantly earlier. 1128: 363: 3348:(Brexit), with May saying that she needed a clear mandate to lead the country through the ensuing negotiations, and hoping to increase her Conservative Party's majority. The election was a failure for May, with the Conservative Party losing seats, resulting in a hung parliament and a minority Conservative government with a confidence and supply agreement with the 1459:, but denied it was a snap election. This early election caused considerable comment. Critics claimed that Clark could have continued to govern, and that the early election was called to take advantage of Labour's strong position in the polls. The National Party was caught unprepared by the election and suffered its worst ever result (20.9% of the 2006:, but narrowly lost a vote of confidence on 7 August, leading to its resignation six days later. The Chamber of Deputies then passed a motion dissolving itself on 20 August, with a call for new elections within 60 days after presidential assent. The President gave his assent on 28 August, scheduling the elections for 25 and 26 October 2013. 3184:. The Cabinet then decided to call the election to obtain a Doctor's Mandate to fix the economy. The result was that the National Government won the biggest landslide in British history. Labour, which was blamed for running away from responsibility as a Government in the nation's hour of need, was reduced to just 52 seats and its leader, 2042:, and due to this system, a party normally providing parliamentary support for the sitting government while not being part of it, can choose to deprive the government of a parliamentary majority regarding a specific vote, but at the same time avoid calling new elections since any vote of no confidence takes place as a separate procedure. 1824:

pursuing for the PM's resignation, Thaksin called a snap election scheduled for 2 April 2006 where the opposition party supporters boycotted the polls, resulting in over 50% of voters chosen to not cast their ballots. Due to this political demonstration, Thaksin won the snap election and captured all

1318:, the eldest daughter of Nazarbayev. However, On 9 April 2019, Tokayev initiated a snap presidential election for 9 June 2019 citing the reason of avoiding "political uncertainty" and became Nazarbayev's endorsed frontrunner in the race, resulting in him being officially elected to succeed Nazarbayev. 972:

and assumed power. The Awami League and its allies did not accept the results and called a month-long general strike and blockades to overthrow the BNP government. The general strike was marred by bloody violence including a grenade attack on Awami League's headquarters which killed scores of people.

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announced that he would dissolve the Assembly on 21 October and that the election would take place on 4 December. The question arose as to whether the President could dissolve the Assembly after the seven days, in the event that no candidate was proposed. However, since this situation is not covered

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government. However, on 5 November 1996, President Leghari, a former ally of Bhutto, dismissed the government 2 years early for alleged corruption and abuse of power. The allegations included financial mismanagement, failing to stop police killings, destroying judicial independence and violating the

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election is of historical importance as it was the first time a united front of parties managed to attain a majority and form a government that lasted a full term of five years, thus ending a period of political instability at the national level that had been characterised by three general elections

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announced that the government was calling for a snap election on 22 March 2015, after the parliament elected on 14 September 2014 voted against the government's proposal for the 2015 state budget. However, the final order of the snap election was never carried out as six out of the eight parliament

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as prime minister. Labor believed it had a chance of winning the elections, and that the dismissal would be an electoral asset for them but the Coalition attacked Labor for the economic conditions they presided over, resulting in the Coalition winning a record victory, with 91 seats in the House of

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Bangkok, which intensified before the King's birthday. On 9 December 2013, Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra decided to dissolve parliament and called a snap general election, which was held on 2 February 2014. This announcement came a day after the resignation of all MPs from the main opposition

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reduced the maximum term length of the Parliament to 5 years. And the President did not had the authority to dissolve the Parliament and call an Early General Election until the expiration of 4 years and 6 months from the date appointed for its first meeting. In 9 November 2018, As a result of the

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annulled the election results which forced the BNP government to amend the constitution in a special parliamentary session by introducing the Caretaker government system as a part of the electoral reform. Eventually the BNP government was toppled and ousted when they resigned on 31 March 1996, and

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in that a completely new parliament is chosen as opposed to merely filling vacancies in an already established assembly. Early elections can also be called in certain jurisdictions after a ruling coalition is dissolved if a replacement coalition cannot be formed within a constitutionally set time

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government to resign after she tried to pass a controversial amnesty bill in parliament which would permit the return of her brother Thaksin as a free man. However, the bill was not passed because the government succumbed to pressure from weeks of street protests and blockades that took place in

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in 1946, the first snap election occurred in 1972 and the latest one in 2022. After significant changes in the election system (in 1992–1993), the frequency of snap elections has been slightly reduced since new regulations granted completion of two of four parliamentary terms. Nonetheless, snap

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announced an election date for 24 October 2007. The election was held ahead of time in the sense that by law, the election needed to be held before 8 February 2009, four years after the previous election. Anders Fogh Rasmussen explained that the elections were called early in order to allow the

3362:, seeking a mandate and a majority to break the parliamentary deadlock on his Brexit deal, failed on several occasions to pass a section 2(2) motion for an early general election due to its requirement for a two-thirds majority. After failing to force the deal through with minimal scrutiny via 1819:

Party were re-elected for a second consecutive term in office when they won a landslide general election victory by securing 375 out of 500 seats in parliament. This result gave his party the power to amend the constitution since they won a two-thirds majority. However one year later, in 2006,

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may be called to resolve conflict between the two chambers, in which case the entire membership of both chambers comes up for election. This requires at least one bill that originated in the House of Representatives (often called a "trigger") to be rejected twice by the Senate under certain

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were snap, as they were held three months ahead of schedule. However, the early holding of election was not due to the dissolution of the State Duma, but to the postponement of the day of voting on the day on which the regional elections were held. The early elections were approved by the

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within seven days after the fall of a government. If this does not happen, the president dissolves the Assembly and calls for a snap election. The leaders of most parliamentary political parties expressed opinion that they preferred an early election instead of forming a new government.

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called an election only a year later. Baldwin sought a mandate to raise tariffs, which Law had promised against in the previous election, as well as desiring to gain a personal mandate to govern and strengthen his position within the party. This backfired, as the election resulted in a

4736: 2254:, a coalition of left-wing parties were able to form a government, resulting in the longest cohabitation period in modern French history. This also marks the only time a French president has lost an election he called on his own initiative since the start of the Fifth Republic (1958). 3081:, except the one in 2015 (the date for which was fixed by law), have technically been snap elections. The term is thus normally reserved in the British context for elections called significantly earlier than required (after five years since 1911, or after seven years prior to that). 3429:

was legally obliged to call a snap election to attempt to restore a functional devolved government. This election took place on 2 March 2017. The DUP and Sinn Féin remained the two largest parties following the election, but did not reach an agreement to share power until January

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called an early election for the House of Representatives because the government were struggling to govern with their narrow 2-seat majority in the chamber. The government succeeded in gaining 10 seats. The election left the House and Senate elections out of synchronization until

761:. The Whitlam government was subsequently returned with a reduced majority in the House of Representatives but increased presence (but no majority) in the Senate, allowing the government to pass six reform bills in a joint sitting of the two houses of the Australian parliament. 685:

is 3 years. However, the chamber can wait several months after the election to make its first sitting, while a campaign period of at least 33 days is needed between the dates that the election is called and held. It is the norm for the chamber to be dissolved early by the

2236:, a snap parliamentary election was called to try and create a parliamentary majority for Mitterrand in order to end the cohabitation government. While his allies obtained a plurality of seats, a coalition government needed to be formed. A similar dissolution occurred in 1089:

government, control of which she had lost three years prior. The BJP accused Jayalalitha of making the demands in order to avoid standing trial for a series of corruption charges, and no agreement between the parties could be reached leading to the government's defeat.

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had won the Labor Party leadership on the day he sought a dissolution. Ultimately, Labor won power and defeated the Fraser government on a 24-seat swing—the largest defeat of a sitting government since 1949, and the worst defeat a sitting non-Labor government has ever

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2001 general election resulted in a Cohabitation government where the President and the Prime Minister were from different parties. As the Government was unstable, President Kumaratunga dissolved the Parliament and called a general election 3 1/2 years ahead of

2349:, he called an early election in order to gain an explicit mandate to govern. To do this, he deliberately lost a confidence motion by asking for his coalition MPs to abstain. There was some controversy over this move and the decision was challenged in the 4557: 2971:" in Swedish). The wording is used to make clear it does not change the period to the next ordinary election, and the Members of Parliament elected merely serve out what remains of the four-year parliamentary term. This has however not occurred since 3343:

tabled a motion in the House of Commons for an early general election in the form detailed in section 2(2) of the 2011 Act, which was approved in Parliament by a near-unanimous vote. This was shortly after the official commencement of the process of

3262:: Six months following the February election, Wilson called another general election in an attempt to win a majority for his Labour minority government and resolve the deadlock. Wilson was successful, though Labour only held a narrow 3-seat majority. 1295:. In which the reasoning behind for consecutive snap elections were due to economic and political factors with allegations for the Kazakh leadership to systemically maintain its grip on power while leaving the opposition consolidated and unprepared. 1530:. In Punjab this saw a staged kidnapping and the moving of 130 members of the Punjab Assembly to the capital to ensure they stayed loyal to Sharif. Meanwhile, the leader of the main opposition party Benazir Bhutto threatened to lead a march on 1541:

to resolve the power struggle, Sharif and Khan resigned as prime minister and president respectively. Elections for the National Assembly were called for 6 October with elections for the regional assemblies set to follow shortly afterwards.

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has the authority to dissolve the National Assembly and call an early election, provided the Assembly has not been dissolved in the preceding twelve months. When the presidential term of office was shortened from seven to five years in the

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in the constitution, the decision of the President to wait the full 30 days was welcomed by the political parties. The dissolution of the Assembly, a first in independent Slovenia, took place on October 21, a minute after midnight.

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the 500 seats in the house of parliament. Months later, the supreme court annulled the election results and ordered a fresh election to be held within 100 days from the date of the court's ruling. However, Thaksin was ousted in a

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had been emboldened by the unexpected victory in a 1982 by election which his Liberal Party was expected to lose. Fraser also sought to exploit divisions in the opposition Labor Party, and was surprised to learn that the popular

968:. The opposition had demanded a neutral caretaker government to oversee the polls, but it was rejected by the incumbent government and the election went on as scheduled. The BNP won by default, grabbing all the 300 seats in the 2724:

has the authority to dissolve the State Duma and call a snap election. However, this possibility of the president is limited, and he can use it only in two cases: if the State Duma three times in a row refused to approve the

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is codified in electoral regulations. The Italian President is not required to call for a snap election, even if the prime minister asks for it, provided that the Parliament is able to form a new working majority (President

3370:, requiring only a simple majority in both houses. The bill passed and the Conservatives gained an 80 seat majority in the subsequent election, allowing the United Kingdom to leave the European Union the following January. 1623:

for a six-year term, asked Parliament to move the 1987 presidential election to 1986, in response to growing social unrest, political and economic crises, political instability, and deteriorating peace and public order.

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can choose to call an early election at any time, provided that any elected parliament has already been called into session at least once (Danish Constitution art. 32, sec. 2). If a government loses its majority in the

4565: 1725:, introduced the Executive Presidency and increased the term length of the now Unicameral Parliament to 6 years. The President had the authority to dissolve the Parliament and call a Snap election at a required time. 3292: 3101:

vote in favour. During autumn 2019 there were three attempts to trigger an election through the FTPA's provision for a two-thirds majority: all failed. Then the FTPA was bypassed entirely by Parliament enacting the

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backfired since it was interpreted as a sign of arrogance, with some cynically viewing it as an attempt to win another mandate before an anticipated economic recession. In the biggest upset in Ontario history, the

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had been ousted in October 1982 after the FDP had switched from being allied with the SPD to being allied with the CDU-CSU union. Although the majority of MPs now supported the government of the new Chancellor

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was appointed interim prime minister. The National Assembly and provincial assemblies were dissolved and elections called for 3 February 1997. Bhutto denied all the charges against herself and petitioned the

3391:; established in 1998, 1999, and 1998 respectively) are also elected for fixed terms of government (four years prior to 2011, five years thereafter), but snap elections can still be called in the event of a 636:. However, Trudeau was widely criticized for calling the snap election while the country was in the midst of a 4th wave of Covid. Following the election Trudeau managed to remain Prime Minister, but the 2933:

leading to political deadlock, a fresh election was called for 26 June—the first time in Spanish recent history that an election was triggered as a result of failure in the government formation process.

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in an attempt to win a majority, up from his previous minority government. He justified the snap election as a way for Canadians to choose which government leads them through Canada's recovery from the

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to briefly serve as the acting president until the scheduled 2020 election. From there Tokayev was widely viewed to temporarily serve the remainder of Nazarbayev's presidential term as a way to ensure

420:) is called to capitalize on an unusual electoral opportunity or to decide a pressing issue, under circumstances when an election is not required by law or convention. A snap election differs from a 2774: 1663:, which is the Upper House, cannot by dissolved. The Prime Minister shall request the Governor-General to dissolve the House of Representatives and call a General Election at a required time. 1980: 584:'s term. Peterson was polling at 54%, lower than his peak popularity but still well above the opposition party leaders, and expected to be re-elected with comfortable majority. However, the 2399:

In most German states, the parliament is able to dissolve itself. This explains why there have been many more snap elections in German states compared to the federal level, for example:

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reverted to the presidential system, which made future snap elections unlikely. Fixed presidential elections are held every six years, with legislative elections held every three years.

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and after consultations with the parliamentary groups, while the Parliament is in session. In prior versions of the constitution, the President had the power to do this unilaterally.

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in which Labour narrowly won more seats, despite winning fewer votes than the Conservatives. Unable to form a coalition with the Liberals, Heath resigned and was replaced by Wilson.

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must be newly elected. Otherwise, early elections are not intended. This being the case because the Swiss political system does not rely on stable coalitions as its government, the

1327: 1518:. However, in April 1993 President Khan dismissed Sharif for corruption and called elections for 14 July after dissolving the National Assembly. Sharif immediately appealed to the 5221: 2656:

and his family, and allegations of paying for favours in exchange for access to government ministers and officials leaked through the press, Prime Minister Juncker submitted his

1769: 1713:: As the general election in March resulted in a Hung Parliament, the Parliament was dissolved and a Snap election was held on 20 July 1960, where Sri Lanka Freedom Party led by 1455:

announced that the country would have a general election on 27 July 2002. Clark claimed that an early poll was necessary due to the collapse of her junior coalition partner, the

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elections still play a role in the political debate as tools considered by political parties and the Executive branch to promote their agenda or to seize political momentum. No

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called an election one year before it was scheduled to take place in an effort to catch the left-wing parties off guard. Partly due to the unpopularity of the prime minister,

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was held on 4 December 2011. This was the first early election in Slovenia's history. 65.60% of voters cast their vote. The election was surprisingly won by the center-left

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Khan and Sharif then began to battle for control of Pakistan for the next two months. They both attempted to secure control over the regional assemblies and in particular,

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handed over power to the caretaker government. The caretaker government stayed in power for 90 days before new elections could be held. Finally a snap election was held on

1796:, The President has the authority to dissolve the Parliament and call an Early General Election after 2 years and 6 months from the date appointed for its first meeting. 929: 709:

conditions. In this case, the next Senate changeover is due in the second month of July after the election, while the House of Representatives begins a new 3-year term.

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years in office and whether the Australian public was willing to continue with his reform agenda, and also to break a deadlock in the Senate after Opposition Leader

531:, although courts found it effectively legally unenforceable and not binding on the prime minister. Any election that occurs before the schedule is a snap election. 3111: 1820:

Thaksin was suspected to have been indulging in corrupt business practices in his telecommunication firm 'Shincorp'. And after several protests orchestrated by the

1793: 834:– a greater mandate. The election ended in a hung parliament, and a resultant retaining of Labor's majority in the House of Representatives after negotiations with 606: 550:, meanwhile, both lost their premierships in snap elections they themselves had called (in 1911 and 1984, respectively). The most notable federal snap election is 656:

if a vote of no-confidence is passed two times by the legislative body, who then has four months to call for new parliamentary elections or faces impeachment. The

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came very close to calling a snap election in the autumn of 2007; after he failed to do this, his popularity and authority greatly declined and he lost power in

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may dissolve the chamber prematurely if the government loses a confidence motion (at the request of the Chancellor), or if no majority government can be formed.

3367: 3241: 3118:, which restored the Monarch's power to dissolve parliament on request by the Prime Minister. This is thought to have revived the Lascelles Principles as well. 3103: 2939:. A general election was originally due to take place in December 2023. However, after losing majorities in many regional parliaments and local councils in the 3114:: Parliament cannot pass a law that cannot be changed or reversed by a future Parliament. The Fixed-term Parliaments Act was repealed on March 24, 2022 by the 2199:

was called, presidential and parliamentary terms were synchronized, with the National Assembly elected a few weeks after the president, reducing the risk of a

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by promising for a new parliamentary composition to represent the interests of "broad groups of citizens." The election saw reduced vote share for the ruling

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power to call an election at will by requesting a dissolution from the monarch; the limited circumstances where this would not be granted are set out in the

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Nationally, elections for president and parliament in Kazakhstan are held every seven and five years, respectively. According to the Constitutional Law, the

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legislated into their constitutions or electoral laws and snap elections can only be called in extraordinary circumstances when certain conditions are met (

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policy launch and a five-week advertising campaign. The ensuing election was almost entirely dominated by the proposed 10% GST and proposed income tax cuts.

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and the party's leader, Nawaz Sharif, became prime minister. In early 1993 he attempted to strip the president of the power to dismiss the prime minister,

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obtained a plurality of seats, but without a majority could not form a stable government. This Resulted in a Hung Parliament which eventually led to the

1244:. Almost all general elections of the lower house have been snap elections since 1947, when the current constitution was enacted. The only exception was 957: 2375:

government also feared that left-wing SPD MPs were threatening to block legislation. As with the 1983 dissolution, it was challenged and upheld in the

2572: 1640: 1911: 1104:) was unable to form a coalition of parties large enough to secure a working majority in the Lok Sabha. Thus shortly after the no confidence motion, 1894:

were able to put forward and then elect a candidate for prime minister in the two-week period following the resignation of incumbent Prime Minister

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continued to be the Prime Minister. Since Several MPs crossed over to the opposition and the Government feared a Motion of No-Confidence, President

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cannot be dissolved, and that "snap elections" as understood under the parliamentary system cannot be invoked. However, during the presidency of

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and called an election, announcing it on television while visibly drunk. Muldoon's government subsequently lost and the Labour Party took power.

3935: 2838: 2661: 2489: 2485: 2481: 1786: 1761: 1743: 1729: 1456: 979: 4588:"59th Meeting, 6th voting (20th August 2013, 17:17) on: Draft resolution on the proposal of the President to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies" 1085:, had consistently threatened to withdraw support from the ruling coalition if certain demands were not met, in particular the sacking of the 5064: 3962: 3042: 2861: 2642: 2192: 1952: 1944: 1917: 1774: 1667: 1628: 1619:(parliament) can be dissolved. During the operation of that constitution, the parliament was not dissolved, but Marcos, who had earlier been 1378: 772: 597:

won an unprecedented majority government while Peterson lost his own seat to a rookie NDP candidate. A similar result occurred in Alberta in

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to reverse her dismissal. However, the court ruled in January that there was sufficient evidence for the dismissal to be justified legally.

3995: 3363: 3355: 3336: 3302: 3284: 3270: 3231: 3223: 3209: 3199: 3191: 3177: 3165: 3142: 3130: 3107: 3077:. If this does not happen, parliament dissolves automatically after five years, but this never happens; so in effect, most elections since 3066: 2588: 2545: 2533: 2411: 2269: 1883: 835: 657: 457:

must be dissolved "five years from the date when the two Houses of the former National Assembly first met" unless dissolved sooner by the

5065:"Janša: Še ena neuspešna leva koalicija je predčasno zaključila mandat :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija" 3317: 2583: 2529: 2094: 1863: 1837:. The military stayed in power until 2007 when they stepped down and held a general election in December that year to restore democracy. 1415: 1185: 682: 391: 5135:"Real Decreto 1329/2011, de 26 de septiembre, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones" 2137:

announced an election date for 1 November 2022. The elections were called on 5 October following an ultimatum to the government by the

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constituted under federal legislation, the federal parliament also has the ultimate power to call a snap election in the ACT and the

2782: 2737: 2669: 2337: 2317: 2297: 2233: 1515: 1445: 1430: 1411: 1299: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1209: 1205: 1197: 3883: 2794: 1932: 4454: 5043:"Türk: Neizglasovanje zaupnice močno poglablja politično krizo :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija" 4609: 2986:'s first session after a general election. Elections may not be called by a prime minister who has resigned or been discharged. 2257: 2243: 2237: 2225: 2211: 2196: 1747: 1390: 1362: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1323: 1253: 1229: 1097: 1022:. The outcome of the new elections was also indecisive, with no party or alliance able to create a strong majority. Although the 823: 809: 799: 783: 764: 728: 717: 497: 485: 296: 3126:

The following elections were called by a voluntary decision of the government less than four years after the previous election:

928:, the federal government also has the ability to call a snap election in instances of incapacitation or gross misconduct of the 3329: 3090: 2960: 2653: 2510: 2445: 2441: 2350: 2313: 2003: 1987: 1940: 1697: 1550: 1546: 1507: 1499: 1485: 1473: 1460: 806:, saw the government's majority reduced (although this was disguised by the increase in the size of the House from 125 to 148). 5108: 5020: 5295: 3018: 2990: 2747: 1245: 1240:, which can be interpreted as saying that the prime minister has the power to dissolve the lower house after so advising the 1077:(India's lower house), falling short a single vote due to the withdrawal of one of the government's coalition partners – the 826:: A federal election was held on Saturday, 21 August 2010, which was called relatively early in order to give Prime Minister 628: 613:

had crossed the floor to sit with the government. However, the province was entering an economic recession due to the abrupt

562: 551: 528: 481: 473: 469: 289: 279: 5166: 2822: 1256:. The majority of LDP politicians opposed Miki's decision not to dissolve the lower house until the end of its 4-year term. 1018:(DMK) party from the government after the DMK was linked by an investigative panel to Sri Lankan separatists blamed for the 4954: 4021: 3754: 5021:"Foto: Poslanci izrekli nezaupnico vladi Boruta Pahorja :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija" 3305:: This election was held six months before the latest possible date. It was called when the minority Labour government of 3022: 2972: 2936: 2926: 2922: 2901: 2552: 2477: 1511: 1449: 1403: 1335: 1019: 881: 845: 687: 598: 585: 300: 3660: 3487:

Abe, 60, was only halfway through his four-year term when he called the vote last month....His fresh four-year mandate...

3299:. It was the third general election in three years. The result was a landslide victory for Baldwin and the Conservatives. 2363:

deliberately lost a confidence motion to trigger new elections after a series of state election losses, culminating with

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parliament to work on important upcoming topics without being distracted by a future election. Referring specifically to

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in that it is initiated by politicians (usually the head of government or ruling party) rather than voters, and from a

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for 19 March 2023 under a promise to conclude "a reset and renewal of all major political institutions" following the

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with a relatively narrow 20-seat majority. The government then lost their majority after several MPs defected to the

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was called, which resulted in a similar stalemate. After both Likud and Blue and White failed to form a coalition, a

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majority victory unseated 13 cabinet ministers and ended 44 years of Progressive Conservative government in Alberta.

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Elections are called by the government. Elections are also to be held if the parliament fails four times to elect a

2850: 2513:, had resigned in November 2011. Instead of triggering an immediate snap election, the government was replaced by a 5202: 5184: 5148: 3832: 3806: 3419: 3014: 2876: 2834: 2826: 2453: 2449: 2437: 2183: 1850: 1842: 1809: 1805: 1782: 1503: 1489: 1419: 1268:

may call a snap election for both and must held no later than two months respectively after which they are called.

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in the National Assembly, and the new government was formed by a right-leaning coalition of five parties, led by

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From 2011 to 2022, the conditions for when a snap election could be called were significantly restricted by the

5087:"(Skoraj) v en glas: Pričakovano, dobrodošlo :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija" 4884: 3449: 3234:: The government had won a barely-workable majority of four seats, which had been reduced to two following the 2979: 2872: 2726: 2305: 2035:, but such a vote may be called, and – if lost – the government calls a new election. Denmark has a history of 1899: 1751: 1683: 1612: 1559: 1423: 1382: 1101: 1003: 812:: The election on 3 October 1998 was held six months earlier than required by the Constitution. Prime Minister 555: 158: 5360: 4047: 1433:

occurred during a term in which the National Party government had a majority of only one seat. Prime Minister

4885:"Kocka je padla – volitve bodo 4. decembra :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija" 4836: 2540:

to dissolve a newly elected parliament that is unable to form a government. Ten days after the election, the

3542: 3392: 3313: 3277: 3235: 3198:

called the election to increase his government's majority, which had been reduced to just five seats in the

3134: 2944: 2913: 2685: 2334:. Benefitting from Brandt's personal popularity, the government was re-elected with a strengthened majority. 2289:

must take place within 46–48 months (every four years) after the first sitting of the previous chamber. The

2273: 2163: 2019: 1849:

became Thailand's first female prime minister on 3 August 2011 when she won a landslide election victory on

1733: 1679: 1265: 1225: 1031: 901: 849: 637: 384: 241: 3162:, who formed the country's first ever Labour minority government with tacit support from the Liberal Party. 3025:, acts independently from the Assembly and bills voted on by parliament are dealt on a case-by-case basis. 2372: 1426:

opposition equivocated and thus annoyed both sides. The government was returned with an increased majority.

488:

increased its majority by 9 percent as it made Belizean history, forming its third consecutive government.

2964: 2709: 2560: 2229: 1693: 1493: 1477: 1386: 1271:

Virtually every presidential election in Kazakhstan since independence had been held ahead of schedule in

1062: 1023: 508: 450: 333: 3418:

coalition partners, and the subsequent refusal of Sinn Féin to nominate a new deputy First Minister, the

2120:, he said rival parties would then try to outdo each other with expensive reforms which would damage the 609:

called a snap election. A few months before, 11 MLAs including their leader from the official opposition

5326: 5299: 4175: 3594: 3054: 2880: 2837:. the National Assembly consists of 90 members, elected for a four-year term, 88 members elected by the 2693: 2665: 2179: 2142: 2112: 1755: 1737: 1714: 1675: 1366: 1307: 1237: 867: 529:

set the election date on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the previous poll

173: 168: 3470: 1740:

of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, became the Prime Minister ending the 17 years of UNP rule in Sri Lanka.

4936: 767:: The election followed the controversial dismissal of the Whitlam government by Governor-General Sir 3707: 3074: 2770: 2730: 2689: 2614: 2368: 2290: 2159: 2045:

Notably, Denmark faced a number of very short parliaments in the 1970s and the 1980s. Prime Minister

2036: 2015: 1995: 1778: 1656: 1632: 1438: 1339: 1322:

Snap parliamentary elections have also become more frequent in Kazakhstan's politics. Originally the

1303: 1180:'s mandate for coalition formation ended, the Knesset voted to dissolve itself (preventing president 1112: 1066: 1027: 897: 649: 520: 413: 274: 757:

announced that the opposition would block the Government's supply bills in the Senate following the

5245: 5222:"Spain calls snap general election after right, far-right, inflict heavy local and regional defeat" 3384: 3046: 3034: 2806: 2721: 2634: 2541: 2537: 2360: 2187: 2039: 1846: 1600: 1596: 1311: 913: 863: 859: 852: 617:, and Prentice's budget was not well received by either the political left or right. The resulting 570: 566: 85: 5269: 4398: 3858: 3556: 1034:

getting support from 286 members out of 545, the government collapsed again in late 1998 when the

5446: 4322: 4294: 4267: 4234: 3578: 3078: 2568: 2473: 2407: 2384: 2121: 2032: 1812: 1652: 1571: 1374: 1331: 1315: 1177: 1105: 937: 924:

retains the ability to call a snap election at any time despite the fixed election dates. In the

732: 705: 377: 203: 71: 4346:"Top Two Political Powers Resign In Pakistan – Benazir Bhutto Sees Opportunity To Regain Status" 3522: 661: 51: 1611:, the constitution starting from 1973, and first applied in 1978, placed the country under the 1496:

and the failure of the government to fulfill the promises it had made during the 1988 campaign.

5334: 5116: 4869: 4350: 4180: 3970: 3426: 3411: 3321: 3213: 3203: 3181: 2842: 2818: 2618: 2506: 2215: 2134: 1999: 1960: 1948: 1866: 1701: 1616: 1527: 933: 917: 839: 698: 653: 574: 319: 183: 153: 80: 36: 4663:[Agreement between Papandreou and Samaras for coalition government] (in Greek). In.gr 3730:"Constitutional Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan" 3661:"Government Falls, Indian Premier Quits; Coalition Splits Amid Gandhi Assassination Debate", 2599:

In Italy, national snap elections have been quite frequent in modern history, both under the

580:

A snap election was also called in the province of Ontario in 1990, three years into Premier

412:

that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled. Generally, a snap election in a

3787: 3646: 3626: 3288: 3220:

took over and immediately called the election in order to gain a mandate for his government.

3185: 3173: 3169: 3159: 2994: 2947: 2905: 2604: 2600: 2463: 2331: 2046: 1660: 1608: 1563: 1346:

which saw pro-Nazarbayev candidates being elected as deputies. Snap elections took place in

1241: 1169: 960:, where elections were boycotted by all major opposition parties including BNP'S arch-rival 875: 558: 535: 524: 344: 339: 256: 223: 193: 178: 135: 110: 105: 100: 90: 2879:

within 30 days and a candidate has to be proposed by either members of the Assembly or the

5252: 4714: 3607: 3306: 3253: 3151: 3146: 2786: 2609: 2380: 2261: 2204: 2146: 1895: 1854: 1671: 1636: 1108: 1070: 885: 543: 421: 367: 349: 324: 246: 120: 76: 3791: 2089:. For more than 40 years, no Danish parliament has sat its full four-year term, although 5422: 4613: 3781: 1402:

New Zealand elections must be held every three years, and the date is determined by the

5134: 4484: 4462: 4424: 4373: 3574: 3504: 3249: 3195: 3176:

offered his resignation to the King in August 1931. He was instead persuaded to form a

3093:(FTPA) to occasions when the government loses a confidence motion or when a two-thirds 3050: 2888: 2830: 2638: 2341: 2251: 2247: 2117: 1972: 1481: 1434: 1385:

party, resulting in an appearance of various newly formed political factions including

1082: 1053: 999: 969: 905: 803: 787: 776: 721: 625: 614: 610: 581: 465: 198: 163: 95: 3500:"Our Labour landslide victory/mid-summer election story is just an April Fools' prank" 1127: 677:

There are three procedures in which federal elections can be held early in Australia:

362: 5440: 3359: 3296: 3227: 3094: 3038: 2909: 2778: 2392: 2353:, but given approval. Kohl's government won the election with a net loss of one seat. 1991: 1816: 1785:

declared this move unconstitutional, which effectively set the election date back to

1538: 1233: 1181: 961: 855: 827: 754: 736: 213: 4558:"Lawmakers dissolve parliament's lower house, Czech Republic to hold early election" 3538: 4811: 4682: 4660: 4587: 3677: 3320:

and was taken forward by the Conservatives, by one vote. The Conservatives, led by

3266: 3245: 3217: 2301: 1575: 1369:'s reelection win in November 2022, he called snap elections for the lower chamber 1111:

dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections. Atal Bihari Vajpayee remained

1093: 965: 602: 188: 5303: 3407: 2860:

The election was previously scheduled to take place in 2012, four years after the

2141:(which had been providing external support) due to the outcome of a report on the 1184:

from transferring the mandate for coalition formation to the second-largest party

888:

called the election a year early for the same reason as Gutwein (his predecessor).

4907:"Republic of Slovenia Early Elections for Deputies to the National Assembly 2011" 4741: 4149: 2919:, who had already announced his intention to call for a snap election on 28 July. 2555:, in which the proposed bailout program was rejected with a 61.31% majority, the 1631:. Marcos declared himself the official winner of the election but was eventually 5256: 4958: 4847: 3340: 2865: 2854: 2790: 2657: 2649: 2346: 1994:

was forced to resign on 17 June 2013, after a corruption and bribery scandal. A

1830: 1592: 1492:. However, by 1990 there was discontent over rising lawlessness, allegations of 1452: 1306:

unexpectedly resigned from office on 19 March 2019, leading for Senate Chairman

1189: 1011: 949: 813: 758: 547: 477: 425: 66: 4073: 2195:, presidential terms became equal in length to legislative terms. Until a snap 1330:

which previously consisted of former Communist legislators and paved way for a

3180:

with the Conservatives and Liberals, which resulted in his expulsion from the

2713: 2630: 2559:

government accepted the program, relying on votes from the opposition parties

2391:

being formed between the CDU-CSU and SPD. Schröder lost his chancellorship to

2326: 1370: 1249: 1086: 1049: 1038:, with its 18 seats, withdrew their support, leading to new elections in 1999. 871: 831: 329: 208: 17: 5338: 5120: 4910: 3974: 3448:

Ripley, Will; McKirdy, Euan; Wakatsuki, Yoko; Yan, Holly (14 December 2014).

2982:. Elections may not otherwise be called during the first three months of the 1422:

government sided with shipping companies against a militant union, while the

866:. The Liberals won the 2021 state election with a majority of one seat, with 4661:"Κατ' αρχήν συμφωνία Παπανδρέου — Σαμαρά για την κυβέρνηση συνεργασίας" 4511:"Armenians head to polls in first ever snap parliamentary election (PHOTOS)" 3328:

The following two elections were called by the will of Parliament while the

3238:

in January 1965. Labour won a decisive victory, with a majority of 98 seats.

3138: 2645:(SREL). The review found Juncker deficient in his control over the service. 2286: 2101:, in all cases, the prime minister has called elections at an earlier date. 2028: 1554: 1531: 1074: 909: 792: 780:

Representatives to the ALP's 36 and a 35–27 majority in the expanded Senate.

130: 5185:"The King doesn't nominate any candidate heading to a new election in June" 2660:

to the Grand Duke on 11 July 2013, upon knowledge of the withdrawal of the

4858: 2049:

lead a series of coalition minority governments calling elections in both

940:

through the normal legislative process, although this has never occurred.

4998: 4745: 3963:"Nazarbayev ally wins big in Kazakhstan election after hundreds arrested" 3070: 2814: 2760: 2741: 2518: 1781:

attempted to dissolve the Parliament and call a general election but the

1696:

dissolved Parliament and called a general election as Ceylon's governing

1562:. A number of PPP party members were detained including Bhutto's husband 893: 506:, snap elections at the federal level are very common. Section 50 of the 409: 218: 43: 5423:"Stormont deal: Arlene Foster and Michelle O'Neill new top NI ministers" 3755:"Kazakh 'Rerun:' A Brief History Of Kazakhstan's Presidential Elections" 1935:

there has been a political stalemate which has led to snap elections in

4510: 3053:

shortly after his inauguration to win a parliamentary majority for his

2983: 2403: 2321: 1887: 1736:

dissolved the Parliament and called a General election in August 1994.

956:

five-year term ended in January 1996, the country went to the polls on

594: 480:

ruled out the possibility of a snap election later in the year. In the

4859:КС РФ решит, можно ли в 2016 году проводить досрочные выборы в Госдуму 4230:"Crime Weakens Support for Bhutto, Even in Her Traditional Power Base" 2729:, or twice in three months pass a motion of no confidence against the 2166:

currently in use, the president can do this only upon proposal by the

3388: 3345: 2696:

if a government has not been formed in 60 days and two proposals for

2556: 2517:

which had a remit to ratify and implement decisions taken with other

2502: 2433: 2219: 1200:

resulted in yet another stalemate. Progress has been made due to the

503: 251: 5327:"In Ukraine Snap Elections, New President Aims to Consolidate Power" 4074:"Has Kazakhstan Become More Democratic Following Recent Elections?" 3230:

called the election seventeen months after Labour narrowly won the

2633:

on 20 October 2013. The elections were called after Prime Minister

1670:: Even though the elections were not due till 1957, Prime Minister 1566:

who was accused of taking commissions for arranging official deals.

542:

to call two snap elections, in 1997 and 2000, winning both times.

5149:"Zapatero convoca el 20-N para que "otro Gobierno dé certidumbre"" 4124:"Drunk, defiant Muldoon snaps, calls election - 150 years of News" 2575:

were called for 20 September of the same year, 8 months after the

2564: 2459: 1834: 1221: 1173: 1045: 995: 3936:"Nazarbayev protégé wins Kazakhstan elections marred by protests" 3041:

higher than 50%. A snap election was most recently held with the

2603:

and in the current republican phase. After the foundation of the

2505:

held snap elections in two consecutive months. The government of

1627:

In the Philippines, the term "snap election" often refers to the

1176:-led governing coalition, on the day transitional prime minister 830:– who had won the prime ministership outside of an election from 4710:"Greek Parliament Approves €85bn Bailout after Rancorous Debate" 4590:. Poslanecká Snemovna Parlamentu Ceske Republiky. 20 August 2013 3194:: Despite the fact the Conservatives were leading in the polls, 2789:

involving local center-right politicians, former Prime Minister

2207:, which is the upper house, can never be dissolved prematurely. 1925: 1700:(MEP) coalition was falling apart. United National Party led by 1406:. There have been three snap elections, in 1951, 1984 and 2002. 998:

in 1998, after the government elected in 1996 collapsed and the

3581:. IV.50. Westminster: Queen's Printer (published 29 March 1867) 4488: 4458: 4402: 3622:"Trudeau criticized for calling Canadian election in 4th wave" 3004:(The December Agreement). The agreement was dissolved in 2015. 2887:

As no candidates were proposed by the deadline, the President

2525:(IMF) a month earlier. This government served for six months. 1463:), and the government was returned with an increased majority. 1122: 816:

made the announcement following the launch of the coalition's

4742:"Greece Vote Set for 20 September as Interim PM Takes Office" 3450:"In Japan snap elections, voters back Abe's economic reforms" 3248:

called the election in order to get a mandate to face down a

2641:, announced his resignation over a spy scandal involving the 1115:

prime minister till the elections were held later that year.

468:

in September 1981, snap elections have been called twice, in

4641:[My constitution] (in Danish). Parliament of Denmark 3807:"Kazakhstan's leader resigns after almost 30 years in power" 2781:

vote her government had lost because of its support for the

2637:, at the time the longest serving head of government in the 690:

before its term expires, which is done on the advice of the

3911:"Kazakhstan to hold early presidential elections on 9 June" 3642:"Trudeau's Liberals win Canada election, but miss majority" 3168:: Following his government split over how to deal with the 2571:. Since many Syriza MPs refused to support the government, 1192:, with respect to the process defined by the law). Thus, a 1048:

from 5 September to 3 October 1999, a few months after the

4957:. Slovenian Press Agency. 10 February 2012. Archived from 4022:"Why Is Kazakhstan Holding Early Parliamentary Elections?" 1603:

imposed for more of its history than not. This means that

1553:

and Benazir Bhutto became prime minister at the head of a

5109:"Predsednik Türk razpustil parlament in razpisal volitve" 4318:"The Verdict on Two Courts; Judicial Courage in Pakistan" 3137:

had won a working majority in the House of Commons after

2395:

due to his party narrowly coming second in the elections.

2998:

parties reached an agreement on 27 December 2014 called

2775:

Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party

5296:"Voters Committee Predicting 60% Snap Election Turnout" 4981:"Slovenia gets new cabinet, two months after elections" 3110:. This required only a simple majority, because of the 2908:

were dissolved and the general election called by King

2864:. However, on 20 September 2011, the government led by 2367:, caused the opposition to gain a wide majority in the 1758:

dissolved the Parliament and called a general election.

1208:

was formed. However, another snap election was held in

1139: 786:: While an election was not due for seven more months, 5203:"Spain, forced to repeat elections for the first time" 3158:

in January 1924, Baldwin resigned and was replaced by

2162:

can call for an early election. As per the version of

1928:

were able to form a coalition with a tied parliament.

1746:

2000 general election lost the majority of the ruling

1732:

Even though the elections were due in 1995, President

1168:

in April 2019 resulted in a political stalemate after

4812:"Luxembourg PM Juncker offers government resignation" 4783:"Luxembourg spying scandal breaks Juncker government" 4455:"Pakistan president fires Bhutto, calls new election" 4263:"Pakistan Government Collapses; Elections Are Called" 2548:

resulted in the formation of a coalition government.

2285:

In the Federal Republic of Germany, elections to the

1342:, it was dissolved a year later and were followed by 5387:"Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Bill 2021-22" 3884:"Kazakhstan president calls snap elections for June" 3859:"Nazarbayev's daughter becomes Kazakh heir apparent" 2544:

announced that a second election would be held. The

3996:"Kazakhstan The Election of 1994 and Its Aftermath" 3780:Nurumov, Dmitry; Vashchanka, Vasil (20 June 2019). 3291:was forced to call the election after a successful 2769:. The election followed the fall of Prime Minister 1975:on 25 and 26 October 2013, seven months before the 1721:As the Senate of Ceylon was abolished in 1971, The 1655:, House of Representatives, the Lower House of the 858:called the election a year early after the Liberal 5167:"Pedro Sánchez: "We are doomed to a new election"" 4767:Luxembourg calls early elections after spy scandal 4633: 4631: 4399:"Sharif takes office as Pakistan's prime minister" 3471:"Japanese voters re-elect Abe in low poll turnout" 3414:over various issues and scandals with his party's 3106:stipulating a set date for the next election: the 3079:the length of parliament was first limited in 1694 2330:foreign policy, especially the recognition of the 1890:on 9 December 2018, as none of the parties in the 3833:"Kazakhstan: Real Power Transition Still to Come" 2950:announced a snap election to be held on 23 July. 2672:. Juncker urged the Grand Duke for the immediate 2648:After a spy scandal involving the SREL illegally 2065:. Likewise, his predecessors called elections in 1549:: The PPP won the largest number of seats in the 1065:(BJP) coalition government led by Prime Minister 5137:. Boletín Oficial del Estado. 26 September 2011. 3358:: In September and October 2019, Prime Minister 2536:were unsuccessful. The constitution directs the 4930: 4928: 4909:. National Electoral Commission. Archived from 4610:"Zeman confirms dissolution of the lower house" 3783:Presidential Terms in Kazakhstan: Less is More? 1692:Elections were due on 1961, But Prime Minister 1326:was held as a result of the dissolution of the 607:Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta 523:to five years following the return of the last 4806: 4804: 4204:"New Zealand's early general election of 2002" 4048:"A Fair State. One Nation. Prosperous Society" 3704:"The Thirteenth Election of India's Lok Sabha" 3116:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 2825:. However, he failed to be elected as the new 1898:. They were the first elections following the 652:allows for the dissolution of Congress by the 561:called an election just nine months after the 4612:. Radio Praha. 28 August 2013. Archived from 3104:Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019 2763:on 10 March 2012 to elect 150 members of the 2272:made heavy losses and the far-right populist 1902:and the country's first-ever snap elections. 1002:was convened. New elections were called when 385: 8: 5361:"What happens when Parliament is dissolved?" 5246:Stefan Löfven utlyser extra val (in Swedish) 4777: 4775: 4485:"Pakistani court upholds Bhutto's dismissal" 4256: 4254: 4252: 3539:31798 "Hon. Barrow Pleased, Avoids Gloating" 2845:and 2 members elected by ethnic minorities ( 1537:Finally on 18 July, under pressure from the 1212:after collapse of the coalition government. 432:Since the power to call snap elections (the 4202:Church, Stephen; McLeay, Elizabeth (2002). 4176:"John Key, modest constitutional innovator" 3857:Astrasheuskaya, Nastassia (20 March 2019). 2925:: After no party secured a majority in the 2875:, the National Assembly has to elect a new 2720:) is elected for a five-year term, but the 2664:from the government and thereby losing its 4935:Slovenian Press Agency (7 February 2012). 4879: 4877: 4078:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 3364:a long prorogation that was ruled unlawful 3324:, won a majority of seats at the election. 2961:Instrument of Government (Regeringsformen) 2264:called a snap election in response to the 1869:, which boycotted the election afterwards. 1014:, after they refused to drop the regional 892:In the states and territories, all except 775:and the installation of Opposition Leader 713:Examples of early elections in Australia: 464:Since Belize gained independence from the 392: 378: 31: 3665:, November 29, 1997, by Kenneth J. Cooper 3276:The following elections were forced by a 1334:. However due to the nature of the newly 735:election focused on Labor Prime Minister 476:. In March 2015, Belizean Prime Minister 4937:"Enter the Political Year of the Dragon" 4737:Presidential Decree 66 of 28 August 2015 4683:"Greece to hold new election on 17 June" 4449: 4447: 4445: 4046:Bulatkulova, Saniya (2 September 2022). 3678:"Jayalalitha: Actress-turned-politician" 3545:. 5 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015. 3477:. Agence France Presse. 15 December 2014 3206:returned to power with a majority of 17. 1971:Snap general elections were held in the 1955:, with another snap election called for 1639:marred the election. A new constitution 1079:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1036:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 624:In 2021, sitting Liberal Prime Minister 3440: 3424:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 3400:2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election 3252:. The election unexpectedly produced a 2712:, according the article 109, while the 2621:after the loss of confidence in 1994). 2617:denied snap election to Prime Minister 2149:, which was critical of the government. 1236:. The act is based on Article 7 of the 534:During his 10 years as prime minister, 516:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 461:upon the advice of the prime minister. 42: 4955:"Janša Formally Takes Over from Pahor" 3603: 3592: 2839:party-list proportional representation 2777:-led coalition in October 2011 over a 2759:A snap general election took place in 1678:led by Kotelawala was defeated to the 1358:under the pretext of economic issues. 27:Election called earlier than scheduled 5394:Researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk 3379:The devolved UK administrations (the 3043:2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election 2993:: On 3 December 2014, Prime Minister 2833:, the president of the second-placed 2629:Early general elections were held in 2532:produced a deadlocked parliament and 2193:2000 French constitutional referendum 2186:is elected for a five-year term, the 1674:called an early election. The Ruling 1437:lost patience with his less obedient 658:2020 Peruvian parliamentary elections 640:failed to win a majority government. 7: 3702:Oldenburg, Philip (September 1999). 3555:Chrisbert Garcia (5 November 2015). 3280:against the will of the government: 3202:. The Labour Party was defeated and 3067:prime minister of the United Kingdom 2868:fell after a vote of no confidence. 2805:A parliamentary election for the 90 2676:and the calling of a snap election. 2589:June 2023 Greek legislative election 1912:2021–2023 Bulgarian political crisis 1081:(AIADMK). The leader of the AIADMK, 5325:Nechepurenko, Ivan (21 July 2019). 4837:Article 89, Constitution of Romania 4020:Putz, Catherine (26 January 2016). 3676:BBC World Service (19 April 1999). 3346:withdrawing from the European Union 3112:doctrine of parliamentary supremacy 2912:on 26 September, at the request of 2797:won an absolute majority of seats. 2662:Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party 2584:May 2023 Greek legislative election 2324:opposition due to the government's 1448:. On 12 June 2002 the Labour Party 1224:, a snap election is called when a 683:Australian House of Representatives 4985:Europe Online ate=10 February 2012 4261:Gargan, Edward A. (19 July 1993). 3792:10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0012 3706:. The Asia Society. Archived from 3527:Political Database of the Americas 3523:Belize / Belice: Constitution 1981 3395:, or other special circumstances. 3013:Following a total revision of the 2643:Service de Renseignement de l'Etat 2240:after Mitterrand's first election. 1534:unless new elections were called. 1160:2019–2022 Israeli political crisis 25: 5365:www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk 5359:Marshall, Joe (31 October 2019). 5302:. 16 October 2008. Archived from 5270:"Klart: Det blir inget extra val" 5220:AP, Carlos E. Cué (29 May 2023). 4461:. 5 November 1996. Archived from 4228:Crossette, Barbara (6 May 1990). 4211:Australasian Parliamentary Review 3831:Mallinson, Kate (22 March 2019). 3312:, which had been proposed by the 2783:European Financial Stability Fund 2234:that year's presidential election 1206:thirty-fifth government of Israel 1044:: General elections were held in 994:: General elections were held in 5403:from the original on 5 July 2021 4564:. 20 August 2013. Archived from 4538:. European Voice. 13 August 2013 4290:"Pakistan Seeks 2-Party Cabinet" 4072:Abishev, Gaziz (12 April 2023). 3805:Leonard, Peter (19 March 2019). 3339:: In April 2017, Prime Minister 2688:, according the article 89, the 2095:Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet 1829:, forcing him into exile in the 1484:won a plurality of seats in the 1126: 498:List of snap elections in Canada 361: 50: 4848:Chapter 5. The Federal Assembly 3961:Lillis, Joanna (10 June 2019). 3406:. Following the resignation of 3330:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 3091:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 2340:: The government of Chancellor 2022:art. 32, sec. 1); however, the 1983:'s four year legislative term. 1822:People's Alliance for Democracy 1659:, is elected to a 5 year term. 1414:occurred immediately after the 1198:third consecutive snap election 449:According to Section 84 of the 5023:. Rtvslo.si. 20 September 2011 4708:Hope, Kerin (14 August 2015). 3909:Gotev, Georgi (9 April 2019). 3508:. 1 April 2017. Archived from 3318:Scottish devolution referendum 3242:February 1974 general election 2991:2014 Swedish government crisis 2546:June 2012 legislative election 2031:, this is not automatically a 2018:take place every fourth year ( 1845:: Thaksin Shinawatra's sister 1686:who became the Prime Minister. 1379:2022 constitutional referendum 1100:and largest opposition party ( 660:were declared after President 482:November 2015 general election 1: 4870:Constitutional Court Decision 4174:James, Colin (14 June 2011). 4150:"Muldoon calls snap election" 3368:a bill to bypass the 2011 Act 3260:October 1974 general election 2967:allows an "extra election" (" 2534:attempts to form a government 2530:May 2012 legislative election 2266:European Parliament elections 2218:called a snap election after 1020:assassination of Rajiv Gandhi 882:2024 Tasmanian state election 846:2021 Tasmanian state election 586:1990 Ontario general election 519:limits the maximum life of a 5209:(in Spanish). 26 April 2016. 5191:(in Spanish). 26 April 2016. 5173:(in Spanish). 26 April 2016. 3759:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 3402:: Held ten months after the 2917:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 2795:Direction – Social Democracy 2377:Federal Constitutional Court 1933:2020–2021 Bulgarian protests 1916:Snap elections were held in 1884:Snap parliamentary elections 1690:1960 March general election: 1314:and hand over the office to 1252:was isolated within his own 954:Bangladesh Nationalist Party 926:Australian Capital Territory 818:Goods and Services Tax (GST) 619:Alberta New Democratic Party 591:Ontario New Democratic Party 5045:. Rtvslo.si. 29 August 2011 4887:. Rtvslo.si. 27 August 2011 3529:. (accessed 9 October 2014) 2941:28 May 2023 local elections 2523:International Monetary Fund 2228:: After the re-election of 1706:1960 July general election. 975:Supreme Court of Bangladesh 870:forming opposition and the 224:Right to stand for election 5463: 5367:. Institute for Government 4999:"Državna volilna komisija" 4536:"Czech government resigns" 3420:Northern Ireland Executive 3404:previous Assembly election 3156:losing a confidence motion 3085:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 3015:Swiss Federal Constitution 2835:Slovenian Democratic Party 2379:. The election produced a 2002:was then appointed by the 1909: 1775:2018 Constitutional crisis 1711:1960 July general election 1629:1986 presidential election 1504:Pakistan Muslim League (N) 1344:1995 legislative elections 1300:2019 presidential election 1248:, when the Prime Minister 1157: 773:1975 constitutional crisis 495: 484:, Prime Minister Barrow's 5067:. Rtvslo.si. 29 July 2011 4429:Inter-Parliamentary Union 4378:Inter-Parliamentary Union 3381:Northern Ireland Assembly 3350:Democratic Unionist Party 3200:previous general election 2738:2016 legislative election 2674:dissolution of parliament 2515:national unity government 2511:2009 legislative election 2383:due to the gains made by 2258:2024 legislative election 2244:1997 legislative election 2226:1988 legislative election 2212:1968 legislative election 2197:2024 legislative election 1922:Bulgarian Socialist Party 1615:of government, where the 1389:for the first time since 1363:2023 legislative election 1324:1994 legislative election 1194:snap legislative election 1030:retained his position of 1016:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 720:: Liberal Prime Minister 434:dissolution of parliament 418:dissolution of parliament 4425:"ELECTIONS HELD IN 1997" 4374:"ELECTIONS HELD IN 1993" 3579:"Constitution Act, 1867" 3316:in the aftermath of the 3310:lost a confidence motion 3037:a snap poll must have a 3001:Decemberöverenskommelsen 2881:President of the country 2787:major corruption scandal 2306:social-liberal coalition 1988:elected in May 2010 1959:, after the fall of the 1752:Ratnasiri Wickremanayake 1698:Mahajana Eksath Peramuna 1613:semi-presidential system 1338:opposing then-President 1254:Liberal Democratic Party 1102:Indian National Congress 1098:leader of the opposition 1004:Indian National Congress 681:The maximum term of the 5251:17 January 2021 at the 4769:France 24, 19 July 2013 3543:Tropical Vision Limited 3393:motion of no confidence 3278:motion of no confidence 3216:retired in April 1955, 3017:, both chambers of the 2310:Social Democratic Party 2016:Parliamentary elections 1680:Sri Lanka Freedom Party 1651:Previously, During the 1416:1951 waterfront dispute 1204:, and consequently the 973:On the other hand, the 486:United Democratic Party 3602:Cite journal requires 3410:deputy First Minister 2965:Constitution of Sweden 2684:In Romania, under the 2387:party, resulting in a 2365:North Rhine-Westphalia 2276:got 31.5% of the vote. 2268:, when Macron's party 1998:led by Prime Minister 1990:led by Prime Minister 1979:expiry of the elected 1762:2004 general election: 1744:2001 general election: 1730:1994 general election: 1694:Wijayananda Dahanayake 1574:and member of the PPP 1478:Pakistan Peoples Party 1302:: Long-time president 1063:Bharatiya Janata Party 1061:On 17 April 1999, the 1057:held in as many years. 1024:Bharatiya Janata Party 629:called a snap election 527:. A law was passed to 509:Constitution Act, 1867 451:Constitution of Belize 290:Next general elections 5300:Ukrainian News Agency 4099:"Division and defeat" 3837:/www.chathamhouse.org 3356:2019 general election 3337:2017 general election 3303:1979 general election 3293:vote of no confidence 3285:1924 general election 3232:1964 general election 3224:1966 general election 3210:1955 general election 3192:1951 general election 3166:1931 general election 3143:1922 general election 3131:1923 general election 3108:2019 general election 3055:Servant of the People 3045:held after President 2937:2023 general election 2927:2015 general election 2923:2016 general election 2902:2011 general election 2708:In Russia, under the 2694:Parliament of Romania 2666:confidence and supply 2357:2005 federal election 2338:1983 federal election 2314:Free Democratic Party 2298:1972 federal election 2246:: The then-president 2214:: The then-president 2178:In France, under the 2164:the 2000 constitution 2143:2020 Danish mink cull 2128:2022 general election 2113:Anders Fogh Rasmussen 2106:2007 general election 1843:2014 general election 1827:2006 Thai coup d'état 1806:2006 general election 1738:Chandrika Kumaratunga 1715:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 1684:S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike 1676:United National Party 1668:1956 general election 1547:1997 general election 1500:1993 general election 1474:1990 general election 1367:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 1308:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 1238:Constitution of Japan 1042:1999 general election 992:1998 general election 174:Boundary delimitation 4616:on 29 September 2013 3650:. 20 September 2021. 3561:Breaking Belize News 3375:Devolved governments 3075:Lascelles Principles 2931:ensuing negotiations 2748:Constitutional Court 2731:Government of Russia 2716:(lower house of the 2690:President of Romania 2615:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 2351:Constitutional Court 2316:had been elected in 2160:President of Finland 2040:minority governments 1996:caretaker government 1779:Maithripala Sirisena 1723:Constitution of 1978 1717:formed a Government. 1657:Parliament of Ceylon 1635:when allegations of 1340:Nursultan Nazarbayev 1304:Nursultan Nazarbayev 1166:legislative election 1067:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1028:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 930:Legislative Assembly 898:fixed election dates 664:dissolved Congress. 650:Constitution of Peru 565:and transformed his 414:parliamentary system 275:Elections by country 5115:. 21 October 2011. 4465:on 9 September 2005 3734:www.election.gov.kz 3663:The Washington Post 3630:. 3 September 2021. 3385:Scottish Parliament 3295:as a result of the 3178:National Government 3047:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 2700:have been refused. 2670:Chamber of Deputies 2635:Jean-Claude Juncker 2551:In 2015, after the 2373:red-green coalition 2230:François Mitterrand 2097:came very close in 2020:Danish Constitution 1847:Yingluck Shinawatra 1672:Sir John Kotelawala 1597:presidential system 1516:regional assemblies 1312:transition of power 934:federal territories 864:minority government 860:majority government 567:minority government 538:recommended to the 368:Politics portal 5429:. 11 January 2020. 5331:The New York Times 5276:. 27 December 2014 5259:, 3 December 2014. 4961:on 6 November 2020 4405:. 17 February 1997 4323:The New York Times 4295:The New York Times 4268:The New York Times 4235:The New York Times 4130:. 26 November 2015 3557:"Election results" 3422:collapsed and the 3236:Leyton by-election 3141:'s victory in the 3135:Conservative Party 2553:bailout referendum 2521:countries and the 2474:Schleswig-Holstein 2033:vote of confidence 1813:Thaksin Shinawatra 1653:Dominion of Ceylon 1488:and Bhutto became 1431:1984 snap election 1412:1951 snap election 1365:: After President 1332:multi-party system 1316:Dariga Nazarbayeva 1178:Benjamin Netanyahu 1172:refused to join a 1138:. You can help by 1069:failed a to win a 1010:government led by 938:Northern Territory 902:loss of confidence 884:: Liberal Premier 874:being composed of 733:double dissolution 706:double dissolution 521:federal parliament 4568:on 20 August 2013 4491:. 29 January 1997 4351:The Seattle Times 4181:Otago Daily Times 4154:nzhistory.govt.nz 4103:nzhistory.govt.nz 3427:James Brokenshire 3412:Martin McGuinness 3322:Margaret Thatcher 3244:: Prime Minister 3214:Winston Churchill 3204:Winston Churchill 2871:As stated in the 2819:Positive Slovenia 2811:National Assembly 2710:1993 constitution 2692:can dissolve the 2686:1993 constitution 2652:politicians, the 2619:Silvio Berlusconi 2509:, elected in the 2507:George Papandreou 2291:Federal President 2216:Charles de Gaulle 2184:National Assembly 2135:Mette Frederiksen 1961:Denkov Government 1949:Petkov Government 1920:when neither the 1892:National Assembly 1867:Abhisit Vejjajiva 1864:opposition leader 1748:People's Alliance 1702:Dudley Senanayake 1617:Batasang Pambansa 1512:National Assembly 1202:COVID-19 pandemic 1156: 1155: 918:Western Australia 878:and independents. 699:Australian Senate 634:COVID-19 pandemic 605:of the governing 577:up to that date. 575:history of Canada 569:into the largest 525:writs of election 514:section 4 of the 455:National Assembly 402: 401: 320:Election security 303:elections in 2024 257:Electoral systems 184:Electoral college 154:Anonymous elector 16:(Redirected from 5454: 5431: 5430: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5402: 5391: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5356: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5266: 5260: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4951: 4945: 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4084: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4052:The Astana Times 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3915:www.euractiv.com 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3673: 3667: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3647:Associated Press 3638: 3632: 3631: 3627:Associated Press 3618: 3612: 3611: 3605: 3600: 3598: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3552: 3546: 3536: 3530: 3520: 3514: 3513: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3445: 3366:, he introduced 3289:Ramsay MacDonald 3188:, lost his seat. 3186:Arthur Henderson 3174:Ramsay MacDonald 3170:Great Depression 3160:Ramsay MacDonald 3019:Federal Assembly 2906:Cortes Generales 2718:Federal Assembly 2605:Italian Republic 2438:Abgeordnetenhaus 2361:Gerhard Schröder 2332:Oder-Neisse line 1661:Senate of Ceylon 1641:approved in 1987 1609:Ferdinand Marcos 1564:Asif Ali Zardari 1506:(PML-N) won the 1170:Yisrael Beiteinu 1151: 1148: 1130: 1123: 958:15 February 1996 912:legislatures, a 752: 751: 747: 744: 688:Governor-General 668:Asia and Oceania 559:John Diefenbaker 540:governor general 459:governor-general 394: 387: 380: 366: 365: 345:Election science 340:Electoral reform 194:Election silence 179:Crossover voting 136:Two-round system 54: 32: 21: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5434: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5370: 5368: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253:Wayback Machine 5244: 5240: 5230: 5228: 5226:EL PAÍS English 5219: 5218: 5214: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5155:. 29 July 2011. 5147: 5146: 5142: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5092: 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3147:Stanley Baldwin 3133:: Although the 3124: 3087: 3063: 3031: 3023:Federal Council 3011: 2957: 2898: 2803: 2757: 2706: 2682: 2627: 2610:recall election 2597: 2499: 2389:grand coalition 2381:hung parliament 2283: 2262:Emmanuel Macron 2176: 2156: 2147:Mink Commission 2139:Social Liberals 2012: 1986:The government 1969: 1914: 1908: 1900:2018 revolution 1896:Nikol Pashinyan 1881: 1876: 1855:Pheu Thai Party 1802: 1649: 1621:elected in 1981 1589: 1470: 1418:, in which the 1400: 1336:Supreme Council 1262: 1218: 1162: 1152: 1146: 1143: 1136:needs expansion 1121: 1109:K. R. Narayanan 1071:confidence vote 1006:(INC) left the 988: 946: 886:Jeremy Rockliff 749: 745: 742: 740: 675: 670: 662:Martín Vizcarra 646: 544:Wilfrid Laurier 500: 494: 447: 442: 422:recall election 398: 360: 355: 354: 350:Paper candidate 325:Electoral fraud 315: 307: 306: 280:Close elections 270: 262: 261: 247:Political party 237: 229: 228: 149: 141: 140: 62: 37:Politics series 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5460: 5458: 5450: 5449: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5432: 5414: 5378: 5351: 5317: 5306:on 27 May 2009 5287: 5261: 5238: 5212: 5194: 5176: 5158: 5140: 5126: 5100: 5078: 5056: 5034: 5012: 4990: 4972: 4946: 4941:Slovenia Times 4924: 4898: 4873: 4862: 4851: 4840: 4829: 4818:. 11 July 2013 4800: 4789:. 10 July 2013 4771: 4759: 4729: 4700: 4674: 4652: 4639:"Min grundlov" 4627: 4601: 4579: 4549: 4527: 4502: 4476: 4441: 4416: 4390: 4365: 4354:. 19 July 1993 4337: 4309: 4281: 4248: 4220: 4194: 4166: 4141: 4115: 4090: 4064: 4038: 4012: 3987: 3953: 3942:. 10 June 2019 3927: 3901: 3890:. 9 April 2019 3875: 3849: 3823: 3797: 3772: 3761:. 9 March 2015 3746: 3721: 3710:on 4 June 2008 3694: 3668: 3653: 3633: 3613: 3604:|journal= 3566: 3547: 3531: 3515: 3505:Times of Malta 3491: 3462: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3353: 3332:was in force: 3326: 3325: 3300: 3264: 3263: 3257: 3250:miners' strike 3239: 3221: 3207: 3196:Clement Attlee 3189: 3163: 3123: 3120: 3086: 3083: 3062: 3061:United Kingdom 3059: 3051:Verkhovna Rada 3049:dissolved the 3030: 3027: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3005: 2980:prime minister 2956: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2945:Prime minister 2934: 2920: 2914:Prime Minister 2897: 2894: 2877:prime minister 2843:D'Hondt method 2827:prime minister 2823:Zoran Janković 2821:party, led by 2802: 2799: 2771:Iveta Radičová 2756: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2727:prime minister 2705: 2702: 2698:Prime Minister 2681: 2678: 2639:European Union 2626: 2623: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2471: 2457: 2431: 2397: 2396: 2354: 2342:Helmut Schmidt 2335: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2274:National Rally 2255: 2248:Jacques Chirac 2241: 2223: 2180:Fifth Republic 2175: 2172: 2168:prime minister 2155: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2132:Prime minister 2125: 2122:Danish economy 2118:welfare reform 2110:Prime minister 2024:prime minister 2011: 2008: 1977:constitutional 1973:Czech Republic 1968: 1967:Czech Republic 1965: 1907: 1904: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1860:Democrat Party 1839: 1838: 1810:Prime Minister 1801: 1798: 1794:20th Amendment 1770:19th Amendment 1767: 1766: 1759: 1741: 1734:D.B. Wijetunga 1719: 1718: 1708: 1687: 1648: 1645: 1588: 1585: 1568: 1567: 1524: 1523: 1497: 1490:prime minister 1482:Benazir Bhutto 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1450:Prime Minister 1442: 1435:Robert Muldoon 1427: 1420:National Party 1404:prime minister 1399: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1375:January Events 1328:Supreme Soviet 1320: 1319: 1261: 1258: 1228:dissolves the 1226:prime minister 1217: 1214: 1186:Blue and White 1154: 1153: 1133: 1131: 1120: 1117: 1083:J. Jayalalitha 1059: 1058: 1054:13th Lok Sabha 1039: 1032:prime minister 1000:12th Lok Sabha 987: 984: 970:Jatiya Sangsad 945: 942: 906:loss of supply 890: 889: 879: 843: 821: 807: 804:Andrew Peacock 797: 788:Malcolm Fraser 781: 777:Malcolm Fraser 762: 726: 722:Robert Menzies 711: 710: 702: 695: 692:Prime Minister 674: 671: 669: 666: 645: 642: 626:Justin Trudeau 615:2010s oil glut 611:Wildrose Party 582:David Peterson 556:Prime Minister 496:Main article: 493: 490: 466:United Kingdom 446: 443: 441: 438: 400: 399: 397: 396: 389: 382: 374: 371: 370: 357: 356: 353: 352: 347: 342: 337: 327: 322: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 305: 304: 293: 292: 287: 282: 277: 271: 268: 267: 264: 263: 260: 259: 254: 249: 244: 242:Administration 238: 235: 234: 231: 230: 227: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 199:Gerrymandering 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 150: 147: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 74: 69: 63: 60: 59: 56: 55: 47: 46: 40: 39: 26: 24: 18:Snap elections 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5459: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5399: 5395: 5388: 5382: 5379: 5366: 5362: 5355: 5352: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5318: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5242: 5239: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5213: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5195: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5172: 5168: 5162: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5101: 5088: 5082: 5079: 5066: 5060: 5057: 5044: 5038: 5035: 5022: 5016: 5013: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4973: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4929: 4925: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4899: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4833: 4830: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4760: 4747: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4730: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4704: 4701: 4689:. 16 May 2012 4688: 4684: 4678: 4675: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4640: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4589: 4583: 4580: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4550: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4391: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4326:. 29 May 1993 4325: 4324: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4224: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4195: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4170: 4167: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4091: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4065: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4039: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4013: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3957: 3954: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3902: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3850: 3838: 3834: 3827: 3824: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3776: 3773: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3735: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3709: 3705: 3698: 3695: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3657: 3654: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3617: 3614: 3609: 3596: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3451: 3444: 3441: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3360:Boris Johnson 3357: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3297:Campbell Case 3294: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3228:Harold Wilson 3225: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3095:supermajority 3092: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3039:voter turnout 3036: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3008: 3003: 3002: 2996: 2995:Stefan Löfven 2992: 2989: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2949: 2948:Pedro Sánchez 2946: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2910:Juan Carlos I 2907: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2862:2008 election 2858: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2779:no confidence 2776: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2577:previous ones 2574: 2573:new elections 2570: 2566: 2562: 2561:New Democracy 2558: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2480:elections of 2479: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2440:elections of 2439: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2412:December 1982 2410:elections of 2409: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2394: 2393:Angela Merkel 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2359:: Chancellor 2358: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2300:: Chancellor 2299: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091:Lars Løkke II 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2047:Poul Schlüter 2043: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1941:November 2021 1938: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886:were held in 1885: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1817:Thai Rak Thai 1814: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1783:Supreme Court 1780: 1776: 1771: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1595:has used the 1594: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1581:Supreme Court 1577: 1573: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1551:1993 election 1548: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1520:Supreme Court 1517: 1513: 1509: 1508:1990 election 1505: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1486:1988 election 1483: 1480:(PPP) led by 1479: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1446:2002 election 1443: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1246:1976 election 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234:Diet of Japan 1231: 1227: 1223: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182:Reuven Rivlin 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1150: 1141: 1137: 1134:This section 1132: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 990: 989: 985: 983: 981: 976: 971: 967: 963: 962:Sheikh Hasina 959: 955: 951: 943: 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 887: 883: 880: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 856:Peter Gutwein 854: 851: 847: 844: 841: 837: 833: 829: 828:Julia Gillard 825: 824:2010 election 822: 819: 815: 811: 810:1998 election 808: 805: 801: 800:1984 election 798: 794: 789: 785: 784:1983 election 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 765:1975 election 763: 760: 756: 755:Billy Snedden 738: 737:Gough Whitlam 734: 730: 729:1974 election 727: 723: 719: 718:1963 election 716: 715: 714: 707: 703: 700: 696: 693: 689: 684: 680: 679: 678: 672: 667: 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 643: 641: 639: 638:Liberal Party 635: 630: 627: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 601:when Premier 600: 596: 592: 587: 583: 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 536:Jean Chrétien 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 517: 511: 510: 505: 499: 491: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 452: 444: 439: 437: 435: 430: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 406:snap election 395: 390: 388: 383: 381: 376: 375: 373: 372: 369: 364: 359: 358: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 335: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 317: 311: 310: 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Retrieved 3443: 3378: 3327: 3275: 3267:Gordon Brown 3265: 3246:Edward Heath 3218:Anthony Eden 3182:Labour Party 3154:. Following 3125: 3088: 3064: 3032: 3012: 2999: 2977: 2968: 2958: 2886: 2873:Constitution 2870: 2859: 2853:) using the 2841:system with 2804: 2766:Národná rada 2765: 2758: 2740: 2707: 2683: 2647: 2628: 2598: 2550: 2527: 2500: 2466:election of 2408:Bürgerschaft 2398: 2325: 2308:between the 2302:Willy Brandt 2284: 2260:: President 2220:May protests 2201:cohabitation 2182:, while the 2177: 2157: 2044: 2014:In Denmark, 2013: 1985: 1970: 1930: 1915: 1882: 1808:: In 2005, 1791: 1777:, President 1768: 1720: 1650: 1626: 1590: 1576:Miraj Khalid 1569: 1560:constitution 1536: 1525: 1401: 1387:independents 1321: 1270: 1263: 1219: 1163: 1144: 1140:adding to it 1135: 1094:Sonia Gandhi 1092: 1060: 1008:United Front 980:12 June 1996 966:Awami League 947: 891: 862:fell into a 836:independents 712: 697:Half of the 676: 647: 623: 603:Jim Prentice 579: 563:previous one 552:that of 1958 533: 515: 507: 501: 463: 448: 431: 405: 403: 189:Election law 125: 116:Proportional 35:Part of the 29: 5371:15 December 5257:Sydsvenskan 5171:eldiario.es 5093:11 November 5089:. Rtvslo.si 5071:11 November 5049:11 November 5027:11 November 4917:16 December 4891:11 November 4752:6 September 4722:6 September 4620:3 September 4520:31 December 4495:11 November 4469:11 November 4434:11 November 4409:11 November 4383:11 November 4358:25 November 4330:25 November 4302:25 November 4274:25 November 4241:29 November 4031:4 September 4005:4 September 4000:photius.com 3980:21 February 3946:21 February 3920:21 February 3894:21 February 3868:21 February 3842:21 February 3816:21 February 3765:4 September 3739:3 September 3714:11 December 3687:11 December 3481:15 December 3455:14 December 3341:Theresa May 3009:Switzerland 2889:Danilo Türk 2866:Borut Pahor 2855:Borda count 2831:Janez Janša 2791:Robert Fico 2785:. Amidst a 2658:resignation 2650:wiretapping 2347:Helmut Kohl 2270:Renaissance 2252:Alain Juppé 2000:Jiří Rusnok 1947:(after the 1851:3 July 2011 1831:Philippines 1756:Kumaratunga 1601:fixed terms 1593:Philippines 1587:Philippines 1453:Helen Clark 1398:New Zealand 1230:lower house 1190:Benny Gantz 1188:'s leader, 1012:I.K. Gujral 950:Khaleda Zia 908:or, in the 814:John Howard 759:Gair Affair 548:John Turner 478:Dean Barrow 426:by-election 285:Most recent 169:Competition 148:Terminology 67:By-election 61:Basic types 5310:16 October 5005:5 December 4965:9 December 4667:7 November 4645:26 October 4217:(1): 5–21. 3888:Al Jazeera 3863:www.ft.com 3811:Eurasianet 3585:15 January 3435:References 3387:, and the 2851:Hungarians 2714:State Duma 2654:Grand Duke 2631:Luxembourg 2625:Luxembourg 2327:Ostpolitik 1992:Petr Nečas 1981:parliament 1951:fell) and 1931:After the 1910:See also: 1792:Under the 1494:corruption 1461:party vote 1260:Kazakhstan 1250:Takeo Miki 1164:After the 1158:See also: 1087:Tamil Nadu 1050:Kargil War 944:Bangladesh 916:bill). In 914:deadlocked 872:crossbench 832:Kevin Rudd 334:by country 330:Referendum 209:Psephology 204:Initiative 86:Fixed-term 5447:Elections 5339:0362-4331 5274:Expressen 5121:1854-6544 4594:20 August 4572:20 August 4542:14 August 4159:23 August 4134:23 August 4108:23 August 3975:0261-3077 3940:France 24 3408:Sinn Féin 3139:Bonar Law 2969:extra val 2929:and with 2722:president 2569:The River 2542:president 2538:president 2501:In 2012, 2369:Bundesrat 2287:Bundestag 2188:President 2037:coalition 2029:Folketing 2004:President 1957:June 2024 1937:July 2021 1765:schedule. 1647:Sri Lanka 1570:A former 1555:coalition 1532:Islamabad 1266:President 1113:caretaker 1106:President 1075:Lok Sabha 910:bicameral 796:suffered. 793:Bob Hawke 769:John Kerr 739:'s first 673:Australia 654:President 236:Subseries 131:Sortition 106:Plurality 72:Corporate 44:Elections 5441:Category 5398:Archived 5344:26 April 5249:Archived 4816:BBC News 4746:BBC News 4718:. 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