829:
809:
1253:
directive provides for worker involvement in the SE if a minimum percentage of employees from the entities coming together to form the SE enjoyed worker involvement provisions. The directive permits member states to not implement these default worker involvement provisions in their national law, but then an SE cannot be created in that member state if the provisions in the directive would apply and negotiations between workers and management are unsuccessful.
1713:
818:
1119:. No person may be a member of both the management board and the supervisory board of the same company at the same time. But the supervisory board may appoint one of its members to exercise the functions of a member of the management board in the event of absence through holidays. During such a period the function of the person concerned as a member of the supervisory board shall be suspended. Under the single-tier system, the SE is managed by an
2193:
1513:
2562:
1305:
effective than the harmonization approach: while states are not as concerned about having foreign traditions of corporate governance imposed on their companies, which the harmonization approach could well entail; they also wish to ensure that the EU-wide system would be palatable to the traditions of their national companies, so that they will not be put at a disadvantage compared to the other member states.
2413:
1893:
2534:
1348:
1282:
December 2000. The compromise adopted by the heads of state or governments allowed a member state not to apply the directive to SEs formed from a merger, in which case the SE could not be registered in the member state in question unless an agreement had been concluded between the management and employees, or that no SE employee had the right of participation before the formation of the SE.
746:
2313:
2253:
2493:
2473:
2393:
2333:
2293:
2273:
2233:
2213:
2173:
2153:
2133:
2113:
2093:
2073:
2053:
2033:
2013:
1993:
1953:
1933:
1913:
1873:
1833:
1793:
1773:
1733:
1673:
1653:
1633:
1593:
1573:
2453:
2433:
2373:
2353:
1973:
1853:
1813:
1753:
1693:
1533:
1613:
1553:
838:
2548:
1275:
management or administrative boards of the founder companies and the employees or their representatives in those companies, the level of information and consultation being the same as in the case of the second model. The general meeting may not approve the formation of an SE unless one of the models of participation defined in the directive has been chosen.
53:
1308:
The
European Company Statute represents a step in this direction, albeit a limited one. While it establishes some common EU rules on the SE, these rules are incomplete, and the holes in the rules are to be filled in using the law of the member state in which the SE is registered. This has been due to
1304:
The other approach is to construct a whole new system of EU company law, that co-exists with the individual company laws of the member states. Companies would have the choice of operating either under national regulations or under the EU-wide system. However, this approach has been only somewhat more
1300:
Two approaches have been attempted to solve the problems cited above. One approach is to harmonize the company law of the member states. This approach has had some successes, but after thirty years only limited progress has been made. It is difficult to harmonize widely different regulatory systems,
1274:
Several models of participation are possible: firstly, a model in which the employees form part of the supervisory board or of the administrative board, as the case may be; secondly, a model in which the employees are represented by a separate body; and finally, other models to be agreed between the
1248:
These differing traditions of worker involvement have held back the adoption of the statute for over a decade. States without worker involvement provisions were afraid that the SE might lead to having such provisions being imposed on their companies; and states with those provisions were afraid they
1244:
EU member states differ in the degree of worker involvement in corporate management. In
Germany, most large corporations are required to allow employees to elect a certain percentage of seats on the supervisory board. Other member states have no such requirement, and furthermore in these states such
1067:
The SE must have a minimum subscribed capital of €120,000 as per article 4(2) of the directive, subject to the provision that where a member state requires a larger capital for companies exercising certain types of activities, the same requirement will also apply to an SE with its registered office
1081:
without dissolving the company in one member state in order to form a new one in another member state; however, such a transfer is subject to the provisions of 8 which require, inter alia, the drawing up of a transfer proposal, a report justifying the legal and economic aspects of the transfer and
1252:
A compromise, contained in the directive, was worked out as follows: worker involvement provisions in the SE will be decided upon by negotiations between employees and management before the creation of the SE. If agreement cannot be reached, provisions contained in the directive will apply. The
1188:
Winding-up, liquidation, insolvency, and suspension of payments are in large measure to be governed by national law. When an SE transfers its registered office outside the
Community, or in any other manner no longer complies with requirements of article 7, the member state must take appropriate
1291:
Employment contracts and pensions are not covered by the directive. With regard to occupational pension schemes, the SE is covered by the provisions laid down in the proposal for a directive on institutions for occupational schemes, presented by the
Commission in October 2000, in particular in
1281:
With regard to a
European company formed through a merger, the standard principles relating to worker participation will apply where at least 25% of the employees had the right to participate in decisions before the merger. Here a political agreement proved impossible until the Nice summit in
1179:
In tax matters, the SE is treated the same as any other multinational, i.e., it is subject to the tax regime of the national legislation applicable to the company and its subsidiaries. SEs are subject to taxes and charges in all member states where their administrative centres are situated.
1098:
The registration and completion of the liquidation of an SE must be disclosed for information purposes in the
Official Journal of the European Communities. Every SE must be registered in the state where it has its registered office, in a register designated by the law of that state.
1123:. The member or members of the administrative board have the power to represent the company in dealings with third parties and in legal proceedings. Under the single-tier system the administrative board may delegate the power of management to one or more of its members.
1170:
The SE must draw up annual accounts comprising the balance sheet, the profit and loss account, and the notes to the accounts, and an annual report giving a fair view of the company's business and of its position; consolidated accounts may also be required.
2870:
Catherine
Cathiard and David Zeitoun, group legal director, Unibail-Rodamco, "The European Company : advantages and opportunities", DECIDEURS Stratégie Finance Droit n° 108, sept. 2009 (available in French and English, see External links
1054:
with their registered offices in different member states or having subsidiaries or branches in member states other than that of their registered office. Formation of a joint subsidiary is available under the same circumstances to any
2874:
Catherine
Cathiard and Frédéric Lemos, managing director of Foncière LFPI, "First cross-border transfers of seat of European Companies in France : the experience of Foncière LFPI", JCP E n° 1, January 2009 (available in
2878:
Catherine
Cathiard and Patrick Thourot, co general manager of Scor, "La Société Européenne : bilan, perspectives et retour d’expérience", ACTES PRATIQUES & Ingénierie Sociétaire, n°102, nov-déc. 2008 (available in
2857:
Catherine
Cathiard and Arnaud Lecourt, "La Pratique du Droit Européen des Sociétés – Analyse comparative des structures et des fusions transfrontalières", , Paris, JOLY Editions, Pratique des Affaires, 2010(available in
1076:
The registered office of the SE designated in the statutes must be the place where it has its central administration, that is to say its true centre of operations. The SE may transfer its registered office within the
4503:
1261:
Definition of employee participation: it does not mean participation in day-to-day decisions, which are a matter for the management, but participation in the supervision and strategic development of the company.
4508:
2894:
3923:
1157:
the setting-up, acquisition, disposal or closing down of undertakings, businesses or parts of businesses where the purchase price or disposal proceeds account for more than the percentage of subscribed
4513:
3322:
4191:
791:
3918:
1111:
of shareholders and either a management board and a supervisory board (two-tier system) or an administrative board (single-tier system). Under the two-tier system the SE is managed by a
4396:
3431:
937:
1115:. The member or members of the management board have the power to represent the company in dealings with third parties and in legal proceedings. They are appointed and removed by the
4230:
4078:
3228:
1223:
replaced SE in its name. UK Societas retain many of the elements from the SE framework but importantly without the ability to transfer their registered office outside of the UK.
3908:
2987:
2982:
2977:
3759:
3583:
2850:
A. Arlt, C. Bervoets, K. Grechenig, S. Kalss, The Societas Europaea in Relation to the Public Corporation of Five Member States (France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Austria),
2676:
A. Arlt, C. Bervoets, K. Grechenig, S. Kalss, The Societas Europaea in Relation to the Public Corporation of Five Member States (France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Austria),
1082:
the issuing, by the competent authority in the member state in which the SE is registered, of a certificate attesting to the completion of the required acts and formalities.
2861:
Catherine Cathiard,"Societé Européenne (Societas Europaea)" (European Company),Lexis-Nexis, Jurisclasseur, Company Law, Forms, Brochures C-5 and C-6 (available in French).
1033:
By creation of a European limited company as a parent company in a holding structure of joint stock companies and limited liability companies from different member states
4130:
4089:
4043:
1136:
the conclusion of supply and performance contracts where the total turnover provided for therein is more than the percentage of turnover for the previous financial year
1241:(informally "Council Directive on Employee Participation"), adopted 8 October 2001. The directive establishes rules on worker involvement in the management of the SE.
602:
3426:
2932:
560:
784:
2992:
3488:
1278:
The employees' representatives must be provided with such financial and material resources and other facilities as enable them to perform their duties properly.
318:
3872:
3341:
3180:
3175:
3170:
1317:
As of 11 April 2018, 3,015 registrations have been made. In terms of registrations, the Czech Republic is vastly overrepresented, accounting for 79% of all
4391:
4007:
3404:
4201:
3913:
3887:
3786:
3284:
2864:
Catherine Cathiard, " Plea for an underestimated corporate form : the Societas Europaea (SE)", OPTION FINANCE, 17 janvier 2011(available in French).
2867:
Catherine Cathiard," The Societas Europaea : positive assessment from the practice", JOURNAL DES SOCIETES, n°83, janv. 2011 (available in French).
2610:
1001:
National law continues to supplement the basic rules in the Regulation on formation and mergers. The European Company Regulation is complemented by an
4523:
3483:
3377:
777:
4588:
4240:
4162:
2997:
515:
4412:
4267:
4181:
1271:
If the two parties do not reach a satisfactory arrangement, a set of standard principles set out in the annex to the directive becomes applicable.
724:
2792:
4059:
3791:
3704:
3548:
3513:
3382:
3314:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3139:
2972:
2664:
1455:
4593:
4485:
4456:
4341:
4235:
4038:
3387:
3309:
3279:
3130:
2701:
1200:
Council Directive 2001/86/EC of 8 October 2001 supplementing the Statute for a European company with regard to the involvement of employees.
419:
228:
4381:
4336:
4250:
3798:
3478:
3392:
3372:
3289:
3049:
407:
351:
310:
4583:
4493:
4451:
4196:
3896:
3769:
3665:
2967:
2925:
2580:
289:
4361:
4101:
4096:
3833:
3350:
3304:
3274:
3215:
3107:
3014:
2959:
941:
77:
4573:
4498:
4386:
4113:
4064:
3813:
3727:
3699:
3461:
3157:
3054:
356:
2756:
4106:
3862:
3803:
3722:
3609:
3553:
3397:
3085:
1301:
especially when they reflect different national attitudes to issues such as worker involvement in the management of the company.
433:
334:
4446:
4351:
4331:
4069:
3294:
3269:
3257:
4461:
4376:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4255:
4245:
4223:
4123:
3937:
3828:
3823:
3764:
3681:
3523:
2918:
1232:
1161:
the percentage referred to above is to be determined by the statutes of the SE. It may not be less than 5% nor more than 25%.
1126:
The following operations require the authorization of the supervisory board or the deliberation of the administrative board:
1002:
828:
4538:
4471:
4441:
4304:
4277:
4118:
3845:
3779:
3732:
3632:
3421:
3414:
2950:
2575:
902:
259:
193:
947:
As of April 2018, more than 3,000 registrations have been reported, including the following nine components (18%) of the
4299:
4186:
4145:
3857:
3637:
3122:
2045:
1010:
443:
4466:
4371:
4218:
4150:
3808:
3112:
3067:
1292:
connection with the possibility of introducing a single pension scheme for all their employees in the European Union.
717:
630:
107:
4176:
4012:
3774:
3578:
2165:
1203:
See also: Europa's collection of press releases, regulations, directives and FAQs on the European Company Statute.
808:
326:
102:
87:
4431:
4053:
3867:
3570:
3518:
3327:
3233:
3165:
2632:
2585:
2445:
1605:
1051:
995:
675:
610:
399:
269:
97:
2738:
2717:
4084:
3622:
3617:
3409:
3022:
2590:
1047:
890:
570:
437:
112:
72:
1239:
Council Directive supplementing the Statute for a European Company with regard to the involvement of employees
2889:
4547:
4326:
4213:
2693:
The European Company - All Over Europe: A State-By-State Account of the Introduction of the European Company
279:
200:
4436:
4282:
4171:
4140:
4074:
4017:
3448:
3027:
1120:
1108:
1078:
929:
710:
592:
366:
239:
153:
118:
82:
36:
4552:
4157:
3977:
3543:
3099:
2539:
2345:
1131:
535:
67:
2829:
2145:
1469:
does however maintain a database of current and planned registrations. Examples of companies include:
1112:
4578:
4356:
4022:
3962:
3952:
3818:
3754:
3642:
3185:
3037:
2265:
1745:
855:
660:
597:
1360:
1336:. On 8 October 2004, Dutch company MPIT Structured Financial Services is Europe's first SE company.
758:
4518:
4346:
4287:
4206:
3997:
3982:
3493:
3473:
3367:
3238:
2085:
1825:
1197:
Council Regulation (EC) No 2157/2001 of 8 October 2001 on the Statute for a European company (SE).
1036:
By the creation of a joint venture between companies (or other entities) in different member states
975:
635:
389:
361:
215:
188:
183:
173:
2774:
2611:"Total number of registered European Companies (SEs) by year of establishment (2004 – 12.03.2018)"
4366:
3967:
3746:
3660:
3072:
1479:
1325:
1143:
1006:
991:
951:
555:
475:
448:
128:
123:
92:
3299:
2697:
2305:
1765:
1725:
1685:
1189:
measures to ensure compliance or take necessary measures to ensure that the SE is liquidated.
1116:
847:
615:
485:
373:
210:
205:
4294:
3972:
3456:
3223:
2553:
1585:
1050:
from different member states. Formation of an SE holding company is available to public and
693:
680:
625:
525:
2775:"The European Public Limited-Liability Company (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018"
4002:
2065:
665:
620:
343:
168:
2760:
3987:
2941:
2485:
1718:
1056:
933:
925:
908:
896:
817:
4567:
4048:
2425:
2225:
1885:
1705:
1476:
1322:
948:
545:
427:
394:
44:
3535:
1945:
1665:
1463:, as they are registered in the nation in which their corporate seats are located.
1245:
practices are largely unknown and considered a threat to the rights of management.
505:
495:
1356:
754:
2691:
3466:
3359:
2561:
2515:
2285:
2198:
2005:
1905:
1518:
863:
641:
178:
163:
158:
17:
3957:
3558:
2830:"Facts & Figures / European Company (SE) / Home - WORKER PARTICIPATION.eu"
2651:
2567:
2529:
2465:
2405:
2245:
2125:
2105:
1625:
1565:
1147:
940:. Such a company may more easily transfer to or merge with companies in other
867:
698:
464:
414:
4425:
3505:
3436:
2185:
2025:
1805:
1545:
1505:
2793:"SEs in Europe: Established, in preparation, announced interest and failed"
2652:"EURO STOXX 50 Index Today - EURO STOXX 50 Live Ticker - QUOTE & CHART"
1339:
Annual registrations by member state are presented in the following chart:
2910:
4135:
3992:
3877:
2385:
2205:
1483:
1329:
955:
670:
1215:, any SE registered in the United Kingdom converted to a United Kingdom
1005:
which manages the rules for participation by employees on the company's
837:
3901:
2810:
2498:
2478:
2418:
2398:
2365:
2338:
2298:
2278:
2238:
2218:
2178:
2158:
2138:
2118:
2098:
2078:
2058:
2038:
2018:
1998:
1958:
1938:
1918:
1898:
1878:
1845:
1838:
1798:
1785:
1778:
1738:
1678:
1658:
1645:
1638:
1598:
1578:
1525:
1309:
the difficulties of agreeing on common European rules on these issues.
1130:
any investment project requiring an amount more than the percentage of
1090:
The order of precedence of the laws applicable to the SE is clarified.
963:
148:
27:
Public company registered under the corporate law of the European Union
2901:
1465:
1355:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
1026:
The statute provides five ways of forming a European limited company:
753:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
3243:
2458:
2438:
2378:
2358:
2325:
2318:
2258:
1985:
1978:
1925:
1858:
1818:
1758:
1698:
1538:
1212:
987:
959:
859:
1154:
value in each case is more than the percentage of subscribed capital
2851:
2677:
52:
2852:
European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR) 2002, pp. 733–764
2678:
European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR) 2002, pp. 733–764
1618:
1558:
1151:
3882:
1965:
1140:
983:
979:
971:
967:
851:
2914:
1865:
1341:
739:
311:
Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales)
1107:
The statutes of the SE must provide as governing bodies the
1030:
By merger of national companies from different member states
1377:
with more than five employees have been registered (2014)
4060:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
1039:
By the creation of an SE subsidiary of a national company
938:
Council Regulation on the Statute for a European Company
3050:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
2757:"EU directives and other official acts on company law"
1146:
and the assumption of liabilities of a third party or
1321:
as of December 2015. 9 of the 50 constituents of the
3108:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
4484:
4411:
4266:
4031:
3945:
3936:
3844:
3745:
3713:
3690:
3674:
3651:
3598:
3569:
3534:
3504:
3447:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3256:
3214:
3156:
3140:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
3121:
3098:
3055:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
3036:
3013:
3006:
2958:
2949:
1249:might lead to those provisions being circumvented.
3131:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
1042:By the conversion of a national company into an SE
2906:maintained by the European Trade Union Institute
2690:Krzysztof Oplustil; Christoph Teichmann (2004).
1213:the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union
870:(Porsche headquarters) are among the best-known
4504:Largest cities by population within city limits
2613:. European Trade Union Institute. 21 March 2014
1139:the raising or granting of loans, the issue of
1459:. There is no official union-wide register of
319:Scottish charitable incorporated organisation
3113:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
3068:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
2926:
785:
718:
8:
3086:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
2733:
2731:
1193:Status of the legislation and implementation
913:
912:; "European society" or "company"; plural:
882:
4417:
3942:
3850:
3787:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
3355:
3346:
3262:
3042:
3010:
2955:
2933:
2919:
2911:
2514:Headquartered in the U.S. insular area of
1488:
958:companies (excluding the SE designation):
792:
778:
725:
711:
235:
31:
1046:Formation by merger is available only to
4241:European Structural and Investment Funds
4163:European System of Financial Supervision
3028:Western European Union (1954–2011)
2602:
2518:, but wholly owned by a Spanish company
2507:
456:
381:
300:
238:
43:
3705:European Economic and Social Committee
3514:Court of Justice of the European Union
3038:European Communities (1967–2009)
2890:Information by the European Commission
1456:Official Journal of the European Union
1237:The regulation is complemented by the
420:Limited liability limited partnership
335:Industrial and provident society
4342:Stabilisation and Association Process
4039:Area of freedom, security and justice
2739:"EUR-Lex - 32001L0086 - EN - EUR-Lex"
2718:"EUR-Lex - 32001R2157 - EN - EUR-Lex"
1068:in that member state (article 4(3)).
907:
895:
517:Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
7:
4337:European Union Association Agreement
3073:European Community (1993–2009)
3666:European Data Protection Supervisor
2968:Ideas of European unity before 1948
2581:European economic interest grouping
1966:LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE
1431: Food, hotel and catering (4%)
1059:governed by public or private law.
1009:. There is also a statute allowing
852:LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE
4362:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
4102:Common Security and Defence Policy
4097:Common Foreign and Security Policy
1332:companies are as of December 2015
1150:for a third party where the total
936:(EU), introduced in 2004 with the
928:registered in accordance with the
897:[sɔˈkɪ.ɛtaːseu̯roːˈpae̯.a]
25:
4131:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
3728:European Union Military Committee
3700:European Committee of the Regions
1413: Information technology (7%)
1287:Employment contracts and pensions
4107:Permanent Structured Cooperation
3723:Political and Security Committee
3610:European Atomic Energy Community
2560:
2546:
2532:
2491:
2471:
2451:
2431:
2411:
2391:
2371:
2351:
2331:
2311:
2291:
2271:
2251:
2231:
2211:
2191:
2171:
2151:
2131:
2111:
2091:
2071:
2051:
2031:
2011:
1991:
1971:
1951:
1931:
1911:
1891:
1871:
1851:
1831:
1811:
1791:
1771:
1751:
1731:
1711:
1691:
1671:
1651:
1631:
1611:
1591:
1571:
1551:
1531:
1511:
1425: Construction industry (5%)
1346:
980:LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton
836:
827:
816:
807:
744:
562:Société à responsabilité limitée
51:
4589:Companies of the European Union
4509:National parties by affiliation
4352:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
4332:Economic Partnership Agreements
3023:Western Union (1948–1954)
2665:Societas Europaea registrations
909:[soˈtʃi.etaseu̯roˈpe.a]
4514:Presidents of the institutions
4310:European Higher Education Area
3888:International status and usage
3682:Agencies of the European Union
3415:European political foundations
2811:"ecdb.worker-participation.eu"
1383: Financial services (21%)
1233:Employee Involvement Directive
1011:European Cooperative Societies
1003:Employee Involvement Directive
1:
4305:European Common Aviation Area
3760:Charter of Fundamental Rights
3733:European Union Military Staff
3633:European University Institute
3422:Council of the European Union
2576:Societas cooperativa Europaea
1389: Services commerce (18%)
4594:European Union corporate law
4300:European Political Community
4146:European Banking Supervision
3638:European Stability Mechanism
2815:ecdb.worker-participation.eu
2446:Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield SE
2046:Porsche Automobil Holding SE
1094:Registration and liquidation
444:Massachusetts business trust
4372:Union for the Mediterranean
4151:Single Resolution Mechanism
4090:Vehicle registration plates
4044:Migration and asylum policy
4023:Potential superpower status
2834:www.worker-participation.eu
2779:www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk
1453:are to be published in the
631:Piercing the corporate veil
327:Community interest company
302:UK / Ireland / Commonwealth
290:Economic interest grouping
4610:
4584:2001 in the European Union
4315:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
4013:Differentiated integration
3579:European Court of Auditors
3410:European political parties
2895:Frequently asked questions
2633:"L_2001294EN.01000101.xml"
2166:ADVA Optical Networking SE
1230:
400:Limited liability company
4532:
4432:House of European History
4420:
4054:European Judicial Network
3924:Health expense per person
3853:
3571:Supreme audit institution
3265:
3081:
3063:
3045:
2586:Societas privata Europaea
1606:Autopistas de Puerto Rico
1407: Other services (9%)
1052:private limited companies
996:Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield
846:Clockwise from top left:
769:The number of registered
611:Internal affairs doctrine
606:and estoppel corporations
4574:Types of business entity
3623:European Investment Fund
3618:European Investment Bank
2797:www.seeurope-network.org
2591:Types of business entity
1475: Components of the
1048:public limited companies
35:This article is part of
4327:European Peace Facility
3554:System of Central Banks
1466:worker-participation.eu
281:Societas unius personae
143:General corporate forms
4437:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
4283:European Economic Area
4141:European banking union
4018:Privileged partnership
3873:Government procurement
1227:Employee participation
1109:annual general meeting
1079:European Economic Area
914:
883:
593:Business judgment rule
4382:Free trade agreements
4224:Health Insurance Card
4158:Capital Markets Union
4008:Democratic legitimacy
3978:Optimum currency area
3799:Legislative procedure
3544:European Central Bank
2696:. Walter de Gruyter.
2540:European Union portal
2346:Schneider Electric SE
1449:Registrations of new
537:Naamloze vennootschap
527:Kabushiki gaisha
344:Limited company
4494:Books on the subject
4357:EU Gateway Programme
4320:EU/ESA Space Council
4278:Neighbourhood Policy
4236:Regional development
4202:Environmental policy
4192:Educational policies
4119:Neighbourhood Policy
3963:Intergovernmentalism
3953:European integration
3868:Community preference
3819:Enhanced cooperation
3804:Citizens' Initiative
3643:Unified Patent Court
3494:Directorates-General
3285:Environmental issues
2667:seeurope-network.org
2650:GmbH, finanzen.net.
2266:ProSiebenSat.1 Media
1443: Transport (2%)
1401: Chemical (11%)
1334:Societates Europaeae
1319:Societates Europaeae
1121:administrative board
982:(and its subsidiary
916:societates Europaeae
903:Ecclesiastical Latin
771:societates Europaeae
661:Beneficial ownership
598:Corporate governance
434:Delaware corporation
261:Societas cooperativa
4519:Terrorist incidents
4347:Eastern Partnership
4288:EEA Joint Committee
4207:European Green Deal
4177:Agricultural policy
3983:Supranational union
3474:European Commission
3432:General Secretariat
3368:European Parliament
3323:Special territories
3123:Financial stability
2763:on 25 October 2012.
1491:
676:Corporate registers
636:Rochdale Principles
390:Benefit corporation
216:Sole proprietorship
4367:Northern Dimension
4114:Enlargement Policy
4056:(criminal matters)
3968:Multi-speed Europe
3661:European Ombudsman
3317:(first-level NUTS)
3300:Larger urban zones
1500:company is seated
1498:State in which the
1489:
1480:stock market index
1437: Unknown (3%)
1326:stock market index
1132:subscribed capital
1007:board of directors
992:Schneider Electric
952:stock market index
856:Moët & Chandon
477:Aktiengesellschaft
449:Nevada corporation
4561:
4560:
4480:
4479:
4467:Telephone numbers
4407:
4406:
4182:Cultural policies
3932:
3931:
3919:Unemployment rate
3741:
3740:
3601:international-law
3594:
3593:
3584:Secretary-General
3336:
3335:
3295:Geographic centre
3252:
3251:
3152:
3151:
3094:
3093:
2745:. 8 October 2001.
2743:eur-lex.europa.eu
2722:eur-lex.europa.eu
2703:978-3-89949-096-1
2637:eur-lex.europa.eu
2504:
2503:
2306:Songa Offshore SE
2146:HAWE Hydraulik SE
1746:Dassault Systèmes
1726:Conrad Electronic
1686:Christian Dior SE
1490:Notable examples
1395: Metal (15%)
1373:Sectors in which
1368:
1367:
1117:supervisory board
1072:Registered office
884:societas Europaea
848:Christian Dior SE
766:
765:
735:
734:
616:Limited liability
578:
577:
487:Ansvarlig selskap
374:Unlimited company
211:Shelf corporation
206:Shell corporation
194:Limited liability
16:(Redirected from
4601:
4541:
4418:
4295:Energy Community
4214:Fisheries policy
3973:Neofunctionalism
3943:
3851:
3793:Official Journal
3780:Citizens' Rights
3519:Court of Justice
3457:European Council
3405:Political groups
3356:
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2426:TotalEnergies SE
2417:
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2086:Hannover Rück SE
2077:
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2017:
2015:
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1997:
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1419: Other (5%)
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1113:management board
919:
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681:Registered agent
626:Drag-along right
566:
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271:Societas privata
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236:
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18:Societas Europea
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4457:Public holidays
4403:
4377:Global Strategy
4269:
4262:
4231:Labour mobility
4124:Global Strategy
4085:Driving licence
4027:
4003:Pro-Europeanism
3928:
3840:
3765:Competition law
3737:
3715:
3709:
3692:
3686:
3670:
3653:
3647:
3602:
3600:
3590:
3565:
3530:
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3484:Vice-Presidents
3443:
3378:Vice-Presidents
3332:
3316:
3310:Protected areas
3280:External border
3248:
3210:
3148:
3117:
3090:
3077:
3059:
3032:
3002:
2993:1993–2004
2988:1973–1993
2983:1958–1972
2978:1948–1957
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2092:
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2066:Rocket Internet
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2012:
2010:
1992:
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1235:
1229:
1209:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1166:Annual accounts
1105:
1096:
1088:
1086:Laws applicable
1074:
1065:
1063:Minimum capital
1024:
1019:
1017:Main provisions
901:
891:Classical Latin
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656:
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621:Tag-along right
588:
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438:statutory trust
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301:
291:
283:
273:
263:
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231:by jurisdiction
230:
229:Corporate forms
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201:Private limited
169:Holding company
144:
136:
135:
117:
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62:By jurisdiction
28:
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5:
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4415:
4409:
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4392:Current agenda
4384:
4379:
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4369:
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4359:
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4290:
4280:
4274:
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4251:Sport policies
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4020:
4015:
4010:
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4000:
3998:Federalisation
3995:
3990:
3988:Euroscepticism
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
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3290:Extreme points
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3015:Defence policy
3008:
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2990:
2985:
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2942:European Union
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2884:External links
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2486:Ziehl-Abegg SE
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