Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston

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more than twice its normal rate, and his blood pressure was 200/100. Dr. Alexander Robbins, the chief physician of the Miami Boxing Commission, determined that he was "emotionally unbalanced, scared to death, and liable to crack up before he enters the ring." He said if Ali's blood pressure didn't return to normal, the fight would be canceled. Many others also took Clay's antics to mean that he was terrified. In fact, a local radio station later reported a rumor that he had been spotted at the airport buying a ticket to leave the country. A second examination conducted an hour later revealed Ali's blood pressure and pulse had returned to normal. It had all been an act. Ali later said, "Liston's not afraid of me, but he's afraid of a nut."

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however, there would have to be an overwhelming reason for it. The prospects of a betting coup can be dismissed because the 8-to-1 odds in Liston's favor never varied more than a point. If there had been a rush of smart money on the underdog, the odds would have plummeted. This is an unfailing barometer of hanky-panky. What would Liston have gained by throwing the fight? The heavyweight championship is the most valuable commodity in the world of sports and not even a man of Liston's criminal background would willingly toss it away. It also brought him an aura of respectability such as he never had known before.

521:") was training, and repeatedly called Liston the "big, ugly bear". Liston grew increasingly irritated as the motor-mouthed Clay continued hurling insults: "After the fight, I'm gonna build myself a pretty home and use him as a bearskin rug. Liston even smells like a bear. I'm gonna give him to the local zoo after I whup him ... if Sonny Liston whups me, I'll kiss his feet in the ring, crawl out of the ring on my knees, tell him he's the greatest, and catch the next jet out of the country." Clay insisted to a skeptical press that he would knock out Liston in eight rounds (former light heavyweight champion 581:, at the time a companion of Clay's as well as a feared and incendiary spokesperson for the Nation of Islam (though Malcolm X had, by that time, been censured by the NOI—banned from speaking to the press and suspended from all official NOI roles and duties—and would soon officially break with the Nation), agreed to keep a low profile, save for the night of the fight when he would rejoin Clay's entourage as spiritual advisor and view the fight from a ringside seat. While Clay would not definitively link himself with the Nation of Islam and its leader, 1658:"Many people in the arena did not see , understandably", Merchant wrote: "Or they couldn't believe that it had the force to knock out the seemingly indestructible former champion". He described the belief that the fight was rigged as "the apparently unkillable myth ... many people believe that the moon landings were staged, probably right there in Lewiston". Slow motion examination of the fight recording shows that the 'punch' that landed was a short grazing right to Liston's cheek and of apparently limited power. Hall of Fame announcer 830: lb (95 kg) while Liston was several pounds over his prime fighting weight at 218 lb (99 kg). Many of those watching were surprised during the referee's instructions to see that Clay was considerably taller than Liston. While receiving instructions, Liston glowered at Clay, while Clay stared back and stood on his toes to appear even taller. Clay later said of the moment: "I won't lie, I was scared ... It frightened me, just knowing how hard he hit. But I didn't have no choice but to go out and fight." 986:

handlers would rub medication on his shoulders, which would then be transferred to his opponent's forehead during clinches and drip into the eyes. "Clay did the worst thing when he started screaming and let Liston know it had worked," Machen said. "Clay panicked. I didn't do that. I'm more of a seasoned pro, and I hid it from Liston." It is noteworthy that Machen did not mention the eye burning problem immediately after his fight with Liston, citing an injury to his arm as contributing to his defeat.

253:. The mob was deeply entrenched in boxing at every level at the time, and Liston was never able to escape being labeled as the personification of everything that was unseemly and criminal in the sport, despite the fact that his criminality had been in the past. He distrusted boxing writers, and they paid him back, often depicting him as little more than an ignorant thug and a bully. He was typically described in thinly veiled racist terms—a "gorilla" and "hands like big bananas". Author 850:, broadcasting at ringside, shouted, "This could be the upset of the century!" Mort Sharnik described the moment: "Cassius hit Liston with a one-two combination; a jab followed by a straight right. Cassius pulled the jab back and there was a mouse underneath Sonny's right eye. Then he pulled the right back and there was a gash underneath the other eye. ... It was like the armor plate of a battleship being pierced. I said to myself, 'My God, Cassius Clay is winning this fight! 1618:] down" and Rahman replied, "No, you hit him." Rahman later said, "Ali hit him so fast, Ali didn't really know he hit him. ... and it took a long time before even he saw the punch he hit Sonny with." Ali never used the "anchor punch" in subsequent fights, nor did he mention it in later discussions about his career. This has led to ongoing debates about the nature and impact of the punch, as well as the legitimacy of Liston's fall. 1682:, said the suspect Ali right hand merely finished up what an earlier punch had begun. "I have a feeling that this guy (Ali) is a lot better than any of us gave him credit for," Braddock said. "It isn't the knockout punch that sticks in my mind as much as a punch he let go (earlier). ... It was a right to Liston's jaw and it shook him to his shoetops. For all we know, it could have been the one that set up the knockout." 4562: 585:, until the day after the fight—at the annual NOI Savior's Day celebration—his association with the Nation, seen by many as a hate group due in part to its strict anti-integrationist stance, further complicated his relations with the press and the white public, further deprived the fight of the "good guy/bad guy" narrative, and negatively affected the gate. MacDonald would ultimately lose $ 300,000 on the bout. 1809:, Springs Toledo argued that Liston, when at his peak in the late 1950s and early 1960s, could be favored to beat just about every heavyweight champion in the modern era with the possible exception of Muhammad Ali. This view is shared by boxing writer Frank Lotierzo who ranks Liston as one of the top 5 heavyweights of all time and possibly the best. Liston and Ali were both inducted into the 834:

progressed. He hit Liston with a combination that electrified the crowd with about 30 seconds left in the round and began scoring repeatedly with his left jab (the round lasted an extra 8.5 seconds because referee Barney Felix didn't hear the bell). Clay had been hit hard by a right to the stomach, but he said later, "I felt good because I knew I could survive." Milt Bailey, one of Liston's

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and continue it aloud for the knocked down boxer. Under the rules of the Maine Commission, the referee was authorized to stop his count if a boxer refused to go to the proper corner. "It might have been better if Walcott had stopped the count (by the knockdown timekeeper) until Clay went to the neutral corner and then started again," said Duncan MacDonald, a commission member.

854:" A clearly angered Liston rallied at the end of the round, as Clay seemed tired, and delivered punishing shots to Clay's body. It was probably Liston's best moment in the entire fight. But as the round ended, Clay shouted to him, "you big sucka, I got you now". Sitting on his stool between rounds, Liston was breathing heavily as his cornermen worked on his cut. 601:

carrying an African walking stick. He began waving the stick, screaming, "I'm the champ! Tell Sonny I'm here. Bring that big ugly bear on." When Liston appeared, Ali went wild. "Someone is going to die at ringside tonight!" he shouted. "You're scared, chump!" He was restrained by members of his entourage. Writer Mort Sharnik thought Ali was having a seizure.

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keep his hands low and lean away from punches (often leaving his opponent hitting air, off balance, and exposed to counter punches), his constant movement and reluctance to set (making him extremely difficult to hit)—were viewed as fundamental technical flaws that would be quickly exploited by an experienced, hard-hitting heavyweight like Liston.

1724:, writing that Liston was going to throw the fight going in and, when he suffered a legitimate flash knockdown in round one, decided on the spot to seize the opportunity and end the fight. It was Walcott's confusion and Ali's behavior that forced Liston to feign disorientation for far longer than a knockdown of that type would have caused. 1404:

The contract gave Inter-Continental Promotions, Inc., a firm organized to promote Liston's fights, the right to promote Ali's first fight as champion—if he should beat Liston—and pick his opponent (Liston, of course). This was in a second contract, kept secret and not part of the main fight contract. It was phrased as it was because the

1689:, changed his view about the knockout punch after seeing videotape the next day. "I didn't think it was a powerful punch when I saw the fight from ringside," Marciano said. "Now (after seeing video) I think Clay, seeing the opening, snapped the punch the last six inches." He added that he still didn't think it was a knockout punch. 1633:, who was a critic of Liston as a person throughout his career, wrote 50 years later, "I saw the actual punch land on the actual chin, as did others in my area of the press section. It was a quick right hand that caught Liston as he was coming forward ... According to ringside doctors I've spoken to, that is a classic example of a 1439:—state boxing commissions throughout the nation were reluctant to license a rematch between the two controversial fighters, and it was difficult to find a venue. Ultimately, Massachusetts agreed to host the bout, which resulted in the suspension of the Massachusetts Boxing Commission by the WBA. The fight was set for November 1592:"If that bum Clay had gone to a neutral corner instead of running around like a maniac, all the trouble would have been avoided," McDonough said. He acknowledged that Walcott could have asked him to start the count again "after he got that wild man—Clay—back to a neutral corner, but he didn't, so that was that." 838:, recalled, "In the first round Sonny couldn't catch up with Clay, and I thought we might have some trouble." Indeed, it was perhaps the worst round of Liston's career. Between rounds, sitting on his stool, Clay turned to the press contingent at ringside and opened his mouth as if yawning or making a mute roar. 1009:

cut under his left eye." He also cited medical evidence: "A team of eight doctors inspected Liston's arm at St. Francis Hospital in Miami Beach and agreed that it was too badly damaged for Liston to continue fighting. The torn tendon had bled down into the mass of the biceps, swelling and numbing the arm."

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motion a number count with his fingers. McDonough, however, claimed Walcott was looking at the crowd and never at him. After Liston arose, Walcott wiped off his gloves. He then left the fighters to go over to McDonough. "The timekeeper was waving both hands and saying, 'I counted him out—the fight is over

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Ali did not think he knocked Liston out. In his own words in Thomas Hauser's 1991 biography: "The punch jarred him. It was a good punch, but I didn't think I hit him so hard that he couldn't have gotten up. Once he went down, I got excited. I forgot about the rules". In that same book, Liston, quoted

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When Walcott got back to Liston and looked at the knockdown timekeeper, Francis McDonough, to pick up the count, Liston had fallen back on the canvas. Walcott never did pick up the count. He said he could not hear McDonough, who did not have a microphone. Also, McDonough did not bang on the canvas or

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12 and charged with speeding, careless and reckless driving, driving without an operator's license and carrying a concealed weapon. The arresting officer said the former champion was driving between 76 and 80 mph (122–129 km/h) in a residential zone. Liston had a loaded .22 caliber revolver

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writer, likened the scene to a "police action, with an enormous amount of movement and noise exploding in a densely packed room." Amidst the pandemonium, he was fined $ 2,500 by the commission for his behavior. Ali worked himself into such a frenzy that his heart rate registered 120 beats per minute,

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In the final analysis, it remains inconclusive whether the blow in Lewiston was a genuine knockout punch. The fact that Liston did not complain about the clear breach of boxing rules (being declared knocked out without a count) and Ali's obvious state of bewilderment, shouting at Liston "Nobody will

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McDonough and Fleischer were also wrong in their interpretation of how the rules applied. Under the rules, the timekeeper is supposed to start the count at the time of a knockdown. The referee's duty is to get the boxer scoring the knockdown to a neutral corner, pick up the count from the timekeeper

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did not allow fight contracts with rematch clauses. Gordon B. Davidson, an attorney for the group sponsoring Ali, said, "We felt we would be better advised not to have a guaranteed rematch clause. We felt this was more in the spirit of the WBA rules than a direct rematch which was clearly outlawed."

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In the view of some, the unexpected ending of the bout took on suspicious overtones when it was discovered that the two fighters had a contract which contained a rematch clause. Many argued that Liston had more to gain financially from losing the bout and fighting a rematch than he did from winning.

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Following Clay's upset victory over Liston, both fighters were almost immediately embroiled in controversy that was considered detrimental to the sport of boxing. A couple of days after the fight, Clay publicly announced that he had joined the "Black Muslims"—which at the time was widely viewed as a

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writer Tex Maule wrote that Liston's shoulder injury was legitimate. He cited Liston's inability to lift his arm: "There is no doubt that Liston's arm was damaged. In the sixth round, he carried it at belt level so that it was of no help in warding off the right crosses with which Clay probed at the

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said he believed that Liston's handlers made deliberate use of illegal medication to temporarily blind Clay. "The same thing happened to me when I fought Liston in 1960," Machen said. "I thought my eyes would burn out of my head, and Liston seemed to know it would happen." He theorized that Liston's

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The commotion wasn't lost on referee Barney Felix, who was walking toward Clay's corner. Felix said Clay was seconds from being disqualified. The challenger, his arms held high in surrender, was demanding that the fight be stopped and Dundee, fearing the fight might indeed be halted, gave his charge

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said, "Liston is an angry man, and he can't afford to be angry fighting Clay." Clay's outbursts also fed Liston's belief that Clay was terrified (something Clay's camp did little to disavow). Clay said later, "I knew that Liston, overconfident that he was, was never going to train to fight more than

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Liston was afraid that he would be accidentally shot by followers of Malcolm X as they tried to kill Ali in the ring. There were also claims attributed to Liston and others that he threw the fight in return for a share of the more marketable Ali's future purses. Credence to these claims is provided

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Dave Anderson said he saw Liston in Las Vegas in 1967 and asked him what happened. "It wasn't that hard a punch, but it partially caught me off balance and when I got knocked down, I got mixed up because the referee never gave me a count," Liston said. "I was listening for a count. That's the first

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special 25 years later. "He said, 'cut the gloves off. I want to prove to the world there's dirty work afoot.' And I said, 'whoa, whoa, back up baby. C'mon now, this is for the title, this is the big apple. What are you doing? Sit down!' So I get him down, I get the sponge and I pour the water into

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During the fourth round, Clay coasted, keeping his distance and Liston appeared dominant. Joe Louis commenting on TV at ringside said "It's looking good for Sonny Liston". However, when Clay returned to his corner, he started complaining that there was something burning in his eyes and he could not

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It has been widely stated that Clay's antics were a deliberate form of psychological warfare designed to unsettle Liston by stoking his anger, encouraging his overconfidence and even fueling uncertainty about Clay's sanity. As Clay himself said, "If Liston wasn't thinking nothing but killing me, he

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shots. In training for the Clay fight, he re-injured his left shoulder and was supposedly in pain striking the heavy bag. He secretly resorted to heavy icing and ultrasound therapy after each training session. And, ironically, because of his dominance, Liston had actually logged little ring time in

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climbed through the ropes and shoved Ali, yelling, "Fix!" He was restrained, but later he said that he had seen Liston's eyes while the challenger was on the floor, and he knew that he was not in bad shape. "His eyes were darting from side to side like this," he said, darting his eyes from side to

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said that Liston had worked himself into the best shape of his career. Ali, for his part, continued to taunt Liston, dragging a bear trap to the pre-fight physical and announcing that he might begin manufacturing the "Sonny Liston Sit-Down Stool". However, the Boston fight would never occur. Three

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in his coat pocket and there were empty bottles of vodka in the car. A young woman was in the car with Liston, but she was not arrested. In short, at a time when Congress was investigating corruption and organized crime influence in boxing, neither fighter was seen as a poster child for the sport.

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when he was 18. "They have been hammering at him ever since," Clay Sr. said. "He's so confused now that he doesn't even know where he's at." He said his youngest son, Rudy Clay, had also joined. "They ruined my two boys," Clay Sr. said. "Muslims tell my boys to hate white people; to hate women; to

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The fight contributed to the Ali mystique of beating seemingly insurmountable foes. For Liston, the fights left his reputation in tatters. In just a little over one year, he went from being considered one of the most fearsome heavyweights of all-time to an overrated champion. " Liston would never

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The ending of the second Ali-Liston fight remains one of the most controversial in boxing history. Midway through the first round, Liston threw a left jab and Ali supposedly went over it with a fast right, knocking the former champion down. Liston went down on his back. He rolled over, got to his

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and the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X, who had a public and bitter falling out with Elijah Muhammad, had been assassinated several months before the fight, and the men arrested for the slaying were members of the Nation of Islam. Rumors circulated that Ali, who had publicly snubbed Malcolm after his

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Clay later said he could only see a faint shadow of Liston during most of the round, but by circling and moving he managed to avoid Liston and somehow survive. By the sixth round, Clay's sight had cleared, and he began landing combinations almost at will. "I got back to my stool at the end of the

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In the third round, Clay began to take control of the fight. At about 30 seconds into the round, he hit Liston with several combinations, causing a bruise under Liston's right eye and a cut under his left, which eventually required eight stitches to close. It was the first time in his career that

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Liston settled down somewhat in round two. At one point, he cornered Clay against the ropes and hit him with a hard left hook. Clay later confessed that he was hurt by the punch, but Liston failed to press his advantage. Two of the official scorers awarded the round to Liston and the other had it

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One of the reasons that Clay's chances were dismissed is that his boxing style seemed ill-suited to the heavyweight division. He was widely viewed as a fast but light puncher lacking the ability to take a punch or to fight inside. The signatures of Clay's style and later greatness—the tendency to

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At the time of the fight, Liston was generally considered the most intimidating fighter in the world, and among the best heavyweight boxers of all time. With the Patterson victory, Liston had defeated eight of the top 10 ranked contenders at heavyweight; seven of those victories were by knockout.

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When a fight ends in the fashion this one did, with the unbeatable monster remaining in his corner, suspicions of larceny are immediately aroused. They are not helped by the fact that Liston, an ex-convict, was sponsored by mobsters at the start of his career. For the larceny theory to be valid,

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Clay began taunting and provoking Liston almost immediately after the two agreed to fight. He purchased a bus and had it emblazoned with the words "Liston Must Go In Eight". On the day of the contract signing, he drove it to Liston's home in Denver, waking the champion (with the press in tow) at

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A promoter in San Antonio apologized to his theater TV customers and, on the basis that they had been defrauded by a "shameful spectacle", donated his take to boys' clubs. The California legislature, in session, received a resolution calling for an investigation by the state attorney general to

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At the opening bell, an angry Liston charged Clay, looking to end the fight quickly and decisively. However, Clay's superior speed and movement were immediately evident, as he slipped most of Liston's lunging punches, making the champion look awkward. Clay clearly gained confidence as the round

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It is one of the quickest heavyweight title knockouts in history. Many in the small crowd had not even settled in their seats when the fight was stopped. The official time of the stoppage was announced as 1:00 into the first round, which was wrong. Liston went down at 1:44, got up at 1:56, and

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Liston said he quit the fight because of a shoulder injury, and there has been speculation since about whether the injury was severe enough to actually prevent him from continuing. Immediately after the fight, Liston told broadcasters that he hurt the shoulder in the first round. Dr. Alexander

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Sensing that he had made history, Clay quickly ran to the ropes amidst the commotion in the ring and shouted at sportswriters, "Eat your words!" In a scene that has been rebroadcast countless times over the ensuing decades, Clay repeatedly yelled "I'm the greatest!" and "I shook up the world."

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However, Liston biographer Paul Gallender's take is that Liston's shoulder was essentially paralyzed by the end of round six, and his corner made the decision to end the fight, despite Liston's protests. Liston spit out his mouth guard in disgust, still not believing that Clay was the superior

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There are two basic narratives about what occurred next in Liston's corner. According to Ali biographer David Remnick, Liston told his cornermen, "That's it." This supposedly rallied Liston's handlers, who thought he meant he was finally angry enough to win, but Liston really meant that he was

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During the same documentary, former FBI agent William F. Roemer Jr. said, "We learned that there very definitely had been a fix in that fight." He said Bernie Glickman, a boxing manager from Chicago with mob ties, claimed that while he was conversing with Liston and his wife before the fight,

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Ali's outbursts reached their peak at the pre-fight weigh-in/physical the morning of the event. Championship bout weigh-ins, before this, had been predictable and boring. Ali entered the room where the weigh-in would be held wearing a denim jacket with the words "Bear Huntin'" on the back and

1557:, a former World Heavyweight Champion himself, had a hard time getting Ali to go to a neutral corner. Ali initially stood over his fallen opponent, gesturing and yelling at him, "Get up and fight, sucker!" and "Nobody will believe this!" The moment was captured by ringside photographer 361:

Liston trained minimally for the bout, convinced that he would dispose of Clay within the first two rounds. He typically ran just one mile a day instead of his usual five, reportedly ate hot dogs and drank beer, and was rumored to have been furnished with prostitutes in training camp.

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in Miami to say he could not come," the memo states. "On this call, he asked Resnick who he liked in the fight, and Resnick said that Liston would knock Clay out in the second round. Resnick suggested he wait until just before the fight to place any bets because the odds may come

1108:, ," the memo states. "About a week before the Liston and Clay fight in Miami, Resnick called and invited Magids and his wife for two weeks in Florida on Resnick. Magids' wife was not interested in going, but Magids decided to go along, and Resnick was going to send him a ticket. 1662:

was one of many who didn't believe the fight was on the level. "If that was a punch, I'll eat it," he said. "Here was a guy who was in prison and the guards to beat him over the head with clubs and couldn't knock him down." But others contend that he wasn't the same Liston.

1002:, David Remnick spoke with one of Liston's cornermen, who told him that Liston could have continued: " was all BS. We had no return bout clause with Clay, and if you say your guy just quit, who is gonna get a return bout. We cooked up that shoulder thing on the spot." 1191:

Sometimes in boxing, a guy trains on hot dogs and beer, and then maybe he injures his shoulder. A guy everybody expects to win, doesn't win. And then there are FBI files and conspiracy theories, and then "people in the know" want to put a guy like Sonny Liston on the

1505:, a mill town with a population of about 41,000 located 140 miles (230 km) north of Boston. Inter-Continental obtained a permit and made an arrangement to work with local promoter Sam Michael. The venue selected was the Central Maine Youth Center (now called 1132:

writing up Resnick as a big loser because of his backing of Liston. Later people 'in the know' in Las Vegas told Magids that Resnick and Liston both reportedly made over $ 1 million betting against Liston on the fight and that the magazine article was a cover for

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break with Elijah Muhammad, might be killed by Malcolm's supporters in retaliation. The FBI took the threats seriously enough to post a 12-man, 24-hour guard around Ali. Liston's camp, in turn, claimed he had received a death threat from the Nation of Islam. The

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observed, "The only thing at which Clay can beat Liston is reading the dictionary," adding that the face-off between the two unlikeable athletes would be "the most popular fight since Hitler and Stalin—180 million Americans rooting for a double knockout."

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before the rematch and was told not to pay any attention to what he heard about the fight. He also told Tocco that he should be glad that he was not going to Lewiston. When Tocco asked why, Vitale told him that the fight was going to end in the first round.

1612:. However, Ali was unsure immediately after the fight as to whether or not the punch connected, as footage from the event shows Ali in the ring asking his entourage, "Did I hit him?" Ali told Nation of Islam minister Abdul Rahman that Liston "laid [ 1474:, began to have second thoughts. Byrne sought an injunction blocking the fight in Boston because Inter-Continental Promotions was promoting the fight without a Massachusetts license. Inter-Continental said local veteran Sam Silverman was the promoter. On May 1076:

figure tied to organized crime and to Liston. The documents show no evidence that Ali was in on the scheme or even knew about it, and nothing suggests the bureau ever corroborated the suspicions it investigated. The memos were addressed directly to Director

918:"I began worshiping this way five years ago when I heard a fellow named Elijah Muhammad on the radio talking about the virtues of the Islam religion," Clay said. "I also listened to his ministers. No one could prove him or them wrong, so I decided to join." 330:

Liston, however, brought weaknesses into the Clay fight that were not fully apparent at the time. He claimed to be 32 years old at the time of the bout, but many believed that his true age was closer to 34, perhaps even older. Liston had been suffering from

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as well as Liston, said Liston was the hardest hitter of the three. Several boxing writers actually thought Liston could be damaging to the sport because he could not be beaten. Liston's ominous, glowering demeanor was so central to his image that

1123:"At about noon on the day of the fight, reached Resnick again by phone, and at this time, Resnick said for him to not make any bets, but just go watch the fight on pay TV and he would know why and that he could not talk further at that time. 289:, stalled for time to allow Clay to recover. Although Clay rallied to win the fight in the next round, it seemed clear to many that he would be no match against the daunting Liston, who seemed a more complete boxer in every way than Cooper. 977:

on that cut," Angelo Dundee said. "Now what had happened was that probably the kid put his forehead leaning in on the guy—because Liston was starting to wear in with those body shots—and my kid, sweating profusely, it went into both eyes."

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As the bell sounded for the seventh round, Clay was the first to notice that Liston had spat out his mouth guard. Clay moved to the middle of the ring with his arms raised, dancing the jig that would become known as the "Ali Shuffle" while

199:, the British champion, said he would be interested in a title fight if Clay won, but he was not going to get in the ring with Liston. Cooper's manager, Jim Wicks, said, "We don't even want to meet Liston walking down the same street." 1487: 914:

27, 1964, Clay announced that he was a member of the Nation of Islam. His membership in the group was first disclosed the previous night at the group's annual national convention in Chicago by Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad.

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understood Liston perhaps better than anyone in the press and sympathized with him and liked him, unlike boxing writers. He said "Liston was the big Negro in every white man's hallway." He was a man who, according to Ali biographer

1447:. Liston was immediately established as a 13:5 favorite, making Ali a greater betting underdog than Floyd Patterson in his two fights against Liston. This time, Liston trained hard, preparing himself for a 15-round bout. In fact, 202:

Boxing promoter Harold Conrad said, "People talked about Tyson before he got beat, but Liston was more ferocious, more indestructible. ... When Sonny gave you the evil eye—I don't care who you were—you shrunk to two feet tall."

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3:00 a.m. shouting, "Come on out of there. I'm gonna whip you now." Liston had just moved into a white neighborhood and was furious at the attention this caused. Clay took to driving his entourage in the bus to the site in

1022:, who also noted that there was little doubt that Liston went into the fight with a sore or lame shoulder. Despite Liston carrying an injury and being undertrained, Ali stated in 1975 that this fight was his toughest ever. 340:

the past three years. Between March 1961 and the Clay fight, Liston had fought three times and won each bout with first-round knockouts—meaning that he had fought a total of just over six minutes during a 35-month stretch.

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two rounds. He couldn't see nothing to me at all but mouth." In contrast, Clay prepared hard for the fight, studying films of Liston's prior bouts and even detecting that Liston telegraphed his punches with eye movement.

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Clay had to be persuaded to hold the traditional post-fight press conference. He called the writers "hypocrites" and said, "Look at me. Not a mark on me. I could never be an underdog. I am too great. Hail the champion!"

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story: "At about noon on the day of the fight, (Barnett Magids) reached Resnick again by phone, and at this time, Resnick said for him to not make any bets, but just go watch the fight on pay TV, and he would know why

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was seated beside McDonough and he was waving his hands, too, saying it was over." Walcott then rushed back to the fighters, who had resumed boxing, and stopped the fight—awarding Ali a first-round knockout victory.

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hate group against white people—and started going by the name Cassius X. The following month, he was renamed Muhammad Ali by Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad. This evoked widespread public condemnation.

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Author Paul Gallender claims that members of the Nation of Islam kidnapped Liston's wife, Geraldine, and Liston's son, Bobby. Liston was told to lose the fight to Ali or he would never see his family again.

211:: "Liston's arms are massively muscled, the left jab is more than a jab. It hits with true shock power. It never occurred to Liston that he might lose a fight." Johnny Tocco, a trainer who worked with 4591: 1693:

two years after the fight: "Ali knocked me down with a sharp punch. I was down but not hurt, but I looked up and saw Ali standing over me. ... Ali is waiting to hit me, the ref can't control him".

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again intimidate a world-class fighter," wrote Bob Mee, "and therefore would never again be the fighter he used to be." Worse, his quick loss in the second fight created suspicion of corruption.

891:, broadcasting at ringside, shouted "wait a minute! Wait a minute! Sonny Liston is not coming out!" Liston failed to answer the bell for the seventh round, and Clay was declared the winner by 3306: 1790:

BoxRec ranks Liston as among the 10 best heavyweights in the world in 15 different years (1954–1956 and 1958–1969), placing him at No.1 from 1958 to 1962 and the fourth greatest of all time.

392:

was even more pessimistic about Clay's chances, estimating a Liston knockout "in the very early moments of round one", adding, "if I were Cassius, I would catch a cab and leave town." Actor

1827:

recorded a song entitled "Clay Vs Liston", which was released as a single in 1965. The song's lyrics deal with the first fight between the two. The song appeared on the 1994 CD compilation

1767:

by the fact that after his last fight, with Chuck Wepner, Liston seemed more preoccupied in supporting the proposed Ali-Frazier bout and Ali's claims to the title than about his own career.

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6, 1964, Elijah Muhammad announced in a recorded statement played over the radio that Clay would be renamed Muhammad Ali. Muhammad means "worthy of all praises", and Ali means "most high".

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said Liston "looked awful" in his last workout before the fight. Liston's handlers secretly paid sparring partner Amos Lincoln an extra $ 100 to take it easy on him. Arthur Daley of the

1917:

opened in 2013. It tells the story of the night Ali—then Cassius Clay—beat Liston to take the World Heavyweight Championship. It takes place in a hotel room after the fight where Clay,

1675:

wrote that Liston's handlers knew he "didn't have it anymore". These statements do not accord with the fact that three years later Liston easily knocked out Lincoln within two rounds.

863:

his eyes trying to cleanse whatever's there, but before I did that I put my pinkie in his eye and I put it into my eye. It burned like hell. There was something caustic in both eyes."

1409:

He agreed that it was "subterfuge". When Ali and Liston signed to fight a rematch, the WBA voted unanimously to strip Ali of the title and drop Liston from its rankings. However, the

921:

Clay started going by the name Cassius X, as members of the organization adopt the last name X because they no longer want to bear names handed down by former slave-owning families.

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In the wake of the controversial fight, there was an outcry by press and politicians for the abolition of boxing. Bills to ban the sport were planned in several state legislatures.

265:

On the other hand, Clay was a glib, fast-talking 22-year-old challenger who enjoyed the spotlight. Known as "The Louisville Lip", he had won the light heavyweight gold medal at the

1544:—the omnipresent, bow-tied paramilitary wing of the Nation of Islam—surrounding Ali only added to the sense of foreboding and hostility. Security for the fight was unprecedented. 4641: 143:

magazine named their first meeting, the Liston–Clay fight (Ali had not yet changed his name from Cassius Clay), as the fourth greatest sports moment of the twentieth century.

1395:

said, "When Cassius Clay joined the Black Muslims and started calling himself Cassius X, he became a champion of racial segregation." As for Liston, he was arrested on March

1589:"I did my job," Walcott said. "He looked like a man in a different world. I didn't know what he might do. I thought he might stomp him or pick him up and belt him again." 871:

sixth round, and under me I could hear the press like they had gone wild," Clay later said. "I twisted round and hollered down at the reporters, 'I'm gonna upset the world.

273:, Italy. He had great hand and foot speed and lightning fast reflexes, not to mention a limitless supply of braggadocio. However, Clay had been knocked down by journeyman 1128:"Magids did go see the fight on TV and immediately realized that Resnick knew that Liston was going to lose," the document states. "A week later, there was an article in 4212: 573:

As the story began to spread, promoters became increasingly uneasy. Bill MacDonald, the main promoter, threatened to cancel the fight unless Clay publicly disavowed the

2458: 2584: 3186: 1813:. Ali, in his autobiography, stated that in his prime the only two boxers who would have caused him serious trouble were "Ezzard Charles and a young Sonny Liston". 1717:

said Liston told him: "That guy was crazy. I didn't want anything to do with him. And the Muslims were coming up. Who needed that? So I went down. I wasn't hit."

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summarized this view when he wrote: "Clay doesn't fight like the valid heavyweight he is. He seldom sets and misses a lot. In a way, Clay is a freak. He is a

4646: 2947: 2929: 2834: 2807: 2771: 2566: 2510: 2491: 2238: 3126: 2911: 2789: 2619: 1787:

In reality, Liston was still a formidable fighter and highly ranked contender at the end of his career, having won 15 of his last 16 bouts, 14 by knockout.

899:

in 1919 to retire on his stool during a Heavyweight title fight. At that point the bout was level on the official scorecards of the referee and two judges.

4159: 570:

hate their mother." Clay Jr. responded by saying, "I don't care what my father said. ... I'm here training for a fight, and that's all I'm going to say."

2853: 1532:. Governor Reed announced to the press, "This is one of the greatest things to happen in Maine." Nevertheless, it would go down in history as a debacle. 1061: 3972: 3407: 1963: 1553:

right knee and then fell on his back again. Many in attendance did not see Ali deliver the punch. The fight quickly descended into disarray. Referee

1900:, director Leon Vance, a former boxer, has a framed photo in his office of Ali gloating over the floored Liston at the end of the second fight. In " 1880: 1604:" Skeptics called the knockout blow "the phantom punch". Ali called it "the anchor punch". He said it was taught to him by comedian and film actor 154:. Clay, who was an 8:1 underdog, won in a major upset, when the champion gave up at the opening of the seventh round. Their second fight was on May 3008: 1497:

The promoters needed a new location quickly, whatever the size, to rescue their closed circuit television commitment around the country. Governor

2734: 1466:

25, 1965. But as it approached, Liston was involved in yet another arrest and there were fears that the promoters were tied to organized crime.

4273: 3632: 162:, which Ali won with a first-round knockout. The infamous "phantom punch", as well as a botched count by the referee, aroused suspicions of a 2213: 1047:

After a month-long investigation, Florida State Attorney Richard E. Gerstein said there was no evidence to support the claim of a fix, and a

3937: 3917: 3732: 2108: 396:

went a step further, albeit humorously: "I think the fight will end in the dressing room. I think is going to faint before he comes out."

133: 1740:

Liston's wife told the ex-champion that as long as he had to lose the fight, he should go down early to avoid any chance of getting hurt.

3857: 3792: 2367: 592:

and joined the Nation of Islam several years prior to the fight, but had kept his religion and affiliation a secret up until the fight.

3236: 2337: 320:

regular boxing writer Joe Nichols declined to cover the fight, assuming that it would be a mismatch. By fight time, Clay was an 8-to-1

4626: 4621: 3842: 3787: 3657: 1414: 3487: 3174: 1884:. He is seen in the far left part of the row, wearing a white and gold robe, standing beside the original-look Beatles wax figures. 1810: 1760:

A couple of members of the Nation of Islam visited Liston's training camp and told Liston they would kill him if he won the rematch.

97: 1772:

believe this" and asking his handlers "Did I hit him?" is viewed as confirmation for most people's belief that Liston took a dive.

1655:

wrote, "The blow had so much force it lifted Liston's left foot, upon which most of his weight was resting, well off the canvas."

4631: 4501: 4244: 4188: 4004: 3847: 3777: 3767: 3707: 3662: 2753: 2300: 1988: 1372: 188: 1565:

special issue, "The Century's Greatest Sports Photos". Ali then began prancing around the ring with his arms raised in victory.

4544: 4347: 4151: 4103: 3962: 3952: 3942: 3932: 3887: 3832: 3812: 3772: 3742: 3697: 3682: 1535:

The atmosphere surrounding the fight was tense and sometimes ugly, largely due to the repercussions of Ali's public embrace of

2977: 4529: 4524: 3907: 3882: 3877: 3827: 3797: 3727: 3692: 3269: 3114: 2541: 2445: 2399: 3148: 241:. Later, he was re-incarcerated for assaulting a police officer. For much of his career, his contract was majority owned by 1096:

gambler named Barnett Magids, who described to agents his discussions with Resnick before the first Clay-Liston fight. The

529:, said that as of 1963, Ali's prophetic poems had correctly predicted the exact round he would stop an opponent 12 times). 4281: 4036: 4020: 3957: 3927: 3897: 3807: 3782: 3757: 3752: 3737: 3722: 3677: 3672: 3649: 3037: 995:

Robbins, chief physician for the Miami Beach Boxing Commission, diagnosed Liston with a torn tendon in his left shoulder.

635: 292:

The brash Clay was equally disliked by reporters and his chances were widely dismissed. Lester Bromberg's forecast in the

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Is it possible this is why Ash Resnick might have told Barnett Magids—according to Magids—not to make any bets on Liston?

191:. Ten months later, Liston and Patterson met again with the same result – Patterson was knocked out in the first round. 3947: 3922: 3822: 3802: 3712: 3702: 3687: 1664: 532:

Clay's brashness did not endear him to white Americans, and, in fact, even made Liston a more sympathetic character. In

1455:

days before the scheduled bout (on a Friday the 13th, as it happened), Ali needed emergency surgery for a strangulated

504:

brought on two sportswriters whose secret was that they had been the only writers to correctly predict Clay's victory.

3872: 3867: 3862: 3837: 3747: 3717: 3667: 3356: 234: 2047: 281:

and—more seriously—was knocked down by a left hook at the end of round four against the cut-prone converted southpaw

3281: 2204:

The 25 Greatest Sports Conspiracy Theories of All-Time: Ranking Sports' Most Notorious Fixes, Cover-Ups and Scandals

542:

wrote, "Liston used to be a hoodlum; now he is our cop; he was the big Negro we pay to keep sassy Negroes in line."

4606: 4377: 4127: 3988: 3625: 1105: 974: 180: 2518: 183:

at the time of the first Liston–Clay fight in Miami Beach on February 25, 1964, having demolished former champion

4339: 4318: 4167: 3902: 3852: 3381: 3134: 2627: 1926: 1913: 1797:

ranked him as the tenth greatest heavyweight of all time, while boxing writer Herb Goldman ranked him second and

1642: 1114: 346: 307: 4611: 4220: 4204: 4119: 3892: 1901: 1405: 1139: 786: 651: 566: 2861: 2715: 4601: 4596: 4303: 4044: 4012: 2699: 2074: 1862: 1840: 381: 294: 3415: 2268: 298:

was typical, predicting, "It will last longer than the Patterson fight—almost the entire first round." The

4651: 4491: 4455: 4052: 1971: 1939: 1638: 1392: 522: 324: 485:

Cassius, you're my million dollar baby, so please don't let anything happen to you before tomorrow night.

74: 4566: 4539: 4534: 4518: 4252: 4228: 3618: 3568: 1732: 1731:

documentary about Liston, Johnny Tocco, who owned a boxing gym in Las Vegas, said he spoke with mobster

1299: 711: 246: 3088: 2883: 973:, may have inadvertently caused the irritation that blinded Clay in round four. "Joe Pollino had used 3817: 2174: 1866: 1609: 1410: 1355: 1294: 1238: 1165:

This was after the weigh-in, when Ali went berserk and Sonny just burped up a couple of ... hot dogs.

1055: 1048: 938: 790: 716: 655: 639: 492: 460: 372: 266: 196: 151: 79: 2679: 1750:

For those who believe that Liston took a dive, there are a number of theories as to why, including:

277:

early in his career, and, in his previous two fights, had eked out a controversial decision against

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Liston had been cut. At one point in this attack, Liston was rocked as he was driven to the ropes.

798: 663: 4430: 4095: 2100: 1905: 1852: 1554: 470: 313: 278: 222: 139: 4079: 1891:

in 1963/64 was put up in 2008 between Old Castle and Karlsplatz in downtown Stuttgart, Germany.

858:

see. "I didn't know what the heck was going on," Angelo Dundee, Clay's trainer, recalled on an

4382: 4028: 3912: 3515: 3483: 3265: 3170: 3110: 2441: 2395: 2209: 2183: 1679: 1647: 1634: 1186:

story suggested ... the magazine story may have been a cover-up, quoting "people in the know."

514: 300: 3536:

Hutchison, Phillip J. "From Bad Buck to White Hope: Journalism and Sonny Liston, 1958–1965."

2651: 1521:(population 3,000) in 1923. It remains the only heavyweight title fight held in the state of 64: 17: 3996: 2345: 1896: 1471: 1436: 1019: 534: 404: 3220:, p. 89, Vintage. Vachss further explains the way such a fix would have been engineered in 388:

predicted that Liston would win in the third, second, and first rounds, respectively. Host

4310: 4196: 2888: 1888: 1878:

A wax model of Liston appears in the front row of the iconic sleeve cover of The Beatles'

1704: 1536: 1518: 1502: 1448: 1226: 1078: 582: 574: 184: 159: 1747:

determine if its closed-circuit viewers had been fraudulently duped out of their money.

1051:

subcommittee conducted hearings three months later and also found no evidence of a fix.

954:

stand up for applause; the group also visited Clay's training center later in the week.

932:

said on his show: "I saw the Liston-Clay fight. This was a stinker of all-time. I swear

546:

wasn't thinking fighting. You got to think to fight." Former World Heavyweight Champion

4470: 4450: 4435: 4402: 2202: 1848: 1700: 1686: 1630: 1622: 1605: 1541: 1506: 1490: 1222: 1016: 1012:

Those findings were confirmed in a formal investigation immediately after the fight by

602: 539: 250: 212: 1697:

thing you do, but I never heard a count because Clay never went to a neutral corner."

4580: 4440: 4425: 3439:"Lotierzo's Lowdown – Sonny Liston: The Most Underrated Heavyweight Champ In History" 3211: 1856: 1791: 1574: 1510: 1478:

7, backers of the rematch ended the court battle by pulling the fight out of Boston.

1467: 1444: 1418: 888: 286: 259: 254: 242: 2697:

Gardner, David (February 25, 2014). "Clay's defeat of Liston 'was underworld fix'".

565:

published an article quoting Cassius Clay Sr. as saying that his son had joined the

407:

as guests. Harvey Jones brought with him a lengthy rhyming boast from Cassius Clay:

285:. Clay was clearly "out on his feet" in his corner between rounds, and his trainer, 4445: 4392: 3641: 3591: 2985: 1601: 1514: 1498: 1273: 1268: 1193: 1148: 1031: 982: 896: 690: 685: 561: 385: 355: 351: 282: 163: 125: 121: 1710:

said Liston told him that he lost simply because "the timekeeper couldn't count".

1561:

in what became one of the most iconic images in sport, chosen as the cover of the

4549: 4465: 4460: 4420: 4387: 4355: 4060: 1872: 1824: 1821: 1558: 1501:

of Maine stepped forward, and within a few hours, the promoters had a new site:

1069: 933: 929: 389: 377: 327:. Of the 46 sportswriters at ringside, 43 had picked Liston to win by knockout. 274: 227: 2101:"Clay Wins Title in Seventh-Round Upset As Liston Is Halted by Shoulder Injury" 1805:

ranked him the sixth greatest boxer of all time, pound for pound. In his book,

4236: 4111: 3581: 3546: 1943: 1844: 1834: 1757:

Liston bet against himself and took a dive because he owed money to the Mafia.

1659: 1428: 847: 835: 216: 3482:. United Kingdom: Anthony Blond (Muller, Blond & White). pp. 69–70. 4397: 1922: 1918: 1513:

rink. Lewiston was the smallest city to host a heavyweight title bout since

1073: 578: 547: 393: 336: 204: 51: 3167:

The Murder of Sonny Liston: A Story of Fame, Heroin, Boxing & Las Vegas

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Many theorized that a substance used on Liston's cuts by Joe Pollino, his

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Tosches, Nick (2000). The Devil And Sonny Liston. Boston: Little, Brown.

2394:

Tosches, Nick (2000). The Devil And Sonny Liston. Boston: Little, Brown.

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The Fight of the Century" Ali vs. Frazier, March 8, 1971, Michael Arkush

1934: 1486: 1093: 1013: 942:

twice in February. During their second appearance, which aired February

238: 1887:

As a homage to Sonny Liston, a bronze copy of a marble statue made by

879:

through fighting, which he indicated by spitting out his mouth guard.

441:

But our radar stations have picked him up somewhere over the Atlantic.

1925:

and Malcolm X talk about their lives and their hopes for the future.

1754:

The Mafia forced Liston to throw the fight as part of a betting coup.

1456: 1432: 970: 481:

Jesse Bowdry brought a much terser written message from Sonny Liston:

129: 1092:

called "the most tantalizing evidence," details an interview with a

414:

If Liston goes back an inch farther he'll end up in a ringside seat.

3149:"Boxing by the Book: "The Real Story Behind the Ali-Liston Fights"" 1629:

There were some at ringside who believed the fight was legitimate.

1104:"On one occasion, Resnick introduced Magids to Sonny Liston at the 3237:"Fifty Years Later: The Mystery of Muhammad Ali's 'Phantom Punch'" 2459:"1964 Clay vs. Liston Judges' Scorecards from Miami Beach Bout..." 1529: 1522: 1485: 1359: 1242: 1113:"Two or three days before the fight, Magids called Resnick at the 794: 659: 589: 109: 45: 2368:"Sonny Liston and Muhammad Ali Statistics Wood Print by Bettmann" 137:

were among the most controversial fights in the sport's history.

1600:

When the fight ended, numerous fans booed and started yelling, "

1000:

King of the World: Muhammad Ali and the Rise of an American Hero

936:

could beat the two of 'em! No kidding!" The Beatles had been on

518: 270: 57: 3614: 3610: 450:

Hence the crowd did not dream, when they laid down their money,

3221: 3009:"O Unlucky Man: The sad life and tragic death of Sonny Liston" 2716:"FBI suspected iconic 1964 Ali-Liston fight was rigged by mob" 2169: 2032: 2030: 2028: 1728: 1614: 1179:

story, Resnick lost a lot of money betting on Liston. ... The

1065: 859: 262:, "had never gotten a break and was never going to give one". 29: 439:

Now Liston disappears from view, the crowd is getting frantic

412:

Clay comes out to meet Liston and Liston starts to retreat,

335:

in his shoulders for close to a year and had been receiving

2419:

interview with Alex Haley in Muhammad Ali by Thomas Hauser,

447:

That they would witness the launching of a human satellite.

2542:"Cassius Clay Was Renamed Muhammad Ali 50 Years Ago Today" 1427:

Pressed by the WBA—which included every U.S. state except

2966:

Sonny Liston: The Mysterious Life and Death of a Champion

2735:"Fixed? Ali-Liston story mostly shadow, little substance" 2121:

Poetry and youth and joy had triumphed over the 8-1 odds.

1678:

One ringside observer, former World Heavyweight Champion

1470:

officials, most notably Suffolk County District Attorney

1137:

The article was controversial, with Ron Kantowski of the

2254: 2252: 1942:" from Season 4 revolves around the second fight, with 376:

did multiple segments about the title fight. Panelists

70: 4289:

The Adventures of Ali and His Gang vs. Mr. Tooth Decay

2884:"Behind the Greatest Photo of Muhammad Ali Ever Taken" 2301:"Howling Ali fined $ 2,500 for his antics at weigh-in" 588:

According to Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali had converted to

4592:

World Boxing Council heavyweight championship matches

3127:"A Quick, Hard Right And A Needless Storm Of Protest" 2436: 2434: 1964:"Sports Illustrated honors world's greatest athletes" 1875:

starred as Liston, and Andrew Hinkson portrayed Ali.

1780:

The two bouts launched one man and ruined the other.

429:

Then Clay lands with a right, what a beautiful swing,

2754:"Boasts and threats past, only the fighting remains" 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 1946:

creating a commercial inspired by the famous photo.

1720:

Wilfred Sheed offered his opinion in his 1975 book,

946:

16 from Miami, Sullivan actually had Liston and Joe

431:

And the punch raised the bear clear out of the ring.

4510: 4479: 4411: 4370: 4329: 4263: 4178: 4071: 3980: 3971: 3648: 3558:

Sonny Liston-His Life, Strife and the Phantom Punch

3516:"'One Night In Miami', More Than Clay Beats Liston" 1651:wrote that it was "no phantom punch". Tex Maule of 1459:. The bout would need to be delayed by six months. 1351: 1327: 1316: 1305: 1290: 1279: 1264: 1255: 1232: 1218: 1210: 782: 758: 733: 722: 707: 696: 681: 672: 645: 631: 623: 577:(NOI). Clay refused. A compromise was reached when 436:

But he can't start counting until Sonny comes down.

3408:"Book Review: 'The Gods of War' by Springs Toledo" 2269:"Muhammad Ali and Malcolm X – Rare 1965 Interview" 2201: 1626:side. "When a fighter is hurt his eyes roll up." 1147:article "had more holes than the left side of the 445:Who on Earth thought, when they came to the fight, 4213:I Am the Greatest: The Adventures of Muhammad Ali 3031: 3029: 2511:"The Beatles & Cassius Clay Meet in the Ring" 1722:Muhammad Ali: A Portrait in Words and Photographs 426:It's a matter of time until Clay lowers the boom. 424:Liston keeps backing but there's not enough room, 245:, a one-time mob hitman and senior member of the 226:magazine caused a controversy by posing him in a 4637:February 1964 sports events in the United States 3332:"25 Greatest Fighters of All Time (Heavyweight)" 2069: 2067: 1155:Here, then, is the most titillating part of the 1034:as soon as the fight ended. Arthur Daley of the 981:Two days after the fight, heavyweight contender 2326:Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times, Thomas Hauser 964: 895:. Liston became the first World Champion since 483: 409: 4436:Ferdie Pacheco (personal physician, cornerman) 4144:Icons: The Greatest Person of the 20th Century 3282:"BoxRec's Annual Ratings: Heavyweight Annuals" 452:That they would see a total eclipse of Sonny. 434:Liston still rising and the ref wears a frown, 403:24, 1964, the show featured Clay and Liston's 4502:Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport 3626: 2854:"The Night Lewiston, Maine, Can Never Forget" 2650:Ali, Muhammad; Goodman, Bob (February 1975). 399:The night before the first fight, on February 195:Many were reluctant to meet him in the ring. 8: 4160:Blood Brothers: Malcolm X & Muhammad Ali 2585:"The Telegraph - Google News Archive Search" 2168:Harvey Jones and Jesse Bowdry appearance on 2006: 2004: 2002: 1205: 965:Did Liston's corner deliberately blind Clay? 618: 166:and have been subject to debate ever since. 4642:May 1965 sports events in the United States 1865:directed a 2008 film about Liston entitled 1068:suspected the fight may have been fixed by 421:Just look at young Cassius carry the fight. 3977: 3893:The Rumble in the Jungle (Foreman vs. Ali) 3633: 3619: 3611: 2567:"Machen Backs Clay's 'Liniment' Complaint" 2294: 2292: 2290: 2048:"Dundee: Ali was, still is 'The Greatest'" 1261: 678: 3551:Black is Best: The Riddle of Cassius Clay 2608:David Remnick, King of the World, pg. 202 2164: 2162: 2160: 98:Learn how and when to remove this message 4471:Richard Durham (autobiography co-writer) 3818:Fight of the Century (Frazier vs. Ali I) 3064:"Sonny Liston vs. Amos Lincoln - BoxRec" 2835:"Clay-Liston Fight Goes To Lewiston, ME" 2079:Penguin Random House Secondary Education 1801:placed him third. Alfie Potts Harmer in 1424:continued to recognize Ali as champion. 4431:Drew Bundini Brown (trainer, cornerman) 3913:Thrilla in Manila (Ali vs. Frazier III) 3463:Ali, Muhammad; Durham, Richard (1975). 3187:"Leyton Unsure About Future As Fighter" 2808:"Rematch Clause Clouds Clay's Contract" 2492:"Clay Admits Joining Black Muslim Sect" 2390: 2388: 2386: 1983: 1981: 1955: 1855:for his portrayal of Ali. Former boxer 1637:K.O." World Light Heavyweight Champion 4461:Luis Sarria (trainer, cutman, masseur) 2022:quoted in Sonny Liston, Paul Gallender 1204: 617: 4587:Boxing matches involving Muhammad Ali 3598:from the original on December 3, 2018 2099:Lipsyte, Robert (February 26, 1964). 1908:and mentions the fixing allegations. 1881:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band 1038:did not believe the claim. He wrote: 7: 4617:Sports in Miami-Dade County, Florida 3382:"Top 25 Greatest Boxers of All Time" 2948:"Clay Eyes 'Rabbit' After Quick Win" 2790:"Policeman Says Liston Was 'Unruly'" 2733:Kantowski, Ron (February 26, 2014). 2336:Hoffer, Richard (29 November 1999). 559:Several weeks before the fight, the 69:, as they are easily broken. Please 4647:Boxing matches in the United States 4378:Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (father) 2860:. Yankee Publishing. Archived from 2714:Loverro, Thom (February 24, 2014). 2678:Daley, Arthur (February 27, 1964). 2299:Kirkby, Evans (February 25, 1964). 2111:from the original on April 10, 2009 1582:Walcott stopped the fight at 2:12. 358:who weighs more than 200 pounds ." 249:, who ran boxing interests for the 146:The first bout was held on February 3658:Boxing at the 1960 Summer Olympics 3437:Lotierzo, Frank (21 August 2012). 3226:, pp.160–165, 233, Pantheon, 2005. 3089:"25 Years Later: A Fix or a Fist?" 3036:Merchant, Larry (6–13 July 2015). 2540:Luckhurst, Samuel (6 March 2014). 1970:. December 4, 1998. Archived from 1929:of the play was released in 2020. 1573:", Walcott said after the fight. " 1415:New York State Athletic Commission 25: 1811:International Boxing Hall of Fame 1323:6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 1320:6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 737:6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 517:where Liston (nicknamed the "Big 478:giving improvised piano harmony. 468:Clay also presented that poem on 230:hat for its December 1963 cover. 4561: 4560: 4456:Jabir Herbert Muhammad (manager) 4005:Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times 3583:Cassius Clay versus Sonny Liston 3357:"All-Time Greatest Heavyweights" 3201:– via Google News Archive. 3107:Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times 2011:Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times 1995:. February 25, 1964. p. 2B. 1641:said, "It was a perfect punch." 525:, in his 1971 biography of Ali, 114:Liston vs. Clay I, February 1964 34: 4545:Religious views of Muhammad Ali 4348:Muhammad Ali Heavyweight Boxing 4104:The Last Round: Chuvalo vs. Ali 3606:– via kumite27 (YouTube). 2640:Gallender, Sonny Liston, op cit 1904:", he discusses the photo with 1196:with a smoking gun in his hand. 1054:Documents were released to the 4530:Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act 4525:Muhammad Ali vs. Antonio Inoki 4466:Joe Frazier (opponent, friend) 3133:. June 7, 1965. Archived from 2930:"'Didn't Panic', Says Walcott" 2752:Kirkby, Evans (May 25, 1965). 1989:"Quick look at facts, figures" 1528:The fight was embraced by the 490:Sonny Liston, as read on CBS' 458:Cassius Clay, as read on CBS' 134:World Heavyweight Championship 1: 4441:Joe E. Martin (first trainer) 4421:Chuck Bodak (trainer, cutman) 4282:Black Superman (Muhammad Ali) 4245:Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight 4037:Muhammad Ali: The Glory Years 3191:Daytona Beach Morning Journal 2772:"Rev. King Gives Clay Advice" 2620:"Yes, it was good and honest" 2338:"A Lot More Than Lip Service" 2239:"Muslim Charge Clams Up Clay" 2137:. Miramax Books. p. 100. 2046:Irusta, Carlos (2012-01-17). 233:Liston learned to box in the 187:by a first-round knockout in 83:), or an abbreviated title. 65:Knowledge (XXG)'s style guide 18:Sonny Liston vs. Cassius Clay 4152:What's My Name: Muhammad Ali 2652:"Best I Faced: Muhammad Ali" 2618:Maule, Tex (March 9, 1964). 2036:Sonny Liston, Paul Gallender 1462:The new date was set for May 1030:There were allegations of a 4451:George Dillman (instructor) 2824:quoted in Gallender, op cit 2410:Muhammad Ali, Thomas Hauser 235:Missouri State Penitentiary 4668: 4383:Odessa Grady Clay (mother) 4128:The Trials of Muhammad Ali 3989:The Greatest: My Own Story 3588:Theatre Network Television 3565:The Devil and Sonny Liston 3465:The Greatest: My Own Story 3262:The Devil And Sonny Liston 3193:. July 1, 1970. p. 20 2428:Remnick, King of the World 1223:Central Maine Youth Center 1151:' infield." He continued: 1062:Freedom of Information Act 181:World Heavyweight Champion 4627:1964 in sports in Florida 4622:Sports in Lewiston, Maine 4558: 4426:Angelo Dundee (cornerman) 4403:Nico Ali Walsh (grandson) 4340:Superman vs. Muhammad Ali 4189:Requiem for a Heavyweight 3505:No. 9, 1 March 2018, p. 8 3478:Evans, Mike, ed. (1984). 3264:. Boston: Little, Brown. 2182:24, 1964. Rebroadcast on 1685:Another former champion, 1260: 867:a one-word order: "Run!" 677: 419:Clay swings with a right, 417:Clay swings with a left, 347:New York Journal-American 4120:When Ali Came to Ireland 3109:, Simon & Schuster, 1843:, was released in 2001. 1548:The phantom/anchor punch 1406:World Boxing Association 1331:206 lb (93 kg) 1140:Las Vegas Review-Journal 806:No. 2 ranked heavyweight 762:218 lb (99 kg) 4632:1965 in sports in Maine 4045:The Soul of a Butterfly 4013:The Tao of Muhammad Ali 3538:Journal of Sports Media 3480:The Art of the Beatles, 2978:"Little Larry Merchant" 2952:Spokane Daily Chronicle 2916:The Evening Independent 2812:Sarasota Herald-Tribune 2700:London Evening Standard 2481:Bob Mee, Ali and Liston 2208:. Skyhorse Publishing. 1347: lb (97.6 kg) 295:New York World-Telegram 237:while serving time for 73:by replacing them with 4492:Muhammad Ali Boulevard 4446:Archie Moore (trainer) 4216:(1977 animated series) 4053:Twelve Rounds to Glory 3540:10.1 (2015): 119-137. 3105:Thomas Hauser (1991), 2776:Lawrence Journal-World 2228:Paul Gallender, op cit 2133:Dennis, Felix (2003). 1608:, who learned it from 1517:fought Tom Gibbons in 1494: 1393:Martin Luther King Jr. 754: in (1.89 m) 498: 466: 370:The television series 115: 4540:Muhammad Ali in India 4535:Muhammad Ali in China 4519:Clay v. United States 4388:Rahaman Ali (brother) 4253:One Night in Miami... 4229:Ali: An American Hero 3594:. February 25, 1964. 3503:Stuttgarter Amtsblatt 3260:Nick Tosches (2000). 3165:Shaun Assael (2017). 3155:. September 19, 2012. 2912:"Did Anybody See It?" 2630:on December 13, 2013. 1847:was nominated for an 1839:, a film by director 1489: 1300:Sand Slough, Arkansas 778: lb (95 kg) 712:Sand Slough, Arkansas 247:Lucchese crime family 113: 4398:Laila Ali (daughter) 4304:The World's Greatest 4048:(2004 autobiography) 3992:(1975 autobiography) 3858:Ali vs. Patterson II 3788:Ali vs. Mildenberger 2934:The News and Courier 2794:The News and Courier 2739:The Washington Times 2720:The Washington Times 2626:: 20. Archived from 2573:. February 28, 1964. 2498:. February 28, 1964. 2258:Hauser, Muhammad Ali 2243:The Pittsburgh Press 2200:Kalb, Eliot (2007). 1596:Alleged match fixing 1411:World Boxing Council 1375:heavyweight champion 1368:Heavyweight Champion 1295:Louisville, Kentucky 1234:Title(s) on the line 1088:24, 1966, which the 1049:United States Senate 1026:Allegations of a fix 939:The Ed Sullivan Show 803:Heavyweight Champion 717:Louisville, Kentucky 647:Title(s) on the line 640:Miami Beach, Florida 500:The following week, 152:Miami Beach, Florida 71:improve this article 4497:Muhammad Ali Center 4393:Khalilah Ali (wife) 4088:a.k.a. Cassius Clay 3938:Ali vs. Evangelista 3038:"The Phantom Punch" 2273:Boxing Hall of Fame 2245:. February 7, 1964. 2075:"King of the World" 1974:on January 4, 2014. 1207: 1206:Ali vs. Liston (II) 1115:Fontainebleau Hotel 816:Clay weighed in at 620: 555:The Nation of Islam 366:Pre-fight publicity 43:Constructs such as 4319:One Night in Miami 4096:When We Were Kings 3933:Ali vs. Norton III 3888:Ali vs. Frazier II 3843:Ali vs. Chuvalo II 3733:Clay vs. Lavorante 3708:Clay vs. Besmanoff 3522:. August 12, 2013. 3361:Sports Illustrated 3223:Two Trains Running 3137:on March 14, 2014. 3131:Sports Illustrated 3013:Sports Illustrated 2684:The New York Times 2680:"Another Surprise" 2624:Sports Illustrated 2521:on 27 January 2014 2496:Lodi News-Sentinel 2342:Sports Illustrated 2105:The New York Times 1914:One Night in Miami 1817:In popular culture 1799:Sports Illustrated 1715:Sports Illustrated 1653:Sports Illustrated 1563:Sports Illustrated 1555:Jersey Joe Walcott 1495: 1493:in Lewiston, Maine 1251:heavyweight titles 1177:Sports Illustrated 1130:Sports Illustrated 1060:in 2014 under the 1006:Sports Illustrated 893:technical knockout 668:heavyweight titles 471:The Jack Paar Show 314:The New York Times 209:Sports Illustrated 140:Sports Illustrated 116: 27:Boxing competition 4607:Boxing in Florida 4574: 4573: 4366: 4365: 4359:(1995 video game) 4351:(1992 video game) 4343:(1978 comic book) 4274:I Am the Greatest 4221:King of the World 4021:King of the World 3953:Spinks vs. Ali II 3908:Ali vs. Bugner II 3878:Norton vs. Ali II 3863:Ali vs. B. Foster 3848:Ali vs. Quarry II 3838:Ali vs. M. Foster 3778:Ali vs. Cooper II 3768:Ali vs. Patterson 3763:Ali vs. Liston II 3693:Clay vs. Sabedong 3678:Clay vs. Robinson 3663:Clay vs. Hunsaker 3560:(JR Books, 2008). 3443:The Sweet Science 3307:"BoxRec: Ratings" 3093:Los Angeles Times 2864:on 4 October 2012 2814:. March 26, 1964. 2796:. March 12, 1964. 2778:. March 20, 1964. 2758:Milwaukee Journal 2305:Milwaukee Journal 2215:978-1-60239-089-8 2184:Game Show Network 2175:I've Got a Secret 2154:Gallender, op cit 1927:A film adaptation 1902:Last Man Standing 1829:Precious Melodies 1680:James J. Braddock 1648:Los Angeles Times 1635:medulla oblongata 1621:After the fight, 1443:16, 1964, at the 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1201:Ali vs. Liston II 1143:writing that the 975:Monsel's Solution 814: 813: 810: 809: 627:February 25, 1964 515:Surfside, Florida 502:I've Got a Secret 493:I've Got a Secret 461:I've Got a Secret 405:sparring partners 373:I've Got a Secret 301:Los Angeles Times 170:Liston vs. Clay I 108: 107: 100: 16:(Redirected from 4659: 4564: 4563: 4064:(2018 biography) 4056:(2007 biography) 4040:(2002 biography) 4024:(1998 biography) 4008:(1991 biography) 3978: 3813:Ali vs. Bonavena 3793:Ali vs. Williams 3728:Clay vs. Daniels 3698:Clay vs. Johnson 3683:Clay vs. Fleeman 3673:Clay vs. Esperti 3635: 3628: 3621: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3524: 3523: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3414:. Archived from 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3388:. 19 August 2015 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3278: 3272: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3233: 3227: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3183: 3177: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3123: 3117: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3033: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2984:. Archived from 2974: 2968: 2964:HBO Documentary 2962: 2956: 2955: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2839:Gettysburg Times 2831: 2825: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2571:Sarasota Journal 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2517:. Archived from 2506: 2500: 2499: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2455: 2449: 2438: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2402: 2392: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2348:on 10 March 2014 2344:. Archived from 2333: 2327: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2296: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2247: 2246: 2235: 2229: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2207: 2197: 2191: 2189: 2181: 2166: 2155: 2152: 2139: 2138: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2071: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2023: 2020: 2014: 2008: 1997: 1996: 1985: 1976: 1975: 1960: 1911:A play entitled 1572: 1477: 1472:Garrett H. Byrne 1465: 1442: 1398: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1338: 1306:Pre-fight record 1283:"Louisville Lip" 1262: 1256:Tale of the tape 1235: 1208: 1185: 1181:Washington Times 1157:Washington Times 1145:Washington Times 1098:Washington Times 1090:Washington Times 1087: 1084:A memo dated May 1057:Washington Times 1020:Richard Gerstein 960: 953: 950:who were in the 949: 945: 927: 913: 874: 853: 829: 828: 824: 821: 777: 776: 772: 769: 753: 752: 748: 745: 723:Pre-fight record 703:"Louisville Lip" 679: 673:Tale of the tape 648: 621: 535:The New Republic 527:Sting Like a Bee 508:Baiting the bear 496: 464: 402: 319: 306: 157: 149: 103: 96: 92: 89: 75:named references 38: 37: 30: 21: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4612:Boxing in Maine 4577: 4576: 4575: 4570: 4554: 4506: 4475: 4413: 4407: 4362: 4331: 4325: 4311:Approaching Ali 4265: 4259: 4197:The Super Fight 4180: 4174: 4080:Whicker's World 4067: 3967: 3963:Ali vs. Berbick 3943:Ali vs. Shavers 3918:Ali vs. Coopman 3883:Ali vs. Lubbers 3798:Ali vs. Terrell 3773:Ali vs. Chuvalo 3758:Liston vs. Clay 3753:Clay vs. Cooper 3743:Clay vs. Powell 3718:Clay vs. Warner 3703:Clay vs. Miteff 3644: 3639: 3601: 3599: 3580: 3577: 3563:Tosches, Nick. 3556:Steen, Robert. 3533: 3531:Further reading 3528: 3527: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3490: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3467:. Random House. 3462: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3336:M-baer.narod.ru 3330: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3164: 3160: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3104: 3100: 3095:. May 25, 1990. 3087: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3035: 3034: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3007:Nack, William. 3006: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2989: 2988:on 29 July 2015 2976: 2975: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2954:. May 27, 1965. 2946: 2945: 2941: 2936:. May 27, 1965. 2928: 2927: 2923: 2918:. May 26, 1965. 2910: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2858:Yankee Magazine 2851: 2850: 2846: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2593: 2591: 2589:News.google.com 2583: 2582: 2578: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2466: 2464: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2439: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2393: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2349: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2298: 2297: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2250: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2216: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2187: 2179: 2167: 2158: 2153: 2142: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2114: 2112: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2073: 2072: 2065: 2056: 2054: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2013:, Thomas Hauser 2009: 2000: 1987: 1986: 1979: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1889:Alfred Hrdlicka 1863:Robert Townsend 1859:played Liston. 1819: 1807:The Gods of War 1778: 1598: 1570: 1550: 1537:Elijah Muhammad 1530:Pine Tree State 1519:Shelby, Montana 1503:Lewiston, Maine 1484: 1482:Lewiston, Maine 1475: 1463: 1440: 1396: 1388: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1233: 1227:Lewiston, Maine 1225: 1203: 1183: 1175:According to a 1085: 1079:J. Edgar Hoover 1064:which show the 1028: 992: 990:Shoulder injury 967: 958: 951: 947: 943: 925: 911: 872: 851: 826: 822: 819: 817: 774: 770: 767: 765: 750: 746: 743: 741: 646: 638: 636:Convention Hall 616: 598: 583:Elijah Muhammad 575:Nation of Islam 557: 510: 497: 489: 465: 457: 454: 451: 449: 448: 446: 444: 442: 440: 438: 437: 435: 433: 432: 430: 428: 427: 425: 423: 422: 420: 418: 416: 415: 413: 400: 368: 317: 304: 185:Floyd Patterson 179:Liston was the 177: 172: 160:Lewiston, Maine 155: 147: 120:fights between 104: 93: 87: 84: 63:discouraged by 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4665: 4663: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4602:1965 in boxing 4599: 4597:1964 in boxing 4594: 4589: 4579: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4417: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4352: 4344: 4335: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4323: 4315: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4285: 4278: 4269: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4249: 4248:(2013 TV film) 4241: 4233: 4232:(2000 TV film) 4225: 4224:(2000 TV film) 4217: 4209: 4201: 4193: 4184: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4164: 4156: 4148: 4147:(2019 episode) 4140: 4132: 4124: 4116: 4108: 4100: 4092: 4084: 4083:(1967 episode) 4075: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4057: 4049: 4041: 4033: 4025: 4017: 4009: 4001: 3993: 3984: 3982: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3960: 3958:Holmes vs. Ali 3955: 3950: 3948:Ali vs. Spinks 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3898:Ali vs. Wepner 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3873:Ali vs. Norton 3870: 3868:Ali vs. Bugner 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3828:Ali vs. Mathis 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3808:Ali vs. Quarry 3805: 3803:Ali vs. Folley 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3783:Ali vs. London 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3748:Clay vs. Jones 3745: 3740: 3738:Moore vs. Clay 3735: 3730: 3725: 3723:Clay vs. Logan 3720: 3715: 3713:Clay vs. Banks 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3688:Clay vs. Clark 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3668:Clay vs. Siler 3665: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3630: 3623: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3576: 3575:External links 3573: 3572: 3571: 3561: 3554: 3544: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3507: 3495: 3488: 3470: 3455: 3429: 3399: 3373: 3348: 3323: 3298: 3273: 3253: 3228: 3204: 3178: 3158: 3140: 3118: 3098: 3080: 3055: 3042:The New Yorker 3025: 2999: 2969: 2957: 2939: 2921: 2903: 2875: 2844: 2841:. May 8, 1965. 2826: 2817: 2799: 2781: 2763: 2744: 2725: 2706: 2689: 2670: 2642: 2633: 2610: 2601: 2576: 2558: 2546:Huffinton Post 2532: 2501: 2483: 2474: 2450: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2382: 2380:Hauser, op cit 2373: 2359: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2286: 2275:. July 4, 2016 2260: 2248: 2230: 2221: 2214: 2192: 2156: 2140: 2125: 2091: 2063: 2038: 2024: 2015: 1998: 1977: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1818: 1815: 1777: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1727:During a 1995 1701:Jerry Izenberg 1687:Rocky Marciano 1673:New York Times 1669:New York Times 1631:Larry Merchant 1623:George Chuvalo 1606:Stepin Fetchit 1597: 1594: 1549: 1546: 1542:Fruit of Islam 1483: 1480: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1369: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1220: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1188: 1187: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1135: 1134: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1110: 1109: 1045: 1044: 1036:New York Times 1027: 1024: 1017:State Attorney 998:For his book, 991: 988: 966: 963: 812: 811: 808: 807: 804: 784: 780: 779: 763: 760: 756: 755: 738: 735: 731: 730: 727: 724: 720: 719: 714: 709: 705: 704: 701: 698: 694: 693: 688: 683: 675: 674: 670: 669: 649: 643: 642: 633: 629: 628: 625: 619:Liston vs Clay 615: 612: 607:New York Times 603:Robert Lipsyte 597: 594: 556: 553: 540:Murray Kempton 509: 506: 487: 455: 410: 367: 364: 213:George Foreman 189:September 1962 176: 173: 171: 168: 106: 105: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4664: 4653: 4652:Boxing on ABC 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4569: 4568: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4328: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4306:" (2002 song) 4305: 4301: 4299:" (2001 song) 4298: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4284:" (1974 song) 4283: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4177: 4171:(2021 series) 4170: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072:Documentaries 4070: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3923:Ali vs. Young 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3853:Ali vs. Lewis 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3823:Ali vs. Ellis 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3491: 3489:0-85634-180-0 3485: 3481: 3474: 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KOs) 728: 726:35–1 (24 KOs) 725: 721: 718: 715: 713: 710: 706: 702: 699: 695: 692: 689: 687: 684: 680: 676: 671: 667: 666: 661: 657: 653: 650: 644: 641: 637: 634: 630: 626: 622: 613: 611: 608: 604: 595: 593: 591: 586: 584: 580: 576: 571: 568: 567:Black Muslims 564: 563: 554: 552: 549: 543: 541: 538:, the editor 537: 536: 530: 528: 524: 520: 516: 507: 505: 503: 495: 494: 486: 482: 479: 477: 473: 472: 463: 462: 453: 408: 406: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 374: 365: 363: 359: 357: 353: 349: 348: 341: 338: 334: 328: 326: 323: 316: 315: 309: 303: 302: 297: 296: 290: 288: 287:Angelo Dundee 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 267:1960 Olympics 263: 261: 260:David Remnick 256: 255:James Baldwin 252: 248: 244: 243:Frankie Carbo 240: 239:armed robbery 236: 231: 229: 225: 224: 218: 214: 210: 206: 200: 198: 192: 190: 186: 182: 174: 169: 167: 165: 161: 153: 144: 142: 141: 136: 135: 131: 127: 123: 112: 102: 99: 91: 82: 81: 76: 72: 68: 67:for footnotes 66: 60: 59: 54: 53: 48: 47: 41: 32: 31: 19: 4565: 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Retrieved 3592:ESPN Classic 3587: 3582: 3564: 3557: 3550: 3537: 3519: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3479: 3473: 3464: 3458: 3446:. Retrieved 3442: 3432: 3420:. Retrieved 3416:the original 3411: 3402: 3390:. Retrieved 3385: 3376: 3364:. Retrieved 3360: 3351: 3339:. Retrieved 3335: 3326: 3314:. Retrieved 3310: 3301: 3289:. Retrieved 3285: 3276: 3261: 3256: 3244:. Retrieved 3240: 3231: 3222: 3216: 3207: 3195:. Retrieved 3190: 3181: 3166: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3135:the original 3130: 3121: 3106: 3101: 3092: 3083: 3071:. Retrieved 3067: 3058: 3046:. Retrieved 3041: 3016:. Retrieved 3012: 3002: 2990:. Retrieved 2986:the original 2981: 2972: 2965: 2960: 2951: 2942: 2933: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2894:. Retrieved 2887: 2878: 2866:. Retrieved 2862:the original 2857: 2852:Allen, Mel. 2847: 2838: 2829: 2820: 2811: 2802: 2793: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2747: 2738: 2728: 2719: 2709: 2698: 2692: 2683: 2673: 2663:December 12, 2661:. Retrieved 2655: 2645: 2636: 2628:the original 2623: 2613: 2604: 2592:. 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Reed 1496: 1461: 1449: 1426: 1419: 1402: 1389: 1364: 1274:Sonny Liston 1269:Muhammad Ali 1247: 1214:May 25, 1965 1194:grassy knoll 1180: 1176: 1156: 1144: 1138: 1136: 1129: 1097: 1089: 1083: 1056: 1053: 1046: 1035: 1029: 1011: 1005: 1004: 999: 997: 993: 983:Eddie Machen 980: 968: 956: 937: 923: 920: 917: 909: 905: 901: 897:Jess Willard 885: 881: 877: 869: 865: 856: 844: 840: 832: 815: 799: 691:Cassius Clay 686:Sonny Liston 664: 606: 599: 596:The weigh-in 587: 572: 562:Miami Herald 560: 558: 544: 533: 531: 526: 511: 501: 499: 491: 484: 480: 469: 467: 459: 411: 398: 386:Betsy Palmer 382:Henry Morgan 371: 369: 360: 356:bantamweight 352:Jimmy Cannon 345: 342: 329: 312: 299: 293: 291: 283:Henry Cooper 264: 232: 221: 208: 201: 197:Henry Cooper 193: 178: 158:25, 1965 in 150:25, 1964 in 145: 138: 126:Sonny Liston 122:Muhammad Ali 119: 117: 94: 85: 78: 62: 56: 50: 44: 4550:Rope-a-dope 4356:Foes of Ali 4332:video games 4322:(2013 play) 4266:performance 4179:Other films 4061:Ali: A Life 3602:November 2, 3547:Olsen, Jack 3448:24 November 3392:24 November 3366:24 November 3341:24 November 3316:24 November 3291:24 November 3246:24 November 3241:NDTV Sports 3197:24 November 3073:24 November 3018:24 November 2868:9 September 2594:24 November 2084:24 November 1873:Ving Rhames 1825:Lord Melody 1822:Calypsonian 1733:John Vitale 1707:Star-Ledger 1639:José Torres 1559:Neil Leifer 1507:The Colisée 1491:The Colisée 1352:Recognition 1106:Thunderbird 1070:Ash Resnick 934:The Beatles 930:Ed Sullivan 910:On February 783:Recognition 523:José Torres 390:Garry Moore 378:Bill Cullen 275:Sonny Banks 228:Santa Claus 80:quick guide 4581:Categories 4414:associates 4330:Comics and 4181:and series 4112:Facing Ali 4029:Facing Ali 3412:Boxing.com 3270:0316897752 3217:Only Child 3153:Boxing.com 3115:0671688928 3068:Boxrec.com 2982:Boxing.com 2525:16 January 2446:0316897752 2400:0316897752 2279:22 January 2178:, February 2057:2012-01-17 1993:Miami News 1950:References 1944:Don Draper 1845:Will Smith 1660:Don Dunphy 1643:Jim Murray 1429:California 1386:Background 1373:undisputed 1286:"Big Bear" 1100:reported: 848:Les Keiter 740:6 ft 700:"Big Bear" 350:columnist 308:Jim Murray 279:Doug Jones 217:Mike Tyson 175:Background 4480:Memorials 4264:Music and 3997:The Fight 3553:, (1967). 2190:24, 2008. 1938:episode " 1923:Sam Cooke 1919:Jim Brown 1074:Las Vegas 952:audience— 928:1, 1964, 883:fighter. 836:cornermen 614:The fight 579:Malcolm X 548:Joe Louis 394:Hal March 337:cortisone 207:wrote in 205:Tex Maule 88:June 2023 52:loc. cit. 4567:Category 4487:Ali Mall 4412:Team and 4136:I Am Ali 3596:Archived 3214:(2003), 3044:(letter) 2657:The Ring 2186:on March 2109:Archived 1795:magazine 1452:magazine 1437:New York 1422:magazine 1420:The Ring 1365:The Ring 1291:Hometown 1280:Nickname 1248:The Ring 957:On March 924:On March 800:The Ring 708:Hometown 697:Nickname 665:The Ring 488:— 476:Liberace 456:— 333:bursitis 325:underdog 118:The two 4511:Related 3569:excerpt 3567:(2000) 3520:NPR.org 3169:. Pan. 2551:6 March 2352:9 March 1935:Mad Men 1705:Newark 1703:of the 1667:of the 1645:of the 1371:Former 1342:⁄ 1094:Houston 1014:Florida 825:⁄ 773:⁄ 749:⁄ 322:betting 223:Esquire 4371:Family 4256:(2020) 4240:(2001) 4208:(1977) 4200:(1970) 4192:(1962) 4163:(2021) 4155:(2019) 4139:(2014) 4131:(2013) 4123:(2012) 4115:(2009) 4107:(2003) 4099:(1996) 4091:(1970) 4032:(2002) 4016:(1997) 4000:(1975) 3650:Fights 3542:online 3486: 3422:22 May 3311:BoxRec 3286:BoxRec 3268: 3173: 3113: 3048:2 July 2992:22 May 2896:6 June 2444: 2398: 2212: 2188: 2180: 1851:and a 1776:Legacy 1476: 1464: 1457:hernia 1441: 1433:Nevada 1413:, the 1397: 1362:, and 1328:Weight 1317:Height 1245:, and 1133:this." 1086: 971:cutman 959: 948:Louis— 944: 926: 912: 842:even. 797:, and 759:Weight 734:Height 662:, and 605:, the 443: 401: 156: 148: 130:boxing 3981:Books 3973:Media 1906:Gibbs 1523:Maine 1509:), a 1360:NYSAC 1265:Boxer 1243:NYSAC 1219:Venue 1184:' 1118:down. 795:NYSAC 682:Boxer 660:NYSAC 632:Venue 590:Islam 474:with 318:' 305:' 251:Mafia 46:ibid. 3604:2023 3484:ISBN 3450:2021 3424:2022 3394:2021 3368:2021 3343:2021 3318:2021 3293:2021 3266:ISBN 3248:2021 3199:2021 3171:ISBN 3111:ISBN 3075:2021 3050:2015 3020:2021 2994:2022 2898:2017 2889:Time 2870:2011 2665:2023 2596:2021 2553:2014 2527:2014 2469:2021 2442:ISBN 2396:ISBN 2354:2014 2281:2020 2210:ISBN 2117:2008 2086:2021 2052:ESPN 1932:The 1897:NCIS 1793:Ring 1602:Fix! 1450:Time 1435:and 1417:and 1211:Date 1160:..." 1149:Cubs 1072:, a 624:Date 519:Bear 384:and 271:Rome 215:and 128:for 124:and 61:are 58:idem 55:and 4237:Ali 2170:CBS 1968:CNN 1894:In 1836:Ali 1729:HBO 1615:sic 1356:WBC 1335:215 1239:WBC 1066:FBI 1032:fix 875:" 860:NBC 818:210 791:WBC 787:WBA 766:210 656:WBC 652:WBA 269:in 164:fix 132:'s 4583:: 3590:. 3586:. 3549:. 3518:. 3441:. 3410:. 3384:. 3359:. 3334:. 3309:. 3284:. 3239:. 3189:. 3151:. 3129:. 3091:. 3066:. 3040:. 3028:^ 3011:. 2980:. 2950:. 2932:. 2914:. 2886:. 2856:. 2837:. 2810:. 2792:. 2774:. 2756:. 2737:. 2718:. 2682:. 2654:. 2622:. 2587:. 2569:. 2544:. 2513:. 2494:. 2433:^ 2385:^ 2340:. 2303:. 2289:^ 2271:. 2251:^ 2241:. 2172:' 2159:^ 2143:^ 2119:. 2107:. 2103:. 2077:. 2066:^ 2050:. 2027:^ 2001:^ 1991:. 1980:^ 1966:. 1921:, 1871:. 1831:. 1525:. 1431:, 1358:, 1241:, 1081:. 793:, 789:, 658:, 654:, 380:, 49:, 4302:" 4295:" 4280:" 3634:e 3627:t 3620:v 3492:. 3452:. 3426:. 3396:. 3370:. 3345:. 3320:. 3295:. 3250:. 3077:. 3052:. 3022:. 2996:. 2900:. 2872:. 2741:. 2722:. 2686:. 2667:. 2598:. 2555:. 2529:. 2471:. 2448:. 2370:. 2356:. 2283:. 2218:. 2088:. 2060:. 1571:' 1344:4 1340:1 1337:+ 873:' 852:' 827:2 823:1 820:+ 775:2 771:1 768:+ 751:2 747:1 744:+ 742:2 101:) 95:( 90:) 86:( 77:( 20:)

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