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applies only to periodic potentials, and since unceasing random movements of atoms in a crystal disrupt periodicity, this use of Bloch's theorem is only an approximation, but it has proven to be a tremendously valuable approximation, without which most solid-state physics analysis would be
235:. The DSSP catered to industrial physicists, and solid-state physics became associated with the technological applications made possible by research on solids. By the early 1960s, the DSSP was the largest division of the American Physical Society.
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The sizes of the individual crystals in a crystalline solid material vary depending on the material involved and the conditions when it was formed. Most crystalline materials encountered in everyday life are
270:, and diverse other phenomena. During the early Cold War, research in solid state physics was often not restricted to solids, which led some physicists in the 1970s and 1980s to found the field of
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in a solid. By assuming that the material contains immobile positive ions and an "electron gas" of classical, non-interacting electrons, the Drude model was able to explain electrical and
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The physical properties of solids have been common subjects of scientific inquiry for centuries, but a separate field going by the name of solid-state physics did not emerge until the
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resulting from the polarisation of the electronic charge cloud on each atom. The differences between the types of solid result from the differences between their bonding.
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or irregularities in the ideal arrangements, and it is these defects that critically determine many of the electrical and mechanical properties of real materials.
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properties of solids. Depending on the material involved and the conditions in which it was formed, the atoms may be arranged in a regular, geometric pattern (
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meant to model the interaction between the conduction electrons and the ions in a crystalline solid. By introducing the idea of
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Solid materials are formed from densely packed atoms, which interact intensely. These interactions produce the mechanical (e.g.
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in a crystal — its defining characteristic — facilitates mathematical modeling. Likewise, crystalline materials often have
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in metals, although it greatly overestimated the electronic heat capacity.
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Out of the
Crystal Maze. Chapters from the History of Solid State Physics
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Out of the
Crystal Maze: Chapters from The History of Solid State Physics
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The bulk of solid-state physics, as a general theory, is focused on
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Large communities of solid state physicists also emerged in
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Modern research topics in solid-state physics include:
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Branch of physics focused on matter in the solid state
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187:sodium
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