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Her frustration eventually was pointed to as typifying women's unfitness for supervising construction, although many architects sympathized with her position and defended her. In the end the rifts were made up, perhaps, and Hayden's building received an award for "Delicacy of style, artistic taste,
263:
in 1893, when she was just 21. The Woman's
Building was the nation's most prominent design competition for women at that time. Hayden based her design on her thesis project, "Renaissance Museum of Fine Arts," a grand two-story structure with center and end pavilions, multiple arches, columned
195:
659:
In 1893 she submitted an application, on Allen and Kenway letterhead with a recommendation from Robert
Peabody, to build the Woman's Building at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Her former MIT classmate Sophia Hayden also entered the competition. Hayden won and Howe placed
286:
and geniality and elegance of the interior." Within a year or two, virtually all the Fair buildings were destroyed. Frustrated with the way she had been treated, Hayden may or may not have decided to retire from architecture, but she did not work again as an architect.
305:
in 1894, it was never built. She worked as an artist for years and lived a quiet life in
Winthrop, Massachusetts. Hayden died at the Winthrop Convalescent Nursing Home in 1953 of pneumonia after suffering a stroke.
221:
After completing her studies Hayden may have had a hard time finding an entry-level apprentice position as an architect because she was a woman so she accepted a position as a mechanical drawing teacher at the
964:
Women in
American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective : a Publication and Exhibition Organized by the Architectural League of New York Through Its Archive of Women in Architecture.
948:
Stern, Madeleine B. "Three
American women firsts in architecture: Harriet Irwin, Louise Bethune, Sophia G. Hayden Science & technology : America's first woman telegrapher: Sarah G. Bagley."
175:. Her mother, Elezena Fernandez, was from Chile, and her father, George Henry Hayden, was an American dentist from Boston. Hayden had a sister and two brothers. When she was six, she was sent to
237:
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298:. A stepdaughter, Jennie "Minnie" May Bennett, was from William Blackstone Bennett's prior marriage. The couple had no children. William died of pneumonia on April 11, 1909.
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282:, who eventually fired Hayden from the project. Hayden appeared at the inaugural celebration and had published accounts of support by her fellow architects.
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During construction, Hayden's design principles were compromised by incessant changes demanded by the construction committee, spearheaded by socialite
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179:, a neighborhood of Boston, to live with her paternal grandparents, George and Sophia Hayden, and attended the Hillside School. While attending
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709:. World's Columbian Exposition :Jackson Park, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., May 1st to October 31, 1893. Portland, Me: Chisholm Bros. 1893.
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146:(October 17, 1868 – February 3, 1953) was an American architect and first female graduate of the four-year program in
871:
Gullet, Gayle. "Our Great
Opportunity": Organized Women Advance Women's Work at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893.
198:
A photograph of Sophia Hayden taken in 1888 when she was an architecture student at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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training. It became a controversial structure as many women objected to having their work in a separate structure.
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architects. She received $ 1,000 for the design, when some male architects earned $ 10,000 for similar buildings.
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In 1900, Hayden married a portrait painter and, later, interior designer, William
Blackstone Bennett, in
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Hayden is played by
Katherine Cunningham in the eleventh episode of the first season of the TV series
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183:(1883–1886) she found an interest in architecture. After graduation Hayden's family moved to
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The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and
Madness at the Fair That Changed America
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One Rhode Island Family: My Genealogical Adventures through 400 Years of Family History
271:
Hayden's entry won first prize out of a field of thirteen entries submitted by trained
1055:
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Torre, Susana. "Sophia Hayden and the Woman's Building Competition / Judith Paine,"
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MIT Museum Online Gallery. From Louis Sullivan to SOM: Boston Grads Go to Chicago
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The Fair Women: the Story of the Woman's Building, World's Columbian Exposition,
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Hayden, Dolores (1980). "HAYDEN, Sophia Gregoria, Oct. 17, 1868-Feb. 3, 1953".
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Notable American Women: The Modern Period : a Biographical Dictionary.
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Woman's Building. World's Columbian Exposition (1892 : Chicago, Ill.).
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Pioneering Women of American Architecture, Sophia Gregoria Hayden Bennett
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Sicherman, Barbara, and Carol H. Green. “Hayden, Sophia Gregoria.” In
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Women and World's Fairs: American International Expositions, 1876-1904.
742:. University Libraries, Virginia Tech. 8 November 2003. Archived from
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International Archive of Women in Architecture (Biographical Database)
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Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1980.
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614:(Credo Reference ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
218:. Hayden's work was influenced by MIT professor Eugène Létang.
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Sophia G Hayden, Architect of the Woman's Building at the 1893
831:, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008. p. 94-96.
479:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1996. Archived from
187:, but she returned to Boston for college. She graduated from
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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophia-Hayden#ref668673
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Boston: Massachusetts New-Church Union Press, 1893. Print.
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We the Women: Career Firsts of Nineteenth-Century America.
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World's Columbian Exhibition, at Chicago,1492-1893-1892
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New York: Harper & Bros, 1850. Internet resource.
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terraces and other classical features, reflecting her
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in 1890 with a degree in architecture, with honours.
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Ground Plan and Gallery Plan of the Woman's Building
981:Chicago 1893. Chicago, Ill: Academy Chicago, 1981.
842:Ashby, Ruth, and Deborah G. Ohrn. "Sophia Hayden."
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861:Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Dissertation Services, 1982.
409:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 94–96.
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1087:MIT School of Architecture and Planning alumni
892:In Memoriam: Mrs. Sophia W. Hayden, 1819-1892.
767:"Women in Design: Sophia Hayden (1868 - 1953)"
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357:Rand McNally and Company's A Week at the Fair,
348:"Abstract of Thesis: Sophia G. Hayden, 1890."
736:"IAWA database information for Sophia Hayden"
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434:
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536:Moore Booker, Margaret (February 23, 2011).
966:New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1977.
568:"Remembering Sophia Hayden Bennett, Part 1"
796:. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co. 1876.
29:
18:
608:Notable American Women: The Modern Period
793:The American Architect and Building News
561:
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301:Although Hayden designed a memorial for
681:Distinguished Women of Past and Present
386:
1112:Chilean emigrants to the United States
1097:Deaths from pneumonia in Massachusetts
844:Herstory: Women Who Changed the World.
446:The Grove encyclopedia of American art
879:. Illinois State Historical Society.
538:"Hayden (Bennett), Sophia (Gregoria)"
224:Eliot School of Fine and Applied Arts
213:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
152:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1043:- detailed biography with references
765:Beasley, Soodie (February 3, 2010).
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529:
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334:(2017), although she didn't stay at
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828:The First American Women Architects
566:Boumenot, Diane (October 9, 2011).
473:"Sophia Hayden Bennett (1868-1953)"
448:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
406:The First American Women Architects
207:Hayden shared a drafting room with
167:Sophia Gregoria Hayden was born in
1092:American people of Chilean descent
677:(Online compendium of biographies)
647:Cambridge Women's Heritage Project
510:Cambridge Women's Heritage Project
14:
1034:Remembering Sophia Hayden Bennett
952:New York: Schulte Pub. Co, 1963.
359:180. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1893.
350:Technology Architectural Review 3
255:She is best known for designing
506:"Sophia Hayden (later Bennett)"
211:, a fellow female architect at
1001:Harper's New Monthly Magazine.
994:Online Resource - Photo Source
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1082:World's Columbian Exposition
352:(September 31, 1890): 28,30.
261:World's Columbian Exposition
251:World's Columbian Exposition
114:World's Columbian Exposition
37:World's Columbian Exposition
873:Illinois Historical Journal
674:"Sophia Hayden (1868-1953)"
355:"The Woman's Building." In
322:The Devil in the White City
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84:February 3, 1953 (aged 84)
1107:People from Jamaica Plain
1077:American women architects
303:women's clubs in the U.S.
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857:Darney, Virginia Grant,
846:New York: Viking, 1995.
181:West Roxbury High School
112:Woman's Building at the
802:2027/njp.32101080161241
715:2027/mdp.39015071154085
579:(Online family history)
403:Sarah Allaback (2008).
315:Hayden is mentioned in
296:Winthrop, Massachusetts
88:Winthrop, Massachusetts
242:
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49:Sophia Gregoria Hayden
1072:Artists from Santiago
771:Soodie Beasley (blog)
672:Bois, Danuta (1998).
375:Women in architecture
343:Works or publications
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257:The Woman's Building
977:Weimann, Jeanne M.
890:Hayden, William B.
544:. Oxford Art Online
484:(Online exhibition)
1039:2019-04-01 at the
746:on 16 October 2013
643:"Lois Lilley Howe"
310:In popular culture
243:
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226:in Jamaica Plain.
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185:Richmond, Virginia
16:American architect
987:978-0-89733-025-1
972:978-0-8230-7485-3
943:978-0-674-62733-8
928:978-0-609-60844-9
852:978-0-670-85434-9
837:978-0-252-03321-6
825:Allaback, Sarah;
621:978-0-674-62734-5
455:978-0-19-533579-8
416:978-0-252-03321-6
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122:Scientific career
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1067:1953 deaths
1062:1868 births
1016:Hathi Trust
877:PDF edition
442:Joan Marter
336:H.H. Holmes
317:Erik Larson
1056:Categories
807:16 October
776:16 October
750:15 October
720:16 October
686:15 October
653:15 October
627:16 October
585:15 October
516:15 October
490:15 October
381:References
290:Retirement
163:Early life
80:1953-02-03
55:1868-10-17
39:in Chicago
1102:Clubwomen
900:146403030
867:224428837
266:Beaux-Art
203:Education
1037:Archived
885:40058087
548:March 5,
444:(2010).
364:See also
338:' hotel.
331:Timeless
169:Santiago
63:Santiago
1009:1641392
660:second.
259:at the
116:in 1892
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273:female
246:Career
128:Fields
612:(Web)
216:(MIT)
173:Chile
67:Chile
1005:OCLC
983:ISBN
968:ISBN
954:OCLC
939:ISBN
924:ISBN
920:2003
896:OCLC
881:OCLC
863:OCLC
848:ISBN
833:ISBN
809:2013
778:2013
752:2013
722:2013
688:2013
655:2013
629:2013
616:ISBN
587:2013
550:2016
518:2013
492:2013
450:ISBN
411:ISBN
158:Life
74:Died
45:Born
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798:hdl
711:hdl
189:MIT
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