97:. He developed his own method which had considerable influence on the status of education in the presidency. His plan became the constitution of the central collegiate institution or University Board, which gained fruition in 1841. Accordingly, a high school department of the university was established. For imparting education in the interior regions, schools were raised in principal towns which eventually were elevated to college level, with each college becoming central to many Zilla schools (local schools). The language of instruction in these schools was English. The earliest English medium schools appeared in 1833 in Mysore and spread across the region. In 1858, the department of education was founded in Mysore and it is estimated that by 1881, there may have been 2087 English medium schools in the Mysore Kingdom. Higher education became available with the formation of Bangalore Central College (1870) and Maharajas college in Mysore (1879). The Maharanis college in Mysore (1901) and the St. Agnes college in Mangalore (1921) served women. The
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continued, though the battles between native rulers (including
Muslims) and the new foreigners, the British, took centre stage. Social reforms in the 19th century ushered in a more flexible society which granted people of lower castes access to schools, public office and courts. The spread of English education, the introduction of the printing press, and the criticism of the prevailing social system by Christian missionaries also had a positive influence. Literature became more secular, while the fine arts such as music, drama, dance and painting saw a renaissance. The rise of modern nationalism all over India had its impact on Mysore as well. This manifested itself in two ways - a longing to preserve all that was good in past tradition and an acceptance of western influence.
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124:(1894 and 1919). In 1894, the Mysore kingdom passed laws to abolish marriage of girls below the age of eight and in 1923 provided women the right to franchise. Re-marriage of widowed women and marriage of destitute women was encouraged by enlightened men and women of Mysore. There were uprisings against British authority in India and in the Mysore region. The first unsuccessful revolt, aided by the French, came in the
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The society in the
Kingdom followed age old and deeply established norms of social interaction between people in the centuries prior to the 18th century. In the 18th century, fundamental changes occurred due to the struggle between native and foreign powers. Wars between Hindu kingdoms and Sultanates
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in 1829. In october 1831, the
British took over the government of Mysore. They issued a proclamation severely warning the rebels against their continued operations. Then, while some insurgents surrendered and others carried on their defiant activities for some time more up to 1833.
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The era of printing heralded by the
Christian missionaries resulted in the first Kannada book publication in 1817, followed by a Kannada Bible in 1820, an English-Kannada dictionary in 1824, a Kannada-English dictionary in 1832 and the first Kannada newspaper called
177:). The Mysore Amba Vilas palace opened a press in 1840 followed by a government press in Bangalore (1842). Eighty six Kannada printing presses were operating by the end of 19th century. This popularised the publication of ancient Kannada classics such as
205:, the founding of a stage in Chandrasala Totti in the Mysore palace and a drama troupe in 1881. Classical English and Sanskrit plays influenced Kannada stage and produced famous dramatists such as Shirahatti Venkoba Rao and
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paintings and produced such well-known artists as
Sundarayya, Tanjavur Kondayya, Ala Singarayya, B.Venkatappa, the Raju brothers, Keshavayya and others. Female poets such as Cheluvambe (the queen of Krishnaraja Wodeyar I),
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in 1850. On the same lines as the
English language historicals published by British and Indian historians recording the achievements of Karnataka Empires, Alur Venkata Rao published a consolidated Kannada version called
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and emancipation of the lower classes swept across India and had their positive influence on Mysore territory as well. Welfare organisations that were founded in
Bangalore and Mangalore were the
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209:. The public began to enjoy Carnatic music through its broadcast on public address systems set up in the palace grounds. Mysore paintings were inspired by the
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157:, who tried to continue the fight, was captured about the same time in Kanara which had been annexed by the British. Then the
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system that had existed in India for centuries was abolished in 1909, though a unique form of temple dancing was lost.
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dynasty ruled the
Southern Karnataka region until Indian independence in 1947, when the kingdom was merged with the
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who was eventually killed. This event was followed by a revolt of a
Zamindar Virappa in
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uprising in 1835 (after the British dethroned the local ruler Chikkaviraraja) and the
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A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present
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Helavanakatte Giriyamma, Sri Rangamma (1685) and Sanchi Honnamma (author of
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founded in 1399 by Yaduraya in the region of the modern city of
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History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part III
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Chopra, Ravindran, Subrahmanian, P.N., T.K., N. (2003) .
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Musical Composers during Wodeyar Dynasty (1638-1947 A.D.)
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201:Modern Kannada stage was popularised by the
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295:Chopra et al. (2003), p196-197, p202
30:; 1399 - 1947 CE) was a kingdom in
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504:Historical Societies of Karnataka
460:. New Delhi: Chand publications.
447:Pranesh, Meera Rajaram (2003) .
198:rekindling Kannada nationalism.
120:society (1886 and 1901) and the
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189:by Lakshmisa in 1848 and the
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277:Chopra et al. (2003), p186
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153:of the family of the old
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196:Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava
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286:Kamath (2003), p278-279
173:in 1843 (later renamed
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101:was founded in 1916.
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241:Kamath (2001), p233
171:Mangaluru Samachara
211:Bengal Renaissance
165:uprising of 1837.
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220:Hadibadeya Dharma
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476:cite book
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40:Karnataka
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224:devadasi
216:Haridasa
87:Madrasas
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54:Society
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230:Notes
83:Islam
482:link
462:ISBN
436:OCLC
428:LCCN
106:sati
77:and
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