2365:
2342:
1561:, which enables rock salt to flow freely out of the gritting vehicles despite being stockpiled prior to use. In recent years this additive has also been used in table salt. Other additives had been used in road salt to reduce the total costs. For example, in the US, a byproduct carbohydrate solution from sugar-beet processing was mixed with rock salt and adhered to road surfaces about 40% better than loose rock salt alone. Because it stayed on the road longer, the treatment did not have to be repeated several times, saving time and money.
1850:
7279:
406:
251:
2319:
8508:
2392:
860:
7261:
8472:
1612:, vehicle spraying, and windblown salt also affect soil, roadside vegetation, and local surface water and groundwater supplies. Although evidence of environmental loading of salt has been found during peak usage, the spring rains and thaws usually dilute the concentrations of sodium in the area where salt was applied. A 2009 study found that approximately 70% of the road salt being applied in the
1927:
1858:
1538:
7270:
67:
8496:
863:
1729:(the elastic protein-water complex in certain doughs) and as a flavor enhancer, such as a topping on baked goods. The food-processing category also contains grain mill products. These products consist of milling flour and rice and manufacturing cereal breakfast food and blended or prepared flour. Salt is also used a seasoning agent, e.g. in potato chips,
8484:
51:
3433:
865:
1012:
1978:
1782:
1420:
In textiles and dyeing, salt is used as a brine rinse to separate organic contaminants, to promote "salting out" of dyestuff precipitates, and to blend with concentrated dyes to increase yield in dyebaths and make the colors look sharper. One of its main roles is to provide the positive ion charge to
1720:
In many dairy industries, salt is added to cheese as a color-, fermentation-, and texture-control agent. The dairy subsector includes companies that manufacture creamery butter, condensed and evaporated milk, frozen desserts, ice cream, natural and processed cheese, and specialty dairy products. In
1416:
of the drilling fluid to overcome high downwell gas pressures. Whenever a drill hits a salt formation, salt is added to the drilling fluid to saturate the solution in order to minimize the dissolution within the salt stratum. Salt is also used to increase the curing of concrete in cemented casings.
2016:
The pH of a sodium chloride solution remains ≈7 due to the extremely weak basicity of the Cl ion, which is the conjugate base of the strong acid HCl. In other words, NaCl has no effect on system pH in diluted solutions where the effects of ionic strength and activity coefficients are negligible.
1337:
This electrolysis is conducted in either a mercury cell, a diaphragm cell, or a membrane cell. Each of those uses a different method to separate the chlorine from the sodium hydroxide. Other technologies are under development due to the high energy consumption of the electrolysis, whereby small
1833:– when exposed to the water in ambient air, they gradually cover with "frost". This limits application of NaCl to dry environments, vacuum-sealed areas, or short-term uses such as prototyping. Materials that are mechanically stronger and less sensitive to moisture, such as
1585:
application, because trapped salts cause great problems in adhesion. Naval authorities and ship builders monitor the salt concentrations on surfaces during construction. Maximal salt concentrations on surfaces are dependent on the authority and application. The
1525:
of salt in water), which prevents bonding between the snow-ice and the road surface. This procedure obviates the heavy use of salt after the snowfall. For de-icing, mixtures of brine and salt are used, sometimes with additional agents such as
1907:(fcc) lattice with a two-atom basis or as two interpenetrating face centered cubic lattices. The first atom is located at each lattice point, and the second atom is located halfway between lattice points along the fcc unit cell edge.
1910:
Solid sodium chloride has a melting point of 801 °C and liquid sodium chloride boils at 1465 °C. Atomic-resolution real-time video imaging allows visualization of the initial stage of crystal nucleation of sodium chloride.
1481:
Salt also is added to secure the soil and to provide firmness to the foundation on which highways are built. The salt acts to minimize the effects of shifting caused in the subsurface by changes in humidity and traffic load.
1918:
of sodium chloride as a function of temperature has a maximum of 2.03 W/(cm K) at 8 K (−265.15 °C; −445.27 °F) and decreases to 0.069 at 314 K (41 °C; 106 °F). It also decreases with
1725:. It also is used as a carrier for other ingredients, dehydrating agent, enzyme inhibitor and tenderizer. In baking, salt is added to control the rate of fermentation in bread dough. It also is used to strengthen the
1670:, baking, dairy, and grain mill products. Salt is added to promote color development in bacon, ham and other processed meat products. As a preservative, salt inhibits the growth of bacteria. Salt acts as a binder in
3259:
Zhang, W.; Oganov, A. R.; Goncharov, A. F.; Zhu, Q.; Boulfelfel, S. E.; Lyakhov, A. O.; Stavrou, E.; Somayazulu, M.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Konôpková, Z. (2013). "Unexpected Stable
Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides".
1564:
In the technical terms of physical chemistry, the minimum freezing point of a water-salt mixture is −21.12 °C (−6.02 °F) for 23.31 wt% of salt. Freezing near this concentration is however so slow that the
1332:
1666:-control additive, texture-control agent, and color developer. The salt consumption in the food industry is subdivided, in descending order of consumption, into other food processing, meat packers,
1793:
that are used on combustible metal fires, for metals such as magnesium, zirconium, titanium, and lithium (Class D extinguishers). The salt forms an oxygen-excluding crust that smothers the fire.
3216:
Tikhomirova, K. A.; Tantardini, C.; Sukhanova, E. V.; Popov, Z. I.; Evlashin, S. A.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Zhdanov, V. L. (2020). "Exotic Two-Dimensional
Structure: The first case of Hexagonal NaCl".
7043:
2000:. The chloride ions are also strongly solvated, each being surrounded by an average of six molecules of water. Solutions of sodium chloride have very different properties from pure water. The
2341:
1876:
In solid sodium chloride, each ion is surrounded by six ions of the opposite charge as expected on electrostatic grounds. The surrounding ions are located at the vertices of a regular
1829:. They were used in optical components such as windows and lenses, where few non-absorbing alternatives existed in that spectral range. While inexpensive, NaCl crystals are soft and
1161:
In addition to the familiar domestic uses of salt, more dominant applications of the approximately 250 million tonnes per year production (2008 data) include chemicals and de-icing.
2364:
864:
1497:
and contribute to the buildup of a scale or film of alkaline mineral deposits in household and industrial equipment and pipes. Commercial and residential water-softening units use
791:
1025:
8292:
8212:
8028:
7963:
7903:
7831:
7737:
7631:
7501:
7052:
866:
7036:
2308:, the top five producers (in million tonnes) being China (68.0), United States (43.0), India (26.0), Germany (13.0), and Canada (13.0). Salt is also a byproduct of
1992:
When dissolved in water, the sodium chloride framework disintegrates as the Na and Cl ions become surrounded by polar water molecules. These solutions consist of
1590:
regulation is mostly used and sets salt levels to a maximum of 50 mg/m soluble salts measured as sodium chloride. These measurements are done by means of a
5159:
1701:, keeping it from reproducing, a major source of food spoilage. Even though more effective desiccants are available, few are safe for humans to ingest. Many
455:
4601:
7029:
3568:
874:
2233:
Cl and exotic hexagonal NaCl. This indicates that compounds violating chemical intuition are possible, in simple systems under non-ambient conditions.
2318:
2954:
888:
3467:
3200:
3070:
2765:
2693:
759:
8563:
5341:
3144:
Lincoln, S. F.; Richens, D. T. and Sykes, A. G. (2003) "Metal Aqua Ions" Comprehensive
Coordination Chemistry II Volume 1, pp. 515–555.
2304:
of rock salt is also a major source. China is the world's main supplier of salt. In 2017, world production was estimated at 280 million
1587:
8415:
3481:
2225:). The existence of some of them has been experimentally confirmed at high pressures and other conditions: cubic and orthorhombic NaCl
3507:
8315:
2983:
R. D. Shannon (1976). "Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides".
2964:
2932:
2596:
420:
2875:
1204:
4930:
8543:
8533:
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4947:
3500:
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2927:
3561:
8365:
4714:
4682:
2325:
8400:
1608:
of bridge decks, motor vehicles, reinforcement bar and wire, and unprotected steel structures used in road construction.
1348:
Sodium hydroxide is extensively used in many different industries enabling production of paper, soap, and aluminium etc.
1169:
Salt is used, directly or indirectly, in the production of many chemicals, which consume most of the world's production.
1032:
8558:
8548:
1895:
ions (116 pm) fill all the cubic gaps (octahedral voids) between them. This same basic structure is found in many other
363:
1601:) and subsequent increased metal leaching is an ongoing problem throughout North America and European fresh waterways.
7596:
4963:
4357:
4137:
994:
384:
3437:
2812:
1137:. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and
6699:
5686:
4726:
4325:
4278:
4266:
1662:
Salt is added to food, either by the food producer or by the consumer, as a flavor enhancer, preservative, binder,
1134:
1805:
times, people have used salt as a cleansing agent rubbed on household surfaces. It is also used in many brands of
8568:
8355:
8350:
8163:
7531:
6980:
6956:
6865:
4377:
4367:
4206:
3554:
3162:
2254:
2197:
Common salt has a 1:1 molar ratio of sodium and chlorine. In 2013, compounds of sodium and chloride of different
2005:
258:
5656:
5406:
2779:
1849:
8395:
7821:
7591:
7551:
6973:
6872:
6783:
6760:
6722:
6098:
6091:
5704:
5234:
4349:
4309:
3726:
3120:
Water-NaCl phase diagram. Lide, CRC Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics, 86 ed (2005-2006), CRC pages 8-71, 8-116
2536:
Tucker, R. K.; Haegele, M. A. (1971). "Comparative acute oral toxicity of pesticides to six species of birds".
308:
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314:
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4399:
3442:
2893:
2857:
2663:
1596:
1425:
588:
6333:
3412:
3368:
Mason, B. J. (2006). "The role of sea-salt particles as cloud condensation nuclei over the remote oceans".
2711:"Recovery of water and reusable salt solution from reverse osmosis brine in textile industry: A case study"
246:
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5644:
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4222:
4162:
4149:
2422:
1920:
1518:
1501:
to remove ions that cause the hardness. These resins are generated and regenerated using sodium chloride.
1449:
1400:
Sodium chloride is heavily used, so even relatively minor applications can consume massive quantities. In
735:
208:
7456:
7127:
4874:
1861:
NaCl octahedra. The yellow stipples represent the electrostatic force between the ions of opposite charge
1459:
to inhibit microbial activity on the underside of the hides and to attract moisture back into the hides.
8385:
8360:
7998:
7757:
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7601:
7571:
7163:
6894:
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4549:
2297:
697:
156:
83:
35:
7687:
7667:
7340:
1674:
to form a binding gel made up of meat, fat, and moisture. Salt also acts as a flavor enhancer and as a
1338:
improvements in the efficiency can have large economic paybacks. Some applications of chlorine include
7712:
5246:
4503:
4477:
2953:
Waynant, Ronald W.; Ediger, Marwood N. (2000). "Chapter 11: Optical
Materials: Visible and Infrared".
2458:
1577:
Road salt ends up in fresh-water bodies and could harm aquatic plants and animals by disrupting their
8446:
8430:
8055:
7426:
7397:
7278:
7102:
6940:
6901:
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1904:
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1522:
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7200:
7168:
7087:
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6498:
6427:
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6261:
6190:
6076:
5992:
5962:
5939:
5919:
5907:
5892:
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5532:
5454:
5259:
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401:
122:
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8202:
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7611:
7476:
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7287:
7250:
7210:
7189:
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7107:
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6273:
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6022:
5915:
5884:
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5387:
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3994:
3930:
3834:
3826:
3684:
3393:
3303:
3269:
3241:
2830:
2710:
2008:
of salt, and the boiling point of saturated salt solution is near 108.7 °C (227.7 °F).
1993:
1943:
1838:
1531:
1498:
1373:
1146:
970:
168:
7471:
2621:(2002) "Sodium Chloride" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
7382:
1961:
In 2023, it was discovered that under pressure, sodium chloride can form the hydrates NaCl·8.5H
1408:
exploration, salt is an important component of drilling fluids in well drilling. It is used to
8435:
8018:
7918:
7888:
7806:
7546:
7431:
7387:
7335:
7142:
7137:
7069:
6577:
6536:
6529:
6017:
5976:
5877:
5781:
5727:
5551:
5540:
5513:
5443:
5417:
5395:
5366:
5106:
5065:
5019:
4629:
4536:
4515:
4464:
4408:
4290:
4050:
4010:
3978:
3946:
3855:
3650:
3603:
3477:
3350:
3295:
3233:
3196:
3066:
3041:
2960:
2787:
2761:
2689:
2592:
2569:
2561:
2432:
2111:
1896:
1790:
1773:
Sodium chloride is also available as an oral tablet, and is taken to treat low sodium levels.
1767:
1753:
1714:
1694:
1389:
1196:
982:
974:
626:
24:
7566:
3060:
3018:
Nakamuro, Takayuki; Sakakibara, Masaya; Nada, Hiroki; Harano, Koji; Nakamura, Eiichi (2021).
8512:
8500:
8420:
8320:
8250:
8225:
8173:
7606:
7481:
7446:
7367:
7355:
7315:
7220:
7153:
6544:
6479:
6294:
6277:
6212:
6205:
6178:
5771:
5741:
5555:
5509:
5483:
5465:
5382:
4992:
4810:
4794:
4702:
4690:
4661:
4573:
4317:
4058:
3922:
3914:
3871:
3776:
3717:
3679:
3577:
3385:
3342:
3287:
3225:
3145:
3103:
3031:
3000:
2730:
2622:
2553:
2397:
2329:
2242:
2060:
2030:
1698:
1558:
1550:
1527:
1463:
1441:
1381:
1365:
1361:
1192:
1107:
1049:
978:
966:
663:
601:
548:
478:
2919:
1470:, and white rubber types. Salt brine and sulfuric acid are used to coagulate an emulsified
372:
8108:
8083:
7782:
7621:
7561:
7541:
7461:
7345:
7245:
7215:
7122:
7112:
6582:
6299:
6173:
5435:
5272:
5090:
5045:
5032:
5001:
4770:
4617:
4254:
4242:
4038:
4026:
3818:
3810:
3785:
3731:
3703:
3667:
3626:
3598:
3515:
3497:
2277:
1429:
951:
939:
277:
228:
132:
3531:
2709:
Partal, Recep; Basturk, Irfan; Murat
Hocaoglu, Selda; Baban, Ahmet; Yilmaz, Ecem (2022).
3541:
3381:
3338:
3283:
3099:
2996:
2726:
2549:
1521:. In anticipation of snowfall, roads are optimally "anti-iced" with brine (concentrated
188:
8345:
8310:
8093:
7983:
7948:
7933:
7868:
7863:
7762:
7662:
7581:
7556:
7521:
7466:
7441:
7310:
7158:
5521:
5502:
5122:
5081:
5014:
4822:
4738:
4585:
4531:
4490:
4472:
4089:
4081:
3902:
3890:
3847:
3839:
3751:
3689:
3642:
3616:
2437:
2371:
2001:
1900:
1706:
1690:
1609:
1578:
1566:
1385:
1357:
1103:
1003:
943:
639:
405:
250:
8527:
8375:
8230:
8113:
8088:
8069:
8013:
7893:
7851:
7846:
7586:
7576:
7536:
7411:
7305:
7260:
7235:
7117:
7097:
6601:
5927:
5221:
4673:
3863:
3621:
3397:
3245:
3149:
3132:"Newly discovered form of salty ice could exist on surface of extraterrestrial moons"
2557:
2333:
2198:
1986:
1985:
The attraction between the Na and Cl ions in the solid is so strong that only highly
1881:
1834:
1818:
1740:-causing agent. It is given as warm saturated solution. Emesis can also be caused by
1702:
1433:
1342:
947:
716:
537:
527:
239:
7021:
3307:
8451:
8305:
8158:
8098:
8078:
8050:
7978:
7858:
7841:
7796:
7747:
7652:
7372:
7325:
7173:
5208:
4984:
3768:
3760:
3658:
2171:
1722:
1409:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
680:
2626:
1545:
Salt for de-icing in the United
Kingdom predominantly comes from a single mine in
19:
This article is about the chemical. For its familiar form, common table salt, see
3086:
Klewe, B; Pedersen (1974). "The crystal structure of sodium chloride dihydrate".
2920:"Evaluation of a New Liquid Fire-Extinguishing Agent for Combustible Metal Fires"
336:
8425:
8335:
8300:
8267:
8193:
8168:
8008:
7913:
7883:
7767:
7682:
7672:
7402:
7330:
6996:
5602:
4337:
3229:
2684:
Caenn, Ryen; Darley, H. C. H.; Gray, George Robert; Gray, George Robert (2011).
2406:
2281:
2161:
2151:
2121:
2070:
1947:
1931:
1763:
1758:
Sodium chloride is used together with water as one of the primary solutions for
1686:
1591:
1456:
1405:
1122:
914:
647:
1537:
1534:. The use of salt or brine becomes ineffective below −10 °C (14 °F).
8340:
8282:
8245:
8220:
8118:
7928:
7791:
6617:
6593:
5289:
3107:
3004:
2735:
2387:
2293:
2141:
1877:
1830:
1675:
1490:
573:
559:
489:
219:
3354:
3322:
2791:
2565:
8272:
8137:
7973:
7777:
7657:
7511:
7486:
3473:
3291:
2309:
2301:
2262:
2131:
2040:
1997:
1926:
1857:
1682:
1605:
1475:
1401:
1142:
1130:
3389:
3299:
3237:
3059:
Sirdeshmukh, Dinker B.; Sirdeshmukh, Lalitha & Subhadra, K. G. (2001).
3045:
2573:
1581:
ability. The omnipresence of salt in coastal areas poses a problem in any
1569:
of −22.4 °C (−8.3 °F) can be reached with about 25 wt% of salt.
8240:
8152:
7953:
7816:
7801:
7772:
7641:
7416:
7240:
7184:
7178:
7147:
7092:
7060:
7004:
5749:
5351:
3036:
3019:
2427:
2355:
2285:
2250:
2091:
2050:
1885:
1822:
1802:
1629:
1546:
1514:
1467:
1437:
1188:
1138:
1118:
887:
880:
873:
846:
577:
3323:"Physical Chemistry of Airborne Sea Salt Particles and Their Components"
8405:
8235:
8188:
8147:
8103:
8045:
8040:
8003:
7993:
7988:
7943:
7938:
7878:
7811:
7702:
7697:
7647:
7526:
7516:
7269:
6988:
6629:
6609:
3179:
Neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base gives a neutral salt.
2375:
2181:
2101:
2081:
1806:
1741:
1730:
1710:
1671:
1667:
1645:
1582:
1510:
1413:
1150:
563:
517:
323:
259:
66:
50:
3346:
2918:
Bagot, Keith; Subbotin, Nicholas; Kalberer, Jennifer (November 2006).
8456:
8277:
8259:
7722:
7692:
7194:
2416:
2351:
2347:
2246:
1892:
1737:
1726:
1637:
1445:
1126:
1114:
199:
57:
28:
3020:"Capturing the Moment of Emergence of Crystal Nucleus from Disorder"
2688:(6th ed.). Amsterdam ; Boston, MA: Gulf Professional Pub.
1809:, toothpaste, and popularly to de-ice driveways and patches of ice.
1244:
1002:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
3546:
3321:
Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J.; Hemminger, John C. (1 December 2000).
1977:
1891:(167 pm in size) are arranged in a cubic array whereas the smaller
1789:
Sodium chloride is the principal extinguishing agent in dry-powder
297:
7491:
7421:
4416:
3274:
2305:
2289:
2258:
1976:
1925:
1856:
1848:
1826:
1780:
1641:
1536:
1493:
contains calcium and magnesium ions that interfere with action of
1471:
1369:
347:
179:
155:
145:
2201:
have been discovered; five new compounds were predicted (e.g., Na
881:
2959:. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. p. 11.20.
2411:
1781:
1705:
cannot live in a salty environment: water is drawn out of their
1657:
1633:
1625:
1494:
1099:
507:
288:
20:
7025:
5323:
3550:
2813:"Saltier waterways are creating dangerous 'chemical cocktails'"
2265:
2253:
particles in the atmosphere. These particles are the dominant
1888:
1377:
1339:
1327:{\displaystyle {\ce {2 NaCl + 2 H2O -> Cl2 + H2 + 2 NaOH}}}
960:
933:
72:
Crystal structure with sodium in purple and chloride in green
2858:"Turning to beet juice and beer to address road salt danger"
2686:
Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids
1084:
389:
2025:(g NaCl / 1 kg of solvent at 25 °C (77 °F))
1942:
From cold (sub-freezing) solutions, salt crystallises with
1903:
or rock salt crystal structure. It can be represented as a
1697:
historically; the salt draws water out of bacteria through
1421:
promote the absorption of negatively charged ions of dyes.
1087:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1744:
placement of small amount of plain salt or salt crystals.
1721:
canning, salt is primarily added as a flavor enhancer and
1455:
In tanning and leather treatment, salt is added to animal
1310:
1294:
1233:
858:
3420:
U.S. Geological Survey, 2018 Mineral
Commodity Summaries
1553:. Prior to distribution it is mixed with <100 ppm of
1020:
1996:
with the formula , with the Na–O distance of 250
3370:
Quarterly
Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
1207:
1078:
1055:
1052:
1090:
1081:
1061:
8291:
8211:
8136:
8027:
7962:
7902:
7830:
7736:
7630:
7500:
7286:
7068:
7059:
4983:
4302:
4074:
3883:
3798:
3744:
3635:
3591:
3584:
2831:"Most Road Salt Is Making It into Lakes And Rivers"
2249:(rock salt), and a tiny amount exists as suspended
1825:
light having wavelengths in the range 0.2– 18
1604:In highway de-icing, salt has been associated with
1075:
1070:
1736:Sodium chloride is used in veterinary medicine as
1636:juice instead of road salt. Airlines utilize more
1326:
1149:. Another major application of sodium chloride is
3508:"Using Salt and Sand for Winter Road Maintenance"
3062:Alkali halides: a handbook of physical properties
1938:O. (red = O, white = H, green = Cl, purple = Na).
1380:, as well as a myriad of other chemicals. In the
1121:ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle,
1384:, sodium chloride is used for the production of
1368:. Sodium carbonate, in turn, is used to produce
532:800.7 °C (1,473.3 °F; 1,073.8 K)
335:
2591:(3rd ed.), Longman, pp. 143 and 755,
2354:salt evaporation ponds at the south end of the
1616:metro area is retained in the local watershed.
1129:. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a
862:
131:
2758:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2671:U.S. Geological Survey, 2008 Minerals Yearbook
1785:A class-D fire extinguisher for various metals
7037:
5335:
3562:
2876:"EASA Cautions on Organic Salt Deicing Fluid"
2257:far out at sea, which allow the formation of
2004:is −21.12 °C (−6.02 °F) for 23.31%
1717:some foods, such as bacon, fish, or cabbage.
8:
1509:The second major application of salt is for
1462:In rubber manufacture, salt is used to make
542:1,465 °C (2,669 °F; 1,738 K)
2837:. University of Minnesota. 20 February 2009
34:"NaCl" redirects here. For other uses, see
7065:
7044:
7030:
7022:
5342:
5328:
5320:
3588:
3569:
3555:
3547:
2978:
2976:
404:
249:
227:
42:
3273:
3218:The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
3035:
2734:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
1853:Sodium chloride crystal under microscope.
1594:. Salinization (increasing salinity, aka
1345:production, disinfectants, and solvents.
1319:
1309:
1304:
1293:
1288:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1208:
1206:
371:
6966:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4360:
3024:Journal of the American Chemical Society
2657:
2655:
2229:, two-dimensional metallic tetragonal Na
2019:
1953:
1821:of at least 90% (through 1 mm) for
2778:Rastogi, Nina Shen (16 February 2010).
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2450:
2314:
460:
425:
400:
313:
5372:
5350:Salts and covalent derivatives of the
240:
56:Sodium chloride crystals in a form of
6672:
3469:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
2748:
2746:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2419:, the mineral form of sodium chloride
2193:Stoichiometric and structure variants
1644:rather than salt-based solutions for
1541:Mounds of road salt for use in winter
1153:of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
432:Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M
207:
187:
7:
5362:
3536:densities, molarities and molalities
1187:, the industrial process to produce
831:
821:
811:
801:
3327:The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
2894:"Sodium Chloride for oral solution"
2760:, 5th ed. Vol. A24, Wiley, p. 319,
2662:Kostick, Dennis S. (October 2010).
2538:Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
1981:Phase diagram of water–NaCl mixture
442:Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-REWHXWOFAE
326:
296:
16:Chemical compound with formula NaCl
8416:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
3411:Bolen, Wallace P. (January 2018).
3163:"Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Salts"
1713:. For this reason salt is used to
14:
8316:Atomic and molecular astrophysics
7053:Molecules detected in outer space
3538:of aqueous NaCl (and other salts)
2933:U.S. Department of Transportation
1513:and anti-icing of roads, both in
1183:It is the starting point for the
23:. For the medical solutions, see
8506:
8494:
8482:
8471:
8470:
7277:
7268:
7259:
3466:Haynes, William M., ed. (2011).
3436: This article incorporates
3431:
2589:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
2459:"Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Crystal"
2390:
2363:
2340:
2317:
1817:Sodium chloride crystals have a
1448:chemical that is widely used to
1048:
1010:
65:
49:
8441:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
3514:. December 1997. Archived from
3501:United States Geological Survey
3452:United States Geological Survey
2928:Federal Aviation Administration
2012:pH of sodium chloride solutions
1989:like water dissolve NaCl well.
1681:It is used as a cheap and safe
1624:Some agencies are substituting
1356:Sodium chloride is used in the
1006:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
3150:10.1016/B0-08-043748-6/01055-0
1841:, more widely used than NaCl.
1113:, representing a 1:1 ratio of
1:
8366:Extraterrestrial liquid water
3065:. Springer. pp. 65, 68.
2627:10.1002/14356007.a24_317.pub4
1899:and is commonly known as the
1652:Food industry and agriculture
1436:and a reducing agent such as
1432:, which is then reacted with
1396:Miscellaneous industrial uses
429:InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
2715:Water Resources and Industry
2558:10.1016/0041-008x(71)90088-3
1428:, it is used to manufacture
1125:, and occurs as the mineral
439:InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
8564:Rock salt crystal structure
7597:Protonated hydrogen cyanide
3230:10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00874
3195:. New York: Ellis Horwood.
2324:Modern rock salt mine near
995:Sodium chloride (data page)
903:or concentration (LD, LC):
8587:
6674:
3503:Statistics and Information
3130:University of Washington.
1869:
1751:
1655:
1176:
494:58.443 g/mol
33:
18:
8465:
8356:Earliest known life forms
8351:Diffuse interstellar band
7822:Protonated cyanoacetylene
7592:Protonated carbon dioxide
7552:Hydromagnesium isocyanide
7257:
5374:
5359:
3167:Flinn Scientific Chem Fax
3108:10.1107/S0567740874007138
3005:10.1107/S0567739476001551
2736:10.1016/j.wri.2022.100174
2255:cloud condensation nuclei
2022:
1000:
993:
988:
925:
899:
840:
784:
709:
619:
502:Colorless cubic crystals
471:
451:
416:
115:
98:common salt, regular salt
92:
82:
77:
64:
48:
8401:Iron–sulfur world theory
8396:Photodissociation region
8099:Methyl-cyano-diacetylene
2412:Edible salt (table salt)
1733:, and cat and dog food.
989:Supplementary data page
8476:Category:Astrochemistry
8066:, fullerene, buckyball)
7753:Cyanobutadiynyl radical
7728:Silicon-carbide cluster
7718:Protonated formaldehyde
3512:Road Management Journal
3292:10.1126/science.1244989
2956:Electro-optics Handbook
2587:Wells, John C. (2008),
1693:an effective method of
1597:freshwater salinization
1519:winter service vehicles
1426:pulp and paper industry
589:Magnetic susceptibility
27:. For the mineral, see
8544:Deliquescent materials
8534:Alkali metal chlorides
8489:Outer space portal
8331:Circumstellar envelope
7296:Aluminium(I) hydroxide
7206:Phosphorus mononitride
7083:Aluminium monofluoride
7078:Aluminium monochloride
3438:public domain material
3390:10.1002/qj.49712757609
3193:Metal Ions in Solution
2423:Health effects of salt
1982:
1939:
1862:
1854:
1786:
1542:
1474:made from chlorinated
1328:
869:
673: = 564.02 pm
8386:Interplanetary medium
8361:Extraterrestrial life
7999:Octatetraynyl radical
7617:Tricarbon monosulfide
7164:Magnesium monohydride
2241:Salt is found in the
1980:
1950:(the dihydrate NaCl·2
1929:
1880:. In the language of
1866:Solid sodium chloride
1860:
1852:
1784:
1573:Environmental effects
1540:
1329:
1173:Chlor-alkali industry
868:
698:Coordination geometry
36:NaCl (disambiguation)
8513:Chemistry portal
8501:Astronomy portal
8447:RNA world hypothesis
8431:PAH world hypothesis
8124:Heptatrienyl radical
8056:Buckminsterfullerene
7944:Methylcyanoacetylene
7452:Silicon carbonitride
7427:Methylidynephosphane
7393:Magnesium isocyanide
7301:Aluminium isocyanide
7103:Carbon monophosphide
3518:on 21 September 2016
3037:10.1021/jacs.0c12100
2835:www.sciencedaily.com
1930:View of one slab of
1916:Thermal conductivity
1872:Cubic crystal system
1839:chalcogenide glasses
1205:
1098:, commonly known as
921:3 g/kg (oral, rats)
851:(fire diamond)
104:table salt, sea salt
8559:Ophthalmology drugs
8549:Household chemicals
8391:Interstellar medium
8371:Forbidden mechanism
8184:Hydrogen isocyanide
7874:Hexatriynyl radical
7457:c-Silicon dicarbide
7362:Hydrogen isocyanide
7226:Silicon monosulfide
7201:Phosphorus monoxide
7169:Methylidyne radical
7128:Fluoromethylidynium
7088:Aluminium(II) oxide
3382:2001QJRMS.127.2023M
3339:2000JPCA..10411463F
3333:(49): 11463–11477.
3284:2013Sci...342.1502Z
3268:(6165): 1502–1505.
3191:Burgess, J (1978).
3100:1974AcCrB..30.2363K
2997:1976AcCrA..32..751S
2780:"Salting the Earth"
2727:2022WRI....2700174P
2550:1971ToxAP..20...57T
1905:face-centered cubic
1760:intravenous therapy
1689:properties, making
1614:Minneapolis-St Paul
1555:sodium ferrocyanide
1499:ion-exchange resins
1312:
1296:
1281:
1235:
1195:, according to the
1185:chloralkali process
1179:Chloralkali process
632:Face-centered cubic
615:1.5441 (at 589 nm)
549:Solubility in water
169:Beilstein Reference
45:
8411:Molecules in stars
8381:Intergalactic dust
8326:Circumstellar dust
8268:Naphthalene cation
8203:Trihydrogen cation
8179:Hydrogen deuteride
8104:Methyltriacetylene
7939:Hexapentaenylidene
7758:E-Cyanomethanimine
7678:Cyclopropenylidene
7612:Tricarbon monoxide
7602:Silicon tricarbide
7572:Methylene amidogen
7562:Isothiocyanic acid
7477:Thioxoethenylidene
7437:Trihydrogen cation
7251:Titanium(II) oxide
7211:Potassium chloride
7190:Sulfur mononitride
7133:Helium hydride ion
7108:Carbon monosulfide
2985:Acta Crystallogr A
2882:. 9 December 2016.
2617:Westphal, Gisbert
2276:Salt is currently
2023:Solubility of NaCl
1994:metal aquo complex
1983:
1944:water of hydration
1940:
1863:
1855:
1791:fire extinguishers
1787:
1543:
1532:magnesium chloride
1374:sodium bicarbonate
1324:
1300:
1284:
1223:
1165:Chemical functions
1147:chemical syntheses
1141:compounds used as
1033:Infobox references
971:Potassium chloride
926:Related compounds
870:
43:
8521:
8520:
8436:Pseudo-panspermia
8132:
8131:
8079:Cyanodecapentayne
8019:N-Methylformamide
7994:Methyldiacetylene
7919:Aminoacetonitrile
7889:Methyl isocyanate
7807:Methyl isocyanide
7688:Isocyanoacetylene
7668:Cyanoformaldehyde
7547:Hydrogen peroxide
7432:Potassium cyanide
7388:Magnesium cyanide
7341:Disilicon carbide
7336:Dicarbon monoxide
7143:Hydrogen fluoride
7138:Hydrogen chloride
7019:
7018:
7013:
7012:
5317:
5316:
4979:
4978:
3472:(92nd ed.).
3347:10.1021/jp002968n
3224:(10): 3821–3827.
3202:978-0-85312-027-8
3094:(10): 2363–2371.
3072:978-3-540-42180-1
2766:978-3-527-20124-2
2695:978-0-12-383858-2
2433:Salting the earth
2190:
2189:
2112:Dimethylformamide
1973:Aqueous solutions
1766:often contains a
1754:Saline (medicine)
1695:food preservation
1412:and increase the
1390:hydrochloric acid
1352:Soda-ash industry
1322:
1303:
1287:
1282:
1238:
1226:
1215:
1197:chemical equation
1135:food preservative
1041:Chemical compound
1039:
1038:
983:Francium chloride
975:Rubidium chloride
705:octahedral at Cl
627:Crystal structure
385:CompTox Dashboard
157:Interactive image
101:halite, rock salt
25:Saline (medicine)
8576:
8569:Sodium compounds
8511:
8510:
8509:
8499:
8498:
8497:
8487:
8486:
8485:
8474:
8473:
8421:Organic compound
8321:Chemical formula
8226:Dihydroxyacetone
8174:Hydrogen cyanide
7859:Cyanodiacetylene
7713:Propadienylidene
7607:Thioformaldehyde
7482:Titanium dioxide
7447:Sodium hydroxide
7368:Hydrogen sulfide
7356:Hydrogen cyanide
7316:Carbonyl sulfide
7281:
7272:
7263:
7221:Silicon monoxide
7154:Hydroxyl radical
7066:
7046:
7039:
7032:
7023:
6969:
5363:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5321:
4387:
4373:
4363:
4075:Oxypnictogenides
3884:Oxychalcogenides
3589:
3578:Sodium compounds
3571:
3564:
3557:
3548:
3532:surface tensions
3527:
3525:
3523:
3487:
3455:
3449:
3435:
3434:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3376:(576): 2023–32.
3365:
3359:
3358:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3277:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3159:
3153:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3088:Acta Crystallogr
3083:
3077:
3076:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3030:(4): 1763–1767.
3015:
3009:
3008:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2898:Cleveland Clinic
2890:
2884:
2883:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2856:Casey, Michael.
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2775:
2769:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2659:
2630:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2461:. PhysicsOpenLab
2455:
2400:
2398:Chemistry portal
2395:
2394:
2393:
2370:Mounds of salt,
2367:
2344:
2321:
2061:Propylene glycol
2020:
1957:
1699:osmotic pressure
1559:anticaking agent
1528:calcium chloride
1450:bleach wood pulp
1442:chlorine dioxide
1382:Mannheim process
1366:calcium chloride
1362:sodium carbonate
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1311:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1224:
1213:
1193:sodium hydroxide
1108:chemical formula
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1013:
979:Caesium chloride
967:Lithium chloride
890:
883:
876:
861:
835:
825:
815:
805:
780:−411.120 kJ/mol
776:
753:72.10 J/(K·mol)
749:
725:
710:Thermochemistry
703:octahedral at Na
664:Lattice constant
656:
602:Refractive index
595:−30.2·10 cm/mol
479:Chemical formula
409:
408:
393:
391:
375:
339:
328:
317:
300:
278:Gmelin Reference
261:
253:
242:
231:
211:
191:
159:
135:
69:
53:
46:
44:Sodium chloride
8586:
8585:
8579:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8573:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8517:
8507:
8505:
8495:
8493:
8483:
8481:
8461:
8287:
8263:
8254:
8207:
8197:
8140:
8128:
8109:Propionaldehyde
8084:Ethylene glycol
8073:
8065:
8061:
8032:
8030:
8023:
7979:Cyanohexatriyne
7965:
7958:
7905:
7898:
7833:
7826:
7786:
7739:
7732:
7703:Methoxy radical
7633:
7626:
7622:Thiocyanic acid
7503:
7496:
7406:
7346:Ethynyl radical
7282:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7264:
7255:
7246:Sulfur monoxide
7231:Sodium chloride
7216:Silicon carbide
7123:Diatomic carbon
7113:Carbon monoxide
7055:
7050:
7020:
7015:
7014:
7008:
7000:
6992:
6984:
6979:
6977:
6968:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6952:
6944:
6936:
6931:
6929:
6921:
6913:
6905:
6900:
6898:
6893:
6891:
6886:
6884:
6876:
6871:
6869:
6861:
6856:
6854:
6846:
6833:
6828:
6826:
6818:
6813:
6811:
6803:
6795:
6787:
6782:
6780:
6772:
6764:
6756:
6751:
6749:
6741:
6736:
6734:
6726:
6718:
6713:
6711:
6703:
6695:
6687:
6633:
6625:
6621:
6613:
6605:
6597:
6586:
6563:
6558:
6556:
6548:
6540:
6535:
6533:
6525:
6520:
6513:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6494:
6489:
6487:
6482:
6475:
6470:
6468:
6460:
6455:
6453:
6448:
6446:
6438:
6433:
6431:
6426:
6424:
6419:
6417:
6409:
6404:
6402:
6397:
6395:
6390:
6388:
6380:
6375:
6373:
6368:
6366:
6361:
6359:
6354:
6352:
6344:
6339:
6337:
6332:
6330:
6322:
6314:
6303:
6288:
6283:
6281:
6276:
6269:
6264:
6257:
6252:
6250:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6231:
6226:
6224:
6216:
6211:
6209:
6201:
6196:
6194:
6189:
6182:
6169:
6161:
6153:
6148:
6146:
6141:
6139:
6131:
6126:
6124:
6116:
6111:
6109:
6104:
6102:
6097:
6095:
6090:
6088:
6080:
6075:
6073:
6068:
6066:
6058:
6053:
6051:
6046:
6044:
6036:
6026:
6003:
5998:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5975:
5973:
5968:
5966:
5958:
5953:
5951:
5943:
5938:
5931:
5923:
5918:
5911:
5903:
5898:
5896:
5888:
5883:
5881:
5873:
5868:
5866:
5858:
5853:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5836:
5831:
5829:
5824:
5822:
5817:
5815:
5807:
5802:
5800:
5795:
5793:
5785:
5775:
5770:
5753:
5745:
5740:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5720:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5701:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5682:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5652:
5647:
5640:
5622:
5617:
5615:
5610:
5601:
5599:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5561:
5559:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5536:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5506:
5501:
5499:
5491:
5486:
5482:
5480:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5439:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5391:
5355:
5348:
5318:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5267:
5263:
5254:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5229:
5225:
5216:
5212:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5154:
5146:
5142:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5085:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5040:
5036:
5027:
5023:
5009:
5005:
4996:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4926:
4922:
4914:
4910:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4842:
4838:
4830:
4826:
4818:
4814:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4786:
4778:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4734:
4730:
4722:
4718:
4710:
4706:
4698:
4694:
4686:
4677:
4669:
4665:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4540:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4507:
4499:
4486:
4468:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4412:
4403:
4395:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4345:
4341:
4333:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4298:
4294:
4286:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4262:
4258:
4250:
4246:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4186:
4182:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4157:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3879:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3794:
3789:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3755:
3740:
3735:
3721:
3707:
3693:
3675:
3671:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3631:
3607:
3580:
3575:
3521:
3519:
3506:
3494:
3484:
3465:
3462:
3447:
3441:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3172:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3017:
3016:
3012:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2751:
2744:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2633:
2616:
2605:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2379:
2368:
2359:
2345:
2336:
2322:
2274:
2245:as the mineral
2239:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:stoichiometries
2195:
2024:
2014:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1951:
1937:
1874:
1868:
1847:
1815:
1813:Infrared optics
1801:Since at least
1799:
1779:
1756:
1750:
1685:because of its
1660:
1654:
1622:
1575:
1507:
1488:
1486:Water softening
1440:to manufacture
1430:sodium chlorate
1424:For use in the
1398:
1354:
1203:
1202:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1074:
1051:
1047:
1045:Sodium chloride
1042:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1028: ?)
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
981:
977:
973:
969:
963:
952:Sodium astatide
950:
946:
942:
940:Sodium fluoride
936:
918:
912:
895:
894:
893:
892:
885:
878:
871:
867:
859:
794:
777:
774:
768:
764:
761:
760:Std enthalpy of
750:
747:
740:
737:
729:50.5 J/(K·mol)
726:
719:
704:
700:
688:
674:
666:
654:
650:
633:
629:
612:
610:
592:
554:360 g/L (25°C)
551:
481:
467:
464:
459:
458:
447:
444:
443:
440:
434:
433:
430:
424:
423:
412:
394:
387:
378:
358:
342:
329:
315:Sodium+chloride
303:
280:
271:
234:
214:
194:
171:
162:
149:
138:
125:
111:
110:
88:
87:Sodium chloride
73:
70:
60:
54:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8584:
8583:
8580:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8526:
8525:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8515:
8503:
8491:
8479:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8346:Cosmochemistry
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8311:Astrochemistry
8308:
8303:
8297:
8295:
8289:
8288:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8252:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8217:
8215:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8164:Formyl radical
8161:
8156:
8150:
8144:
8142:
8134:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8094:Methyl acetate
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8037:
8035:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7984:Dimethyl ether
7981:
7976:
7970:
7968:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7949:Methyl formate
7946:
7941:
7936:
7934:Glycolaldehyde
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7910:
7908:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7869:Glycolonitrile
7866:
7864:Ethylene oxide
7861:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7844:
7838:
7836:
7828:
7827:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7763:Cyclopropenone
7760:
7755:
7750:
7744:
7742:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7663:Cyanoacetylene
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7638:
7636:
7628:
7627:
7625:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7582:Methyl radical
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7557:Isocyanic acid
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7522:Isocyanic acid
7519:
7514:
7508:
7506:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7467:Sulfur dioxide
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7442:Sodium cyanide
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7359:
7353:
7351:Formyl radical
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7311:Carbon dioxide
7308:
7303:
7298:
7292:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7159:Iron(II) oxide
7156:
7151:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7074:
7072:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7026:
7017:
7016:
7011:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6975:
6971:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6927:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6835:
6831:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6778:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6716:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6642:
6639:
6636:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6565:
6561:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6485:
6477:
6473:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6279:
6271:
6267:
6259:
6255:
6248:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6192:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6005:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5971:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5673:
5669:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5613:
5605:
5597:
5590:
5586:
5579:
5575:
5568:
5564:
5557:
5546:
5542:
5534:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5504:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5478:
5471:
5467:
5460:
5456:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5430:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5324:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3528:
3504:
3493:
3492:External links
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:978-1439855119
3482:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3426:
3425:
3403:
3360:
3313:
3251:
3208:
3201:
3183:
3154:
3137:
3122:
3113:
3078:
3071:
3051:
3010:
2991:(5): 751–767.
2972:
2965:
2945:
2910:
2885:
2867:
2848:
2822:
2804:
2770:
2742:
2701:
2694:
2676:
2631:
2603:
2597:
2579:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2508:Haynes, 10.241
2501:
2492:
2472:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2438:Salt poisoning
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2372:Salar de Uyuni
2369:
2362:
2360:
2346:
2339:
2337:
2323:
2316:
2273:
2270:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2013:
2010:
2002:eutectic point
1987:polar solvents
1974:
1971:
1966:
1965:O and NaCl·13H
1962:
1935:
1901:NaCl structure
1867:
1864:
1846:
1843:
1814:
1811:
1798:
1795:
1778:
1775:
1752:Main article:
1749:
1746:
1703:microorganisms
1656:Main article:
1653:
1650:
1621:
1618:
1610:Surface runoff
1579:osmoregulation
1574:
1571:
1567:eutectic point
1517:and spread by
1506:
1503:
1487:
1484:
1397:
1394:
1386:sodium sulfate
1358:Solvay process
1353:
1350:
1343:thermoplastics
1335:
1334:
1318:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1230:
1221:
1218:
1211:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1104:ionic compound
1040:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1009:
1008:
1004:standard state
1001:
998:
997:
991:
990:
986:
985:
964:
958:
955:
954:
944:Sodium bromide
937:
931:
928:
927:
923:
922:
919:
910:
908:
905:
904:
897:
896:
886:
879:
872:
857:
856:
855:
854:
852:
843:
842:
838:
837:
795:
790:
787:
786:
782:
781:
778:
772:
766:
758:
755:
754:
751:
745:
734:
731:
730:
727:
715:
712:
711:
707:
706:
701:
696:
693:
692:
689:
679:
676:
675:
669:
667:
662:
659:
658:
651:
646:
643:
642:
630:
625:
622:
621:
617:
616:
613:
608:
600:
597:
596:
593:
587:
584:
583:
580:
570:
569:
566:
556:
555:
552:
547:
544:
543:
540:
534:
533:
530:
524:
523:
520:
514:
513:
510:
504:
503:
500:
496:
495:
492:
486:
485:
482:
477:
474:
473:
469:
468:
466:
465:
462:
454:
453:
452:
449:
448:
446:
445:
441:
438:
437:
435:
431:
428:
427:
419:
418:
417:
414:
413:
411:
410:
397:
395:
383:
380:
379:
377:
376:
368:
366:
360:
359:
357:
356:
352:
350:
344:
343:
341:
340:
332:
330:
322:
319:
318:
311:
305:
304:
302:
301:
293:
291:
285:
284:
281:
276:
273:
272:
270:
269:
265:
263:
255:
254:
244:
236:
235:
233:
232:
224:
222:
216:
215:
213:
212:
204:
202:
196:
195:
193:
192:
184:
182:
176:
175:
172:
167:
164:
163:
161:
160:
152:
150:
143:
140:
139:
137:
136:
128:
126:
121:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
95:
94:
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
75:
74:
71:
62:
61:
55:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8582:
8581:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8554:Metal halides
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8531:
8529:
8514:
8504:
8502:
8492:
8490:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8468:
8467:
8464:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8376:Homochirality
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8294:
8290:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8258:
8256:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8231:Methoxyethane
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8139:
8135:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8114:Butyronitrile
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8089:Ethyl formate
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8068:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8026:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8014:Propionitrile
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7961:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7907:
7901:
7895:
7894:Vinyl alcohol
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7853:
7852:Vinyl cyanide
7850:
7849:
7848:
7847:Acrylonitrile
7845:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7835:
7829:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7812:Pentynylidyne
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7735:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7708:Methylenimine
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7629:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7587:Propynylidyne
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7577:Methyl cation
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7537:Fulminic acid
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7499:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7412:Nitrous oxide
7410:
7408:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7306:Amino radical
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7280:
7271:
7262:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7236:Sodium iodide
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7118:Cyano radical
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7098:Carbon cation
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7047:
7042:
7040:
7035:
7033:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7009:
7003:
7001:
6995:
6993:
6987:
6985:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6961:
6955:
6953:
6947:
6945:
6939:
6937:
6930:
6924:
6922:
6916:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6885:
6879:
6877:
6870:
6864:
6862:
6855:
6849:
6847:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6827:
6821:
6819:
6812:
6806:
6804:
6798:
6796:
6790:
6788:
6781:
6775:
6773:
6767:
6765:
6759:
6757:
6750:
6744:
6742:
6735:
6729:
6727:
6721:
6719:
6712:
6706:
6704:
6698:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6628:
6626:
6616:
6614:
6608:
6606:
6600:
6598:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6557:
6551:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6534:
6528:
6526:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6507:
6497:
6495:
6488:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6469:
6463:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6441:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6412:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6383:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6347:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6325:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6234:
6232:
6225:
6219:
6217:
6210:
6204:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6164:
6162:
6156:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6134:
6132:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6074:
6067:
6061:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6029:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5952:
5946:
5944:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5897:
5891:
5889:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5839:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5788:
5786:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5754:
5748:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5685:
5683:
5676:
5665:
5655:
5653:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5582:
5571:
5560:
5553:
5549:
5538:
5530:
5520:
5518:
5511:
5507:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5485:
5481:
5474:
5463:
5452:
5442:
5440:
5433:
5422:
5415:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5358:
5353:
5345:
5340:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5310:
5288:
5286:
5271:
5269:
5258:
5256:
5245:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5220:
5218:
5207:
5205:
5190:
5188:
5174:
5172:
5158:
5156:
5149:
5147:
5137:
5135:
5121:
5119:
5105:
5103:
5089:
5087:
5080:
5078:
5064:
5062:
5044:
5042:
5031:
5029:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5000:
4998:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4946:
4944:
4929:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4885:
4883:
4873:
4871:
4861:
4859:
4845:
4843:
4833:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4793:
4791:
4781:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4753:
4751:
4737:
4735:
4725:
4723:
4713:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4672:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4644:
4642:
4628:
4626:
4616:
4614:
4600:
4598:
4584:
4582:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4447:
4445:
4431:
4429:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4376:
4374:
4366:
4364:
4356:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4253:
4251:
4241:
4239:
4221:
4219:
4205:
4203:
4189:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4161:
4159:
4148:
4146:
4136:
4134:
4124:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4009:
4007:
3993:
3991:
3977:
3975:
3961:
3959:
3945:
3943:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3784:
3782:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:Pnictogenides
3743:
3737:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:Chalcogenides
3634:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:Calculators:
3529:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3460:Cited sources
3459:
3453:
3446:
3445:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2966:0-07-068716-1
2962:
2958:
2957:
2949:
2946:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2914:
2911:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2756:(ed.) (1991)
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2598:9781405881180
2594:
2590:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2517:Haynes, 4.148
2514:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2499:Haynes, 4.135
2496:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2334:United States
2331:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2278:mass-produced
2271:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2261:in otherwise
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:Earth's crust
2236:
2234:
2200:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2006:mass fraction
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1884:, the larger
1883:
1882:close-packing
1879:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:zinc selenide
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:transmittance
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:sulfuric acid
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1316:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1046:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1005:
999:
996:
992:
987:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
965:
962:
957:
956:
953:
949:
948:Sodium iodide
945:
941:
938:
935:
930:
929:
924:
920:
916:
907:
906:
902:
898:
891:
884:
877:
853:
850:
849:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
796:
793:
789:
788:
785:Pharmacology
783:
779:
771:
763:
757:
756:
752:
744:
739:
733:
732:
728:
723:
718:
717:Heat capacity
714:
713:
708:
702:
699:
695:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:Formula units
678:
677:
672:
668:
665:
661:
660:
652:
649:
645:
644:
641:
637:
631:
628:
624:
623:
618:
614:
607:
603:
599:
598:
594:
590:
586:
585:
581:
579:
575:
572:
571:
567:
565:
561:
558:
557:
553:
550:
546:
545:
541:
539:
538:Boiling point
536:
535:
531:
529:
528:Melting point
526:
525:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
509:
506:
505:
501:
498:
497:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
476:
475:
470:
461:
457:
450:
436:
426:
422:
415:
407:
403:
402:DTXSID3021271
399:
398:
396:
386:
382:
381:
374:
370:
369:
367:
365:
362:
361:
354:
353:
351:
349:
346:
345:
338:
334:
333:
331:
325:
321:
320:
316:
312:
310:
307:
306:
299:
295:
294:
292:
290:
287:
286:
282:
279:
275:
274:
267:
266:
264:
262:
257:
256:
252:
248:
245:
243:
241:ECHA InfoCard
238:
237:
230:
226:
225:
223:
221:
218:
217:
210:
209:ChEMBL1200574
206:
205:
203:
201:
198:
197:
190:
186:
185:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
151:
147:
142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
127:
124:
120:
119:
114:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
91:
85:
81:
76:
68:
63:
59:
52:
47:
41:
37:
30:
26:
22:
8469:
8452:Spectroscopy
8306:Astrobiology
8159:Formaldehyde
8051:Benzonitrile
7842:Acetaldehyde
7797:Methanethiol
7748:Acetonitrile
7653:Carbodiimide
7532:Formaldehyde
7527:Cyanoethynyl
7378:Iron cyanide
7373:Hydroperoxyl
7230:
7174:Nitric oxide
5631:
3611:
3542:JtBaker MSDS
3520:. Retrieved
3516:the original
3511:
3468:
3443:
3419:
3406:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3192:
3186:
3178:
3173:18 September
3171:. Retrieved
3166:
3157:
3140:
3125:
3116:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3061:
3054:
3027:
3023:
3013:
2988:
2984:
2955:
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2926:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2897:
2888:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2851:
2841:27 September
2839:. Retrieved
2834:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2783:
2773:
2757:
2753:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2685:
2679:
2670:
2618:
2588:
2582:
2544:(1): 57–65.
2541:
2537:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2490:Haynes, 4.89
2463:. Retrieved
2453:
2326:Mount Morris
2275:
2263:non-polluted
2240:
2196:
2172:Acetonitrile
2015:
1991:
1984:
1960:
1941:
1913:
1909:
1875:
1816:
1800:
1788:
1777:Firefighting
1772:
1757:
1735:
1723:preservative
1719:
1680:
1664:fermentation
1661:
1623:
1620:Substitution
1603:
1595:
1576:
1563:
1544:
1508:
1489:
1480:
1461:
1454:
1423:
1419:
1399:
1355:
1347:
1336:
1182:
1168:
1160:
1145:for further
1110:
1044:
1043:
900:
847:
769:
742:
721:
684:
670:
657:m (No. 225)
635:
605:
348:RTECS number
116:Identifiers
93:Other names
40:
8426:Outer space
8336:Cosmic dust
8301:Abiogenesis
8213:Unconfirmed
8169:Heavy water
8009:Ethanethiol
7924:Cyanoallene
7914:Acetic acid
7884:Methylamine
7768:Diacetylene
7683:Formic acid
7673:Cyanomethyl
7331:Diazenylium
7321:CCP radical
7197:(molecular)
7181:(molecular)
7150:(molecular)
3522:13 February
3134:. Phys.org.
2880:MRO Network
2752:Elvers, B.
2526:Haynes, 5.8
2407:Biosalinity
2294:brine wells
2282:evaporation
2162:Pentan-1-ol
2152:Propan-2-ol
2122:Propan-1-ol
2071:Formic acid
1948:hydrohalite
1932:hydrohalite
1831:hygroscopic
1764:Nasal spray
1687:hygroscopic
1592:Bresle test
1360:to produce
1123:hygroscopic
1100:edible salt
915:median dose
901:Lethal dose
648:Space group
499:Appearance
484:NaCl
472:Properties
247:100.028.726
189:CHEBI:26710
8528:Categories
8341:Cosmic ray
8283:Silylidyne
8246:Hemolithin
8221:Anthracene
8138:Deuterated
8119:Pyrimidine
7929:Ethanimine
7792:Ketenimine
7648:Butadiynyl
7472:Thioformyl
7326:Chloronium
3799:Oxyhalides
2721:: 100174.
2445:References
2298:salt lakes
2272:Production
2237:Occurrence
2221:, and NaCl
2142:Butan-1-ol
1878:octahedron
1870:See also:
1770:solution.
1742:pharyngeal
1676:tenderizer
1491:Hard water
1410:flocculate
1177:See also:
1143:feedstocks
620:Structure
574:Solubility
560:Solubility
522:2.17 g/cm
490:Molar mass
373:451W47IQ8X
220:ChemSpider
144:3D model (
123:CAS Number
84:IUPAC name
8539:Chlorides
8273:Phosphine
8141:molecules
8074:fullerene
7974:Acetamide
7778:Formamide
7658:Cyanamide
7512:Acetylene
7487:Tricarbon
7398:Methylene
7383:Isoformyl
7288:Triatomic
7061:Molecules
3585:Inorganic
3474:CRC Press
3398:121846285
3355:1089-5639
3275:1310.7674
3246:216130640
2792:1091-2339
2566:0041-008X
2465:23 August
2348:Jordanian
2310:potassium
2132:Sulfolane
2041:Formamide
1934:, NaCl·2H
1897:compounds
1845:Chemistry
1683:desiccant
1606:corrosion
1515:grit bins
1505:Road salt
1476:butadiene
1446:bleaching
1131:condiment
1106:with the
762:formation
736:Std molar
582:14.9 g/L
568:21.5 g/L
512:Odorless
355:VZ4725000
268:231-598-3
260:EC Number
133:7647-14-5
8260:Linear C
8241:Graphene
8153:Ammonium
7954:Acrolein
7817:Propynal
7802:Methanol
7773:Ethylene
7642:Ammonium
7417:Nitroxyl
7241:Sulfanyl
7185:Imidogen
7179:Nitrogen
7148:Hydrogen
7093:Argonium
7070:Diatomic
5352:chloride
3308:15298372
3300:24357316
3238:32330050
3046:33475359
2862:phys.org
2817:phys.org
2797:11 March
2428:Salinity
2384:See also
2356:Dead Sea
2330:New York
2312:mining.
2286:seawater
2251:sea salt
2186:0.00042
2092:Methanol
2051:Glycerin
1886:chloride
1823:infrared
1803:medieval
1797:Cleanser
1748:Medicine
1731:pretzels
1715:preserve
1672:sausages
1630:molasses
1599:syndrome
1551:Cheshire
1547:Winsford
1523:solution
1468:neoprene
1438:methanol
1242:→
1189:chlorine
1139:chlorine
1119:chlorine
1102:, is an
848:NFPA 704
841:Hazards
792:ATC code
636:see text
591:(χ)
578:methanol
174:3534976
8406:Kerogen
8293:Related
8236:Glycine
8189:Propyne
8148:Ammonia
8046:Benzene
8041:Acetone
8033:or more
8004:Propene
7989:Ethanol
7879:Propyne
7698:Methane
7567:Ketenyl
7517:Ammonia
6675:
4985:Organic
4338:NaAl(SO
3592:Halides
3378:Bibcode
3335:Bibcode
3280:Bibcode
3262:Science
3096:Bibcode
2993:Bibcode
2903:9 March
2723:Bibcode
2574:5110827
2546:Bibcode
2376:Bolivia
2352:Israeli
2182:Acetone
2102:Ethanol
2082:ammonia
2080:Liquid
1807:shampoo
1711:osmosis
1691:salting
1668:canning
1646:deicing
1583:coating
1530:and/or
1511:deicing
1414:density
1151:deicing
1026:what is
1024: (
961:cations
830: (
828:S01XA03
820: (
818:B05XA03
810: (
808:B05CB01
806:)
800: (
798:A12CA01
738:entropy
564:ammonia
518:Density
324:PubChem
8457:Tholin
8278:Pyrene
7723:Silane
7693:Ketene
7195:Oxygen
5115:(OH)CO
5015:HCOONa
4935:[Co(NO
4879:Fe(CN)
4867:Fe(CN)
4827:Zn(OH)
4516:NaHXeO
4350:NaAuCl
4303:Others
4051:NaHSeO
3534:, and
3480:
3413:"Salt"
3396:
3353:
3306:
3298:
3244:
3236:
3199:
3169:. 2016
3069:
3044:
2963:
2790:
2764:
2754:et al.
2692:
2664:"Salt"
2619:et al.
2595:
2572:
2564:
2417:Halite
2306:tonnes
2302:Mining
2259:clouds
2247:halite
2217:, NaCl
2209:Cl, Na
2205:Cl, Na
2176:0.003
2166:0.018
2126:0.124
1921:doping
1893:sodium
1768:saline
1738:emesis
1727:gluten
1638:glycol
1632:, and
1557:as an
1376:, and
1127:halite
1115:sodium
1021:verify
1018:
959:Other
934:anions
932:Other
456:SMILES
298:D02056
283:13673
200:ChEMBL
107:saline
78:Names
58:halite
29:Halite
8443:(PAH)
8031:atoms
7966:atoms
7906:atoms
7904:Eight
7834:atoms
7832:Seven
7740:atoms
7634:atoms
7504:atoms
7492:Water
7422:Ozone
7364:(HNC)
7358:(HCN)
5268:COONa
5255:COONa
5168:AlNaO
5041:COONa
5028:COONa
4948:NaNSi
4943:]
4558:NaTcO
4550:NaTcO
4545:NaSCN
4537:NaReO
4532:NaOCN
4524:NaMnO
4496:NaHCO
4483:NaCoO
4478:NaCNO
4465:NaBiO
4369:NaAsF
4359:NaSbF
4318:NaAlO
4310:NaAlH
4291:NaSbO
3923:NaHSO
3915:NaHSO
3856:NaBrO
3848:NaBrO
3840:NaBrO
3835:NaBrO
3827:NaClO
3819:NaClO
3811:NaClO
3806:NaClO
3727:NaHTe
3713:NaSeH
3448:(PDF)
3440:from
3416:(PDF)
3394:S2CID
3304:S2CID
3270:arXiv
3242:S2CID
2938:1 May
2923:(PDF)
2784:Slate
2667:(PDF)
2292:from
2290:brine
2156:0.03
2146:0.05
2136:0.05
2106:0.65
2086:30.2
2031:Water
1707:cells
1642:sugar
1472:latex
1457:hides
1370:glass
421:InChI
180:ChEBI
146:JSmol
7964:Nine
7632:Five
7542:HCCN
7502:Four
7462:SiNC
7005:NoCl
6997:MdCl
6989:FmCl
6981:EsCl
6974:EsCl
6965:CfCl
6957:CfCl
6949:BkCl
6941:CmCl
6933:AmCl
6926:AmCl
6918:PuCl
6910:NpCl
6873:PaCl
6866:PaCl
6858:ThCl
6851:ThCl
6843:AcCl
6830:YbCl
6823:YbCl
6815:TmCl
6808:TmCl
6800:ErCl
6792:HoCl
6784:DyCl
6777:DyCl
6769:TbCl
6761:GdCl
6753:EuCl
6746:EuCl
6738:SmCl
6731:SmCl
6723:PmCl
6715:NdCl
6708:NdCl
6700:PrCl
6692:CeCl
6684:LaCl
6610:DbCl
6602:RfCl
6594:LrCl
6583:RaCl
6578:FrCl
6568:AtCl
6560:PoCl
6553:PoCl
6545:BiCl
6537:PbCl
6530:PbCl
6522:TlCl
6518:TlCl
6510:HgCl
6491:AuCl
6484:(Au)
6480:AuCl
6472:PtCl
6465:PtCl
6457:IrCl
6450:IrCl
6443:IrCl
6435:OsCl
6428:OsCl
6421:OsCl
6414:OsCl
6406:ReCl
6399:ReCl
6392:ReCl
6385:ReCl
6341:TaCl
6334:TaCl
6327:TaCl
6319:HfCl
6311:LuCl
6300:BaCl
6295:CsCl
6285:XeCl
6278:XeCl
6274:XeCl
6254:TeCl
6247:TeCl
6228:SbCl
6221:SbCl
6213:SnCl
6206:SnCl
6198:InCl
6191:InCl
6187:InCl
6179:CdCl
6174:AgCl
6166:PdCl
6158:RhCl
6150:RuCl
6143:RuCl
6136:RuCl
6128:TcCl
6121:TcCl
6113:MoCl
6106:MoCl
6099:MoCl
6092:MoCl
6085:MoCl
6077:NbCl
6070:NbCl
6063:NbCl
6055:ZrCl
6048:ZrCl
6041:ZrCl
6023:SrCl
6018:RbCl
6008:BrCl
6000:SeCl
5993:SeCl
5970:AsCl
5963:AsCl
5955:GeCl
5948:GeCl
5940:GaCl
5936:GaCl
5928:ZnCl
5920:CuCl
5916:CuCl
5908:NiCl
5900:CoCl
5893:CoCl
5885:FeCl
5878:FeCl
5870:MnCl
5863:MnCl
5855:CrCl
5848:CrCl
5841:CrCl
5804:TiCl
5797:TiCl
5790:TiCl
5782:ScCl
5772:CaCl
5768:CaCl
5679:SiCl
5649:AlCl
5645:AlCl
5637:MgCl
5632:NaCl
5388:BeCl
5383:LiCl
5082:NaCH
4968:PdCl
4891:Fe(C
4743:O(UO
4731:PtCl
4719:IrCl
4566:NaVO
4473:NaCN
4409:NaBO
4404:(CN)
4400:NaBH
4392:NaBH
4271:HAsO
4126:NaPO
4090:NaNO
4082:NaNO
3872:NaIO
3864:NaIO
3769:NaNH
3699:NaSH
3685:NaOD
3680:NaOH
3627:NaAt
3617:NaBr
3612:NaCl
3604:NaHF
3524:2007
3498:Salt
3478:ISBN
3444:Salt
3351:ISSN
3296:PMID
3234:PMID
3197:ISBN
3175:2018
3067:ISBN
3042:PMID
2961:ISBN
2940:2024
2905:2024
2843:2015
2799:2023
2788:ISSN
2762:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2570:PMID
2562:ISSN
2467:2021
2350:and
2296:and
2116:0.4
2035:360
1914:The
1889:ions
1837:and
1658:Salt
1640:and
1634:beet
1626:beer
1495:soap
1464:buna
1444:, a
1404:and
1388:and
1378:dyes
1364:and
1321:NaOH
1214:NaCl
1191:and
1157:Uses
1133:and
1117:and
1111:NaCl
508:Odor
364:UNII
337:5234
309:MeSH
289:KEGG
229:5044
21:Salt
8255:NCO
8155:ion
8062:, C
8029:Ten
7738:Six
7644:ion
6902:UCl
6895:UCl
6888:UCl
6881:UCl
6839:**
6668:Og
6665:Ts
6662:Lv
6659:Mc
6656:Fl
6653:Nh
6650:Cn
6647:Rg
6644:Ds
6641:Mt
6638:Hs
6630:BhO
6618:SgO
6590:**
6572:Rn
6377:WCl
6370:WCl
6363:WCl
6356:WCl
6349:WCl
6266:ICl
6262:ICl
6033:YCl
6012:Kr
5977:+As
5833:VCl
5826:VCl
5819:VCl
5812:VCl
5763:KCl
5757:Ar
5742:+SO
5735:SCl
5728:SCl
5705:PCl
5698:PCl
5626:Ne
5619:ClF
5612:ClF
5608:ClF
5596:ClO
5556:ClO
5552:ClO
5514:+NO
5503:ClN
5496:NCl
5488:+CO
5477:CCl
5436:+BO
5418:BCl
5377:He
5367:HCl
5354:ion
5296:256
5292:164
5235:NaC
5176:NaC
5155:NO]
5139:NaC
5123:NaC
5107:NaC
5091:NaC
5086:COO
5074:NaO
5010:ONa
4997:ONa
4952:(CH
4923:SiF
4911:SiO
4787:TiO
4775:SiO
4707:MoO
4695:MnO
4666:GeO
4622:CrO
4508:XeO
4491:NaH
4383:TiF
4330:AlF
4283:AsO
4279:NaH
4259:AsO
4247:AsO
4142:HPO
4114:NaH
4063:TeO
4043:SeO
4031:SeO
3761:NaN
3651:NaO
3643:NaO
3622:NaI
3599:NaF
3386:doi
3374:127
3343:doi
3331:104
3288:doi
3266:342
3226:doi
3146:doi
3104:doi
3092:B30
3032:doi
3028:143
3001:doi
2731:doi
2623:doi
2554:doi
2288:or
2284:of
2280:by
2266:air
2096:14
2075:52
2065:71
2055:83
2045:94
1969:O.
1958:).
1946:as
1709:by
1588:IMO
1549:in
1406:gas
1402:oil
1340:PVC
1085:ɔːr
833:WHO
826:),
823:WHO
816:),
813:WHO
803:WHO
773:298
746:298
640:cF8
638:),
576:in
562:in
390:EPA
327:CID
8530::
8072:70
8064:60
8060:60
8058:(C
7783:HC
6680:*
6634:Cl
6622:Cl
6503:Cl
6499:Hg
6307:*
6240:Cl
6236:Te
5986:Cl
5982:Se
5750:Cl
5721:Cl
5712:+P
5691:Cl
5672:Cl
5668:Si
5663:12
5661:Cl
5657:Si
5603:+O
5585:Cl
5574:Cl
5563:Cl
5541:Cl
5533:Cl
5522:Cl
5510:+N
5484:+C
5470:Cl
5459:Cl
5448:Cl
5429:Cl
5413:12
5411:Cl
5409:12
5400:Cl
5306:Na
5300:68
5285:Na
5279:35
5275:18
5266:33
5262:17
5253:31
5249:15
5230:Na
5217:Na
5204:Na
5200:NO
5166:16
5151:Na
5141:10
5129:23
5125:12
5099:CO
5046:Na
4993:CH
4964:Na
4931:Na
4919:Na
4907:Na
4887:Na
4875:Na
4863:Na
4857:28
4853:10
4847:Na
4839:VO
4835:Na
4823:Na
4815:WO
4811:Na
4795:Na
4783:Na
4771:Na
4755:Na
4739:Na
4727:Na
4715:Na
4703:Na
4691:Na
4683:Na
4678:He
4674:Na
4662:Na
4656:10
4650:Cr
4646:Na
4634:Cr
4630:Na
4618:Na
4602:Na
4586:Na
4578:CO
4574:Na
4504:Na
4459:13
4449:Na
4433:Na
4417:Na
4379:Na
4326:Na
4267:Na
4255:Na
4243:Na
4223:Na
4207:Na
4201:10
4191:Na
4183:PO
4179:Na
4167:PS
4163:Na
4154:PO
4150:Na
4138:Na
4118:PO
4098:Na
4059:Na
4039:Na
4027:Na
4011:Na
3995:Na
3979:Na
3963:Na
3947:Na
3931:Na
3907:SO
3903:Na
3895:SO
3891:Na
3790:As
3786:Na
3777:Na
3752:Na
3736:Po
3732:Na
3722:Te
3718:Na
3708:Se
3704:Na
3690:Na
3668:Na
3659:Na
3510:.
3476:.
3450:.
3418:.
3392:.
3384:.
3372:.
3349:.
3341:.
3329:.
3325:.
3302:.
3294:.
3286:.
3278:.
3264:.
3240:.
3232:.
3222:11
3220:.
3177:.
3165:.
3102:.
3090:.
3040:.
3026:.
3022:.
2999:.
2989:32
2987:.
2975:^
2931:.
2925:.
2896:.
2878:.
2860:.
2833:.
2815:.
2786:.
2782:.
2745:^
2729:.
2719:27
2717:.
2713:.
2669:.
2634:^
2606:^
2568:.
2560:.
2552:.
2542:20
2540:.
2475:^
2374:,
2332:,
2328:,
2300:.
2268:.
2213:Cl
1998:pm
1923:.
1827:μm
1762:.
1678:.
1648:.
1628:,
1478:.
1466:,
1452:.
1392:.
1372:,
1286:Cl
1088:aɪ
1059:oʊ
911:50
909:LD
836:)
765:(Δ
691:4
653:Fm
8262:5
8253:2
8251:H
8198:D
8196:2
8194:N
8070:C
7787:N
7785:4
7407:H
7405:2
7403:N
7045:e
7038:t
7031:v
7007:2
6999:2
6991:2
6983:3
6976:2
6967:2
6959:3
6951:3
6943:3
6935:3
6928:2
6920:3
6912:3
6904:6
6897:5
6890:4
6883:3
6875:5
6868:4
6860:4
6853:3
6845:3
6832:3
6825:2
6817:3
6810:2
6802:3
6794:3
6786:3
6779:2
6771:3
6763:3
6755:3
6748:2
6740:3
6733:2
6725:3
6717:3
6710:2
6702:3
6694:3
6686:3
6632:3
6624:2
6620:2
6612:5
6604:4
6596:3
6585:2
6562:4
6555:2
6547:3
6539:4
6532:2
6524:3
6512:2
6505:2
6501:2
6493:3
6486:2
6474:4
6467:2
6459:4
6452:3
6445:2
6437:5
6430:4
6423:3
6416:2
6408:6
6401:5
6394:4
6387:3
6379:6
6372:5
6365:4
6358:3
6351:2
6343:5
6336:4
6329:3
6321:4
6313:3
6302:2
6287:4
6280:2
6268:3
6256:4
6249:2
6242:2
6238:3
6230:5
6223:3
6215:4
6208:2
6200:3
6193:2
6181:2
6168:2
6160:3
6152:4
6145:3
6138:2
6130:4
6123:3
6115:6
6108:5
6101:4
6094:3
6087:2
6079:5
6072:4
6065:3
6057:4
6050:3
6043:2
6035:3
6025:2
6002:4
5995:2
5988:2
5984:2
5972:5
5965:3
5957:4
5950:2
5942:3
5930:2
5922:2
5910:2
5902:3
5895:2
5887:3
5880:2
5872:3
5865:2
5857:4
5850:3
5843:2
5835:5
5828:4
5821:3
5814:2
5806:4
5799:3
5792:2
5784:3
5774:2
5752:2
5744:4
5737:4
5730:2
5723:2
5719:2
5717:S
5707:5
5700:3
5693:4
5689:2
5687:P
5681:4
5674:6
5670:2
5659:5
5651:3
5639:2
5621:5
5614:3
5598:4
5591:7
5589:O
5587:2
5580:6
5578:O
5576:2
5569:4
5567:O
5565:2
5558:2
5547:2
5545:O
5543:2
5537:O
5535:2
5528:y
5526:O
5524:x
5516:3
5505:3
5498:3
5490:3
5479:4
5472:6
5468:2
5466:C
5461:4
5457:2
5455:C
5450:2
5446:2
5444:C
5438:3
5431:4
5427:2
5425:B
5420:3
5407:B
5402:4
5398:4
5396:B
5390:2
5343:e
5336:t
5329:v
5308:2
5304:2
5302:S
5298:O
5294:H
5290:C
5283:2
5281:O
5277:H
5273:C
5264:H
5260:C
5251:H
5247:C
5241:5
5239:H
5237:5
5228:9
5226:H
5224:4
5222:C
5215:5
5213:H
5211:6
5209:C
5202:4
5198:8
5196:H
5194:5
5192:C
5186:6
5184:O
5182:7
5180:H
5178:6
5170:4
5164:H
5162:6
5160:C
5153:2
5145:8
5143:H
5133:2
5131:O
5127:H
5117:2
5113:4
5111:H
5109:6
5101:2
5097:5
5095:H
5093:6
5084:3
5076:6
5072:5
5070:H
5068:4
5066:C
5060:6
5058:O
5056:4
5054:H
5052:4
5050:C
5048:2
5039:7
5037:H
5035:3
5033:C
5026:5
5024:H
5022:2
5020:C
5008:5
5006:H
5004:2
5002:C
4995:3
4970:4
4966:2
4958:6
4956:)
4954:3
4950:2
4941:6
4939:)
4937:2
4933:3
4925:6
4921:2
4913:4
4909:4
4901:3
4899:)
4897:4
4895:O
4893:2
4889:3
4881:6
4877:3
4869:6
4865:4
4855:O
4851:V
4849:6
4841:4
4837:3
4829:4
4825:2
4817:4
4813:2
4805:7
4803:O
4801:2
4799:U
4797:2
4789:3
4785:2
4777:3
4773:2
4765:6
4763:O
4761:4
4759:S
4757:2
4749:2
4747:)
4745:3
4741:2
4733:6
4729:2
4721:6
4717:3
4709:4
4705:2
4697:4
4693:2
4685:2
4676:2
4668:3
4664:2
4654:O
4652:3
4648:2
4640:7
4638:O
4636:2
4632:2
4624:4
4620:2
4612:5
4610:S
4608:3
4606:C
4604:2
4596:4
4594:O
4592:2
4590:C
4588:2
4580:3
4576:2
4568:3
4560:4
4552:3
4539:4
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