72:
669:
33:
661:
492:
525:. These initial land allotments resulted in triumph for some and despair for others. Indeed, specifically following World War I, in some cases these new farmers, unable to cope with the climatic variances of Australia and lacking the capital to increase stock or quality of life, simply walked off the land back to the large towns and cities from whence they had come.
506:, was allocated to Australian returning soldiers who in order to buy or lease such a block were required to be certified as qualified and to remain in residence on that land for five years. In this way remote rural areas set aside for such settlement were guaranteed a population expansion which remained to increase infrastructure in the area.
113:
Government held responsibility for defence, and thus might have taken responsibility for demobilised soldiers, it was the states which took responsibility for land settlement and thus enacted separate soldier settlement schemes. The states also wished to take an active role in recognising the contribution of soldiers.
687:
Ex-servicemen were required to apply for such land via completion of appropriate paperwork and if successful a soldier could gain additional financial assistance for the purpose of clearing, fencing, drainage, water supply and other improvement of the land as well as for the erection of buildings and
679:
The State
Government of New South Wales introduced the Returned Soldiers Settlement Act, 1916 shortly after the combined Australian and State meeting held in Melbourne earlier that year (see above). Soldiers who had served outside of Australia either as a part of the Australian Imperial Forces or as
112:
Other than supporting soldiers and sailors that were returning from those wars the various governments also saw the opportunity of attracting both
Australians and specific groups of allied service personnel to some of the otherwise little inhabited, remote areas of Australia. Although the Australian
565:
The South
Australian government responded as early as 1915 with the first of the acts of parliament designed to both repatriate and compensate returning servicemen, and to meet the political and economic need to 'sponsor' the development of intensively productive agriculture pursuits. Soldiers were
651:
However whilst the first world war settlers had achieved only a modicum of success the benefit of that previous experience helped the second world war veterans, particularly in Loxton, to avoid some past mistakes and with the assistance of the
Department of Lands, the community worked together in
125:
was repeatedly criticised by overseers from the Closer
Settlement Board for having to hire labour to do some of the more difficult physical tasks. The Board disregarded the fact that the plot she had been assigned had no water, and that Smith often obtained local labour for free, swapping nursing
789:
During the 1920s soldier settlers struggled and of those allocated blocks under the scheme, only sixty-one per cent were on blocks in 1934. By 1939 60% had left their blocks. The scheme was criticised by a
Victorian Royal Commission in 1925 and a later Australian Government inquiry. The Royal
691:
By 1917 the state government saw fit to enact the
Returned Soldiers Settlement (Amendment) Act, which broadened the definition of returned soldiers to include those who had not enlisted in Australia and those who had not served overseas, as well as providing for potential further categories of
126:
advice for one-off jobs. In 1926 Smith vacated the lot, with no war pension left and mounting debt. Confounding the Board's assumption that her status as a single woman had rendered her unequal to the task, the two subsequent male owners of the property also failed to make the land profitable.
612:
and had been a member of the
British Army or Navy or of the Australian Imperial Force or of any other naval or military force raised in any part of the British Empire for service in that War, or to the widow (who had children) of any such who had died or dies from wounds inflicted, accident
108:
was used where possible, but much land was acquired. By 1924, just over 24 million acres (97,000 km) had been acquired or allocated. Of this nearly 6.3 million acres (25,000 km) was purchased and 18 million acres (73,000 km) was crown land set aside. 23.2 million acres
852:
By 1958, demand for land by ex-servicemen had declined, but the scheme had been so successful that the government was reluctant to end it, so it instead opened it up to all civilians. This continued until 1969, when a wheat glut forced the government to impose quotas on wheat planting.
636:(RSL) lobbied the state government to open up more land for returned soldiers at Loxton, and returning soldiers were informed of the scheme at the RSL through handout material. Settlement schemes after World War II also led to the establishment of the new towns of
116:
In addition to soldiers, nurses and female relatives of deceased soldiers were also able to apply for the scheme. However, in cases where women did take on land, they were often given little chance to succeed. Annie Smith, a returned nurse who began a dairy farm in
536:
fought alongside other
Australian troops in both World Wars, only a very small number of indigenous applications were successful, including two in Victoria and one in New South Wales. In some cases, land was taken from indigenous Australians, such as at
101:
following the end of their service in this first global conflict. The meeting agreed that it was the
Australian Government's role to select and acquire land whilst the State government authorities would process applications and grant land allotments.
1758:
Report of the Royal Commission appointed to inquire into and report upon the War Service Land Settlement Scheme in Western Australia, and to recommend such changes in procedure and methods as may seem desirable to ensure the early success of the
528:
The success of the program increased after World War II when the infrastructure required for these new farmers was improved as a direct result of learning from the mistakes that came during and after the first attempts at such settlement.
92:
to consider a report prepared by the Federal Parliamentary War Committee regarding the settlement of returned soldiers on the land. The report focused specifically on a federal-state cooperative process of selling or leasing
71:
680:
a part of the British Defence Service and who had been honourably discharged were eligible to apply for Crown Lands. This was land that the Australian Government had acquired under either the Closer Settlement Acts,
823:
After World War II, the Soldier Settlement Scheme was refined in the light of past failures. Blocks were bigger, were more carefully selected and roads, housing and fences were supplied to prospective settlers.
87:
first enacting legislation in 1915. Similar schemes gained impetus across Australia in February 1916 when a conference of representatives from the Australian Government and all the state governments was held in
652:
order to survive and prosper. Irrigation schemes that eventually arrived saw the advent of the productive orchard and vineyard concerns that became so important to the overall region as it exists today.
1828:
Settlement and employment of returned men on the land : the Commission's second report to the Honorable J.B. Chifley, M.P., Minister for Post-war Reconstruction, dated 18th day of January 1944
1408:
968:
843:
and south west region. Initially, fully and partially developed farms were bought, improved and subdivided by the government, then sold to returned soldiers. Loans were also offered.
357:
By 30 June 1924 a total of 23,367 returned soldiers and sailors had taken up settlement farms on 23,275,380 acres (94,192 km) across Australia as per the following breakdown:
1462:
483:
with all Australian state governments using the previous and amended forms of such acts of parliament to reinvigorate the programme for this new generation of returned soldiers.
566:
informed of the availability of the scheme via the media and in the material provided in both recruitment packages and general information forwarded to men serving overseas.
569:
Settlement schemes during and after the conclusion of World War I saw properties specialising in dairy, grapes, vegetables, grains, and grazing develop along the River in
1528:
625:
twenty years earlier in which unemployed city people were provided with land and expected to be able to clear and farm it with no relevant experience in farming.
758:
of 1917 established a scheme. Between 1918 and 1934, 11,639 returned servicemen were allocated blocks under this soldier settlement scheme. Most settled in the
1971:
1409:
https://web.archive.org/web/20091021191921/http://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/DISCHARGED%20SOLDIERS%20SETTLEMENT%20ACT%201934/CURRENT/1934.2152.UN.PDF
1361:
1576:
1498:
1389:
905:
509:
Soldiers who were successful in gaining such a block of land had the opportunity to start a farming life in a number of rural activities including as
927:
960:
1976:
1956:
1755:
Western Australia. Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into and Report upon the War Service Land Settlement Scheme in Western Australia (1957),
632:
Irrigation Area, which became the largest such scheme in South Australia, and to another part of the previously developed area of Chaffey. The
1693:
1662:
622:
1412:
1889:
1628:
1056:
1951:
1458:
1875:
Western Australia (1923). Royal Commission on Repatriated Soldiers of the A.I.F. under the Discharged Soldiers' Settlement Act, 1918.
1335:
1000:
1870:
1856:
1842:
807:
It was also claimed that returned soldiers were allocated blocks of land without having established their ability to manage a farm.
1941:
1194:
1981:
688:
the purchase of stock, seeds, implements, plants and similar material necessary for the occupation and development of the land.
1894:
1593:
931:
285:
1877:
Report of the Royal Commission on Repatriated Soldiers of the A.I.F., under "The Discharged Soldiers' Settlement Act, 1918".
1291:
820:
became the headquarters of the Murray Valley Soldier Settlement Area – one of the largest soldier settlements in Australia.
668:
1521:
840:
178:
846:
In 1949, the price of land rose sharply, so the government began to develop virgin Crown land in the south of the state.
1167:
828:
700:
681:
267:
32:
1217:
767:
704:
201:
1957:
From Gallipoli to Australian farms: Soldier settler success and failure and contribution to the future of agriculture
695:
In the period October 1917 – June 1920?, twelve soldier settlement projects were commenced. Projects areas included
1787:
1489:
736:
696:
645:
496:
1239:
1899:
708:
617:
to teach soldiers the skills they would need to be successful as farmers. The training farm was an initiative of
614:
574:
226:
143:
742:
New South Wales also repeated the process following World War II with settlements commencing in areas including
1573:
1484:
1386:
743:
660:
633:
590:
290:
231:
191:
186:
138:
586:
1916:
596:
Following a number of acts that dealt with Soldier Settlement the South Australian government introduced the
712:
672:
629:
582:
307:
216:
196:
897:
562:
during the years leading up to the war returned to find that their previous jobs were no longer available.
1835:
Shelford : a preliminary report of a social and economic study of a Victorian soldier settlement area
1494:
935:
578:
533:
253:
241:
236:
1909:
1162:
1547:
1921:
1904:
811:
618:
542:
327:
249:
221:
211:
206:
160:
1116:
Christmas greetings from the Minister and Officers of the Department of Public Lands, Brisbane, 1920
173:
169:
118:
839:
In Western Australia, the War Service Land Settlement Scheme settled hundreds of soldiers, in the
1658:
865:, United States legislation with many of the same effects after the end of the American Civil War
503:
331:
322:
317:
245:
1636:
1060:
1866:
1852:
1838:
1689:
1431:
771:
759:
441:
164:
684:
Act, or was available as a part of general disposal under the Crown Lands Consolidation Act.
558:
Following World War I, soldiers who had previously worked on irrigation activities along the
732:
425:
1580:
1560:
1485:"Pompoota Hall centenary: little-known tales of SA's soldier-settler scheme to be re-told"
1444:
1393:
1004:
783:
763:
641:
393:
377:
280:
84:
1946:
1218:"'They were back to being black': The land withheld from returning Indigenous soldiers"
1190:
779:
613:
occurring, or disease contracted whilst on service. A training farm was established at
98:
1965:
862:
122:
1313:
495:
Memorial marking the site of the first commercial rice crop in the Murray Valley at
1601:
874:
720:
559:
480:
56:
1522:"Twentieth Century Heritage Survey – Stage 1:Post Second World War (1946 -1959)"
1137:
1001:"Land of Hope: Soldier Settlement in the Western District of Victoria 1918–1930"
871:, United States legislation with the same aim of assisting World War II veterans
609:
608:
for the benefit of any discharged soldier who had served in connection with the
491:
302:
80:
52:
17:
1003:. The Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History. Archived from
538:
409:
105:
94:
790:
Commission identified four main reasons for the failure of soldier settlers:
1936:
868:
89:
44:
1292:"Fighting for Country: Soldier settlement stories of our Indigenous Anzacs"
1114:
59:. The post-World War II settlements were co-ordinated by the Commonwealth
1735:
War Service Land Settlement and re-establishment rural loans schemes 1945
1733:
1709:
817:
637:
570:
457:
346:
342:
148:
1781:
1756:
1264:
831:
was one of the last large scale soldier settlement schemes in Victoria.
1905:
Video accounts from the Red Cliffs soldier settlement area in Victoria.
716:
338:
312:
258:
36:
Settler's cottage – Kentucky, New South Wales Soldier Settlement Estate
1366:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1340:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
775:
518:
1783:
History of the war service land settlement scheme, Western Australia
1191:"NSW Country Hour – ABC Rural (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"
1138:"The soldiers involved with the Pikedale soldier settlement scheme"
1635:. Victorian Department of Primary Industries. 2006. Archived from
728:
667:
659:
522:
514:
490:
350:
263:
109:(93,900 km) had been allotted 23,367 farms across Australia.
70:
31:
1849:
The limits of hope : soldier settlement in Victoria, 1915–38
1837:
Melbourne : University of Melbourne, School of Agriculture.
1686:
The limits of hope : soldier settlement in Victoria, 1915–38
1947:
National Archives of Australia soldier settlement research guide
1780:
Barrett, A. R; Western Australia. Land Settlement Board (1965),
510:
1863:
The last shilling : a history of repatriation in Australia
724:
628:
Settlement schemes after World War II expanded to include the
1459:"Pompoota Training Farm to be commemorated in new exhibition"
1269:
Koori History – Aboriginal History of South Eastern Australia
479:
The procedure of supporting such soldiers was repeated after
1830:. Canberra : L.F. Johnston, Commonwealth Govt. Printer.
1527:. Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia.
961:"Special Article – Settlement of returned soldiers 1914–18"
1937:
Battle to Farm: WWI soldier settlement records in Victoria
1028:
The Limits of Hope: Soldier Settlement in Victoria 1915–38
849:
In 1957 a royal commission was conducted into the scheme.
664:
Carting posts at Oban, New South Wales Soldiers Settlement
1952:
NSW State Archives & Records soldier settlement guide
675:
Soldier's Settlement Estate – settlers and their families
1810:
Western Australia:An Atlas of Human Endeavour: 1829–1979
1045:. Ringwood: Penguin Books Australia. pp. 297–305.
1030:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 40–42.
1461:. Government of South Australia. 11 November 2016.
1240:"Families seek recognition for Aboriginal soldiers"
502:In most cases Crown land, including some land from
1826:Australia. Rural Reconstruction Commission.(1944)
1732:War Service Land Settlement Scheme (W.A.) (1945),
1119:, John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland
739:was subdivided for soldier-settlement in 1919.
43:was the settlement of land throughout parts of
1910:Case Study of Trawalla Estate Soldier Settlers
75:Queensland Soldiers' Settlements, October 1920
955:
953:
129:Areas that gained such settlements included:
79:Such settlement plans initially began during
8:
762:(both on dryland and irrigated properties),
1623:
1621:
1619:
1833:Hawkins, H.S. and A.S. Watson, A.S.(1972)
1057:"australiandiggers.com Soldier Settlement"
1043:Double Time: Women in Victoria – 150 Years
803:Prices received for agricultural products.
1574:State Library of South Australia – op cit
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
967:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1925.
703:in the outer metropolitan area and rural
487:Rules of holding soldier settlement land
359:
51:administered by state governments after
1942:Soldier On: WWI soldier settler stories
1917:"Bankstown Soldier Settlement Milperra"
1193:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
886:
794:The selection of inexperienced settlers
47:by returning discharged soldiers under
1895:NSW Images related to Soldier Settlers
1556:
1545:
1440:
1429:
1163:"Soldier Settler House (entry 602229)"
971:from the original on 17 September 2007
908:from the original on 27 September 2007
892:
890:
598:Discharged Soldier Settlement Act 1934
1865:Carlton, Melbourne University Press.
1790:from the original on 20 December 2016
1220:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
7:
1861:Lloyd, Clem and Rees, Jacqui (1994)
1851:Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
1501:from the original on 1 December 2017
1465:from the original on 1 December 2017
1197:from the original on 3 November 2012
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
600:which consolidated acts such as the
1972:History of agriculture in Australia
756:Discharged Soldiers' Settlement Act
1762:, Western Australia, Govt. Printer
1711:War Service Land Settlement Scheme
1314:"World War One's forgotten Anzacs"
965:1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1925
898:"- State Archives and Records NSW"
25:
1665:from the original on 24 June 2015
1594:"Grantham Heritage Park Memorial"
1534:from the original on 5 March 2018
715:. Industries commenced included
1812:. Western Australian Government.
1387:State Library of South Australia
648:in the south east of the state.
449:9,094,711 acres (36,804 km)
401:8,134,009 acres (32,917 km)
385:2,779,078 acres (11,247 km)
1900:QLD Archives Soldier Settlement
902:investigator.records.nsw.gov.au
433:2,290,489 acres (9,269 km)
27:Type of settlement in Australia
1977:Australian soldier settlements
1786:, A.B. Davies, Govt. printer,
932:National Archives of Australia
810:The soldier settler scheme in
1:
1171:. Queensland Heritage Council
465:271,537 acres (1,098 km)
417:705,565 acres (2,855 km)
179:Beerburrum Soldier Settlement
61:Soldier Settlement Commission
1168:Queensland Heritage Register
829:Heytesbury Settlement Scheme
800:The size of blocks allocated
345:(including the new towns of
1879:Perth, W.A.: Govt. Printer.
1688:. Oxford University Press.
330:(including the township of
202:Coominya Soldier Settlement
1998:
1629:"Settlement: Introduction"
1598:War Memorials in Australia
1490:The Murray Valley Standard
1336:"Military service records"
1290:Lee, Tim (13 April 2019).
521:, pigs, fruit, fodder and
497:Tullakool, New South Wales
49:soldier settlement schemes
1316:. BBC News. 23 April 2015
1216:Tim Lee (14 April 2019).
928:"Defence service records"
97:to soldiers who had been
1579:14 November 2012 at the
1392:14 November 2012 at the
999:Keneley, Monica (2000).
735:. The pastoral property
634:Returned Services League
268:soldier settler's houses
1982:Crown land in Australia
1915:Glenys Allison (2010).
875:Roman legion § Pay
682:Murrumbidgee Irrigation
468:1,935 settlement farms
452:1,095 settlement farms
436:8,640 settlement farms
404:6,448 settlement farms
388:3,240 settlement farms
1808:Jarvis, N. T. (1979).
1684:Lake, Marilyn (1987).
1633:The Virtual Exhibition
1592:Olling, Wayne (2005).
1555:Cite journal requires
1520:Susan Marsden (2004).
1495:Fairfax Regional Media
1041:Lake, Marilyn (1985).
1026:Lake, Marilyn (1987).
934:. 2005. Archived from
676:
665:
534:Aboriginal Australians
532:Despite the fact that
499:
420:2000 settlement farms
270:is now heritage-listed
76:
37:
1890:Australiandiggers.com
1847:Lake, Marilyn.(1987)
1406:legislation.sa.gov.au
1113:Unidentified (1920),
814:was very successful.
671:
663:
621:who had observed the
494:
74:
35:
1922:Dictionary of Sydney
1362:"Why did they join?"
812:Red Cliffs, Victoria
602:Crown Lands Act 1929
543:Cummeragunja Reserve
1497:. 16 January 2017.
1007:on 5 September 2012
623:Village Settlements
606:Irrigation Act 1930
549:Settlement by state
504:Aboriginal reserves
266:, where one of the
1418:on 21 October 2009
1368:. 17 November 2015
1342:. 27 November 2015
1142:amiens-qld-history
1063:on 5 February 2007
938:on 26 January 2007
677:
666:
500:
77:
41:Soldier settlement
38:
1695:978-0-19-554666-8
1661:. 16 April 2013.
1659:"Town Settlement"
1439:Missing or empty
835:Western Australia
772:Central Gippsland
472:
471:
442:Western Australia
16:(Redirected from
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1059:. Archived from
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1038:
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1016:
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996:
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918:
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913:
894:
768:Western District
733:market gardening
372:Number of farms
366:Scheme commenced
360:
21:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1988:
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1961:
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1821:Further reading
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1642:
1640:
1639:on 21 June 2007
1627:
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1607:
1605:
1604:on 24 July 2008
1591:
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1586:
1581:Wayback Machine
1572:
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941:
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896:
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888:
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859:
837:
797:Lack of capital
784:Goulburn Valley
764:South Gippsland
752:
658:
656:New South Wales
642:Kangaroo Island
619:Samuel McIntosh
556:
554:South Australia
551:
489:
477:
394:New South Wales
378:South Australia
281:Kangaroo Island
275:South Australia
133:New South Wales
85:South Australia
69:
28:
23:
22:
18:Soldier settler
15:
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782:and in the
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217:Gordonbrook
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183:Burrandowan
99:demobilised
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67:World War I
53:World War I
1966:Categories
1794:7 December
1766:7 December
1741:7 December
1718:7 December
1608:26 January
1505:1 December
1294:. ABC News
881:References
705:Glen Innes
692:soldiers.
539:Coranderrk
410:Queensland
328:Red Cliffs
254:Cottonvale
242:Stanthorpe
237:Ridgelands
155:Queensland
106:Crown land
95:Crown land
869:G.I. Bill
841:Wheatbelt
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610:Great War
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90:Melbourne
45:Australia
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969:Archived
906:Archived
857:See also
818:Numurkah
750:Victoria
709:Hillston
646:Padthway
638:Parndana
615:Pompoota
604:and the
575:Waikerie
571:Cobdogla
458:Tasmania
426:Victoria
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337:Karadoc/
332:Cardross
323:Numurkah
318:Mortlake
297:Victoria
250:Pikedale
212:El Arish
207:Enoggera
161:Atherton
149:Tarcutta
144:Griffith
1669:5 March
1643:2 March
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1422:5 March
1201:5 March
1067:5 March
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912:5 March
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717:poultry
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587:Chaffey
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139:Dorrigo
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713:Batlow
711:, and
673:Batlow
630:Loxton
583:Cadell
519:cattle
246:Amiens
1532:(PDF)
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774:near
729:fruit
579:Berri
523:grain
515:dairy
363:State
351:Iraak
264:Ubobo
165:Tolga
1930:2015
1867:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1839:ISBN
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1768:2016
1743:2016
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1690:ISBN
1671:2018
1645:2007
1610:2009
1561:help
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1507:2017
1471:2017
1445:help
1424:2018
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1177:2014
1149:2024
1125:2019
1069:2018
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827:The
780:Sale
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