452:
428:
274:
468:
484:
512:
180:
440:
27:
496:
337:
451:
427:
383:
and several other countries. The following year, on
January 10, the first nest since World War II was officially registered and on March 1, 1990, the society was again registered in Poland. Currently the organization has 86 nests and claims to have approximately 10,000 members both in Poland and
408:(nests). The "Sokół" union continues the traditions of its pre-WWII predecessor and is committed to instilling the values of patriotism, education and civic duty in its young members as well as strengthening the love of the country and a sense of national identity. In 2017, the Polish
293:
of Poland, from the beginning, the Sokół movement met with police persecutions, controls, harassment and provocations. This stopped only after the Sokół accepted constant police supervision. Another change was that only adults could become members. Because of this, Sokół president
467:
364:
authorities banned the Sokół and it was not allowed to emerge after the war. It was not until 1988 that the ban was lifted by the
Communist authorities of Poland. During that time only minor nests continued their activity abroad, among the Polish diaspora in the
483:
511:
124:
328:, nor any other adult member had ever been members of Sokół. The jury canceled the laws, but this caused even more harassment from the police and attempts to penetrate the organizations by informers began.
273:
681:
312:
argued that the police had no proof and could present no link, neither personal nor financial, between these organizations and Sokół. He took the case all the way to the
Supreme Court of Justice in
495:
676:
439:
671:
400:. The society was registered on 10 January 1989 and then on 1 March 1990 its name was changed to Union of "Sokół" Gymnastics Societies in Poland (
302:, suggested setting up independent youth organizations, which would have rented, for a nominal pay, the gymnastic chambers by hours or days.
179:
666:
605:
308:
German police began to harass and persecute all the new organizations again, and for a time forbade any further activity. Attorney
67:
26:
625:
242:
416:
passed a special resolution commemorating the 150th anniversary of the foundation of the "Sokół" Polish
Gymnastic Society.
656:
582:
393:
661:
167:
199:
348:
After Poland regained her independence, in 1919 the nests formed in various partitions were united in the
562:
257:
sport. Because of that, many members left the organization in early 20th century and founded their own
230:
336:
325:
317:
651:
321:
250:
203:
142:
537:
458:
309:
295:
207:
237:), the Sokół tended to be right wing, with the majority of important posts taken by supporters of
202:. The basic aims of the society were promotion of gymnastics and national revival in all parts of
404:). Currently, the union has an estimated number of 8,000 members organized in 80 groups known as
353:
299:
290:
215:
226:
214:
authorities to allow for Sokół "nests" to be formed in German-held parts of Poland. After the
413:
583:"Zarys historii Towarzystwa Gimnastycznego „Sokół" – w 150. rocznicę powstania (1867-2017)"
196:
162:
117:
392:
In 1947, the organization was officially delegalized by the communist authorities of the
547:
375:
366:
286:
262:
219:
146:
626:"Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne "Sokół" – 150 lat działalności upamiętnione w uchwale Sejmu"
165:. The group's goal was to develop fitness, both physically and mentally, with a motto
645:
370:
305:
Alfred Filip Zawadyński was the first founder of Sokół, in Sokołów
Podlaski, Poland.
258:
238:
211:
502:
357:
396:. All information relating to the "Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society was subject to
542:
154:
397:
341:
246:
249:
and healthy life, as well as traditional moral values. The movement opposed
234:
489:
A team of members of "Sokół" Society joins the Polish
Legions, Kraków, 1914
289:, Sokół became an important group dedicated to Polish independence. In the
184:
278:
557:
192:
532:
380:
361:
313:
138:
89:
85:
277:
8th All-Polish
Congress of the "Falcon" Polish Gymnastic Society in
518:
474:
254:
178:
433:
A march of the "Sokół" Gymnastic
Society Orchestra, Poznań, 1934
409:
150:
63:
161:("Nests") – in all parts of Poland, as well as among the
229:
which emerged in Poland simultaneously (largely promoted by
606:"150th Anniversary of the Polish Gymnastic Society "Sokół""
501:
A poster announcing a meeting of the "Sokół" Society in
682:
Establishments in the
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
473:A gymnastics competition of the "Sokół" Society in
340:Members of the "Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society in
95:
81:
73:
59:
51:
33:
402:Związek Towarzystw Gimnastycznych "Sokół" w Polsce
316:. It was shown that the president of "Iskra",
8:
19:
16:Polish offshoot of the Czech Sokol movement
457:Silesian authorities and "Sokół" members,
25:
18:
335:
272:
131:Polskie Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne "Sokół"
55:Jan Żaplachta-Zapałowicz, Józef Milleret
574:
423:
677:1867 establishments in Austria-Hungary
265:- the first football team in Poland.
191:Sokół was formed February 7, 1867 in
116:
7:
350:Union of Gymnastic Societies "Sokół"
206:Poland. In 1885 the first chairman,
157:the movement had its units –
149:organization of Poland. Created in
129:, English: Falcon), or in full the
14:
517:125th anniversary of TG Sokół in
135:"Falcon" Polish Gymnastic Society
20:"Falcon" Polish Gymnastic Society
510:
494:
482:
466:
450:
438:
426:
171:("a fit spirit in a fit body").
68:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
672:Sports organisations of Poland
1:
218:the Sokół expanded into the
698:
168:mens sana in corpore sano
163:Polish communities abroad
134:
24:
667:Social history of Poland
394:Polish People's Republic
210:managed to convince the
445:TG Sokół Katowice, 1935
153:in 1867, by the end of
39:; 157 years ago
345:
282:
188:
354:Polish defeat in 1939
339:
298:, and vice-president
276:
182:
195:, then a capital of
143:Czech Sokol movement
37:7 February 1867
459:Silesian Parliament
296:Bernard Chrzanowski
21:
657:Polish nationalism
563:Związek Strzelecki
346:
324:, and of "Ogniwo"
300:Ksawery Zakrzewski
283:
225:As opposed to the
216:Revolution of 1905
189:
77:gymnastics society
662:Culture of Poland
269:In Greater Poland
261:, among them the
227:Scouting movement
187:-based Sokół nest
145:, and the oldest
105:
104:
689:
636:
635:
633:
632:
622:
616:
615:
613:
612:
602:
596:
595:
593:
592:
587:
579:
514:
498:
486:
470:
454:
442:
430:
326:Edmund Maćkowiak
318:Kazimierz Syller
291:German partition
197:Austro-Hungarian
141:offshoot of the
136:
128:
127:
126:
120:
118:[ˈsɔkuw]
115:
47:
45:
40:
29:
22:
697:
696:
692:
691:
690:
688:
687:
686:
642:
641:
640:
639:
630:
628:
624:
623:
619:
610:
608:
604:
603:
599:
590:
588:
585:
581:
580:
576:
571:
529:
522:
515:
506:
499:
490:
487:
478:
477:, France, 1920s
471:
462:
455:
446:
443:
434:
431:
422:
390:
334:
322:Stanisław Szulc
271:
243:National League
231:Józef Piłsudski
177:
123:
122:
121:
113:
98:
43:
41:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
695:
693:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
644:
643:
638:
637:
617:
597:
573:
572:
570:
567:
566:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
528:
525:
524:
523:
516:
509:
507:
500:
493:
491:
488:
481:
479:
472:
465:
463:
456:
449:
447:
444:
437:
435:
432:
425:
421:
418:
389:
386:
376:Polish Falcons
367:United Kingdom
333:
330:
287:Greater Poland
270:
267:
259:football clubs
245:. It promoted
220:Russian Empire
183:Banner of the
176:
173:
147:youth movement
103:
102:
99:
97:Region served
96:
93:
92:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
694:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
627:
621:
618:
607:
601:
598:
584:
578:
575:
568:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
526:
520:
513:
508:
504:
497:
492:
485:
480:
476:
469:
464:
460:
453:
448:
441:
436:
429:
424:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
387:
385:
382:
378:
377:
372:
371:United States
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
343:
338:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
303:
301:
297:
292:
288:
280:
275:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Roman Dmowski
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:Józef Millert
205:
201:
198:
194:
186:
181:
174:
172:
170:
169:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
132:
125:
119:
111:
110:
100:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
36:
32:
28:
23:
629:. Retrieved
620:
609:. Retrieved
600:
589:. Retrieved
577:
552:
405:
401:
391:
374:
352:. After the
349:
347:
332:Between wars
307:
304:
284:
224:
190:
166:
158:
130:
108:
107:
106:
82:Headquarters
543:Morgnshtern
320:, "Brzask"
310:Chrzanowski
263:Czarni Lwów
204:partitioned
155:World War I
646:Categories
631:2019-07-29
611:2019-07-29
591:2019-07-29
569:References
398:censorship
247:gymnastics
235:socialists
137:), is the
133:(English:
60:Founded at
44:1867-02-07
388:Post WWII
527:See also
384:abroad.
356:the new
279:Katowice
255:plebeian
251:football
558:Turners
538:Maccabi
420:Gallery
406:gniazda
342:Wrocław
253:, as a
200:Galicia
175:History
159:gniazda
114:Polish:
52:Founder
42: (
34:Founded
533:Hapoel
521:, 2014
505:, 1928
461:, 1934
414:Senate
381:France
358:Soviet
344:, 1910
314:Berlin
281:, 1937
212:German
185:Będzin
139:Polish
101:Poland
90:Poland
86:Warsaw
652:Sokół
586:(PDF)
553:Sokół
548:Sokol
519:Sanok
475:Dechy
109:Sokół
503:Łódź
412:and
410:Sejm
362:Nazi
360:and
193:Lwów
151:Lwów
74:Type
64:Lwów
379:),
285:In
241:'s
233:'s
648::
369:,
222:.
88:,
66:,
634:.
614:.
594:.
373:(
112:(
46:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
