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serving as vice president. In addition to rubber production, the initial plan also involved increasing production of bananas and other food crops, oil producing crops, spices, medicinal plants, and plants useful for textiles. SHADA was granted a 50 year lease on 150,000 acres of land, along with a 50
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By 1944, it was clear that the program was failing. Yields did not meet expectations, and rubber exports were deemed insignificant. A severe drought from 1943-1944 further crippled the harvest. A US military report stated "The worst thing that can be said of SHADA is that they are doing at
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in
Washington granted $ 5 million for the development of rubber plantations in Haiti. A company was established, named the Société Haïtiano-Américane de Développement Agricole. Thomas Fennell was brought on as president and general manager with Haitian Minister of Agriculture
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considerable expense to the
American taxpayer and in a manner that does not command the respect of the Haitian people". The US government offered $ 175,000 as compensation to the 35,000 to 40,000 displaced peasant families after recommending the program's cancellation.
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Lescot was a huge proponent for SHADA, believing the program was the solution to modernizing
Haitian agriculture. However, the company began forcibly removing peasant families from Haiti's most arable tracts of land. Additionally, nearly a million fruit-bearing trees in
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contract. Lescot feared SHADA's termination would add the burden of higher unemployment, as at its height over 90,000 people were employed by the company. His plea to continue operation until the end of the war was denied. A few months later, all
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were cut down and peasant houses were invaded or razed. Dartigue was alarmed, and wrote to
Fennell asking him to respect "the mentality and legitimate interests of the Haitian peasant and city-dwellers."
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In addition to rubber production, SHADA also exploited natural timber resources. 75,000 hectares of land were acquired by the company for the exploitation of timber. Species such as
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under contract of the US Rubber
Reserve Company (later the US Rubber Development Corporation). An estimated 47,177 acres were cleared for the cultivation of the
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year monopoly on the export of all natural rubber from Haiti. Although financed and supported by the US, the
Haitian government retained 100% of SHADA stock.
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to expand wartime production of rubber in the
Haitian countryside. This program was established in 1941 and ran until it was largely discontinued in 1944.
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vine in 1943. Farmers in Haiti's northern countryside were lured from food crop cultivation to meet increasing demand for rubber.
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The Lescot administration believed that large scale rubber production in Haiti would stimulate the economy. In 1941, the
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291:"Arrangement Between the United States and Haiti Regarding the Development of Haitian Agriculture and Economy"
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to Haiti. In 1941, Bartlett successfully transported 4,800 rubber plants. The same year,
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requested an agricultural advisor from the United States, and on the recommendations of
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began a program to develop rubber production in the tropical
Americas. Haitian president
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producing lands were razed and returned to the original owners, and
Fennell resigned.
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Foreign
Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers, 1941, the American Republics
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under direction of J. W. McQueen. By 1953, the company was no longer in operation.
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In early 1944, The Rubber Development Corporation sent a delegation to cancel the
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Red & Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934–1957
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Joint agricultural venture between the United States of America and Haiti
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agreed to set up rubber experimental station. The USDA then sent
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of the USDA conducted a rubber survey of Haiti, and the
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
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Société Haïtiano-Américaine de Développement Agricole
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Société Haïtiano-Américane de Développement Agricole
149:were harvested by SHADA in areas such as the
86:was selected and was sent to Haiti. In 1940,
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301:. Office of the Historian: 366. 5 May 1941
203:SHADA continued small scale production of
112:succeeded Vincent as president of Haiti.
348:"Forests and the forestry sector - Haiti"
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68:United States Department of Agriculture
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156:In 1942, SHADA switched focus from
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38:, was a joint venture between the
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326:Florida International University
92:Haitian Ministry of Agriculture
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380:Haiti–United States relations
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266:"Haitian Rubber Timeline"
146:Haematoxylon campechianum
322:"La Conception de SHADA"
40:United States of America
54:During the outbreak of
96:Harley Harris Bartlett
385:Agriculture in Haiti
264:Thomas D. Fennell.
270:Webster University
240:Smith, Matthew J.
127:Export-Import Bank
101:Hevea brasiliensis
84:Thomas A. Fennell
64:Dutch East Indies
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354:. March 2002
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198:Cryptostegia
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56:World War II
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139:Early years
110:Élie Lescot
106:Philippines
374:Categories
358:27 January
332:27 January
305:27 January
275:27 January
215:References
50:Background
98:to bring
62:and the
183:Decline
176:Jérémie
116:History
60:Malaya
209:Hevea
205:sisal
158:Hevea
44:Haiti
36:SHADA
360:2021
334:2021
307:2021
277:2021
207:and
78:and
42:and
30:The
299:VII
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