126:
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143:
1162:
Zamora, Samuel; Lefebvre, Bertrand; Javier Álvaro, J.; Clausen, Sébastien; Elicki, Olaf; Fatka, Oldrich; Jell, Peter; Kouchinsky, Artem; Lin, Jih-Pai; Nardin, Elise; Parsley, Ronald; Rozhnov, Sergei; Sprinkle, James; Sumrall, Colin D.; Vizcaïno, Daniel; Smith, Andrew B. (2013). "Cambrian echinoderm
1123:"A probable case of heterochrony in the solutan Dendrocystites Barrande, 1887 (Echinodermata: Blastozoa) from the Upper Ordovician of the Prague Basin (Czech Republic) and a revision of the family Dendrocystitidae Bassler, 1938"
834:
Lefebvre, Bertrand; Derstler, Kraig; Sumrall, Colin D. (2012). "A reinterpretation of the solutan
Plasiacystis mobilis (Echinodermata) from the Middle Ordovician of Bohemia".
1326:
1024:
Jefferies, R. P. S. (1990). "The solute
Dendrocystites scoticus from the Upper Ordovician of Scotland and the ancestry of chordates and echinoderms".
1360:
948:"Morphologic and systematic revision of the solute Maennilia estonica (Homoiostelea, Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician of Estonia"
1355:
1319:
782:. Another hypothesis holds that they are specialized descendants of radiate echinoderms which lost radial symmetry, likely belonging to
125:
1350:
1312:
909:"Laurentian origin of solutan echinoderms: new evidence from the Guzhangian (Cambrian Series 3) Weeks Formation of Utah, USA"
1083:
947:
908:
863:"The first solute which is attached as an adult: a Mid-Cambrian fossil from Utah with echinoderm and chordate affinities"
766:
The phylogenetic position of Soluta is contentious. Solutans are widely agreed to be echinoderms, though the outmoded
1099:
767:
163:
1238:
1200:
308:
skeleton and two appendages, an arm extending anteriorly and a posterior appendage called a homoiostele.
276:
that lived from the Middle
Cambrian to the Early Devonian. The class is also known by its junior synonym
1247:
670:
596:
500:
653:
426:
385:
629:
524:
467:
409:
368:
31:
548:
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1103:
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967:
928:
344:
158:
579:
450:
1144:
884:
1172:
1134:
1095:
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998:
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843:
779:
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879:
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281:
52:
1284:
1339:
1184:
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1002:
971:
932:
83:
1107:
1068:
208:
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17:
142:
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847:
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58:
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1292:
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103:
68:
1148:
1139:
1122:
888:
814:
783:
771:
293:
175:
108:
1262:
813:
classes to appear in the fossil record. Solutes appear to have evolved in
1217:
789:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
1084:"Are homalozoans echinoderms? An answer from the extraxial-axial theory"
1044:
810:
806:
305:
113:
88:
48:
1082:
David, Bruno; Lefebvre, Bertrand; Mooi, Rich; Parsley, Ronald (2000).
963:
285:
185:
1194:
1060:
1176:
946:
Parsley, Ronald L.; Rozhnov, Sergei V.; Sumrall, Colin D. (2012).
774:. Within echinoderms, one hypothesis holds that stylophorans are
1198:
1121:
Noailles, Fleur; Lefebvre, Bertrand; Kašička, Libor (2014).
1100:
10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0529:AHEAAF>2.0.CO;2
778:
echinoderms which branched off before echinoderms evolved
280:. Soluta is one of the four "carpoid" classes, alongside
1300:
809:
age of the
Cambrian. Solutes were the last of the four
770:
held that they were ancestral to both echinoderms and
316:
Most solutes were free-living, but the basal solutan
817:, but became more widespread during the Ordovician.
320:
used its homoiostele as a holdfast, as did juvenile
258:
252:
1207:
907:Lefebvre, Bertrand; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy (2017).
902:
900:
898:
1320:
8:
1327:
1313:
1195:
141:
124:
38:
1138:
878:
867:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
760:Phylogenetic relationships within Soluta
1045:"The pre-radial history of echinoderms"
826:
292:, which made up the obsolete subphylum
7:
1281:
1279:
1165:Geological Society, London, Memoirs
1163:diversity and palaeobiogeography".
645:
621:
571:
564:
540:
516:
492:
442:
401:
360:
336:
880:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01659.x
25:
304:) were asymmetric animals with a
1283:
1003:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2009.00703.x
162:
1:
1361:Prehistoric echinoderm stubs
1299:. You can help Knowledge by
27:Extinct clade of echinoderms
848:10.11646/zoosymposia.7.1.27
1377:
1356:Prehistoric animal classes
1278:
987:"Making sense of carpoids"
861:Daley, Paul E. J. (1996).
29:
1043:Smith, Andrew B. (2005).
985:Rahman, Imran A. (2009).
925:10.1017/S0016756817000152
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341:
249:
244:
159:Scientific classification
157:
149:
140:
132:
123:
41:
1140:10.3140/bull.geosci.1475
768:calcichordate hypothesis
1127:Bulletin of Geosciences
952:Journal of Paleontology
272:is an extinct class of
1295:-related article is a
797:The earliest solutes,
1351:Paleozoic echinoderms
135:Coleicarpus sprinklei
30:For the beetle, see
1239:Soluta (Echinoderm)
913:Geological Magazine
805:, lived during the
133:Fossil specimen of
32:Soluta gramineoides
18:Solute (echinoderm)
1049:Geological Journal
1308:
1307:
1291:This prehistoric
1273:
1272:
1201:Taxon identifiers
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16:(Redirected from
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964:10.1666/11-083.1
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919:(5): 1190–1204.
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45:Temporal range:
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828:
823:
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780:radial symmetry
755:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
701:
692:
683:
671:Belemnocystites
609:
597:Scalenocystites
501:Dendrocystoides
480:
330:
314:
261:Dendrocystitida
234:
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161:
119:
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1199:
1191:
1190:
1177:10.1144/M38.13
1171:(1): 157–171.
1154:
1133:(3): 451–476.
1113:
1094:(4): 529–555.
1074:
1055:(3): 255–280.
1035:
1016:
977:
958:(3): 462–469.
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894:
873:(4): 405–440.
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386:Minervaecystis
381:
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328:Classification
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282:Ctenocystoidea
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255:Syringocrinida
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150:Silhouette of
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53:Lower Devonian
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26:
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1036:
1032:(3): 631–679.
1031:
1027:
1026:Palaeontology
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991:Geology Today
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803:Castericystis
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630:Syringocrinus
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551:
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525:Claritacarpus
519:
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504:
503:
502:
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494:
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484:
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468:Heckericystis
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438:
437:
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430:
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410:Girvanicystis
404:
403:
397:
396:
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389:
388:
387:
380:
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376:
375:
372:
371:
370:
369:Castericystis
363:
362:
356:
355:
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348:
347:
346:
339:
338:
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327:
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322:Castericystis
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219:Echinodermata
217:
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197:
196:Deuterostomia
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192:Superphylum:
191:
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152:Castericystis
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95:
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50:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1301:expanding it
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1116:
1091:
1088:Paleobiology
1087:
1077:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1019:
997:(1): 34–38.
994:
990:
980:
955:
951:
941:
916:
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856:
839:
835:
829:
802:
798:
796:
793:Distribution
788:
765:
669:
668:
652:
651:
628:
627:
595:
594:
578:
577:
549:Rutroclypeus
547:
546:
523:
522:
499:
498:
466:
465:
449:
448:
425:
424:
408:
407:
384:
383:
367:
366:
343:
342:
321:
317:
315:
301:
297:
278:Homoiostelea
277:
269:
268:
231:
209:Ambulacraria
202:
151:
134:
36:
1233:Wikispecies
842:: 287–306.
836:Zoosymposia
799:Coleicarpus
345:Coleicarpus
318:Coleicarpus
274:echinoderms
1340:Categories
1293:echinoderm
821:References
776:stem-group
580:Iowacystis
290:Stylophora
1346:Homalozoa
1224:Q56317646
1185:130481550
1149:1214-1119
1011:129493134
972:129760226
933:132681380
889:0024-4082
815:Laurentia
784:Blastozoa
772:chordates
451:Maennilia
294:Homalozoa
182:Kingdom:
176:Eukaryota
1260:BioLib:
1218:Wikidata
1108:86167693
1069:86388965
302:solutans
215:Phylum:
186:Animalia
172:Domain:
1263:1049899
811:carpoid
807:Drumian
312:Biology
306:stereom
298:Solutes
245:Orders
225:Class:
49:Drumian
1253:Soluta
1209:Soluta
1183:
1147:
1106:
1067:
1009:
970:
931:
887:
288:, and
286:Cincta
270:Soluta
239:, 1901
237:Jaekel
232:Soluta
42:Soluta
1181:S2CID
1104:S2CID
1065:S2CID
1007:S2CID
968:S2CID
929:S2CID
203:Clade
1297:stub
1145:ISSN
885:ISSN
801:and
300:(or
59:PreꞒ
1248:ADW
1173:doi
1135:doi
1096:doi
1057:doi
999:doi
960:doi
921:doi
917:155
875:doi
871:117
844:doi
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1169:38
1167:.
1143:.
1131:89
1129:.
1125:.
1102:.
1092:26
1090:.
1086:.
1063:.
1053:40
1051:.
1047:.
1030:33
1028:.
1005:.
995:25
993:.
989:.
966:.
956:86
954:.
950:.
927:.
915:.
911:.
897:^
883:.
869:.
865:.
838:.
786:.
324:.
296:.
284:,
205::
109:Pg
51:–
1328:e
1321:t
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846::
840:7
259:†
253:†
229:†
114:N
104:K
99:J
94:T
89:P
84:C
79:D
74:S
69:O
64:Ꞓ
34:.
20:)
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