288:
31:
92:
50:
303:. Males have a higher-pitched, louder and clearer call compared to females, which have a softer, muffled, low-pitched call. They are territorial and pairs may duet in response to intruding conspecifics. The calling intensity of spontaneously calling owls varies with the time of night and phase of the moon.
311:
Sokoke scops owl have a highly restricted range in coastal Kenya and north-eastern
Tanzania. It was first discovered in 1965 in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve in coastal Kenya. Two other isolated populations have been subsequently discovered in the Dakatcha woodlands in Kenya and in the Manga and
367:
to other suitable habitat patches have been suggested as potential conservation interventions that may help prevent their extinction. Call surveys conducted in 2005 and 2008 in the
Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve place the population size of the reserve at 800 pairs. Densities in 1997 in the East
358:
Its dependence on undisturbed forest means that it is threatened by human disturbance such as logging, fires and encroachment. Suitable climatic conditions are predicted to shift southwards as the climate changes and be completely lost in the
Usambaras by 2080. The isolation of suitable forest
384:, making their biology difficult to study. They are most active immediately after dark and before dawn and travel further from their roost sites to forage when there is less illumination from the Moon. They roost in the dense understory of
396:
Pellet samples show that they feed almost exclusively on medium-sized insects across a wide range of orders, with the predominant prey type likely dependent on availability at the time.
316:, Tanzania. Its global range is not thought to exceed 500 km. Other isolated populations of this species may still persist in unsurveyed patches of suitable habitat.
630:
971:
324:
Sokoke scops owl has very specific habitat requirements of undisturbed lowland forest. In the
Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve, it only occurs in forest dominated by
347:
1010:
368:
Usambaras ranged from less than 1.5 pairs/km to 3 or 4 pairs/km, and the population is estimated to be markedly smaller than the
Arabuko-Sokoke population.
1115:
1090:
945:
984:
364:
299:
ranging from grey through brown to an orange-rufous. Their call consists of a repetitive "too-too-too-too-too" reminiscent of the calls of
1105:
670:"Preliminary estimates of the population density of the Sokoke scops owl Otus ireneae Ripley in the East Usambara lowlands, Tanzania"
566:"Rapid decline and shift in the future distribution predicted for the endangered Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae due to climate change"
776:
1110:
54:
30:
989:
363:
in the
Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve may also affect their populations through habitat degradation. Habitat restoration and
1100:
295:
Sokoke scops owl is a fairly plain scops owl with small spotted markings on the underside. They are found in a number of
504:"Disconcerting trends in populations of the endangered Sokoke Scops OwlOtus ireneae in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kenya"
248:
287:
388:
trees during the day. The mean home-range of a pair is 11 ha and there is very little overlap with neighboring pairs.
644:
1015:
359:
patches that are surrounded by human-modified habitats means that they risk extinction. Increasing populations of
338:
trees provide suitable nesting sites for the owls and their removal may be responsible for population declines.
669:
275: in (17 cm), and can weigh up to 2 oz (57 g), and is the smallest of the scops owls. It is
91:
873:
787:
296:
186:
852:
712:
Virani, Munir Z (2008). "Diet composition of Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae in
Arabuko-Sokoke Forest".
445:
1095:
932:
865:
834:
202:
503:
39:
760:
624:
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86:
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1041:
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681:
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440:
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878:
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997:
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355:
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59:
764:
535:
901:
732:
381:
888:
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519:
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958:
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810:
1067:
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401:
300:
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693:
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591:
527:
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Monadjem, Ara; Virani, Munir Z.; Jackson, Colin; Reside, April (June 2013).
240:
236:
223:
163:
103:
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334:, despite the presence of other forest types. It is thought that holes in
1028:
804:
231:
153:
123:
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253:
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847:
606:
397:
244:
113:
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733:"Home range and movement patterns of Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae"
1049:
909:
286:
227:
76:
70:
937:
133:
785:
645:"Sokoke Scops-owl (Otus ireneae) - BirdLife species factsheet"
143:
502:
Virani, Munir Z.; Njoroge, Peter; Gordon, Ian (2010-07-08).
234:. The greatest population of this species of owl is in the
608:
Ecology of the endangered Sokoke scops owl (Otus ireneae)
312:
Kwamgumi forest reserves in the lowlands of the East
794:
446:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688565A93201000.en
291:Sokoke scops owl pair in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest
8:
629:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
782:
48:
29:
20:
581:
444:
279:and coloring ranges from grey to rufous.
350:places the Sokoke scops owl as globally
413:
622:
247:, which is less than one-third of the
7:
707:
705:
703:
686:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1997.093-89093.x
559:
557:
555:
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497:
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493:
491:
489:
487:
432:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
222:) is a highly localized species of
1116:Taxa named by Sidney Dillon Ripley
404:) appear to be consumed the most.
14:
261:The Sokoke scops owl can grow to
1091:IUCN Red List endangered species
90:
570:Bird Conservation International
421:BirdLife International (2016).
731:Virani, Munir (January 2000).
1:
749:10.1080/00306525.2000.9639892
605:A., Virani, Munir Z. (1994).
520:10.2989/00306525.2010.488429
226:found in lowland forests of
611:. University of Leicester.
400:(Coleoptera) and crickets (
1132:
1106:Owls of Sub-Saharan Africa
777:BirdLife Species Factsheet
674:African Journal of Ecology
251:. It is also found in the
583:10.1017/S0959270912000330
192:
185:
87:Scientific classification
85:
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
439:: e.T22688565A93201000.
380:owls, they are strictly
1111:Birds described in 1966
292:
649:datazone.birdlife.org
290:
1101:Birds of East Africa
468:"Appendices | CITES"
668:Evans, Tom (1997).
40:Conservation status
314:Usambara mountains
293:
1078:
1077:
1037:Open Tree of Life
788:Taxon identifiers
361:African elephants
210:
209:
80:
63:
24:Sokoke scops owl
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743:(1–2): 139–142.
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178:O. ireneae
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680:(4): 303–311.
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576:(2): 247–258.
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16:Species of owl
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365:translocation
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277:insectivorous
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249:Sokoke Forest
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187:Binomial name
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45:
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36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1068:Otus-ireneae
853:otus-ireneae
840:Otus_ireneae
826:Otus ireneae
796:Otus ireneae
795:
740:
736:
726:
717:
713:
677:
673:
663:
652:. Retrieved
648:
639:
607:
600:
573:
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475:. Retrieved
471:
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450:. Retrieved
436:
430:
425:Otus ireneae
424:
416:
395:
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377:
375:
345:
342:Conservation
335:
331:
325:
323:
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307:Distribution
297:color morphs
294:
260:
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219:Otus ireneae
218:
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196:Otus ireneae
195:
193:
177:
176:
164:
144:Strigiformes
18:
1096:Otus (bird)
959:iNaturalist
820:Wikispecies
452:13 November
376:Like other
336:Brachylaena
327:Brachylaena
301:tinkerbirds
283:Description
73:Appendix II
1085:Categories
1063:Xeno-canto
654:2021-07-12
477:2022-01-14
408:References
402:Orthoptera
352:Endangered
256:-Cynometra
55:Endangered
757:0030-6525
720:(1): 6–9.
694:1365-2028
625:cite book
617:504820142
592:0959-2709
528:0030-6525
472:cites.org
386:Cynometra
382:nocturnal
372:Behaviour
356:Red List.
332:Cynometra
241:Manilkara
237:Cynometra
224:scops owl
172:Species:
154:Strigidae
110:Kingdom:
104:Eukaryota
1050:Species+
1003:22688565
977:10591016
879:22688565
874:BirdLife
811:Q1270124
805:Wikidata
765:85429560
536:54207275
258:forest.
232:Tanzania
150:Family:
124:Chordata
120:Phylum:
114:Animalia
100:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
951:5232277
938:1178223
915:sosowl1
889:sosowl1
861:Avibase
737:Ostrich
508:Ostrich
398:Beetles
354:on its
320:Habitat
270:⁄
254:Afzelia
160:Genus:
140:Order:
130:Class:
75: (
58: (
1042:851813
1016:543865
990:202273
922:ECOS:
848:ARKive
763:
755:
714:Scopus
692:
615:
590:
534:
526:
245:forest
205:, 1966
203:Ripley
1029:72130
972:IRMNG
964:20278
910:eBird
902:4B8HC
886:BOW:
761:S2CID
532:S2CID
228:Kenya
77:CITES
71:CITES
1055:3471
1011:NCBI
998:IUCN
985:ITIS
946:GBIF
925:6176
753:ISSN
690:ISSN
631:link
613:OCLC
588:ISSN
524:ISSN
454:2021
437:2016
392:Diet
378:Otus
348:IUCN
346:The
330:and
230:and
212:The
165:Otus
134:Aves
933:EoL
897:CoL
835:ADW
745:doi
682:doi
578:doi
516:doi
441:doi
1087::
1065::
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987::
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759:.
751:.
741:71
739:.
735:.
718:27
716:.
702:^
688:.
678:35
676:.
672:.
647:.
627:}}
623:{{
586:.
574:23
572:.
568:.
544:^
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522:.
512:81
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456:.
443::
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423:"
272:2
268:1
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263:6
239:-
216:(
79:)
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
