97:
1195:, president of the Native Civil Servants Association, was not a member of the National Faction. He became more nationalist in outlook partly as a result of resentment over the low standing of Indonesian civil servants relative to Dutch administrators, who he saw as being responsible for the natural group to bring about the advancement of the country. He also felt it was his duty to become an intermediary between the government and the people. As his dissatisfaction with the Dutch grew, he concluded that more autonomy for the East Indies was the best way forward.
1269:(Indo European Alliance), with eight seats was the largest European party. The five members of the Politiek-Economischen Bond (Political Economic League) also agreed to support it once the ten-year timetable had been removed. Some Dutch members were opposed to the petition because they saw it as a threat to their position, or believed the Indonesians were not yet ready to assume governing responsibilities. Meanwhile, six Indonesian members,
1096:
1185:(People's Council), an advisory body, and by 1931 half of the members were Indonesian. Following repression of nationalists in the 1930s, it became the main forum for "cooperating" Indonesians, whose who were prepared to participate in Dutch established bodies, to express their opinions. In 1935, the main nationalist parties were grouped together under the National Faction led by
1335:
sent his report to the
Netherlands. recommending the petition be rejected as calling the conference it demanded would be seen a sign of weakness and would raise false hopes. He also stated that some native organizations also disagreed with the petition, and said that any reforms should be confined to
1306:
before responding. In
October of that year, a Central Soetardjo Petition Committee headed by Soetardjo was formed to raise public support by collecting signatures. This resulted in many well-attended public meetings expressing support, but the collection of signatures was not very successful as many
1289:
also voted against it. Their reasons were varied. Some believed the petition was pointless without wider public support, while others were simply pro-Dutch, or had personal reasons. Eighteen "foreign Asians" and
Indonesians, including Thamrin, supported the petition, and in the final vote, the it was
1264:
The vote in the
Volksraad took place on 29 September 1936, following a speech by Soetardjo in which he asked for support from the various Dutch factions, stating that there was no desire to sever the political links with the Netherlands. Crucially, the petition was supported by the
1330:
advisory body urged the governor-general to reject the petition, claiming tat it was at odds with the Dutch constitution, and that the East indies was not yet ready for the new role it would have were the petition accepted. In
September 1938, Governor-General
1203:
The document asked for a round table conference to be organized with representatives from the Indies and the
Netherlands to discuss the desire of Indonesians, within a period of ten years, to be autonomous under Article 1 of the
1322:
supported it, but banned its members from participating in the petition committee. These parties believed the petition to be a pointless gesture, or even a betrayal of those calling for nothing less than full independence.
806:
96:
786:
1314:(PSII) opposed it because of the party's policy of non-cooperation with the colonial authorities. However, of the parties two parties that had seats in the Volksraad,
766:
1298:
After the petition was passed, Indonesia newspapers began to express support for it, although all the
European press in tee Indies opposed it. In early 1937, the
1124:
855:
1774:
1332:
1589:
1303:
1784:
1779:
1748:
1690:
1662:
1510:
1377:
900:
1239:
1041:
1166:
1001:
1170:
1117:
1063:
1346:
Moves were already underway to increase local involvement in internal policy, and these must be given time to take effect and develop
1641:
1299:
1021:
1327:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1031:
1011:
63:
1738:
1680:
1311:
1274:
1073:
865:
113:
1310:
A major setback for supporters of the petition was the lack of support from
Indonesian political parties. As expected, the
1182:
1154:
1110:
1078:
1068:
1051:
1016:
940:
910:
845:
675:
378:
201:
103:
76:
694:
387:
1652:
920:
875:
1192:
1162:
1026:
40:
1006:
427:
1789:
1266:
173:
1339:
On
November 16, 1938, the petition was rejected by Netherlands by royal decree for the following reasons:
1186:
1725:
1707:
1286:
930:
657:
122:
1282:
1150:
958:
721:
684:
637:
567:
537:
507:
477:
85:
1142:
776:
741:
607:
527:
397:
1620:
1252:
1205:
981:
966:
627:
597:
517:
437:
270:
1307:
people were afraid to sign. A similar committee was formed in the
Netherlands, also in October.
1740:
Minorities, Modernity and the Emerging Nation: Christians in Indonesia, a Biographical Approach
1744:
1686:
1658:
1637:
1612:
1158:
816:
796:
577:
467:
457:
417:
152:
59:
1604:
1100:
976:
731:
557:
547:
240:
1220:
971:
712:
587:
487:
447:
280:
55:
1636:. Monash papers on Southeast Asia. Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University.
1349:
Acknowledgement of growing dissent over Dutch rule "could be seen as a sign of weakness"
1209:
647:
617:
497:
320:
250:
1768:
1270:
1245:
1226:
300:
290:
220:
183:
407:
330:
132:
1682:
Dutch Culture Overseas: Colonial Practice in the Netherlands Indies, 1900-1942
350:
1616:
360:
310:
260:
163:
1315:
1230:
142:
51:
1624:
1319:
1278:
230:
340:
1608:
1634:
One Hand Clapping: Indonesian Nationalists and the Dutch 1939-1942
1236:
Sayyid Ismail Alatas (representative of the ethnic Arab community)
210:
1343:
It was in contradiction to Article 1 of the Dutch Constitution
1509:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFHandelingen_van_de_Volksraad (
1504:
1223:, president of Native Civil Servants Association (PPBB))
1181:
In 1918, the Dutch colonial government established the
16:
1936 petition to the Volksraad of the Dutch East Indies
1737:
Klinken, Geert Arend van; Klinken, Gerry Van (2003).
1367:
1365:
1363:
1404:
1402:
1389:
1387:
46:
36:
28:
23:
1654:Visions of Empire in the Nazi-Occupied Netherlands
1248:(representative of the ethnic Chinese community)
1709:Handelingen van de Volksraad, Zitting 1936-1937
1242:(Javanese, president of a Catholic association)
1732:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
1302:decided to wait for official advice from the
1290:approved by the Volksraad by 26 votes to 20.
1118:
8:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1376:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKlinken2003 (
1333:Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer
1208:as part of a Dutch commonwealth under the
1125:
1111:
70:
1657:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1714:Acts of the Volksraad, 1936-1937 Session
1730:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
1371:
1359:
1165:, which was submitted as a petition to
84:
73:
20:
1492:
1408:
1393:
7:
50:To call for a conference to discuss
1215:The petition had six signatories:
1171:Estates General of the Netherlands
14:
1775:Politics of the Dutch East Indies
1685:. Singapore: Equinox Publishing.
1588:Abeyasekere, Susan (April 1973).
1260:Debate and vote in the Volksraad
1094:
95:
1312:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
807:French and British interregnum
64:Dutch constitutional framework
1:
1785:1936 in the Dutch East Indies
1780:Indonesian National Awakening
1505:Handelingen van de Volksraad
1318:opposed the petition, while
695:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
1651:Foray, Jennifer L. (2012).
1632:Abeyasekere, Susan (1976).
1173:asking for more autonomy.
1161:, instigated by the member
202:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
1806:
876:United States of Indonesia
713:Chinese Kongsi federations
1294:Responses to the petition
1193:Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo
1163:Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo
1027:Javanese historical texts
62:within the limits of the
41:Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo
1590:"The Soetardjo Petition"
787:Dutch East India Company
428:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
1743:. Leiden: KITLV Press.
1679:Gouda, Frances (2008).
1267:Indo Europeesch Verbond
1726:Kahin, George McTurnan
1251:Datoek Toemoenggoeng (
1187:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
1146:
838:Emergence of Indonesia
1526:, pp. 93ā95, 98.
1328:Council of the Indies
893:Republic of Indonesia
759:European colonization
658:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
1336:the regional level.
1101:Indonesia portal
722:Heshun Confederation
638:Yogyakarta Sultanate
568:Kalinyamat Sultanate
538:Sultanate of Jailolo
508:Sultanate of Ternate
221:Tarumanagara Kingdom
1562:, pp. 100ā101.
866:National Revolution
856:Japanese occupation
742:Santiaogou Republic
608:Palembang Sultanate
528:Sultanate of Tidore
398:Peureulak Sultanate
331:Dharmasraya Kingdom
1423:, pp. 81, 84.
1206:Dutch Constitution
1139:Soetardjo Petition
945:1998–present
846:National Awakening
676:Christian kingdoms
642:1755–present
632:1745–present
628:Surakarta Sunanate
598:Kingdom of Kaimana
552:1526–present
518:Sultanate of Bacan
438:Pagaruyung Kingdom
379:Islamic sultanates
271:Shailendra Dynasty
24:Soetardjo Petition
1750:978-90-6718-151-8
1720:(in Dutch). 1937.
1692:978-979-3780-62-7
1664:978-1-107-01580-7
1538:, pp. 96ā97.
1483:, pp. 91ā93.
1447:, pp. 86ā87.
1246:Ko Kwat Tiong Sia
1159:Dutch East Indies
1135:
1134:
949:
948:
901:Liberal democracy
884:
883:
829:
828:
817:Dutch East Indies
750:
749:
703:
702:
685:Larantuka Kingdom
666:
665:
578:Mataram Sultanate
478:Cirebon Sultanate
458:Malacca Sultanate
418:Ternate Sultanate
369:
368:
351:Singhasari Empire
345:1000s–1300s
311:Kahuripan Kingdom
192:
191:
69:
68:
60:Dutch East Indies
1797:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1733:
1721:
1719:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1647:
1628:
1594:
1575:
1572:Abeyasekere 1973
1569:
1563:
1560:Abeyasekere 1973
1557:
1551:
1548:Abeyasekere 1976
1545:
1539:
1536:Abeyasekere 1973
1533:
1527:
1524:Abeyasekere 1973
1521:
1515:
1514:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1481:Abeyasekere 1973
1478:
1472:
1469:Abeyasekere 1973
1466:
1460:
1457:Abeyasekere 1973
1454:
1448:
1445:Abeyasekere 1973
1442:
1436:
1433:Abeyasekere 1976
1430:
1424:
1421:Abeyasekere 1973
1418:
1412:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1369:
1304:governor-general
1300:Dutch parliament
1273:, Notosoetarso,
1167:Queen Wilhelmina
1147:Petisi Soetardjo
1127:
1120:
1113:
1099:
1098:
1097:
911:Guided Democracy
897:
896:
842:
841:
763:
762:
732:Lanfang Republic
718:
717:
681:
680:
602:1600s–1926
592:1528s–1877
558:Banjar Sultanate
548:Banten Sultanate
532:1500s–1967
448:Brunei Sultanate
384:
383:
361:Majapahit Empire
261:Srivijaya Empire
241:Kalingga Kingdom
207:
206:
174:Toba catastrophe
157:94,000ā12,000 BP
128:
127:
99:
89:
71:
21:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1724:
1717:
1706:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1650:
1644:
1631:
1609:10.2307/3350793
1592:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1507:, p. 1694.
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1375:
1370:
1361:
1356:
1296:
1262:
1201:
1179:
1131:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
996:
988:
987:
986:
961:
951:
950:
935:1967–1998
925:1966–1967
915:1959–1966
905:1950–1959
894:
886:
885:
880:1949–1950
870:1945–1949
860:1942–1945
850:1908–1942
839:
831:
830:
825:
824:1945–1949
823:
822:1800–1942
811:1806–1816
801:1685–1824
791:1602–1799
781:1521–1677
771:1512–1850
760:
752:
751:
746:1777–1853
736:1777–1884
726:1776–1854
715:
705:
704:
678:
668:
667:
662:1824–1911
652:1814–1946
622:1725–1946
612:1659–1823
588:Johor Sultanate
582:1586–1755
572:1527–1599
562:1526–1863
542:1496–1903
522:1515–1946
512:1486–1914
502:1496–1903
492:1475–1554
488:Demak Sultanate
482:1445–1677
472:1405–1851
462:1400–1511
452:1368–1888
442:1347–1833
432:1267–1521
422:1257–1914
412:1225–1613
388:Spread of Islam
381:
371:
370:
365:1293–1527
355:1222–1292
335:1183–1347
325:1045–1221
315:1019–1045
281:Mataram Kingdom
204:
194:
193:
125:
108:
101:Opening of the
87:
80:
56:self-governance
17:
12:
11:
5:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1790:1936 documents
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1749:
1734:
1722:
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1676:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1629:
1603:(15): 81ā107.
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:, p. 104.
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1552:
1540:
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1516:
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1275:Razoux Schultz
1261:
1258:
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1255:, PPBB member)
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648:Deli Sultanate
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618:Siak Sultanate
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498:Aceh Sultanate
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468:Sulu Sultanate
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341:Pannai Kingdom
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327:
326:
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321:Kediri Kingdom
317:
316:
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305:932–1579
303:
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295:914–1908
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287:
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285:716–1016
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251:Melayu Kingdom
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1643:0 909835 38 1
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1506:
1501:
1498:
1495:, p. 95.
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1471:, p. 84.
1470:
1465:
1462:
1459:, p. 82.
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1271:Mohammad Noor
1268:
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1227:Sam Ratulangi
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1754:. Retrieved
1739:
1729:
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1696:. Retrieved
1681:
1668:. Retrieved
1653:
1633:
1600:
1596:
1567:
1555:
1550:, p. 4.
1543:
1531:
1519:
1500:
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1440:
1435:, p. 2.
1428:
1416:
1372:Klinken 2003
1338:
1325:
1309:
1297:
1283:Wiryopranoto
1263:
1240:I. J. Kasimo
1214:
1202:
1199:The petition
1191:
1180:
1138:
1136:
1083:
1042:Christianity
291:Bali Kingdom
184:Buni culture
162:
147:1,000,000 BP
131:
102:
32:15 July 1936
18:
1253:Minangkabau
1219:Soetardjo (
1210:Dutch Crown
1007:Archaeology
1002:Agriculture
408:Aru Kingdom
133:Paleolithic
86:History of
1769:Categories
1582:References
1493:Kahin 1952
1409:Foray 2012
1394:Gouda 2008
1177:Background
1143:Indonesian
1064:Mass media
941:Reform era
921:Transition
767:Portuguese
153:Flores Man
123:Prehistory
1617:0019-7289
1597:Indonesia
1231:Minahasan
1183:Volksraad
1155:Volksraad
1022:Education
931:New Order
699:1670ā1950
689:1515ā1904
275:600sā900s
265:600sā1025
255:600sā1347
245:500sā600s
235:400s-500s
225:400sā500s
178:75,000 BP
164:Neolithic
104:Volksraad
88:Indonesia
37:Author(s)
29:Presented
1728:(1952).
1316:Parindra
1221:Javanese
1169:and the
1149:) was a
1069:Military
1047:Hinduism
1037:Buddhism
1032:Religion
1012:Currency
995:By topic
215:350ā1605
143:Java Man
114:Timeline
77:a series
75:Part of
58:for the
52:autonomy
1625:3350793
1320:Gerindo
1279:Soeroso
1157:of the
1153:of the
1057:Judaism
1017:Economy
982:Bandung
967:Jakarta
959:Regions
797:British
777:Spanish
231:Kantoli
188:400 BCE
47:Purpose
1747:
1716:]
1689:
1661:
1640:
1623:
1615:
1287:Wiwoho
1151:motion
107:, 1936
79:on the
1756:1 May
1718:(PDF)
1712:[
1698:1 May
1670:1 May
1621:JSTOR
1593:(PDF)
1354:Notes
1079:Women
1074:Sport
1052:Islam
977:Bogor
1758:2020
1745:ISBN
1700:2020
1687:ISBN
1672:2020
1659:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1613:ISSN
1511:help
1378:help
1326:The
1285:and
1137:The
972:Bali
54:and
1605:doi
1771::
1619:.
1611:.
1601:15
1599:.
1595:.
1401:^
1386:^
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1281:,
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1229:(
1141:(
1126:e
1119:t
1112:v
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