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is called the "annual snow line". The glacier region below this snow line was subject to melting in the previous season. The term "orographic snow line" is used to describe the snow boundary on surfaces other than glaciers. The term "regional snow line" is used to describe large areas. The "permanent
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This point is an important location to use in determining whether a glacier is growing or shrinking. A higher glacier equilibrium line will indicate that the glacier is shrinking, whereas a lower line will indicate that the glacier is growing. The
140:
The average elevation of a transient snow line is called the "climatic snow line" and is used as a parameter to classify regions according to climatic conditions. The boundary between the accumulation zone and the ablation zone on
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of the surrounding lowlands would be warmer away from the sea. (This applies even in the tropics, since areas far from the sea will have larger diurnal temperature ranges and potentially less moisture, as observed with
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In addition, the relative location to the nearest coastline can influence the elevation of the snow line. Areas near a coast might have a lower snow line than areas of the same elevation and latitude situated in a
105:-covered and snow-free surface. The actual snow line may adjust seasonally, and be either significantly higher in elevation, or lower. The permanent snow line is the level above which snow will lie all year.
272:. It is the line where the mass of these two zones is equal. Depending on the thickness of the glacier, this line can seem as though it is leaning more towards one zone but it is determined by the actual
201:
133:. Because the snow line can be established without on-the-ground measurements, it can be measured in remote and difficult to access areas. Therefore, the snow line has become an important variable in
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environment at the end of the melting season is subject to climatic variability, and therefore may be different from year to year. The snow line is measured using automatic cameras,
303:, scientists are able to identify whether the glacier is growing or receding. This is a very helpful tool for analyzing glaciers that are difficult to access. Using this
117:-covered surface and snow-free surface. The definitions of the snow line may have different temporal and spatial focus. In many regions the changing snow line reflect
206:
648:
Regional
Climate and Snow/Glacier Distribution in Southern Upper Atacama (Ojos del Salado) – an integrated statistical, GIS and RS based approach
670:
369:
Charlesworth J.K. (1957). The quaternary era. With special reference to its glaciation, vol. I. London, Edward Arnold (publishers) Ltd, 700 pp.
534:
506:
429:
Carrivick, J.L., Lee, J. and Brewer, T.R. (2004). "Improving Local
Estimations and Regional Trends of Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitudes."
231:.) A higher elevation is therefore necessary to lower the temperature further against the surroundings and keep the snow from melting.
378:
Tronov, M.V. (1956). Voprosy svyazi mezhdu klimatom i oledeneniem . Izdatel'stvo
Tomskogo Universiteta, Tomsk, 202 pp. (in Russian)
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can have significant effects over large areas (in this case warming northern Europe, extending even to some Arctic Ocean regions).
444:
Benn, D.I., and
Lehmkuhl, F. (2000). "Mass balance and equilibrium-line altitudes of glaciers in high-mountain environments."
186:, the snow line becomes progressively lower as the latitude increases, to just below 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) in the
261:
384:
Braithewaite, R.J. and Raper, S.C.B (2009). "Estimating
Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) From Glacier Inventory Data."
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the snow line on the north-facing slopes is at a lower elevation, as the north-facing slopes receive less sunlight (
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Leonard, K.C., and
Fountain, A.G. (2003). "Map-Based Methods for Estimating Glacier Equilibrium-Line Altitudes."
337:
308:
31:
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Flint, R. F. (1957). Glacial and
Pleistocene geology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, xiii+553+555 pp.
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This article is about the geographical feature. For the boundary in a protoplanetary disk, see
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419:
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Ohmura, A., Kasser, P., and Funk, M. (1992). "Climate at the
Equilibrium Line of Glaciers."
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Kalesnik, S.V. (1939). Obshchaya glyatsiologiya . Uchpedgiz, Leningrad, 328 pp. (in
Russian)
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171:
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This 1848 "Sketch showing the actual elevation of the Snow Line in different
Latitudes" by
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Wilhelm, F. (1975). Schnee- und Gletscherkunde , De Gruyter, Berlin, 414 pp. (in German)
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affects the precise placement of the snow line at a particular location. At or near the
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Snow line is an umbrella term for different interpretations of the boundary between
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to better estimate the locations of this line on glaciers around the world. Using
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of a glacier advances or retreats based on the location of this equilibrium line.
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the permanent snow line can be as high as 5,700 metres (19,000 feet). Beyond the
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166:, it is typically situated at approximately 4,500 metres (15,000 ft) above
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601:"Map-based methods for estimating glacier equilibrium-line altitudes"
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249:) than south-facing slopes. The converse will occur in the Southern
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interior due to more winter snowfall and because the average summer
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shows the snow lines of mountains in America, Europe and Asia
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snow line" is the level above which snow will lie all year.
489:
Vijay P. Singh; Pratap Singh; Umesh K. Haritashya (2011).
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The highest mountain in the world below the snow line is
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can also be used to determine the location of this line.
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Furthermore, large-scale oceanic currents such as the
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Boundary between a snow-covered and snow-free surface
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Ohmura, Atsumu; Kasser, Peter; Funk, Martin (1992).
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Approximations. Snow line elevations retrieved from
599:Leonard, Katherine C.; Fountain, Andrew G. (2003).
190:and falling all the way to sea level itself at the
497:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp.
431:Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography
121:dynamics. The final height of the snow line in a
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518:
552:"Climate at the Equilibrium Line of Glaciers"
8:
264:line is the point of transition between the
178:, the parameter at first increases: in the
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575:
200:
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418:, vol. 38, no. 130, pp. 397–411.,
403:, vol. 49, no. 166, pp. 329–336.,
493:Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers
7:
433:, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 67–79.
25:
527:Geography: An Integrated Approach
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529:. Nelson Thornes. p. 105.
311:on glaciers around the world.
1:
671:Snow or ice weather phenomena
454:10.1016/S1040-6182(99)00034-8
276:in either zone. The rates of
56:(8,201 m), Himalayas: 6,000 m
150:Snow lines of global regions
227:and presently glacier-free
170:. As one moves towards the
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626:10.3189/172756503781830665
409:10.3189/172756503781830665
394:10.3189/172756410790595930
101:is the boundary between a
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577:10.3189/S0022143000002276
448:, 65/66, pp. 15–29.
424:10.3189/S0022143000002276
338:Frost line (astrophysics)
309:effects of climate change
73:(5,897 m), Andes: 5,000 m
32:Frost line (astrophysics)
446:Quaternary International
388:, 50, pp. 127–132.
307:we can better gauge the
256:Glacier equilibrium line
207:Alexander Keith Johnston
90:(4,506 m), Alps: 3,000 m
236:North Atlantic Current
210:
605:Journal of Glaciology
556:Journal of Glaciology
416:Journal of Glaciology
401:Journal of Glaciology
295:Scientists are using
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525:David Waugh (2000).
386:Annals of Glaciology
617:2003JGlac..49..329L
568:1992JGlac..38..397O
243:Northern Hemisphere
176:Tropic of Capricorn
135:hydrological models
40:Climatic snow lines
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127:aerial photographs
536:978-0-17-444706-1
508:978-90-481-2642-2
301:satellite imagery
266:accumulation zone
154:The interplay of
16:(Redirected from
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282:accumulation
260:The glacier
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274:mass of ice
262:equilibrium
251:Hemisphere.
225:Kilimanjaro
220:temperature
660:Categories
364:References
333:Frost line
305:technology
229:Mount Meru
109:Background
635:0022-1430
586:0022-1430
460:Footnotes
358:Tree line
348:High Alps
194:near the
180:Himalayas
168:sea level
156:elevation
99:snow line
88:Weisshorn
327:See also
290:terminus
278:ablation
216:landmass
192:ice caps
160:latitude
143:glaciers
123:mountain
119:seasonal
71:Cotopaxi
18:Snowline
613:Bibcode
564:Bibcode
439:3566202
343:Glacier
315:Records
241:In the
184:Tropics
164:equator
54:Cho Oyu
633:
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437:
435:JSTOR
196:poles
129:, or
666:Snow
631:ISSN
582:ISSN
531:ISBN
503:ISBN
499:1024
280:and
268:and
188:Alps
174:and
158:and
115:snow
103:snow
621:doi
572:doi
450:doi
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390:doi
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