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The mature fruits are smooth, round, yellow and ¾ to 1¼ inches in diameter with a leathery-skin surrounding a thin-layered, pale green, scented pulp and 180 to 420 flattened, reddish brown seeds. Each plant is capable of producing 200 or more fruit per year. Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum)
415:
is native to Brazil and
Argentina, and was first discovered in the United States in 1988, having probably been introduced through contaminated seed or other agricultural products. It crowds out native species and forage for livestock Its habitat is terrestrial, in fields,
427:
or plant in
Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas, and Vermont, and in California and Oregon it's a quarantine pest. It is a prohibited noxious weed in Arizona and Minnesota; Prohibited in Massachusetts; and a
455:), natural areas, etc. in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi. Although it can be a threat to a variety of habitat, it tends to be most problematic in pastures in the Mid South.
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Since its introduction into the U.S., tropical soda apple has spread rapidly, and currently infests an estimated one million acres of
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420:, and open forest. It is spread by livestock and wildlife, such as raccoons, deer, feral hogs, and birds feeding on fruits.
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in South
Carolina and Tennessee. It is also listed as a tier 1 noxious weed in Virginia, along with
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639:(Chrysomelidae), first biocontrol agent released against tropical soda apple in Florida.
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to reduce the abundance of this plant in the United States, particularly in
Florida.
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468:, the tropical soda apple leaf beetle, has been used successfully as an agent of
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stem and prickly leaves. The fruit is golf-ball-sized with the coloration of a
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443:, citrus groves, sugarcane fields, ditches, vegetable crops,
513:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
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Establishment and initial impact of the leaf-beetle
709:
689:National Invasive Species Information Center,
8:
595:National Invasive Species Information Center
691:United States National Agricultural Library
615:"Virginia Administrative Code 2VAC5-371-20"
245:in the lower eastern coastal states of the
697:
580:. April 2006. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
269:, one of which is particularly ambiguous:
31:
20:
683:Species Profile - Tropical Soda Apple (
591:"Species Profile - Tropical Soda Apple"
490:
633:Medal, J. C. and J. P. Cuda. (2010).
511:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
7:
1049:88d5e444-6472-43c5-93e0-17b63a512a6d
481:usually grows to 3–6 ft tall.
14:
555:, The Macleay Argus, 19 Oct 2010"
1114:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330693-2
677:Global Invasive Species Database
663:
49:
1:
342:as described by Otto Sendtner
200:
372:Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
1202:
265:This species has several
197:
190:
173:
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46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
447:farms, forestlands (oak
408:Introduction and control
389:Not to be confused with
553:Soda apple a new threat
470:biological pest control
355:Sengupta & Sengupta
533:"USDA Plants Database"
423:It is classified as a
241:. It is considered an
672:at Wikimedia Commons
649:Florida Entomologist
561:on October 25, 2010.
458:It is controlled by
380:Solanum viridiflorum
249:and recently on the
274:Solanum chloranthum
216:tropical soda apple
1186:Flora of Argentina
644:2018-05-20 at the
637:Gratiana boliviana
465:Gratiana boliviana
1163:
1162:
1070:Open Tree of Life
703:Taxon identifiers
668:Media related to
574:(2006): –
572:Solanaceae Source
441:improved pastures
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367:S. aculeatissimum
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348:Solanum khasianum
286:as described by
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557:. Archived from
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370:as described by
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332:as described by
311:Philipp Salzmann
309:as described by
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243:invasive species
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16:Species of shrub
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659:External links
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364:proper is now
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330:S. chloranthum
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434:giant hogweed
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418:rights-of-way
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391:S. acuminatum
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559:the original
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515:. Retrieved
510:
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425:noxious weed
422:
412:
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400:S. caavurana
398:
395:viridiflorum
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362:S. khasianum
361:
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339:S. arenarium
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301:S. velutinum
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1008:NatureServe
920:iNaturalist
735:Wikispecies
517:17 November
462:herbicide.
324:S. agrarium
319:de Candolle
296:von Martius
89:Angiosperms
1170:Categories
1083:Plant List
620:2018-06-19
600:2016-02-14
499:USDA, NRCS
485:References
430:plant pest
239:watermelon
225:native to
135:Solanaceae
1000:101534565
873:200020610
860:200020610
476:Flowering
460:triclopyr
313:based on
290:based on
255:Australia
231:Argentina
220:perennial
153:Species:
125:Solanales
59:Kingdom:
1140:29600152
1135:Tropicos
1127:2853-196
1034:NSWFlora
1013:2.150308
961:10857345
948:330693-2
720:Wikidata
642:Archived
501:(n.d.).
449:hammocks
383:Schltdl.
267:synonyms
261:Synonyms
192:Synonyms
131:Family:
115:Asterids
102:Eudicots
1176:Solanum
886:2931914
726:Q311006
336:is now
321:is now
298:is now
288:Poeppig
235:prickly
233:with a
218:, is a
146:Solanum
141:Genus:
121:Order:
63:Plantae
1096:PLANTS
1075:450048
1062:156846
1046:NZOR:
1026:215581
987:505273
925:169088
912:317433
847:solvia
844:FEIS:
824:482894
798:438824
785:192115
772:119849
769:APDB:
749:AoFP:
227:Brazil
214:, the
40:Fruit
1122:SANBI
1101:SOVI2
974:50562
956:IRMNG
932:IPA:
837:SOLVI
811:6Z5BM
759:APA:
393:var.
350:var.
315:Dunal
223:shrub
184:Dunal
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
70:Clade
1109:POWO
1021:NCBI
995:IUCN
982:ITIS
943:IPNI
935:2446
907:GRIN
894:GISD
881:GBIF
832:EPPO
793:BOLD
780:APNI
762:3577
519:2015
451:and
229:and
201:text
199:See
1148:WFO
969:ISC
899:265
868:FoC
855:FNA
819:EoL
806:CoL
445:sod
317:in
294:in
277:DC.
253:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
