178:... while talking or even musing as he sat in his chair, he commonly held his head to one side towards his right shoulder, and shook it in a tremulous manner, moving his body backwards and forwards, and rubbing his left knee in the same direction, with the palm of his hand. In the intervals of articulating he made various sounds with his mouth; sometimes giving a half whistle, sometimes making his tongue play backwards from the roof of his mouth, as if clucking like a hen, and sometimes protruding it against his upper gums in front, as if pronouncing quickly under his breath, 'Too, too, too.' All this accompanied sometimes with a thoughtful look, but more frequently with a smile. Generally when he had concluded a period, in the course of a dispute, by which time he was a good deal exhausted by violence and vociferation, he used to blow out his breath like a Whale.
136:. In a study of eight children, ages 8–17, those with Tourette syndrome were found to be much quicker at processing certain mental grammar skills than children without the condition. The abnormalities that lead to tics may also lead to "other rapid behaviors, including the cognitive processing of rule-governed forms in language and other types of procedural knowledge". The investigator, Michael Ullman, PhD, said, "These children were particularly fast, as well as largely accurate, in certain language tasks. This tells us that their cognitive processing may be altered in ways we have only begun to explore, and moreover in a manner that may provide them with performance that is actually enhanced compared that of typically developing children".
249:
1108:. According to Hendrik Voss, Mr. Pancks displays vocal tics, including snorting and blowing, and obsessive behaviors. Voss says that Nikolai is portrayed as having numerous motor tics ("head, neck, and body jerks, facial wrinkling, eyebrow twitching, and grimacing"), as well as the vocal tic of shouting. The description may have been based on Tolstoy's brother, Dmitry Tolstoy, who is described as having "peculiar movements of head and neck plus inappropriate shouts".
452:
231:, "the case for Samuel Johnson having the syndrome, though circumstantial, is extremely strong and, to my mind, entirely convincing". He continues by generally describing the "enormous spontaneity, antics, and lightning quick wit" that featured prominently in Johnson's life. However, Pearce goes further into Johnson's biography and traces particular moments in Johnson's life which reinforced his diagnosis, concluding:
501:). While the term "Leck mich am Arsch", when literally translated, conjures up images of sexual practices, the more accurate English meaning of this phrase is simply "Kiss my ass". The additional phrase "... recht fein schön sauber", while colorful, is still only an emphasis: that is to say, "Kiss my ass real good!". The use of this written language alone is not necessarily indicative of
60:, which includes provisional and chronic tics. With increased knowledge of the full range of severity of Tourette syndrome—including milder cases—it has shifted from a condition only recognized in its most severe and impairing forms, to one recognized as a condition which is often mild, and which may be associated with some advantages and some disadvantages.
94:
198:
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published an editorial disputing Simkin's claim, and the
Tourette Syndrome Association pointed out the speculative nature of this information. No Tourette's syndrome expert or organization has voiced concurrence that there is credible evidence to conclude that Mozart had Tourette's. One TS specialist
235:
It is not without interest that periodic boundless mental energy, imaginative outbursts of inventiveness and creativity, are characteristic of certain
Tourette patients. It may be thought that without this illness Dr Johnson's remarkable literary achievements, the great dictionary, his philosophical
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Johnson had a number of tics and other involuntary movements. In 1994, Pearce analysed the details provided by
Boswell and others; based on the anecdotal evidence, Pearce compiled a list of movements and tics which Johnson was said to have demonstrated. From that list, he determined it was possible
84:
A review of all cases tried in state and federal courts in the US between 1985 and 2003 (civil rights, criminal, education, family, labor, and social security) found that TS was implicated in only about 150 cases, 21 of which were criminal, over 18 years. The authors concluded that TS "rarely leads
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use; it is usually expressed out of social or emotional context, and may be spoken in a louder tone or different cadence or pitch than normal conversation. The phrases uttered by a person with coprolalia do not necessarily reflect the thoughts or opinions of the person, and are embarrassing to the
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A German psychiatrist examined the question of Mozart's diagnoses and concluded that "Tourette’s syndrome is an inventive but implausible diagnosis in the medical history of Mozart". Evidence of motor tics was found lacking and the notion that involuntary vocal tics are transferred to the written
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reported twitching epidemics in the US as early as 1939, and wrote that the Le Roy outbreak was the "third recorded school outbreak of conversion disorder with motor disturbances to occur in the USA since 2002", but the first in which reports of affected individuals spread via social networks.
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on a small (13) group of individuals with TS found that cognitive control may be enhanced in young people with
Tourette's because the need to suppress tics results in more efficient control of inhibitions. A subsequent study confirmed and extended the paradoxical result that individuals with
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pretends to have
Tourette's to get away with saying offensive things. The episode received a mixed reaction from the Tourette Syndrome Association, which commented that it provided useful information, while at the same time perpetuating outright myths about coprolalia and Tourette syndrome.
544:
According to
Collado-Vázquez and Carrillo (2013), film representations of tics and Tourette's, "have not been adjusted to reality, and have been used to ridicule a character, exaggerate symptoms in a comic or grotesque tone, or as a characteristic trait of a cruel and evil individual".
601:
in 2015), she berated a caller inquiring whether a child with TS should attend a family wedding, declaring that a majority of those with the condition exhibited coprolalia and should be excluded from many social situations, provoking numerous angry calls about the misinformation.
252:"People are said to suffer from TS and, while that is certainly true in a lot of cases, I don't feel that way. Tourette syndrome is not a problem. It is part of my life. It doesn't affect me one way or another on or off the field." – American soccer goalkeeper
128:(IQ) testing showed that children with TS-only had higher IQ scores, relative to their parents, than predicted by statistical models. Another neurological examination of motor function found that 76% of children with TS-only were faster than average on timed
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in 1747, and was a prolific writer, poet, and critic. The "case of Dr
Johnson accords well with current criteria for the Tourette syndrome; he also displayed many of the obsessional-compulsive traits and rituals which are associated with this syndrome".
107:
Discussions with adults who have
Tourette syndrome reveal that not everyone wants treatment or a "cure", especially if that means they may "lose" something else in the process. Some believe that there may even be latent advantages associated with the
217:
that the diagnosis was made clear, with
Shapiro declaring, "Samuel Johnson ... is the most notable example of a successful adaptation to life despite the liability of Tourette syndrome". Murray had come to the same conclusion in a 1979
68:
There is no reason to believe that persons with
Tourette's have diminished capacity in regards to understanding legal issues. Examples of federal legislation which protects some rights of individuals with TS in the United States include the
3117:... la representaciĂłn no se ha ajustado a la realidad y se ha empleado para ridiculizar a un personaje, exagerando la sintomatologĂa, en tono cĂłmico y grotesco, o como rasgo caracterĂstico de algĂşn individuo cruel y malvado ...
535:
The video media—notably the Internet, movies, and television—have been criticized for sensationalizing the symptoms of Tourette syndrome, and for creating inaccurate perceptions about people with TS in the minds of the public.
3508:
190:—said that, "with poor Mrs Williams, a blind lady who lived with him, he would quit her hand, or else whirl her about on the steps as he whirled and twisted about to perform his gesticulations". When asked by English poet
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videos on TS found that, while most had positive or accurate portrayals of the condition, few could be useful for education, and those with negative portrayals were more highly viewed. The negative portrayals emphasized
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2739:
615:, produced a segment in 2006, titled "Broadway Tourette's", about segregating people with stereotypical TS from other passengers on a cruise ship, prompting a press release from the Tourette Syndrome Association.
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was devoted to Tourette's and orphan drugs; it "not only educated the American public about Tourette's as an organic disorder, but also helped get the then stalled 'Orphan Drug Bill' passed ... into legislation".
578:, which has furthered stigmatization and the general public's misunderstanding of persons with TS. The symptoms of Tourette syndrome are fodder for radio and television talk shows. Some talk shows (for example,
120:
Tourette's exhibit greater levels of cognitive control than age-matched healthy peers. There is some evidence to support the clinical lore that children with "TS-only" (Tourette syndrome in the absence of other
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McGuire JF, Bennett SM, Conelea CA, Himle MB, Anderson S, Ricketts EJ, Capriotti MR, Lewin AB, McNulty DC, Thompson LG, Espil FM, Nadeau SE, McConnell M, Woods DW, Walkup JT, Piacentini J (August 2021).
1444:
Schuerholz LJ, Baumgardner TL, Singer HS, Reiss AL, Denckla MB (April 1996). "Neuropsychological status of children with Tourette's syndrome with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder".
412:
Carl Bennett to describe real-life Canadian Mort Doran, M.D., a pilot and surgeon with severe Tourette's, whose tics remit almost completely while he is performing surgery. Australian astrophysicist
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Schuerholz LJ, Cutting L, Mazzocco MM, Singer HS, Denckla MB (October 1997). "Neuromotor functioning in children with Tourette syndrome with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder".
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800:
1045:, a dramatic increase in individuals reporting tics or tic-like movements in specialty clinics—but often assessed as functional (psychogenic) movement disorder related to YouTube and
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have attempted to portray Tourette's syndrome accurately and to advocate for greater understanding of persons with Tourette's, while others focus on sensationalizing coprolalia. The
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stated that, "although some web sites list Mozart as an individual who had Tourette's and/or OCD, it's not clear from the descriptions of his behavior that he actually had either."
436:
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927:. His condition was reported to have been aggravated by drug use. Some viewers expressed concern that the show had exploited Tourette's, while others felt it was educational.
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such as Asperger's. It is unclear if Aykroyd received the diagnoses from a medical source, whether he was speaking in his role as a comic, or if the diagnoses were self-made.
3547:
Schreck MC, Conolea CA (13 June 2018). "Improving self-esteem for Youth With Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders". In McGuire JF, Murphy TK, Piacentini J, Storch EA (eds.).
478:. His claim was picked up by newspapers worldwide, causing an international sensation, and internet websites have fueled the speculation. Letters Mozart wrote to his cousin
240:
Other speculative posthumous diagnoses of TS, for example Mozart, are not "... as entirely convincing ... the case for Samuel Johnson having TS ...".
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52:. It is no longer considered rare, but is often undetected, due to the wide range of severity, with most cases classified as mild. Tourette's is defined as part of a
505:, a rare symptom present in a minority of people with TS, and there are cultural explanations for Mozart's use of language. The German phrase was popularized by the
227:
In a 2007 analysis, Kammer discussed the "documented evidence" of Johnson's tics, saying that Johnson was "known to have suffered from TS". According to neurologist
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Pearce was not alone in diagnosing Johnson as having Tourette syndrome; in 1967 McHenry Jr was the first to diagnose Johnson with the syndrome. It was not until
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Scahill L, Williams S, Schwab-Stone M, Applegate J, Leckman JF (2006). "Disruptive behavior problems in a community sample of children with tic disorders".
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Denckla MB (2006). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The childhood co-morbidity that most influences the disability burden in Tourette syndrome".
70:
1116:
is a 2002 novel by Marcia Byalic, targeted at teens, about a seventh-grade girl recently diagnosed with TS. A protagonist with Tourette's is presented in
48:. Tourette's is a misunderstood and stigmatized condition, often mentioned in the popular media. Tourette syndrome was once considered a rare and bizarre
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have been used to encourage engagement with legislative representatives for advocacy, further tolerance and knowledge of tic disorders, and help improve
1088:
Pre-dating Gilles de la Tourette's 1885 publication which defined TS, likely portrayals of TS or tic disorder in fictional literature are Mr. Pancks in
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once described the case of a drummer with Tourette's who used his tics to give him a certain "flair" or "special sound" to his drumming. Sacks used the
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paper. Murray based his diagnosis on various accounts of Johnson displaying physical tics, "involuntary vocalisations" and "compulsive behaviour".
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4083:"Increased incidence of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders in children and adults amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study"
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Jackson GM, Mueller SC, Hambleton K, Hollis CP (September 2007). "Enhanced cognitive control in Tourette Syndrome during task uncertainty".
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deliberations and his conversations may never have happened; and Boswell, the author of the greatest of biographies would have been unknown.
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166:
99:
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Doran, Morton L. The Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc., Connecticut Chapter 1998 Educators' Conference; 6 November 1998; Danbury, CT.
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conditions) are unusually gifted: neuropsychological studies have identified advantages in children with TS-only. A study of full-scale
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2043:
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248:
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Oprah and Dr. Laura – Conflicting Messages on Tourette Syndrome. Oprah Educates; Dr. Laura Fosters Myth of TS as "Cursing Disorder".
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examines a society that is quick to judge a person who strays outside the limits of conventional behavior, and was nominated for an
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portrays a woman with Tourette's whose leg tic causes her to run over and kill her boyfriend; "An Angel on my Tree", an episode of
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once described himself as having mild Tourette's that was successfully treated with therapy when he was a preteen, as well as mild
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to criminal behavior, but patients with TS who have behavioral comorbidities are at risk of being involved with the legal system".
844:, followed a group of teenagers with Tourette's on a trip to Paris; many of the teenagers featured in the program had coprolalia.
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Recognized athletes and figures in the sports world diagnosed with Tourette syndrome include American former soccer goalkeeper
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reported tic-like movements. (Movement disorders without an organic cause have been referred to over time using terms such as
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866:(2011) profiled Matt Giordano, a drummer with Tourette syndrome who uses music to cope with the challenges of the condition.
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as she explains her experience of TS, and her struggle to find self-confidence in her singing. The Canadian documentary film
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Other television and film productions depicting persons with TS, or using coprolalia as a plot device, include an episode of
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77:(ADA). Legal and other advocacy information regarding the challenges associated with TS can be found on the website of the
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had Tourette syndrome, the evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Benjamin Simkin, a medical doctor, argues in his book
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1988:
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194:'s niece, a young child at the time, why he made such noises and acted in that way, Johnson responded: "From bad habit."
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There are many similar accounts; in particular, Johnson was said to act in such a manner at the thresholds of doors, and
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1984:
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in which a father commits manslaughter in reaction to an event that involved his son who had Tourette's; an episode of
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The entertainment industry has been accused of depicting those with TS as being social misfits whose only tic is
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when Aykroyd was a preteen, and the term was coined in 1981, later becoming a recognized diagnosis in the 1994
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590:) have been accused of furthering stigmatization, focusing on rare and sensational aspects of the condition.
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3928:"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part I: assessment"
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513:. Coprolalia encompasses words and phrases that are culturally taboo or generally unsuitable for acceptable
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Recognized figures in the entertainment industry with Tourette syndrome include American singer-songwriter
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There are many individuals with Tourette's, living and deceased, recognized in their fields, or for whom
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919:, has Tourette syndrome. The show has been accused of exploiting Bennett's Tourette's syndrome; and the
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in 1777, aged twenty-one. Speculation that he may have had Tourette's is not based on reliable evidence.
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Cohen, J.E. and Levi-Pearl, S. Understanding Coprolalia – A misunderstood symptom. Available from the
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Lim Fat MJ, Sell E, Barrowman N, Doja A (2012). "Public perception of Tourette syndrome on YouTube".
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2508:"YouTube Host Ethan Klein Accuses Guest Marc Elliot of Faking Tourette's, 750,000 Views in Two Days"
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Tourette Syndrome Association of New Jersey, Inc., Spring/Summer 2000. Retrieved on 4 January 2007.
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Voss, Hendrik (2012). "The representation of movement disorders in fictional literature: Table 1".
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The Clinician's Guide to Treatment and Management of Youth with Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders
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2585:"Backstage in Biscuit Land review – Tourette's makes for unpredictable, joyous, must-watch theatre"
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Tourette's Syndrome—Tics, Obsessions, Compulsions: Developmental Psychopathology and Clinical Care.
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is a documentary about the struggles of a young woman with severe Tourette's in a small village in
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has Tourette's and is the Honorary President of the Spanish Tourette Syndrome Association (APTT).
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Television shows that are credited with helping to advance accurate information about TS include
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1643:"Doctor Samuel Johnson: 'the great convulsionary' a victim of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome"
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923:(BPS) expressed concern and the possibility that BPS members involved in the series could face
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Billie Eilish Reveals She Has Tourette Syndrome After Compilation of Her Tics Emerges Online.
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3821:"Rapid onset of functional tic-like behaviours in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic"
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Public Service Announcement for Tourette Syndrome awareness features soccer star Tim Howard.
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2006:
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is mentioned to claimed to have Tourette's to excuse himself from a test; and an episode of
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3581:"Mass psychogenic illness and the social network: is it changing the pattern of outbreaks?"
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include legal advocacy and health insurance issues, awareness of notable individuals with
2453:"Lele Pons Opens Up About Mental Health Struggles in YouTube Original Series (Exclusive)"
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as a saxophone player with TS who befriends a 10-year-old boy with TS. It was written by
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Thenganatt MA, Jankovic J (August 2019). "Psychogenic (functional) movement disorders".
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Bartholomew, Wessely, and Rubin questioned in 2012 whether interaction on social media (
828:(2000) are documentaries about a young man from Scotland, who has severe Tourette's and
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A Family's Quest for Rhythm: Living with Tourette, ADD, OCD & Challenging Behaviors
3142:, reprinted by the Tourette Syndrome Association New Jersey. Retrieved on 1 June 2001.
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1994:
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2480:"Lewis Capaldi reveals Tourette syndrome diagnosis: 'It's something I am living with'"
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Movements & Madness: a young woman's struggle with an illness no one believed in.
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An example of a person who may have used obsessive-compulsive traits to advantage is
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584:) have focused on accurate portrayals of people with TS, while others (for example,
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vulnerability. Research supports some advantages associated with Tourette syndrome.
44:
disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of motor and phonic
4747:
4520:
4019:"Distinguishing and managing acute-onset complex tic-like behaviors in adolescence"
3630:"Recognizing uncommon presentations of psychogenic (functional) movement disorders"
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1400:
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888:, who has Tourette's, and on whose life the script was loosely based. The UK movie
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3722:"Current concepts in diagnosis and treatment of functional neurological disorders"
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Soccer Goalie with Tourette Syndrome Gains International Attention as Role Model.
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wrote a book about his experiences with Tourette syndrome, which was made into a
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3154:(PDF). Tourette Syndrome Association, Summer 1999. Retrieved on 19 July 2009.
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recorded a work called "Automatic Writing", based on his involuntary speeches.
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videos—was reported by researchers from Canada, Germany, the UK, and the US.
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132:, although similar results were not found among children with TS who also had
4325:(PDF). Tourette Syndrome Association (Fall 2001). Retrieved on 1 June 2010.
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Ganos C, Martino D, Espay AJ, Lang AE, Bhatia KP, Edwards MJ (October 2019).
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Fletcher, C. (1985). "Radial keratotomy findings released; some still wary".
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Kammer T (2007). "Mozart in the Neurological Department – Who Has the Tic?".
812:, featuring children between the ages of six and 13. It was described by the
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Famous People with Tourette's syndrome and/or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
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Tourette Syndrome Association, (31 May 2001). Retrieved on 6 October 2001.
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1888:. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience. Vol. 22. pp. 184–192.
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1183:(Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp.
160:, lexicographer, who had Tourette syndrome as evidenced by the writings of
3872:"Stop that! It's not Tourette's but a new type of mass sociogenic illness"
3112:
2938:
2858:
2122:
2030:
1971:
1820:
1676:
1508:
1465:
197:
148:
tendencies associated with Tourette's may have helped fuel their success.
4670:
3495:
2438:
1785:
1532:"Speeded processing of grammar and tool knowledge in Tourette's syndrome"
1457:
1330:
Mueller SC, Jackson GM, Dhalla R, Datsopoulos S, Hollis CP (March 2006).
994:
862:
597:. According to the former Tourette Syndrome Association (name changed to
121:
109:
49:
38:
3468:
3456:
2152:
4152:
1112:
998:
982:
924:
593:
An incident of disinformation about coprolalia and Tourette's involved
514:
93:
3837:
1893:
4684:
4500:
3645:
1332:"Enhanced cognitive control in young people with Tourette's syndrome"
1046:
950:
335:
4389:
783:
features Marty Fisher, a character with Tourette syndrome who is an
3870:
MĂĽller-Vahl KR, Pisarenko A, Jakubovski E, Fremer C (August 2021).
1582:(Press release). Georgetown University Medical Center. 13 July 2007
4572:
Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey
3977:"COVID-19 related increase in childhood tics and tic-like attacks"
2760:"Mozart's movements and behaviour: A case of Tourette's syndrome?"
1991:
Tourette Syndrome Association, Archived version of 7 April 2005.
1580:"Research Finds Faster Grammar Skills in Children with Tourette's"
1022:
959:
784:
450:
401:
as a place to "celebrate the humour and creativity of Tourettes".
247:
196:
92:
4294:(PDF). Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved on 1 June 2010.
3771:"Tics and functional tic-like movements: Can we tell them apart?"
1065:
album titled "Symphony Of Tourette". A musical about Tourette's,
3336:"I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me" Wins an Emmy.
362:
201:
Reynold's 1769 portrait depicting Johnson's "odd gesticulations"
4393:
3271:. Tourette Syndrome Association. 4 October 2007. Archived from
3245:. Tourette Syndrome Association. 2 October 2007. Archived from
2351:"A Serious Interview With Basshunter About Tourette's Syndrome"
1799:
McHenry LC (1967). "Samuel Johnson's Tics and Gesticulations".
990:, and furthered stigma and stereotype for entertainment value.
264:
is thought to have had Tourette syndrome. American millionaire
4515:
3926:
Szejko N, Robinson S, Hartmann A, et al. (October 2021).
805:
315:
296:
45:
2406:
Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved on 25 December 201.
3152:
Media Focus on TS: Bringing New Awareness & New Problems
3074:"The truth about Tourette's is more ordinary than you think"
2292:
Major League Baseball. Retrieved on 18 February 2006. See
2277:
1027:
functional neurological symptom disorder/conversion disorder
3720:
Espay AJ, Aybek S, Carson A, et al. (September 2018).
1158:
is a 2011 novel whose main character, Michael Vey, has TS.
1144:
by Josh Hanagarne is an autobiographical 2014 book about a
4275:
Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved on 20 June 2010.
4135:
Olvera C, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG, Kompoliti K (July 2021).
2877:
Tourette Syndrome Association Retrieved on 14 August 2002.
2248:
Wall, James M. "Prayer time: Abdul-Rauf takes a stand."
2239:
Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved on 28 July 2010.
1624:
Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved 10 February 2005.
1256:. Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
3374:
Channel 4.com (July 2003). Retrieved on 12 January 2007.
1073:
in October 2005, and closed quickly due to poor reviews.
97:
Samuel Johnson (1709–1784) circa 1772. Johnson published
3338:
Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved 4 January 2007.
3243:"TSA Voices Concern Over "South Park" 3 October Episode"
34:, and treatment of TS in the media and popular culture.
3232:
Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
3208:
Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
2965:
Calder-Sprackman S, Sutherland S, Doja A (March 2014).
522:
form was labeled "problematic". Neurologist and author
4186:
Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved 30 October 2006.
2137:
Anti-gay millionaire bankrolls Caravaggio spectacular.
1801:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
1266:
Jankovic J (2006). "Tourette's Syndrome and the Law".
492:("Lick my arse") or variations thereof (including the
103:
in 1755, and was a prolific writer, poet, and critic.
18:
Sociological and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome
4357:"Richard Paul Evans' new hero is 'something special'"
3579:
Bartholomew RE, Wessely S, Rubin GJ (December 2012).
2167:
Tourette Syndrome Association. Retrieved 3 June 2006.
1313:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999, p. 408.
1180:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
4306:
Oprah.com (8 March 2001). Retrieved on 1 June 1010.
3181:
A cursing brain?: The histories of Tourette syndrome
2222:."Miss Iowa finishes fifth at Miss America pageant".
2165:
Front of the Class wins independent publisher award.
439:. Tics can be caused by other disorders, including
4662:
4631:
4580:
4534:
4458:
4427:
4232:
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
3574:
3572:
3230:Letter of response to Garrison Keillor radio show.
3164:David E. Kelley's hit program: Tourette awareness.
2745:(13 October 2004). Retrieved on 15 December 2006.
2389:Nick van Bloss on living with Tourette's syndrome.
2268:NBCOlympics.com Profiles. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
28:Societal and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome
3294:Shameless bid to translate success to US screens.
2227:(12 January 2012). Retrieved on 13 January 2012.
1886:Neurological Disorders in Famous Artists - Part 2
1729:. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. p. 103.
1530:Walenski M, Mostofsky SH, Ullman MT (June 2007).
818:as "the best simple overview yet of Tourette's".
509:(1749–1832) drama about the historical figure of
4692:I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me
3537:Reuters (23 March 2018). Retrieved 9 April 2018
2200:"SĂndrome de Tourette: el capricho del cerebro".
1837:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 29.
1140:selection about a teenage girl who may have TS.
801:I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me
470:that Mozart had Tourette syndrome. Simkin is an
268:also has Tourette's, as does teacher and author
4316:TS on Oprah: Millions of viewers learn about TS
3421:"The singer who finds freedom from Tourette's".
3169:, 15 February 2001. Retrieved on 19 July 2009.
2753:
2751:
2662:(14 December 2006). Retrieved 19 December 2006.
909:, the winner of the 2006 edition of British TV
884:, and produced with her husband, jazz musician
672:) is a neurotic con artist with Tourette's and
2955:SchoolBehavior.com. Retrieved on 20 May 2006.
2885:
2883:
2306:"Rider with Tourette's shows no fear on bike."
1001:, YouTube, and Internet blogs) contributed to
4405:
2971:The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
2142:6 March 2005. Retrieved on 23 November 2007.
1688:
1686:
8:
4557:Tourette Syndrome Clinical Global Impression
3975:Heyman I, Liang H, Hedderly T (March 2021).
3081:, 11 January 2007. Retrieved on 28 May 2010.
2870:
2868:
2655:South Pole scientist may have been poisoned.
2212:(23 May 2003). Retrieved on 3 January 2009.
4137:"TikTok tics: a pandemic within a pandemic"
3068:
3066:
2394:18 April 2006. Retrieved on 29 March 2008.
1244:(22 March 2006). Retrieved on 7 June 2006.
462:Although some authors have speculated that
71:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
4412:
4398:
4390:
2967:"Tourette syndrome in film and television"
2049:, 25 July 2003. Retrieved on 31 May 2009.
1239:Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders.
1172:
1170:
4567:Autism—Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbities
4160:
4111:
4101:
4042:
3992:
3951:
3897:
3887:
3846:
3836:
3745:
3653:
3604:
3481:Profile: Big Brother winner Pete Bennett.
3326:, 26 May 2006. Retrieved 2 December 2006.
3313:
3311:
3309:
3130:Getting Word Out About Tourette Syndrome.
3030:
3012:
3010:
2982:
2928:
2848:
2813:Fithian Press. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
2811:Medical and Musical Byways of Mozartiana.
2805:
2803:
2783:
2716:
2112:
2089:"André Malraux: A medical interpretation"
2020:
2010:
1961:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1775:
1745:
1743:
1666:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1555:
1412:
1410:
1347:
1177:American Psychiatric Association (2013).
393:. The Tourettes awareness project called
260:French author, adventurer, and statesman
4386:– Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada
4225:
4223:
4221:
3410:LemYng Films. Retrieved on 15 May 2007.
2670:
2668:
2562:"Touretteshero TV series in development"
2186:APTT web page. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
2093:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
2047:Tourette Syndrome Association of America
1931:
1929:
970:Social media campaigns supported by the
482:("Bäsle") between 1777 and 1781 contain
468:Medical and Musical Byways of Mozartiana
4755:Tic Talk: Living with Tourette Syndrome
3628:Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Fekete R (2015).
3509:BB's Tourette lad has "fried his mind".
3303:Jamesmcacoy.com. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
2687:Aykroyd, Terry Gross interview excerpt.
1752:"Dr Samuel Johnson's movement disorder"
1166:
3269:"TSA responds to "South Park" Episode"
2616:The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat
2062:Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada
1699:. New York: Harper & Row. p. 203.
1697:The Personal History of Samuel Johnson
1548:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.04.001
1233:
1231:
4214:Robert Ashley and the Tourettic Voice
4081:Hull M, Parnes M, Jankovic J (2021).
3819:Pringsheim T, Martino D (July 2021).
3362:(PDF). PBS. Retrieved on 8 May 2006.
2425:CD Times. Retrieved 20 February 2006.
2333:Engelman, Nicole (27 November 2018).
2322:Q&A: Kenny Wallace/Steve Wallace.
798:-winning television documentary film
447:Speculation about notable individuals
7:
2905:"Tourette's syndrome and creativity"
2564:. British Comedy Guide. 19 July 2018
1995:"Tourette's syndrome and creativity"
1938:"Tourette's syndrome and creativity"
1602:Seminars in General Adult Psychiatry
1151:Michael Vey: The Prisoner of Cell 25
206:that Johnson had Tourette syndrome.
167:A Dictionary of the English Language
100:A Dictionary of the English Language
3522:BB Pete: Exploitation or education?
2699:Mejia, N. I.; Jankovic, J. (2005).
1835:Samuel Johnson in the Medical World
334:(nicknamed "Twitch"), and American
4023:J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
3916:from wired.com, September 2, 2021.
3493:Psychologists voice Brother worry.
3435:Kathy Giordano and Matt Giordano,
2758:Ashoori, A.; Jankovic, J. (2008).
2404:Jazz musician Michael Wolff (PDF).
1600:Stein G, Wilkinson G, eds (2007).
1005:in 2011, when adolescent girls in
377:, Venezuelan internet personality
25:
4197:Where an Angel Fearlessly Treads.
3634:Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)
3419:Wallis, Lucy (12 December 2011).
2705:Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
2675:Fresh Air, NPR, Media Player file
2583:Harmon, Steph (18 October 2016).
2536:""Pabbi, þú ert ekki með túrett""
2434:Cerbasi, Jennifer (3 June 2011).
2151:VanderWyk & Burnham Authors.
1861:. New York: Raven Press. p. 361.
1029:and they are also referred to as
894:tells the story of Mark Furness (
4355:Wadley, Carmen (6 August 2011).
3994:10.1136/archdischild-2021-321748
3387:, 29 October 2006. Available at
3350:DVD Times. Retrieved 9 May 2006.
3128:Folstad, Kim (23 January 2001).
3105:10.1001/jama.1985.03350320023003
2825:"Mozart's scatological disorder"
2542:(in Icelandic). 2 September 2018
1604:. RCPsych Publications. p. 366.
846:Movements and Madness: Gusti Ayu
385:, American internet personality
4639:Tourette Association of America
4547:Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale
4338:The World’s Strongest Librarian
4304:Icy Sparks by Gwyn Hyman Rubio.
4067:Tourette Association of America
3383:Dowell, Ben. "The Swearbox".
3206:Letter of response to Dr. Phil.
2718:10.1590/s1516-44462005000100006
2701:"Secondary tics and tourettism"
2436:Dealing with Tourette Syndrome.
1280:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18.1.86
1142:The World's Strongest Librarian
972:Tourette Association of America
599:Tourette Association of America
79:Tourette Association of America
75:Americans with Disabilities Act
4542:Yale Global Tic Severity Scale
4334:Michaud, Jon (26 April 2013).
3459:IMDb. Retrieved on 9 May 2006.
3360:Twitch and Shout Press Release
2740:"I know what made Mozart tic".
2689:Retrieved on 20 February 2006.
2677:Retrieved on 20 February 2006.
2620:. Touchstone, New York, 1998.
2280:Retrieved on 18 February 2006.
1859:Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
1727:Samuel Johnson & His World
1019:psychogenic movement disorders
978:among young people with tics.
840:. A 2007 British documentary,
215:Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
1:
4598:Georges Gilles de la Tourette
4450:Societal and cultural aspects
2891:Tourette Syndrome Association
2256:. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
1031:functional movement disorders
921:British Psychological Society
900:obsessive compulsive disorder
856:, followed aspiring musician
854:Tourettes: I Swear I Can Sing
810:Tourette Syndrome Association
674:obsessive compulsive disorder
381:, Scottish singer-songwriter
322:, American former MLB player
4741:The Secret Life of Lele Pons
4103:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001082
3932:Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
3790:10.1212/WNL.0000000000008372
3738:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1264
3691:10.1212/CON.0000000000000755
3391:. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
3319:Stop celebrating Tourette's.
2893:. Retrieved 30 October 2006.
2764:Postgraduate Medical Journal
2451:Spangler T (22 April 2020).
2441:. Retrieved on 7 June 2011.
777:. The British comedic drama
369:, English singer-songwriter
357:, English classical pianist
286:the singer of a similar name
284:contestant Mariah Cary (not
3551:. Academic Press. pp.
3471:IMDb. Retrieved 9 May 2006.
2320:NASCAR.com (26 July 2006).
1254:Living with TS:Adult Issues
869:A movie released on video,
433:not recognized in the 1960s
4798:
4035:10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.823
3944:10.1007/s00787-021-01842-2
3524:BBC News (18 August 2006).
3483:BBC News (18 August 2006).
3019:Journal of Child Neurology
2875:Did Mozart really have TS?
2618:: And Other Clinical Tales
2324:Retrieved on 31 July 2006.
2278:Jim Eisenreich Foundation.
2105:10.1177/014107688507800511
2064:. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
1985:Did Mozart really have TS?
1659:10.1177/014107689408700709
1501:10.1177/088307389701200705
1268:Journal of Neuropsychiatry
852:. A 2011 BBC documentary,
808:, in conjunction with the
697:Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo
566:. A March 1981 episode of
507:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
419:In a radio interview with
186:—younger sister of artist
64:Legal and insurance issues
4562:Tourette's Disorder Scale
4552:Shapiro TS Severity Scale
3511:Retrieved on 22 May 2006.
3299:28 September 2007 at the
2984:10.1017/S0317167100016620
2921:10.1136/bmj.305.6868.1515
2841:10.1136/bmj.305.6868.1563
2641:An Anthropologist on Mars
2155:. Retrieved 10 June 2006.
2012:10.1136/bmj.305.6868.1515
1954:10.1136/bmj.305.6868.1515
1385:10.1007/s00221-007-0999-8
1349:10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.064
498:Difficile lectu mihi mars
486:; he wrote canons titled
4244:10.1136/jnnp-2012-302716
3679:Continuum (Minneap Minn)
3597:10.1258/jrsm.2012.120053
3186:Harvard University Press
3041:10.1177/0883073811432294
2776:10.1136/jnnp.2007.114520
2644:. Knopf, New York, 1995.
2375:15 February 2006 at the
2370:Mentoring program (PDF).
2340:. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
2087:Guidotti, T. L. (1985).
1813:10.1093/jhmas/XXII.2.152
1003:mass psychogenic illness
612:A Prairie Home Companion
349:, Swedish singer and DJ
37:Tourette syndrome is an
4654:Yale Child Study Center
4608:Jean Marc Gaspard Itard
1768:10.1136/bmj.1.6178.1610
1725:Lane, Margaret (1975).
1641:Pearce JM (July 1994).
1061:recorded a song on the
531:References in the media
456:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
416:had Tourette syndrome.
404:Author and neurologist
221:British Medical Journal
3533:Jamkhandikar, Shilpa.
3406:9 October 2007 at the
2659:The New Zealand Herald
2210:El PeriĂłdico de AragĂłn
1059:Manic Street Preachers
1025:classifies them under
902:(OCD) and Tourette's.
715:Not Another Teen Movie
595:Dr. Laura Schlessinger
518:person uttering them.
459:
391:Stefán Karl Stefánsson
389:, and Icelandic actor
303:, American three-time
257:
238:
202:
180:
174:According to Boswell,
104:
3889:10.1093/brain/awab316
3535:Movie Review: Hichki.
1716:Hibbert 1971, p. 202.
1419:Advances in Neurology
1210:Advances in Neurology
1098:and Nikolai Levin in
1063:Gold Against The Soul
936:Hallmark Hall of Fame
826:The Boy Can't Help It
676:. Other examples are
606:, radio show host of
511:Götz von Berlichingen
484:scatological language
476:neurological disorder
454:
251:
233:
200:
176:
126:intelligence quotient
96:
4321:20 June 2010 at the
4290:20 June 2010 at the
3135:17 July 2011 at the
2421:9 March 2006 at the
2309:The Courier-Journal.
2205:18 July 2011 at the
1833:Wiltshire J (1991).
1693:Hibbert, Christopher
1458:10.1212/wnl.46.4.958
1146:Salt Lake City, Utah
1120:'s detective novel,
1053:In music and theatre
756:Vincent Wants To Sea
727:Phoebe in Wonderland
691:Curb Your Enthusiasm
353:, American composer
146:obsessive-compulsive
4727:Motherless Brooklyn
4588:Jean-Martin Charcot
4065:Available from the
3498:. (24 August 2006).
3372:Tourette de France.
3140:The Palm Beach Post
3078:Cincinnati Enquirer
2915:(6868): 1515–1516.
2835:(6868): 1563–1567.
2823:Simkin, B. (1992).
2250:Christian Century.
2225:Des Moines Register
2182:7 July 2011 at the
2005:(6868): 1515–1516.
1948:(6868): 1515–1516.
1762:(6178): 1610–1614.
1148:librarian with TS.
1123:Motherless Brooklyn
962:), opened in 2018.
815:Cincinnati Enquirer
745:Motherless Brooklyn
733:Son of the Sunshine
685:The Boondock Saints
668:, the protagonist (
631:Touched by an Angel
266:Howard Ahmanson, Jr
140:Notable individuals
4678:Front of the Class
4435:Causes and origins
4204:, 21 October 2005.
4201:The New York Times
4153:10.1002/mdc3.13316
4141:Movement Disorders
3507:Parr, Charlotte.
3469:Dirty Filthy Love.
3439:. Lulu.com, 2012.
3317:Guldberg, Helene.
2903:Sacks, O. (1992).
2809:Simkin, Benjamin.
2595:on 18 October 2016
2516:. 23 February 2023
2488:. 7 September 2022
1750:Murray TJ (1979).
1156:Richard Paul Evans
1076:In 1979, composer
941:Front of the Class
842:Tourette De France
761:The Wedding Singer
489:Leck mich im Arsch
460:
373:, American singer
314:, American former
301:Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf
295:, American former
288:) has Tourette's.
258:
203:
158:Dr. Samuel Johnson
130:motor coordination
105:
4782:Tourette syndrome
4764:
4763:
4713:Le Petit Tourette
4623:Arthur K. Shapiro
4511:Sensory phenomena
4421:Tourette syndrome
4285:A Family Portrait
4029:(12): 1445–1447.
3838:10.1111/ene.15034
3831:(11): 3805–3808.
3562:978-0-12-811981-5
3424:BBC News Magazine
3072:Holtgren, Bruce.
2653:Booker, Jarrod.
1903:978-3-8055-8265-0
1894:10.1159/000102880
1194:978-0-89042-555-8
1138:Oprah's Book Club
1043:COVID-19 pandemic
891:Dirty Filthy Love
652:Le Petit Tourette
480:Maria Anna Thekla
431:. The latter was
429:Asperger syndrome
282:Miss America 2013
272:. Catalan writer
211:Arthur K. Shapiro
192:Christopher Smart
89:Latent advantages
32:Tourette syndrome
16:(Redirected from
4789:
4649:Tourettes Action
4618:James F. Leckman
4535:Assessment tools
4506:Premonitory urge
4414:
4407:
4400:
4391:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4352:
4346:
4332:
4326:
4313:
4307:
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4295:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4227:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4147:(8): 1200–1205.
4132:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4105:
4096:(5): e686–e690.
4087:
4078:
4072:
4064:
4046:
4013:
4007:
4006:
3996:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3955:
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3867:
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3860:
3850:
3840:
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3809:
3775:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3732:(9): 1132–1141.
3717:
3711:
3710:
3685:(4): 1121–1140.
3674:
3668:
3667:
3657:
3646:10.7916/D8VM4B13
3625:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3576:
3567:
3566:
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3538:
3531:
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3454:
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3398:
3392:
3389:FindArticles.com
3381:
3375:
3369:
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3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3315:
3304:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3275:on 27 April 2012
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3249:on 24 April 2012
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3176:
3170:
3161:
3155:
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3119:
3088:
3082:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3034:
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2986:
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2956:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2932:
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2878:
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2807:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2770:(992): 313–317.
2755:
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2731:
2730:
2720:
2696:
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2621:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2591:. Archived from
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2448:
2442:
2432:
2426:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2386:
2380:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2318:
2312:
2302:
2296:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2219:
2213:
2198:Puyod, Carmina.
2197:
2193:
2187:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2084:
2078:
2075:Malraux: A Life.
2071:
2065:
2056:
2050:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2014:
1993:Sacks O (1992).
1982:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1936:Sacks O (1992).
1933:
1924:
1923:
1881:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1747:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1638:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1536:Neuropsychologia
1527:
1521:
1520:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1327:
1321:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1174:
1128:Gwyn Hyman Rubio
1007:Le Roy, New York
981:A 2012 study of
834:Twitch and Shout
804:was produced by
739:Wedding Crashers
709:Niagara, Niagara
604:Garrison Keillor
441:autism disorders
184:Frances Reynolds
164:. Johnson wrote
117:controlled study
21:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4658:
4644:Tourette Canada
4627:
4593:Donald J. Cohen
4576:
4530:
4454:
4423:
4418:
4380:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4333:
4329:
4323:Wayback Machine
4314:
4310:
4302:
4298:
4292:Wayback Machine
4283:
4279:
4271:
4267:
4238:(10): 994–999.
4229:
4228:
4219:
4212:
4208:
4195:Brantley, Ben.
4194:
4190:
4182:
4178:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4015:
4014:
4010:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3784:(17): 750–758.
3773:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3532:
3528:
3519:
3515:
3506:
3502:
3491:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3455:
3451:
3434:
3430:
3418:
3414:
3408:Wayback Machine
3399:
3395:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3348:John's Not Mad.
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3316:
3307:
3301:Wayback Machine
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3177:
3173:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3137:Wayback Machine
3127:
3123:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3071:
3064:
3032:10.1.1.997.9069
3016:
3015:
3008:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2950:
2946:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2888:
2881:
2873:
2866:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2801:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2743:telegraph.co.uk
2738:
2734:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2666:
2652:
2648:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2433:
2429:
2423:Wayback Machine
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2392:The Independent
2387:
2383:
2377:Wayback Machine
2368:
2364:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2319:
2315:
2303:
2299:
2294:Altoona mirror.
2288:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2252:10 April 1996.
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2220:
2216:
2207:Wayback Machine
2195:
2194:
2190:
2184:Wayback Machine
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2134:
2130:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2073:Todd, Olivier.
2072:
2068:
2057:
2053:
2042:
2038:
1992:
1989:Samuel Johnson.
1983:
1979:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1904:
1883:
1882:
1873:
1853:
1849:
1832:
1828:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1691:
1684:
1640:
1639:
1628:
1622:Samuel Johnson.
1620:
1616:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1542:(11): 2447–60.
1529:
1528:
1524:
1489:J. Child Neurol
1486:
1485:
1481:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1299:
1295:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1236:
1229:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1118:Jonathan Lethem
1096:Charles Dickens
1086:
1055:
1033:.) Bartholomew
968:
966:In social media
751:The Road Within
542:
533:
472:endocrinologist
449:
332:Jeremy Stenberg
246:
188:Joshua Reynolds
154:
142:
91:
73:(IDEA) and the
66:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4777:Samuel Johnson
4769:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4699:John's Not Mad
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4613:Samuel Johnson
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4481:Echophenomenon
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4384:Adults with TS
4379:
4378:External links
4376:
4374:
4373:
4347:
4343:The New Yorker
4327:
4308:
4296:
4277:
4265:
4217:
4206:
4188:
4176:
4127:
4073:
4008:
3987:(5): 420–421.
3981:Arch Dis Child
3967:
3938:(3): 383–402.
3918:
3882:(2): 476–480.
3862:
3811:
3761:
3712:
3669:
3620:
3591:(12): 509–12.
3568:
3561:
3539:
3526:
3513:
3500:
3485:
3473:
3461:
3449:
3428:
3412:
3393:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3305:
3286:
3260:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3198:
3171:
3156:
3144:
3121:
3095:(in Spanish).
3083:
3062:
3025:(8): 1011–16.
3006:
2957:
2944:
2895:
2879:
2864:
2815:
2799:
2747:
2732:
2691:
2679:
2664:
2646:
2631:
2622:
2606:
2575:
2553:
2527:
2499:
2471:
2443:
2427:
2408:
2396:
2381:
2362:
2342:
2326:
2313:
2297:
2290:Mike Johnston.
2282:
2270:
2266:Eric Bernotas.
2258:
2241:
2229:
2214:
2188:
2169:
2157:
2144:
2128:
2079:
2066:
2051:
2036:
1977:
1925:
1902:
1871:
1847:
1826:
1807:(2): 152–168.
1791:
1739:
1718:
1709:
1682:
1626:
1614:
1610:978-1904671442
1593:
1571:
1522:
1479:
1436:
1406:
1363:
1322:
1293:
1258:
1246:
1227:
1200:
1193:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1085:
1082:
1054:
1051:
967:
964:
821:John's Not Mad
774:What About Bob
665:Matchstick Men
541:
540:In film and TV
538:
532:
529:
448:
445:
397:was set up by
359:Nick van Bloss
320:Jim Eisenreich
245:
242:
153:
152:Samuel Johnson
150:
141:
138:
90:
87:
65:
62:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4794:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4706:Las Estrellas
4703:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:Organizations
4630:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4012:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:Allen, Liam.
3517:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3457:The Tic Code.
3453:
3450:
3446:
3445:9781105978487
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:Sunday Mirror
3380:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3194:0-674-00386-1
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3178:Kushner, HI.
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3099:(8): 1103–4.
3098:
3094:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2977:(2): 226–32.
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2311:10 June 2005.
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2254:Find Articles
2251:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2140:The Observer.
2138:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:0-89004-057-5
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1843:0-521-38326-9
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1822:
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1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
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1783:
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1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
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1740:
1736:
1735:0-06-012496-2
1732:
1728:
1722:
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1713:
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1705:0-06-011879-2
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1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
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1502:
1498:
1495:(7): 438–42.
1494:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:(4): 958–65.
1451:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
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1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1379:(3): 357–64.
1378:
1374:
1373:Exp Brain Res
1367:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
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1319:0-471-16037-7
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1102:
1101:Anna Karenina
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1093:
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1091:Little Dorrit
1083:
1081:
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1078:Robert Ashley
1074:
1072:
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917:
916:Big Brother 7
912:
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901:
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896:Michael Sheen
893:
892:
887:
886:Michael Wolff
883:
879:
878:Gregory Hines
875:
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867:
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792:documentaries
788:
786:
782:
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767:The West Wing
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679:The Big White
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407:
402:
400:
396:
395:Touretteshero
392:
388:
384:
383:Lewis Capaldi
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Michael Wolff
364:
360:
356:
355:Tobias Picker
352:
348:
347:Billie Eilish
343:
341:
340:Steve Wallace
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:Mike Johnston
321:
317:
313:
312:Eric Bernotas
309:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:André Malraux
255:
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172:
169:
168:
163:
162:James Boswell
159:
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139:
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127:
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118:
113:
111:
102:
101:
95:
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86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
63:
61:
59:
58:tic disorders
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:
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33:
29:
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4748:The Tic Code
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4521:Tic disorder
4449:
4364:. Retrieved
4361:Deseret News
4360:
4350:
4342:
4337:
4330:
4311:
4299:
4280:
4268:
4235:
4231:
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4026:
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3980:
3970:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3828:
3825:Eur J Neurol
3824:
3814:
3781:
3777:
3764:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3637:
3633:
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3431:
3423:
3415:
3396:
3384:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3321:
3289:
3277:. Retrieved
3273:the original
3263:
3251:. Retrieved
3247:the original
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3180:
3174:
3166:
3159:
3147:
3139:
3124:
3116:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3076:
3022:
3018:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2951:Packer, L.
2947:
2912:
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2832:
2828:
2818:
2767:
2763:
2742:
2735:
2708:
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2657:
2649:
2639:
2634:
2625:
2614:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:the original
2589:The Guardian
2588:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2539:
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2513:Frank Report
2511:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2485:The Guardian
2483:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2456:
2446:
2430:
2416:Nick Tatham.
2411:
2399:
2391:
2384:
2365:
2354:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2316:
2308:
2304:Brown, C.L.
2300:
2285:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2244:
2232:
2224:
2217:
2209:
2196:(in Spanish)
2191:
2172:
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2147:
2139:
2135:Doward, J.
2131:
2099:(5): 401–6.
2096:
2092:
2082:
2077:Knopf, 2005.
2074:
2069:
2054:
2039:
2002:
1998:
1980:
1945:
1941:
1885:
1858:
1850:
1834:
1829:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1759:
1755:
1726:
1721:
1712:
1696:
1653:(7): 396–9.
1650:
1646:
1617:
1601:
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1574:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1422:
1418:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1342:(6): 570–3.
1339:
1335:
1325:
1309:
1296:
1274:(1): 86–95.
1271:
1267:
1261:
1249:
1241:
1213:
1209:
1203:
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1131:
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1111:
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1069:, opened on
1066:
1062:
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1018:
1014:
1010:
992:
980:
969:
955:
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939:
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914:
911:reality show
907:Pete Bennett
904:
889:
882:Polly Draper
872:The Tic Code
870:
868:
861:
853:
845:
841:
833:
825:
819:
813:
799:
789:
778:
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725:
721:The Predator
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
670:Nicolas Cage
663:
662:In the film
661:
656:Eric Cartman
654:", in which
645:
642:Bart Simpson
637:The Simpsons
635:
629:
619:
617:
610:
592:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
557:The Practice
555:
551:Quincy, M.E.
549:
547:
543:
534:
524:Oliver Sacks
520:
496:
494:pseudo-Latin
487:
467:
461:
418:
414:Rodney Marks
406:Oliver Sacks
403:
394:
375:James Durbin
344:
290:
259:
239:
234:
229:Oliver Sacks
226:
219:
214:
208:
204:
181:
177:
173:
165:
155:
143:
114:
106:
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42:neurological
36:
27:
26:
4471:Copropraxia
4340:Tells All".
4184:In My Life.
3914:lay summary
3726:JAMA Neurol
3585:J R Soc Med
2711:(1): 11–7.
2599:17 February
2568:17 February
2177:Quim MonzĂł.
2059:What is TS.
1855:Shapiro AK.
1647:J R Soc Med
1237:Black, KJ.
1106:Leo Tolstoy
1041:During the
1015:psychogenic
976:self-esteem
824:(1989) and
640:, in which
624:, in which
621:Ally McBeal
425:Dan Aykroyd
423:, comedian
421:Terry Gross
387:Ethan Klein
371:Nick Tatham
361:, American
326:, American
280:winner and
4771:Categories
4603:Tim Howard
4526:Tourettism
4496:Palipraxia
4486:Echopraxia
4466:Coprolalia
4445:Management
2613:Sacks O.
2546:31 January
2492:22 October
2153:Brad Cohen
1336:Curr. Biol
1301:Leckman JF
1216:: 184–90.
1162:References
1133:Icy Sparks
1067:In My Life
1011:hysterical
988:coprolalia
932:Brad Cohen
858:Ruth Ojadi
838:Emmy Award
830:coprolalia
796:Emmy Award
647:South Park
626:Anne Heche
576:coprolalia
563:7th Heaven
503:coprolalia
351:Basshunter
293:Tim Howard
274:Quim MonzĂł
270:Brad Cohen
254:Tim Howard
4491:Palilalia
4476:Echolalia
4090:Neurology
4061:237092939
3806:202761321
3778:Neurology
3707:198984465
3279:4 October
3253:3 October
3196:. p. 185.
3167:USA Today
3027:CiteSeerX
2638:Sacks O.
2338:Billboard
1695:(1971).
1446:Neurology
1425:: 17–21.
1242:eMedicine
954:(meaning
946:Bollywood
850:Indonesia
780:Shameless
410:pseudonym
399:Jess Thom
379:Lele Pons
365:musician
328:motocross
310:champion
278:Miss Iowa
39:inherited
4671:75 Watts
4319:Archived
4288:Archived
4273:Quit It.
4260:27902880
4252:22752692
4171:34765687
4122:34840884
4053:34391859
4044:10895863
4003:33677431
3962:34661764
3908:34424292
3857:34293224
3798:31551261
3756:29868890
3699:31356296
3664:25667816
3615:23288084
3496:BBC News
3447:. p. 70.
3404:Archived
3297:Archived
3188:, 2000.
3133:Archived
3057:21648806
3049:22821136
3001:39288755
2993:24534035
2794:17940168
2727:15867978
2439:Fox News
2419:Archived
2373:Archived
2203:Archived
2180:Archived
1920:34127687
1912:17495512
1857:(1978).
1566:17493643
1517:29033853
1474:20711062
1431:16536349
1393:17569034
1358:16546080
1305:Cohen DJ
1288:16525075
1222:16536365
1084:In books
1071:Broadway
995:Facebook
948:remake,
930:Teacher
863:75 Watts
790:Several
785:arsonist
587:Dr. Phil
308:skeleton
122:comorbid
54:spectrum
50:syndrome
4734:Quit It
4440:History
4366:7 March
4162:8564823
4113:8610548
3953:8521086
3899:9014744
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3747:7293766
3655:4303603
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3606:3536509
3113:3881617
2939:1286364
2930:1884721
2859:1286388
2850:1884718
2785:2117611
2464:11 June
2458:Variety
2123:3886907
2114:1289723
2031:1286364
2022:1884721
1972:1286364
1963:1884721
1821:5341871
1777:1599158
1677:8046726
1668:1294650
1586:29 July
1557:1955429
1509:9373800
1466:8780072
1401:8056683
1136:was an
1113:Quit It
999:Twitter
983:YouTube
925:censure
905:Singer
898:) with
338:driver
318:player
305:Olympic
299:player
110:genetic
4685:Hichki
4581:People
4501:PANDAS
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1126:. The
1047:TikTok
956:hiccup
951:Hichki
938:film,
876:stars
568:Quincy
560:, and
515:social
464:Mozart
336:NASCAR
330:rider
256:, 2003
244:Others
4663:Media
4459:Terms
4256:S2CID
4086:(PDF)
4070:here.
4057:S2CID
3876:Brain
3802:S2CID
3774:(PDF)
3703:S2CID
3053:S2CID
2997:S2CID
2520:6 May
1916:S2CID
1513:S2CID
1470:S2CID
1397:S2CID
1185:81–85
1035:et al
1023:DSM-5
960:Hindi
608:NPR's
581:Oprah
4720:Maze
4428:Main
4368:2021
4248:PMID
4167:PMID
4118:PMID
4049:PMID
3999:PMID
3958:PMID
3912:See
3904:PMID
3853:PMID
3794:PMID
3752:PMID
3695:PMID
3660:PMID
3611:PMID
3557:ISBN
3441:ISBN
3281:2007
3255:2007
3190:ISBN
3109:PMID
3093:JAMA
3045:PMID
2989:PMID
2935:PMID
2855:PMID
2790:PMID
2723:PMID
2601:2022
2570:2022
2548:2023
2522:2023
2494:2022
2466:2020
2119:PMID
2027:PMID
1968:PMID
1908:PMID
1898:ISBN
1863:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1817:PMID
1782:PMID
1731:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1673:PMID
1606:ISBN
1588:2007
1562:PMID
1505:PMID
1462:PMID
1427:PMID
1389:PMID
1354:PMID
1315:ISBN
1284:PMID
1218:PMID
1189:ISBN
1057:The
1017:and
944:. A
771:and
703:Maze
363:jazz
134:ADHD
46:tics
4516:Tic
4240:doi
4157:PMC
4149:doi
4108:PMC
4098:doi
4039:PMC
4031:doi
3989:doi
3985:106
3948:PMC
3940:doi
3894:PMC
3884:doi
3880:145
3843:PMC
3833:doi
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3742:PMC
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3642:doi
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3097:253
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2780:PMC
2772:doi
2713:doi
2356:BBC
2109:PMC
2101:doi
2017:PMC
2007:doi
2003:305
1999:BMJ
1958:PMC
1950:doi
1946:305
1942:BMJ
1890:doi
1809:doi
1772:PMC
1764:doi
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1663:PMC
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