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415:. Uniquely, an important insurrection occurred when West Indian black workers revolted against the “slavery proclivities” of a white American superintendent vis-à -vis wage-earning free men. Four of the 200 workers "fatally injured" Superintendent Snow and commandeered the island and company money and stores.
464:
was the last ship launched from their
Middlesex bank, while the lighthouse was built on the Essex side, the yard occupying premises on either side of the river. In 1871, the lease of the island was sold for ÂŁ55,000 and then sold again for ÂŁ110,000 to the New Sombrero Phosphate Company, which led to
562:
in 1960, the present lighthouse was put into operation. The old tower was demolished on 28 July 1962. The lighthouse is located near the centre of the island, and reaches a height of almost 166 feet (51 m) above sea level. It alerts ships passing from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean Sea
539:. The superintendent's house was near the middle of the island and around it were grouped other wooden buildings, and the quarters of the technicians, store keepers, and lighthouse keepers. On the side opposite to the main buildings was a small building for the superintendent.
579:, but the light was automated in 2002, and now the island is uninhabited. The only visitors are the occasional fishermen, biologists engaged in fieldwork, and the occasional scuba group visiting the island for its interesting dive sites and post-apocalyptic surface.
736:
There is an occasional mention in the late 19th century of a "Sambrera" in the West Indies. One news account refers to
Sambrera as a desert island. A brig had struck the island and was totally lost, though the 15 passengers and crew were saved. The ship
554:
was responsible for the administration of the light. In 1931, the old light system was changed and improved to 200,000 candle power and the tower received its first major repair when the basement was encased in concrete.
320:
Sombrero is 1.67 kilometres (1,826.33 yards) long north–south, and 0.38 km (415.57 yd) wide. The land area is 0.38 km (93.90 acres). Originally, when viewed from the sea, the island had the shape of a
1119:
865:
A Visit to
Sombrero by P. Bannis, Government Information Service Bulletin Vol I, No 2, July 1978, which quoted from the writings of Mr. William Hodge in the Sombrero Visitors' Book
1109:
418:
The
British later intervened and demanded compensation from the United States for the occupation. The conflicting claims to the island were settled in Britain's favour in 1867.
502:
lines for the wagons, which were loaded at the quarries. The guano was just piled in dumps near the engine houses and derricks. There was no semblance of a
130:
361:
1104:
457:
1099:
509:
The workers, who were black, were recruited from various islands and lived in wooden huts during their term of service. A Mr. Nesbit, a merchant at
932:
50:
467:
377:
an impressed seaman, Robert
Jeffrey, there on 13 December 1807. As it turned out, Jeffrey survived. A passing American vessel, the schooner
20:
80:
434:
1057:
832:
Thames Iron Works
Historical Catalogue: Souvenir prepared for the Festival of Empire, Crystal Palace 1911, p.42 and p.111
542:
In 1890, the phosphate works on the island were abandoned and by 1893 the lighthouse had come under the authority of the
329:-mining operations have left the island with precipitous sides and a relatively flat top that is 12 m (39 ft)
302:
186:
490:
of
Sombrero. His duties included organising the transport of the guano to a spot which was convenient for loading the
1018:
933:"Ecological history and latent conservation potential: large and giant tortoises as a model for taxon substitutions"
313:. It lies 54 km (34 mi) north-west of Anguilla across the Dog and Prickly Pear Passage. The distance to
1114:
536:
510:
382:
547:
567:. Full responsibility for the light passed from Trinity House to the Anguillan government on 1 December 2001.
697:
In mid-June 2021 Anguilla
National Trust (ANT) launched a programme to rid Sombrero Island of invasive mice.
795:
1050:
631:
412:
407:
In 1856 the
Americans claimed the island, and in a very short period of time quarried 100,000 tons of
949:
314:
961:
940:
712:
627:
598:
369:
211:
591:, a widespread and easily seen lizard species on the island. A recently discovered dwarf gecko,
913:
773:
456:
and the Lighthouse built following her demise were both constructed by the same shipyard, the
430:
357:
249:
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took the labourers to and from their homes on the other islands, and brought the supplies.
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330:
310:
908:
885:
543:
442:
118:
874:
Written Answers - House of Lords:Anguilla:Sombero Island Lighthouse (21 February 2005)
1093:
957:
886:"A New Species of Dialictus from Sombrero Island, Anguilla (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)"
551:
422:
390:
386:
365:
494:
to take the guano to the ships lying off the island, overseeing the construction of
666:
646:
602:
514:
33:
340:
of phosphate a year by 1870. By 1890, the phosphate reserves had been exhausted.
676:
656:
639:
618:
613:
449:
was then built and first exhibited its light on the evening of 1 January 1868.
931:
Hansen, D. M.; Donlan, C. J.; Griffiths, C. J.; Campbell, K. J. (April 2010).
686:
597:, may be endemic and has been tentatively named the Sombrero dwarf gecko. The
576:
487:
474:
446:
226:
1009:
UK Overseas Territories Conservation Forum. Ramsar Information Sheet: UK45006
145:
132:
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397:
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203:
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around the house. He used to live there with his family, except near the
528:
518:
483:
322:
306:
191:
165:
635:
532:
495:
709:(1840–1919), American geologist, served as Sombrero resident chemist
317:, the next nearest island of Anguilla, is 38 kilometres (24 miles).
768:
473:
401:
347:
326:
215:
503:
499:
333:. The surface of the island is rough, and vegetation is sparse.
642:
since 2018. It supports internationally important numbers of:
337:
616:, the island was inhabited by a now-extinct giant tortoise,
1036:
Lazell, J. (1964) "The reptiles of Sombrero, West Indies".
663:): 386 pairs (772 + birds, 5% of Caribbean population) 1999
985:
683:): 700 pairs (1400 birds, 5% of Caribbean population) 1998
575:
Until recently the only inhabitants were the staff of the
445:, which resulted in another request to the Admiralty. The
811:, 13 August 1860: “Negro Insurrection on a Guano Island”.
673:): 270 pairs (540 birds, 4% of Caribbean population) 1998
653:): 27 pairs (54 + birds, 4% of Caribbean population) 2002
433:
was asked to install a light on it. On 30 June 1859, the
421:
Sombrero, lying in the route of shipping from Britain to
411:
that served as fertiliser for the exhausted lands of the
352:
Plan of Sombrero in about 1880 showing mining operations
601:
too inhabits the island. This island also has a unique
498:
and engine houses, and arranging for the laying of the
460:, on the banks of the River Lea in Blackwall, London.
19:"Sombrero Island" redirects here. For other uses, see
1120:
Caribbean islands claimed under the Guano Islands Act
1055:
741:, Wm. Cutter, master, rescued them on 8 August 1801.
638:. The island has also been designated as a protected
517:, provided the stores and provisions. The company's
478:
The superintendent of Sombrero's house in about 1880
429:, lay in an area with many hazards and in 1848 the
272:
264:
256:
247:
243:
235:
225:
202:
197:
185:
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124:
114:
109:
1019:"SOMBRERO ISLAND RESTORATION PROGRAMME LAUNCHED",
400:surveyed the island and found that it abounded in
856:Notes by Thomas Joseph Corfield - Made July 1957.
558:On 20 July 1962, after the destruction caused by
360:in 1714, Sombrero passed into the hands of the
846:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 81.
608:The surrounding waters are feeding areas for
404:and reported this to the British government.
336:The guano-mining operation yielded some 3000
8:
1110:Ramsar sites in British Overseas Territories
769:"Sombrero Island Nature Reserve Marine Park"
26:
842:Len Sealy & Sarah Worthington (2008).
260:Sombrero Island Nature Reserve Marine Park
32:
25:
907:
897:
458:Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company
990:BirdLife data zone: Important Bird Areas
527:The superintendent's house was a wooden
1062:
757:
729:
763:
761:
486:mining engineer, Thomas Corfield, was
396:In 1814, and again in 1825, a British
309:and is the northernmost island of the
468:Erlanger v. New Sombrero Phosphate Co
271:
263:
255:
246:
7:
587:The island is noted for the endemic
441:was wrecked on her maiden voyage on
393:dismissed Lake from the Royal Navy.
38:Location of Sombrero within Anguilla
626:Sombrero has been identified as an
482:From the early 1870s until 1885, a
844:Cases and Materials in Company Law
14:
1105:Important Bird Areas of Anguilla
1077:
1065:
958:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06305.x
719:Notes, citations, and references
87:
86:
79:
57:
56:
49:
21:Sombrero Island (disambiguation)
1100:Uninhabited islands of Anguilla
435:Royal Mail Steam Packet Company
992:. BirdLife International. 2012
823:, Vol. 47, no. 1323, p. 17-18.
1:
389:, had rescued him. Still, a
821:The Illustrated London News
70:Show map of Lesser Antilles
1136:
1051:Sombrero cultural heritage
303:British Overseas Territory
187:British Overseas Territory
18:
776:Sites Information Service
288:
284:
280:
239:
176:
43:
31:
797:Jenks's Portland gazette
634:because of its breeding
745:could well be Sombrero.
548:Department of Transport
471:(1878) 3 App Cas 1218.
899:10.3897/zookeys.86.909
632:BirdLife International
544:British Board of Trade
479:
353:
198:Additional information
884:Engel, Engel (2011).
477:
351:
146:18.58917°N 63.42528°W
100:Show map of Caribbean
713:Sombrero Lighthouse
691:Onychoprion fuscata
628:Important Bird Area
599:Anguilla Bank anole
356:As a result of the
151:18.58917; -63.42528
142: /
28:
612:. During the late
480:
354:
273:Reference no.
16:Island of Anguilla
671:Sterna anaethetus
610:hawksbill turtles
358:Treaty of Utrecht
301:, is part of the
292:
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1115:Seabird colonies
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707:Alexis A. Julien
661:Sula leucogaster
537:hurricane season
452:Coincidentally,
297:, also known as
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1023:, 21 June 2021.
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651:Sula dactylatra
594:Sphaerodactylus
589:Sombrero ameiva
585:
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565:Anegada Passage
560:Hurricane Donna
427:Central America
413:Southern States
346:
331:above sea level
311:Lesser Antilles
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1045:External links
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647:Masked boobies
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506:and no beach.
488:Superintendent
465:litigation in
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677:Brown noddies
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667:Bridled terns
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994:. Retrieved
989:
980:
969:. Retrieved
962:the original
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939:
926:
889:
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861:
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843:
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732:
723:
722:
696:
690:
680:
670:
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625:
621:sombrerensis
617:
607:
603:Lasioglossum
592:
586:
574:
563:through the
557:
546:, later the
541:
531:with a wide
526:
521:
515:Sint Maarten
508:
481:
466:
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453:
451:
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420:
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406:
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378:
370:
366:Warwick Lake
355:
335:
323:sombrero hat
319:
298:
294:
293:
178:
952:: 272–284.
781:6 September
687:Sooty terns
640:Ramsar site
619:Chelonoidis
614:Pleistocene
511:Philipsburg
268:22 May 2018
162:Archipelago
149: /
125:Coordinates
1094:Categories
1040:: 716–718.
1031:References
996:2012-11-23
986:"Sombrero"
971:2011-02-26
577:lighthouse
571:Population
447:lighthouse
383:Marblehead
364:. Captain
315:Dog Island
299:Hat Island
265:Designated
137:63°25′31″W
134:18°35′21″N
1084:Caribbean
1072:Geography
941:Ecography
753:Citations
462:Paramatta
454:Paramatta
439:Paramatta
431:Admiralty
409:phosphate
398:geologist
204:Time zone
110:Geography
918:21594093
743:Sambrera
739:Richmond
701:See also
636:seabirds
583:Wildlife
529:bungalow
519:schooner
496:derricks
492:lighters
437:'s ship
375:marooned
307:Anguilla
295:Sombrero
227:ISO code
192:Anguilla
166:Antilles
115:Location
94:Sombrero
64:Sombrero
27:Sombrero
1058:Portals
909:3082990
890:ZooKeys
533:veranda
484:Cornish
371:Recruit
362:British
344:History
1038:Copeia
916:
906:
774:Ramsar
325:, but
965:(PDF)
950:Wiley
948:(2).
936:(PDF)
724:Notes
605:bee.
522:Logos
423:South
402:guano
381:from
379:Adams
327:guano
216:UTC-4
914:PMID
783:2018
504:port
500:tram
425:and
338:tons
276:2354
954:doi
904:PMC
894:doi
630:by
368:of
305:of
212:AST
1096::
988:.
946:33
944:.
938:.
912:.
902:.
888:.
799:.
771:.
760:^
693:)
623:.
550:.
513:,
385:,
231:AI
1060::
999:.
974:.
956::
920:.
896::
785:.
689:(
679:(
669:(
659:(
649:(
218:)
214:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
