38:
205:
355:
114:
456:
272:
351:
support welding and prefabrication. The shipyard received financial support from the state, which became its largest creditor. On 15 October 1949 the AP2 workshop was opened, nicknamed "The
Cathedral" for its size: 75 by 24 metres (246 by 79 ft) with a height of 30 metres (98 ft). The AP2 contained two 30-ton cranes to handle prefabricated welded hull components.
121:
425:
216:
state ceded the public land within the fortifications of
Dunkirk to the east of the channel, and undertook levelling of the site and excavation of a launching basin. The work proceeded smoothly. Six slipways were built on a site of 11 hectares (27 acres) to the east of the city. The new facility was the first in France to power its machinery with electricity.
215:
The
Ateliers et Chantiers de France (ACF) company was officially founded on 6 July 1898 by a consortium of six shipping brokers, the Dunkirk chamber of commerce and the state. The state asked that the shipyard be able to build steamships and also four-masted barques and clippers with metal hulls. The
432:
In
September 1977 as part of a government rescue package the shipyard merged with the Société métallurgique et navale (SMN) to become the shipping branch of the Société métallurgique et navale Dunkerque-Normandie (SMNDN), a subsidiary of the Empain-Schneider group. That year it was forced to lay off
350:
The ACF was rebuilt in 1947. The shipyard could accommodate ships of 210 metres (690 ft) length and 4,000 tonnes deadweight. The shipyard experienced a boom for the next thirty years. During this period the original quay was rebuilt and a second quay added. The workshops were modernized to
254:
The ACF was less active during World War I since over 60% of the workers had been mobilized in the armed forces. The shipyard concentrated on repair and renovation of warships and manufacture of weapons and ammunition. In 1914 the Forges at
Chantiers de France fitted armor on three cars at the
284:
The 1920s were a difficult period, with only a slight improvement in the 1930s. In 1924 the shipyard joined forces with the Société des Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée and the Société des
Ateliers et Chantiers de St Nazaire to submit a joint bid to build submarines for Poland. They
412:, was launched on 2 June 1966. At the end of 1967 Schneider split up the ACDB. In 1972 the yard became Chantiers de France-Dunkerque. In 1974–81 the shipyard employed 3,000 workers and staff to design and build seven 130,000 cubic metres (4,600,000 cu ft)
184:(1939–45). In the first thirty years after the war the shipyard again experienced a boom and employed up to 3,000 workers making oil tankers, and then liquid natural gas tankers. Demand dropped off in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972 the shipyard became
285:
submitted a low bid, but due to lack of experience were not selected. The ACF struggled against competition from other yards in France and abroad, and was affected by the depressed economy of the 1930s. It was able to obtain orders from the
446:
The Fonds régionaux d’art contemporain (Frac) Nord-Pas de Calais, a center for international contemporary art, is located in a new building erected beside the AP2, which still stands as a monument to the shipbuilding era.
396:
On 30 November 1960 the yard became part of the
Ateliers et Chantiers de Dunkerque-Bordeaux (ACDB). Almost all the investment by Schneider and the state went into the Dunkirk operation rather than Bordeaux.
437:. In 1983 the shipyard merged with La Ciotat and La Seyne-sur-Mer to form Normed. In 1986 1,500 employees were put on leave, and "early retirement" was set at three years. On 15 April 1987 the train ferry
323:, launched in 1937, was the largest tanker in the world in its day. The motor tanker of 14,115 tons, built for the Compagne Navale des Petroles, was sunk on 12 October 1939 by gunfire from
389:. It moved into construction of large oil tankers, as well as bulk carriers of ore and other products. Tankers of 34,000 tonnes were built for an American oil company. In 1960 the
263:, was thus the first Rolls-Royce armored car. The armor was 6mm boiler plate, so could only protect against a rifle bullet from a distance of 600 yards (550 m) or more.
1034:
234:, launched on 22 March 1902. This was a four-master with a riveted hull intended for the Atlantic trade. By this time the shipyard had 800–900 workers, including some from
1077:
930:
113:
443:
was launched. It finally left the shipyard on 15 January 1988. The remaining assets were sold at auction, and by 1989 all the cranes had been removed.
1092:
286:
242:(1914–18) building trawlers, cargo chips and cruise boats. The workforce rose to almost 1,900. The first of ten passenger liners was the luxurious
238:
and some from across the border in
Belgium. Apprentices were recruited for training at the age of 12. The shipyard was busy in the period before
1018:
956:
914:
888:
862:
1082:
514:
136:
478:
386:
297:
129:
43:
37:
393:
took a major stake in the enterprise, and in following years rationalized production in
Dunkirk with operations at other sites.
488:
302:
275:
1087:
324:
854:
Big
Business : The European Experience in the Twentieth Century: The European Experience in the Twentieth Century
469:
291:
342:(1939–45) the shipyard was destroyed in 1940, rebuilt during the German occupation of France, then destroyed again.
971:
433:
workers due to the petrol crisis. Activity declined further in the 1980s, although two car ferries were built for
505:
315:
256:
204:
354:
603:
496:
460:
439:
405:
309:
585:
17:
260:
993:
L'épreuve de la modernité. Histoire des Ateliers et Chantiers de France, à Dunkerque(1945-1973)
455:
271:
1014:
1010:
Britain, France, and the Naval Arms Trade in the Baltic, 1919-1939: Grand Strategy and Failure
952:
946:
910:
884:
878:
858:
852:
576:
558:
381:
371:
359:
289:
and from the Dreyfus arms manufacturer. Naval orders were important, including the destroyers
1008:
904:
225:
594:
390:
523:
230:
369:
The ACF employed about 3,000 people in 1950. In 1948–52 the shipyard built the liners
172:(ACF, Workshops and Shipyards of France) was a major shipyard that was established in
1071:
235:
224:
The ACF was highly successful in its first few years. One of the first directors was
1052:
339:
181:
567:
535:
413:
239:
177:
434:
180:(1914–18), but struggled in the inter-war period. It was badly damaged during
991:
151:
138:
400:
The shipyard started making specialized vessels including "ship garages" or
833:
424:
544:
173:
79:
50:
751:
749:
747:
550:. In service, 28 November 1915; torpedoed and sunk, 17 February 1917
454:
423:
353:
270:
203:
211:, a four-masted steel barque built in 1902 by Chantiers de France
880:
Steel, State, and Labor: Mobilization and Adjustment in France
582:. Launched, 31 October 1951; destroyed by fire, 23 March 1994
815:
176:, France, in 1898. The shipyard boomed in the period before
573:. Launched, 14 October 1951; destroyed by fire, 12 May 1974
493:. Launched, 16 April 1934; decommissioned, 6 December 1954
188:, and in 1983 merged with others yards to become part of
755:
527:. Launched, 23 March 1902; wrecked on 30 September 1904
120:
541:. Completed, 1918; torpedoed and sunk, 22 October 1942
428:
FRAC building under construction beside the AP2 (left)
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
94:
86:
66:
58:
791:
779:
767:
996:(Thesis) (in French), École nationale des chartes
259:squadron in Dunkirk. One of these, a 50 hp
1035:"Grandeur et décadence des Chantiers de France"
931:"Le FRAC au Grand Large, mémoire pour le futur"
408:(LNG) carriers. The last passenger liner, the
945:Perpillou, Aimé; Fernandez, Alexandre (2007),
564:. Launched, 28 June 1949; out of service, 1971
8:
933:(in French). Communauté urbaine de Dunkerque
475:. Launched, 5 August 1925; sunk, 30 May 1940
30:
484:. Launched, 1 April 1927; sunk, 25 May 1940
365:(launched 1951) in service as Pallas Athena
738:
36:
29:
948:Les constructions navales dans l'histoire
319:as well as minesweepers and tankers. The
714:
690:
642:
618:
190:Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee
726:
702:
669:
951:(in French), Presses Paris Sorbonne,
803:
7:
1078:French companies established in 1898
18:Societe des Ateliers & Chantiers
387:Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes
1053:"What is Frac Nord-Pas de Calais?"
287:Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
27:Former shipyard in Dunkirk, France
25:
834:"MV Emile Miguet [+1939]"
1093:1987 disestablishments in France
883:, University of Pittsburgh Pre,
816:What is Frac Nord-Pas de Calais?
246:, launched on 10 February 1914.
119:
112:
1033:Tartart, Olivier (2008-08-16),
857:, Oxford University Press, UK,
196:. The shipyard closed in 1987.
170:Ateliers et Chantiers de France
31:Ateliers et Chantiers de France
972:"Référence Mérimée IA00123272"
903:Fletcher, David (2012-04-20),
851:Cassis, Youssef (1997-06-26),
792:Perpillou & Fernandez 2007
780:Perpillou & Fernandez 2007
768:Perpillou & Fernandez 2007
1:
877:Daley, Anthony (1996-02-15),
502:. Scuttled, 27 November, 1942
186:Chantiers de France-Dunkerque
906:The Rolls-Royce Armoured Car
756:Référence Mérimée IA00123272
511:. Scuttled, 27 November 1942
1083:Military history of Dunkirk
1109:
1055:. Frac Nord-Pas de Calais?
1007:Stoker, Donald J. (2003),
518:-class vehicle cargo ships
267:Inter-war period (1918–39)
832:Allen Tony (2007-02-26).
404:, refrigerated ships and
228:. The first ship was the
35:
990:Richard, Damien (2006),
929:Oddone, Patrick (2015).
346:Post-war boom (1945–77)
257:Royal Naval Air Service
465:
429:
366:
334:World War II (1939–45)
281:
212:
152:51.047762°N 2.375219°E
70:July 6, 1898
44:French destroyer
909:, Osprey Publishing,
458:
427:
406:liquefied natural gas
357:
274:
250:World War I (1914–18)
207:
1013:, Psychology Press,
420:Last years (1977–88)
200:Foundation (1898–99)
130:class=notpageimage|
1088:Shipyards of France
220:Pre-war (1899–1914)
157:51.047762; 2.375219
148: /
133:Location in France
32:
606:Nord Pas-de-Calais
600:- Launched in 1983
466:
461:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
440:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
430:
367:
282:
213:
1020:978-0-7146-5319-8
958:978-2-84050-509-9
916:978-1-78096-402-7
890:978-0-8229-7485-7
864:978-0-19-152179-9
588:Pride of Telemark
325:German submarine
108:
107:
49:sliding down the
16:(Redirected from
1100:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1003:
1002:
1001:
986:
984:
983:
967:
966:
965:
941:
939:
938:
925:
924:
923:
899:
898:
897:
873:
872:
871:
847:
845:
844:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
673:
667:
646:
640:
609:. Launched, 1987
591:. Launched, 1983
280:launched in 1934
226:Florent Guillain
163:
162:
160:
159:
158:
153:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
123:
122:
116:
77:
75:
53:on 29 March 1931
40:
33:
21:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1039:La Voix du Nord
1032:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1006:
999:
997:
989:
981:
979:
970:
963:
961:
959:
944:
936:
934:
928:
921:
919:
917:
902:
895:
893:
891:
876:
869:
867:
865:
850:
842:
840:
831:
827:
822:
814:
810:
802:
798:
790:
786:
778:
774:
766:
762:
754:
745:
739:Allen Tony 2007
737:
733:
725:
721:
713:
709:
701:
697:
689:
676:
668:
649:
641:
620:
616:
532:Jacques Cartier
464:, launched 1987
453:
422:
391:Schneider group
348:
336:
269:
252:
222:
202:
166:
165:
164:
156:
154:
150:
147:
142:
139:
137:
135:
134:
132:
126:
125:
124:
104:
100:
73:
71:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1049:
1030:
1019:
1004:
987:
968:
957:
942:
926:
915:
900:
889:
874:
863:
848:
828:
826:
823:
821:
820:
808:
806:, p. 126.
796:
794:, p. 218.
784:
782:, p. 217.
772:
770:, p. 191.
760:
743:
731:
719:
707:
705:, p. 207.
695:
674:
647:
617:
615:
612:
611:
610:
601:
592:
583:
574:
565:
561:Stella Solaris
557:, later named
551:
542:
534:, later named
528:
520:
512:
503:
494:
485:
476:
452:
449:
421:
418:
347:
344:
335:
332:
268:
265:
251:
248:
221:
218:
201:
198:
128:
127:
118:
117:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
98:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1105:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1005:
995:
994:
988:
977:
973:
969:
960:
954:
950:
949:
943:
932:
927:
918:
912:
908:
907:
901:
892:
886:
882:
881:
875:
866:
860:
856:
855:
849:
839:
835:
830:
829:
824:
817:
812:
809:
805:
800:
797:
793:
788:
785:
781:
776:
773:
769:
764:
761:
757:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
735:
732:
729:, p. 90.
728:
723:
720:
716:
715:Fletcher 2012
711:
708:
704:
699:
696:
692:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
619:
613:
608:
607:
602:
599:
598:
593:
590:
589:
584:
581:
580:
575:
572:
571:
566:
563:
562:
556:
552:
549:
548:
543:
540:
539:
533:
529:
526:
525:
521:
519:
517:
513:
510:
509:
504:
501:
500:
495:
492:
491:
490:Le Triomphant
486:
483:
482:
477:
474:
473:
468:
467:
463:
462:
457:
451:Notable ships
450:
448:
444:
442:
441:
436:
426:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:
364:
363:
356:
352:
345:
343:
341:
333:
331:
329:
328:
322:
318:
317:
312:
311:
306:
305:
304:Le Triomphant
300:
299:
294:
293:
288:
279:
278:
277:Le Triomphant
273:
266:
264:
262:
258:
255:request of a
249:
247:
245:
241:
237:
236:Saint-Nazaire
233:
232:
227:
219:
217:
210:
206:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
161:
131:
115:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
47:
39:
34:
19:
1057:. Retrieved
1043:, retrieved
1038:
1024:, retrieved
1009:
998:, retrieved
992:
980:. Retrieved
975:
962:, retrieved
947:
935:. Retrieved
920:, retrieved
905:
894:, retrieved
879:
868:, retrieved
853:
841:. Retrieved
837:
811:
799:
787:
775:
763:
734:
722:
717:, p. 4.
710:
698:
691:Richard 2006
643:Tartart 2008
605:
597:Stena Danica
596:
587:
578:
569:
560:
554:
546:
537:
531:
522:
515:
507:
498:
489:
480:
471:
459:
445:
438:
431:
414:LNG carriers
409:
401:
399:
395:
380:
376:
370:
368:
361:
349:
340:World War II
337:
326:
321:Émile-Miguet
320:
314:
308:
303:
296:
290:
283:
276:
253:
243:
229:
223:
214:
208:
193:
189:
185:
182:World War II
169:
167:
95:Headquarters
62:Shipbuilding
45:
1041:(in French)
978:(in French)
727:Stoker 2003
703:Cassis 1997
670:Oddone 2015
516:Cape Ducato
261:Rolls-Royce
240:World War I
231:Adolphe III
178:World War I
155: /
1072:Categories
1059:2015-12-12
1045:2015-12-11
1026:2015-12-12
1000:2015-12-11
982:2015-12-12
964:2015-12-12
937:2015-12-12
922:2015-12-12
896:2015-12-12
870:2015-12-06
843:2015-12-12
804:Daley 1996
506:Destroyer
497:Destroyer
487:Destroyer
479:Destroyer
472:Bourrasque
470:Destroyer
435:Stena Line
377:Calédonien
292:Bourrasque
209:Valparaiso
140:51°02′52″N
74:1898-07-06
838:Wrecksite
143:2°22′31″E
46:Vauquelin
570:Viet-Nam
555:Cambodge
538:Winnipeg
481:L'Adroit
402:rouliers
385:for the
382:Cambodge
82:, France
59:Industry
976:Mérimée
825:Sources
579:Flandre
524:Adolphe
410:Pasteur
372:Flandre
362:Flandre
358:Former
338:During
174:Dunkirk
99:Dunkirk
87:Defunct
80:Dunkirk
72: (
67:Founded
1017:
955:
913:
887:
861:
508:Vauban
316:Vauban
298:Adroit
194:Normed
103:France
614:Notes
547:Athos
192:, or
1015:ISBN
953:ISBN
911:ISBN
885:ISBN
859:ISBN
499:Lion
379:and
327:U-48
313:and
310:Lion
244:Asie
168:The
90:1987
51:ways
42:The
604:MS
595:MS
586:MS
577:SS
568:SS
559:SS
553:SS
545:SS
536:SS
530:SS
360:SS
78:in
1074::
1037:,
974:.
836:.
746:^
677:^
650:^
621:^
416:.
375:,
330:.
307:,
301:,
295:,
101:,
1062:.
985:.
940:.
846:.
818:.
758:.
741:.
693:.
672:.
645:.
76:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
