1672:
1660:
1620:, and made available in 1954. Fruit of the more widely used 'Konzentra' are small to medium-sized, mildly aromatic and tart, easier to transport because of their thicker peel, and used for juicing, while fruit of 'Rosina' are larger, sweet and tart, and aromatic, and candied or used in compote. The two cultivars are self-pollinating, yield fruit early, and the sugar content increases while the acid content decreases as the fruit ripen. 'Beissneri' is a cultivar with reddish foliage and bark and serrated leaves. Other edible varieties originate in and are named after
1562:
948:
924:
936:
1319:
82:
1274:. The plant is also resistant to air pollution, wind, and snow pressure. It mostly grows on soil that is moderately dry to moderately damp, acidic, low on nutrients, sandy, and loose. It often grows in stony soil or clay soil, but also sandy soil or wet peat. The plant grows best on fresh, loose, and fertile soil, prefers average humidity, and does not tolerate saline soil or waterlogging. It can be found in light woodland of all kinds and as a
224:
57:
33:
1139:
859: in) in diameter that ripen from August to October. The fruit are green before they ripen and then typically turn to orange or scarlet in color. The sepals persist as a black, five-pointed star on the ripe fruit. A corymb carries 80 to 100 pomes. A pome contains a star-shaped ovary with two to five
755:
to 1 in) wide with a sharply serrated edge, and have short stems or sit close to the central vein except for the outermost leaflet. Leaflets are covered in gray-silvery hairs after sprouting but become mostly bare after they unfold. Their upper side is dark green and their underside is a grayish
1686:
The wood is used for cartwright's work, turner's work, and woodcarving. Wood can be used from trees as young as 20 years. The sapwood is golden and white, while the heart-wood is brown. In almost treeless regions it is used as firewood. The leaves are sometimes used as fodder for livestock while the
665:
inches) in diameter, and the branches stick out and are slanted upwards. The bark of a young plant is yellowish gray and gleaming and becomes gray-black with lengthwise cracks in advanced age; it descales in small flakes. Lenticels in the bark are elongated and colored a bright ocher. The plant does
1702:
It is also used as an ornamental plant in parks, gardens, or as an avenue tree. Ornamental cultivars include 'Asplenifolia', which has divided and sharply serrated leaflets, 'Blackhawk', which has large fruit and dark green foliage, 'Fastigiata', which has an upright columnar form, 'Fructu Luteo',
1760:
were believed to ward off evil spirits and witches. The plant was called "the witch" in
England and dowsing rods to find ores were made out of its wood. Twigs were used to drive cattle to the pasture for the first time in spring to ensure their health and fertility. The wooden shafts of forks and
1597:
and became widespread in
Germany and Austria the early 20th century. Its leaves are larger and pointed, only the front part of the leaflets is serrated, and they have darker bark, larger buds and larger fruit. Similar non-bitter varieties found in Southern Russia were first introduced in Central
1535:
Fresh fruit are usually not tasty, but they can be debittered and made into compote, jelly, jam, a tangy syrup, a tart chutney, or juice, as well as wine and liqueur, or used for tea or to make flour. Fruit are served as a side dish to lamb or game. Debittering can be accomplished by freezing,
1650:
and oak bark to create herb beer. Fruits are eaten as a mash in small amounts against lack of appetite or an upset stomach and stimulate production of gastric acid. In folk medicine they are used as a laxative, against rheumatism and kidney disease, and as a gargled juice against hoarseness.
777: in) and have flossy to felted hairs. These hairs, which disappear over time, cover dark brown to black bud scales. The terminal buds are oval and pointed and larger than axillary buds, which are narrow, oval and pointed, close to the twig, and often curved towards it.
1326:
The species is pollinated by bees and flies. Its seeds are not digested by birds and are thus propagated by being passed intact in their droppings. The fruit are eaten by about 60 bird species and several mammals. They are liked particularly by
674:. It is diffuse-porous, flexible, elastic, and tough, but not durable, with a density of 600 to 700 kilograms per cubic metre (1,000 to 1,200 pounds per cubic yard) in a dried state. The roots grow wide and deep, and the plant is capable of
1761:
other farm implements were constructed from the species to protect farm animals and production from witches' spells. In weather lore, a year with plentiful rowan fruit would have a good grain harvest but be followed by a severe winter.
1302:. This tree stands at more than 15 m (49 ft) tall, is around 100 years old, and has a diameter of 70 cm (28 in). The tallest known specimen in Ireland is an 18 m (59 ft) tall specimen at
1278:
over fallen dead trees or in clearcuttings, and at the edge of forests or at the sides of roads. The seeds germinate easily, so the plant may appear on inaccessible rock, ruins, branch forks, or on hollow trees.
1531:
fruits have been used in the traditional
Austrian medicine internally (as tea, syrup, jelly or liqueur) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, fever, infections, colds, flu, rheumatism and gout.
2295:
1611:
Two widespread cultivars of the
Moravian variety are 'Konzentra' and 'Rosina', which were selected beginning in 1946 by the Institut für Gartenbau Dresden-Pillnitz, an agricultural research institute in
594:
of the species to include or exclude trees native to certain areas. A recent definition includes trees native to most of Europe and parts of Asia, as well as northern Africa. The range extends from
632:, and as fodder for livestock. Its tough and flexible wood has traditionally been used for woodworking. It is planted to fortify soil in mountain regions or as an ornamental tree and has several
621:
as fruit that ripen from August to
October and are eaten by many bird species. The plant is undemanding and frost hardy and colonizes disrupted and inaccessible places as a short-lived
947:
1799:
1639:
with other species to create fruit trees. His experiments resulted in the cultivars 'Burka', 'Likjornaja', 'Dessertnaja', 'Granatnaja', 'Rubinovaja', and 'Titan'. Other
1523:
irritates the gastric mucosa. Pharmacist
Mannfried Pahlow wrote that he doubted the toxicity of the fruit but advised against consuming large amounts. The fruit contain
1294:. This exceptional specimen is 28 m (92 ft) tall and has a trunk diameter of 56 cm (22 in). In Germany, an unusually large specimen is located near
784:. It reaches maturity at age 10 and carries ample fruit almost every year. The plant flowers from May to June (on occasion again in September) in many yellowish white
651:
is loose and roundish or irregularly shaped but wide and the plant often grows multiple trunks. A trunk is slender and cylindrical and reaches up to 40 centimetres (
715: in) wide. They have paired leaf-like stipules at the base of the petiole, and are arranged alternately along a branch, distinguishing them from those of ash,
2505:
1691:
infections in domestic pigs and goats. Bark of the plant was used to dye wool brown or red. Honey from the flowers is strongly aromatic and has a reddish color.
4076:
2498:
4271:
3733:
980:
1671:
1643:
hybrids planted in
Western Europe beginning in the 1980s include 'Apricot Queen', 'Brilliant Yellow', 'Chamois Glow', 'Pink Queen', and 'Salmon Queen'.
3939:
1427:, a medium-size tree with elongated leaves and one to three pairs of leaflets that are sometimes fused at the central vein, which is a hybrid with
4001:
3952:
2327:
2318:
1540:. The fruit are red colored in August but usually only harvested in October after the first frost by cutting the corymbs. The robust qualities of
923:
4158:
3673:
3635:
3428:
3409:
3352:
3333:
3178:
3159:
3041:
Lancashire Folk-lore: Illustrative of the
Superstitious Beliefs and Practices, Local Customs and Usages of the People of the County Palatine
2463:
4321:
1189:
3913:
3075:
2672:
Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, Kopp B (Oct 2013).
4316:
3711:
3692:
3654:
3616:
3597:
3549:
3530:
3511:
3492:
3466:
3447:
3390:
3371:
3314:
3295:
3276:
3264:
3254:
3235:
3216:
3197:
3140:
3121:
3102:
3005:
2968:
2365:
1938:
764:. The leaflets are asymmetrical at the bottom. The foliage grows in May and turns yellow in autumn or a dark red in dry locations.
666:
not often grow older than 80 years and is one of the shortest-lived trees in temperate climate. The wood has a wide reddish white
4281:
1264:. It has naturalized in America from Washington to Alaska and eastward in Canada and the northeast of the US very successfully.
3988:
4306:
4220:
4042:
4137:
1659:
935:
4006:
2608:
788:
that contain about 250 flowers. The corymbs are large, upright, and bulging. The flowers are between 8 and 10 millimetres (
4063:
2323:
1081:
2881:
4184:
3838:
3802:
1711:
1632:
2509:
4301:
4225:
4171:
1458:
produces leaf galls. The leaves are not palatable to insects, but are used by insect larvae, including by the moth
591:
4081:
2958:
701:
central vein and with a terminal leaflet. The leaves are up to 20 cm (8 in) long, 8 to 12 cm (3 to
4296:
4291:
4037:
2604:
1902:"rowan noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at"
1270:
is an undemanding species and can withstand shade. It is frost hardy and can tolerate winter dryness and a brief
812:
that are covered in hairs or bare. The five round or oval petals are yellowish white and the flower has up to 25
3036:
2282:[A Late-Tertiary Conifer-Hardwood Forest From the Vicinity of Güvem Village, Near Kızılcahamam, Ankara]
1710:‘Sheerwater Seedling', an upright and slender cultivar, and 'Wisley Gold' with yellow fruits, have received the
4311:
4286:
1466:
81:
4176:
1454:
1363:. Cloven-hoofed game also excessively browse foliage and bark. The plant roots can be found in symbiosis with
2280:"Ankara, Kızılcahamam yakınındaki Güvem köyü civarında bulunan son tersiyer kozalaklı-yeşil yapraklı ormanı"
1374:
It is usually later superseded by larger forest trees. In
Central Europe it often grows in association with
3931:
3820:
721:, which are opposite and without stipules. The leaflets are elongated-lanceolate in shape, 2 to 6 cm (
3926:
3853:
3745:
1442:
1417:
1299:
3843:
1552:, recommended the planting of the species in 1779. The oldest Finnish candy still commercially produced,
3957:
2309:
1715:
1364:
647:
is a small tree or shrub that grows up to between about 5 and 15 metres (16 and 49 feet) in height. The
198:
3783:
1850:
1448:
1901:
1872:
1772:
in May to protect livestock from evil, and rowan trees were planted in pastures for similar purposes.
1561:
613:
in pairs of leaflets on a central vein with a terminal leaflet. It blossoms from May to June in dense
4091:
3887:
1415:, a small tree with oval serrated leaves and two to three pairs of leaflets, which is a hybrid with
863:
each containing one or two flat, narrow, and pointed reddish seeds. The flesh of the fruit contains
2932:
1411:
1261:
825:
46:
4055:
2906:
1590:
1527:, which can be used as a sugar substitute by diabetics, but its production is no longer relevant.
4243:
3879:
3565:
2467:
2279:
1423:
1356:
1332:
1291:
1096:
717:
236:
76:
4235:
4163:
1791:
1703:
which has orange yellow fruit, 'Michred', which has brilliant red fruit, 'Pendula', which is a
4112:
4019:
3861:
3707:
3688:
3669:
3650:
3631:
3612:
3593:
3545:
3526:
3507:
3488:
3462:
3443:
3424:
3405:
3386:
3367:
3348:
3329:
3310:
3291:
3272:
3250:
3231:
3212:
3193:
3174:
3155:
3136:
3117:
3098:
3071:
3020:
3001:
2964:
2711:
2361:
1934:
1787:
1765:
1549:
1406:
1375:
907:
609:
The tree has a slender trunk with smooth bark, a loose and roundish crown, and its leaves are
4117:
3574:
3480:
3479:(1997). "Marie de France, Geirmundar þáttr heljarskinns, and reader-response criticism". In
2701:
2693:
1845:
1753:
1475:
1460:
1352:
1229:
1203:
1175:
694:
554:
525:
3980:
4276:
4099:
1598:
Europe in 1900 as 'Rossica' and 'Rossica Major', which has large fruit up to 1.5 cm (
1537:
1520:
1383:
1340:
1307:
1275:
876:
622:
548:
119:
1827:
1178:): has thin, sparsely hairy leaflets and depressed-globose fruit, restricted to Bulgaria
4145:
2706:
2673:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1621:
1586:
1482:
1387:
1368:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1271:
1100:, also called mountain ash, native to Tasmania and Victoria in southeastern Australia.
954:
829:
667:
648:
603:
223:
106:
4265:
4014:
3579:
3560:
1836:
1625:
1617:
1545:
1328:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1143:
1127:
1006:
629:
214:
66:
61:
3727:
1694:
The species is planted in mountain ranges to fortify landslide and avalanche zones.
32:
4248:
4150:
3866:
3502:
Neuweiler, Reto; Röthlisberger, Kurt; Rusterholz, Peter; Terrettaz, Roland (2000).
3044:
1704:
1391:
1379:
1206:): has hairy leaflets and ovoid fruit, found in Southern Italy, Sicily, and Corsica
1017:
884:
628:
The fruit and foliage have been used in the creation of dishes and beverages, as a
3807:
3794:
3135:(in German). Translated by Wolfgang Steuer (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: DRW-Verlag.
4189:
4029:
2995:
1721:
Cultivars are vegetatively propagated via cuttings, grafting, or shield budding.
1192:& Grab.): less hairy, found in Northern Europe and Central European mountains
4212:
4068:
4050:
3965:
3777:
3476:
2600:
1688:
1647:
1507:
were used in the past to lure and catch birds. To humans, the fruit are bitter,
1487:
1429:
1104:
868:
761:
675:
583:
1138:
1103:
The common name mountain ash dates from the 16th century. It was first used by
4127:
2697:
1783:
1737:
1565:
Comparison of fruit from an edible cultivar (left) and a roadside tree (right)
1512:
1508:
1471:
872:
864:
821:
781:
3918:
3768:
3900:
1779:
1252:. In the Alps it grows at elevations of up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
1249:
1245:
900:
896:
679:
671:
606:. Unlike many plants with similar distributions, it is not native to Japan.
579:
4202:
3687:(in German). Translated by Jürgen Ostmeyer (3rd ed.). Hanau: Dausien.
2715:
1318:
808: in) in diameter and have five small, yellowish green, and triangular
4197:
3830:
3762:
3188:
Erlbeck, Reinhold; Haseder, Ilse E.; Stinglwagner, Gerhard K. F. (1998).
2081:
1746:
1524:
1348:
1344:
1228:, but it is not native to Southern Spain, Southern Greece, Sardinia, the
1221:
1086:
1084:. The species is not closely related to either the true ash trees (genus
988:
888:
757:
633:
587:
165:
132:
4104:
1749:
by grabbing hold of a rowan, which became known as "Thor's protection".
698:
3944:
3874:
1676:
1594:
1554:
1360:
1336:
1225:
1091:
1037:
690:
610:
595:
155:
3970:
3815:
2682:
anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"
1613:
1516:
1233:
984:
892:
880:
860:
813:
785:
686:
614:
599:
175:
145:
3739:
3366:. Früchte, Knospen, Rinden (in German) (3rd ed.). Munich: BLV.
3559:
Raspé, Olivier; Findlay, Catherine; Jacquemart, Anne-Laure (2000).
3993:
3905:
1730:
1670:
1658:
1560:
1317:
1137:
1069:
1000:
824:
and an ovary with two to five styles; the style is fused with the
817:
809:
93:
3732:- information, genetic conservation units and related resources.
1769:
1742:
1107:
in 1597, translating it directly from the then botanists' Latin
836:
618:
3892:
3743:
3544:(in German). Translated by Erhard Held. Ravensburg: O. Maier.
2963:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. 137–138.
1351:. The fruit are eaten by migratory birds in winter, including
566:
537:
563:
2829:
Neuweiler, Röthlisberger, Rusterholz, Terrettaz 2000, p. 214
1390:. The plant is highly flammable and tends not to accumulate
1882:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
534:
1778:
is used in the coats of arms of the German municipalities
1260:
at the arctic tree line; in Norway, it is found up to the
3525:(in German) (Revised ed.). Munich: Gräfe und Unzer.
1745:
saves himself from a rapid river created by the giantess
1544:
make it a source for fruit in harsh mountain climate and
1240:. The species was introduced as an ornamental species in
3249:(in German) (1st ed.). Melsungen: Neumann-Neudamm.
2678:
studies on
Austria's folk medicine - An unexplored lore
1558:, is named after and originally contained rowanberries.
1248:
where it grows as the only deciduous tree species among
1164:: found in most of the species' range, less in the South
617:
of small yellowish white flowers and develops small red
2296:
General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration
1768:, boughs of rowan were traditionally taken into cattle
1216:(Hedl.): nearly hairless, found in North Eastern Russia
3706:(in German) (10th ed.). Munich: Gräfe und Unzer.
1244:. It is widespread from plains to mountains up to the
16:
Species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae
3588:
Reichholf, Josef H.; Steinbach, Gunter, eds. (1992).
3271:(in German) (23rd ed.). Berlin, Hamburg: Parey.
1032:
for "catching" and describes the use of the fruit of
832:
smell. Their nectar is high in fructose and glucose.
3487:. Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne.
2938:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 98
1707:, and 'Xanthocarpa', which has orange yellow fruit.
1072:
and mountain ash may be applied to other species in
560:
531:
3752:
557:
528:
3112:Aichele, Dietmar; Golte-Bechtle, Marianne (1997).
1851:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61957558A112304840.en
1800:coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
3664:Ullrich, Bernd; Kühn, Uwe; Kühn, Stefan (2009).
3116:(in German) (56th ed.). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
2288:Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
2240:
2238:
1220:It can be found in almost all of Europe and the
3385:(in German) (1st ed.). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
1486:feeds on the leaves. The plant can suffer from
3685:Dausien's grosses Buch der Bäume und Sträucher
3245:Friedrich, Gerhard; Schuricht, Werner (1989).
3047:and T. T. Wilkinson (London, 1867), pp. 72–74.
2789:
2787:
2785:
2766:
2764:
2506:Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine
2466:. Chilterns Conservation Board. Archived from
3506:(in German) (1st ed.). Zollikofen: LmZ.
3068:Western Scottish Folklore & Superstitions
8:
3037:"The Mountain Ash, or Wicken or Wiggen Tree"
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2599:Alan Watson Featherstone (8 November 2010).
2437:
2435:
2433:
1920:
1918:
1515:. They have vitamin C, so they prevent
756:green and felted. Young leaflets smell like
3734:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
3095:Enzyklopädie der Garten- und Zimmerpflanzen
3070:. Maple Shade NJ: Lethe Press. p. 92.
2860:Enzyklopädie der Garten- und Zimmerpflanzen
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2264:
2262:
2223:Erlbeck, Haseder, Stinglwagner 1998, p. 167
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2091:. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.
2057:
2055:
2019:Erlbeck, Haseder, Stinglwagner 1998, p. 166
1331:and other songbirds, and are also eaten by
1080:, and mountain ash may be used for several
957:range holding its fruit through late autumn
3740:
3592:(in German). Vol. 7. Munich: Mosaik.
3347:(in German) (14th ed.). Munich: BLV.
3228:Landscape Plants for Eastern North America
3027:, ed. William Hone (London, 1827), p. 337.
2989:
2987:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2449:
2447:
2375:
2373:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2045:
1585:Dippel, was first discovered in 1810 near
767:The buds are often longer than 1 cm (
222:
55:
31:
20:
3630:(in German) (1st ed.). Munich: BLV.
3611:(in German) (8th ed.). Munich: BLV.
3578:
3442:(in German) (2nd ed.). Munich: BLV.
3309:(in German). Augsburg: Naturbuch-Verlag.
3290:(in German). Augsburg: Naturbuch-Verlag.
3154:(in German). Berlin: Stiftung Warentest.
3000:. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.
2736:
2734:
2705:
2252:
2250:
2139:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1849:
1646:The leaves were fermented with leaves of
2855:
2853:
2628:
2626:
2601:"Trees for Life - Rowan Species Profile"
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1616:, from 75 specimens found mostly in the
40:A roadside tree with berries in Ireland
3171:Welche Wildkräuter und Beeren sind das?
2559:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 913
2418:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 915
2395:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 911
2328:United States Department of Agriculture
2319:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2268:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 916
2191:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 910
1818:
1536:cooking, or drying, which degrades the
919:
586:. It is a highly variable species, and
321:(C.K.Schneid.) M.F.Fay & Christenh.
249:
2594:
2592:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
929:Saplings showing the typical leaf form
745: in) long, and 1 to 2.5 cm (
3247:Seltenes Kern-, Stein- und Beerenobst
2611:from the original on 27 February 2002
981:fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district
7:
4226:e757fe22-2b1d-4b96-979b-7938e1bbfd0c
4092:f9dbf398-6330-4531-a604-64425052dd97
3540:Paul, Anthony; Rees, Yvonne (1990).
1286:in the United Kingdom stands in the
4272:IUCN Red List least concern species
3383:Essbare Wildbeeren und Wildpflanzen
2358:A Dictionary of English Plant Names
1837:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1731:Rowan § Mythology and folklore
1635:began in 1905 to crossbreed common
670:and a light brown to reddish brown
598:, the British Isles and Iceland to
3421:Essbare & giftige Wildpflanzen
3097:(in German). Munich: Orbis. 1994.
2453:Aichele, Golte-Bechtle 1997, p. 78
14:
3267:(1972). von Weihe, Konrad (ed.).
3190:Das Kosmos Wald- und Forstlexikon
2811:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 277
2802:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 276
2113:Reichholf, Steinbach 1992, p. 103
1040:. The plant is commonly known as
828:. The flowers have an unpleasant
297:(Koehne) M.F.Fay & Christenh.
4177:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:741641-1
3580:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00502.x
3404:(in German). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
3307:Einheimische Bäume und Sträucher
3192:(in German). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
3173:(in German). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
2847:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 45
2838:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 42
2793:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 41
2779:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 40
2770:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 38
2758:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 37
2586:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 44
2577:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 43
1904:. Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
1826:Rivers, M.C.; Beech, E. (2017).
1569:A more palatable variety, named
946:
934:
922:
553:
524:
80:
3523:Das große Buch der Heilpflanzen
3423:(in German). Stuttgart: Ulmer.
3328:(in German). Stuttgart: Ulmer.
3211:(in German). Stuttgart: Ulmer.
2488:Ullrich, Kühn, Kühn 2009, p. 29
1931:: Mountain Ash and other Rowans
1024:, which derives from the words
1012:is composed of the Latin words
329:(Kom.) M.F.Fay & Christenh.
305:(Kom.) M.F.Fay & Christenh.
3649:(in German). Cologne: Tigris.
3504:Beeren und besondere Obstarten
3021:"Witchcraft: The Mountain Ash"
2997:Dictionary of English folklore
2994:Simpson, J.; Roud, S. (2000).
1116:was previously categorized as
1:
2499:"Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.)"
2324:Agricultural Research Service
1153:is found in five subspecies:
1082:other distantly related trees
979:have been described from the
3609:Der große BLV-Pflanzenführer
3150:Breckwoldt, Michael (2011).
2686:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1446:and the mountain-ash sawfly
1409:can result; hybrids include
1322:Damage caused by game animal
4322:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3402:Welche Heilpflanze ist das?
3226:Flint, Harrison L. (1997).
3114:Das neue Was blüht denn da?
2960:Handbook of Norse Mythology
1712:Royal Horticultural Society
1633:Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin
1593:mountain range of Northern
1511:, laxative, diuretic and a
1397:Other species of the genus
1048:, and has also been called
693:with four to nine pairs of
4338:
3668:(in German). Munich: BLV.
3628:Wildpflanzen neu entdecken
3521:Pahlow, Mannfried (1993).
3461:(in German). Munich: BLV.
3324:Godet, Jean-Denis (2008).
3305:Godet, Jean-Denis (1998).
3286:Godet, Jean-Denis (1994).
3169:Dreyer, Eva-Maria (2009).
3131:Hora, Bayard, ed. (1993).
2290:(in Turkish and English).
1880:Plants of the World Online
1728:
1224:up to Northern Russia and
998:
839:between 8 and 10 mm (
3683:Větvička, Václav (1995).
3666:Unsere 500 ältesten Bäume
3590:Naturenzyklopädie Europas
3457:Lohmann, Michael (2005).
3419:Kremer, Bruno P. (2010).
3400:Hensel, Wolfgang (2007).
3381:Henschel, Detlev (2002).
3207:Fischer, Manfred (1995).
2933:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
2698:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007
2278:Kasaplıgil, Baki (1977).
1925:McAllister, H.A. (2005).
1844:: e.T61957558A112304840.
1440:are the apple fruit moth
678:and can regenerate after
242:
235:
230:
221:
204:
197:
77:Scientific classification
75:
53:
44:
39:
30:
23:
4317:Plants described in 1753
3626:Scherf, Gertrud (2006).
3607:Schauer, Thomas (2001).
1467:Coleophora anatipennella
1455:Gymnosporangium cornutum
1134:Distribution and habitat
4282:Flora of temperate Asia
3647:Naturführer Deutschland
3438:Laudert, Doris (1999).
3362:Hecker, Ulrich (1995).
2871:Paul, Rees 1990, p. 141
2347:Breckwoldt 2011, p. 152
2244:Breckwoldt 2011, p. 153
1798:. Rowan is part of the
1687:fruit are used against
1682:with visible heart-wood
1667:with visible heart-wood
1608: in) in diameter.
1464:, the case-bearer moth
1367:and less commonly with
1094:leaves, or the species
3702:Zauner, Georg (2000).
3645:Smolik, H. W. (1996).
3066:Napier, James (2008).
2886:'Sheerwater Seedling'"
2674:"Ethnopharmacological
2508:. 2001. Archived from
1683:
1668:
1566:
1443:Argyresthia conjugella
1401:easily hybridize with
1365:arbuscular mycorrhizal
1323:
1300:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1147:
835:Its berries are round
4307:Flora of the Pyrenees
3459:Bäume & Sträucher
2957:Lindow, John (2001).
2728:Henschel 2002, p. 220
2568:Hora 1993, p. 185–186
2404:Větvička 1995, p. 200
1802:and the logo of both
1716:Award of Garden Merit
1674:
1662:
1564:
1321:
1256:appears north of the
1141:
1054:European mountain-ash
582:tree or shrub in the
3704:GU-Kompass Laubbäume
3561:"Sorbus aucuparia L"
3209:Farbatlas Obstsorten
2820:Fischer 1995, p. 213
1953:Schauer 2001, p. 342
1090:), which also carry
987:, which is of early
899:. The seeds contain
697:on either side of a
590:have used different
446:terminalidenticulata
362:flavescentimarginata
326:Pyrus camschatcensis
262:Aucuparia silvestris
3364:Bäume und Sträucher
3345:Bäume und Sträucher
3343:Harz, Kurt (2009).
3288:Bäume und Sträucher
3152:Essen aus der Natur
3056:Scherf 2006, p. 58.
2882:"RHS Plantfinder -
2749:Pahlow 1993, p. 105
2740:Dreyer 2009, p. 108
2662:Laudert 1999, p. 84
2646:Pahlow 1993, p. 106
2550:Lohmann 2005, p. 61
2534:Laudert 1999, p. 81
2525:Lohmann 2005, p. 60
2441:Laudert 1999, p. 83
2427:Laudert 1999, p. 80
2256:Hensel 2007, p. 112
2232:Garcke 1972, p. 722
2131:Hecker 1995, p. 130
2070:Laudert 1999, p. 57
1436:The main pests for
1424:S. thuringiaca
1418:Sorbus × intermedia
1262:71st parallel north
1146:in the Italian Alps
382:Sorbus bachmarensis
270:Crataegus aucuparia
47:Conservation status
3566:Journal of Ecology
3326:Knospen und Zweige
3269:Illustrierte Flora
2632:Flint 1997, p. 641
2470:on 19 October 2015
2173:Kremer 2010, p. 42
2159:Godet 2008, p. 378
2143:Smolik 1996, p. 63
2101:Godet 1994, p. 138
2061:Godet 2008, p. 110
1967:Zauner 2000, p. 52
1933:. Kew Publishing.
1684:
1669:
1663:Freshly cross-cut
1567:
1452:. The rust fungus
1357:spotted nutcracker
1333:cloven-hoofed game
1324:
1292:South East England
1148:
1097:Eucalyptus regnans
1001:Rowan § Names
906:The species has a
718:Fraxinus excelsior
578:, is a species of
518:, commonly called
454:Sorbus caucasigena
442:Sorbus caucasigena
430:Sorbus caucasigena
418:Sorbus caucasigena
410:Sorbus caucasigena
350:Sorbus anadyrensis
278:Mespilus aucuparia
4302:Flora of the Alps
4259:
4258:
4113:Open Tree of Life
3746:Taxon identifiers
3675:978-3-8354-0376-5
3637:978-3-8354-0062-7
3481:Lecouteux, Claude
3430:978-3-8001-5344-2
3411:978-3-440-10798-0
3354:978-3-8354-0479-3
3335:978-3-8001-5778-5
3180:978-3-440-11808-5
3161:978-3-86851-021-8
2379:Hora 1993, p. 184
2356:Grigson G. 1974.
2203:Godet 1998, p. 68
2082:"The Plant Crib,
2049:Godet 1994, p. 52
1766:Scottish folklore
1641:S. aucuparia
1637:S. aucuparia
1631:Russian botanist
1577:Kraetzl, or var.
1550:Habsburg monarchy
1449:Hoplocampa alpina
1407:hybrid speciation
1403:S. aucuparia
1050:Amur mountain-ash
908:chromosome number
885:provitamin A
511:
510:
502:
498:Sorbus subserrata
494:
486:
478:
474:Sorbus lanuginosa
470:
462:
450:
438:
426:
414:
406:
394:
386:
378:
366:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
302:Pyrus anadyrensis
298:
290:
286:Pyrenia aucuparia
282:
274:
266:
258:
254:Aucuparia pinnata
231:Distribution map
190:S. aucuparia
70:
4329:
4297:Flora of Iceland
4292:Flora of Ukraine
4252:
4251:
4239:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4216:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4193:
4192:
4180:
4179:
4167:
4166:
4154:
4153:
4141:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4128:Sorbus_aucuparia
4121:
4120:
4108:
4107:
4095:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4072:
4071:
4069:NBNSYS0000003438
4059:
4058:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4032:
4023:
4022:
4010:
4009:
3997:
3996:
3984:
3983:
3974:
3973:
3961:
3960:
3948:
3947:
3935:
3934:
3922:
3921:
3909:
3908:
3896:
3895:
3883:
3882:
3870:
3869:
3857:
3856:
3847:
3846:
3834:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3821:sorbus-aucuparia
3811:
3810:
3798:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3784:Sorbus aucuparia
3773:
3772:
3771:
3754:Sorbus aucuparia
3741:
3729:Sorbus aucuparia
3717:
3698:
3679:
3660:
3641:
3622:
3603:
3584:
3582:
3555:
3536:
3517:
3498:
3472:
3453:
3434:
3415:
3396:
3377:
3358:
3339:
3320:
3301:
3282:
3260:
3241:
3222:
3203:
3184:
3165:
3146:
3127:
3108:
3082:
3081:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3034:
3028:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2884:Sorbus aucuparia
2878:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2848:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2647:
2644:
2633:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2596:
2587:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2503:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2442:
2439:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2405:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2380:
2377:
2368:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2312:Sorbus aucuparia
2306:
2300:
2299:
2285:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2257:
2254:
2245:
2242:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2204:
2201:
2192:
2189:
2174:
2171:
2160:
2157:
2144:
2141:
2132:
2129:
2114:
2111:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2050:
2047:
2020:
2017:
1986:
1985:Harz 2009, p. 72
1983:
1968:
1965:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1875:Sorbus aucuparia
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1830:Sorbus aucuparia
1823:
1754:English folklore
1741:, the Norse god
1680:Sorbus aucuparia
1665:Sorbus aucuparia
1607:
1606:
1602:
1571:Sorbus aucuparia
1529:Sorbus aucuparia
1461:Venusia cambrica
1412:Sorbus × hybrida
1353:Bohemian waxwing
1230:Balearic Islands
1210:Sorbus aucuparia
1196:Sorbus aucuparia
1182:Sorbus aucuparia
1174:(Georgiev &
1168:Sorbus aucuparia
1158:Sorbus aucuparia
1151:Sorbus aucuparia
1124:Sorbus aucuparia
1109:Montana fraxinus
1010:Sorbus aucuparia
977:Sorbus aucuparia
953:Specimen in the
950:
938:
926:
858:
857:
853:
848:
847:
843:
807:
806:
802:
797:
796:
792:
776:
775:
771:
754:
753:
749:
744:
743:
739:
736:
730:
729:
725:
714:
713:
709:
706:
664:
663:
659:
656:
645:Sorbus aucuparia
573:
572:
569:
568:
565:
562:
559:
552:
544:
543:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
515:Sorbus aucuparia
500:
492:
484:
482:Sorbus monticola
476:
468:
460:
448:
436:
424:
412:
404:
402:apicidenticulata
398:Sorbus boissieri
392:
390:Sorbus boissieri
384:
376:
370:Sorbus aucuparia
364:
358:Sorbus aucuparia
352:
344:
336:
334:Pyrus lanuginosa
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
226:
210:
208:Sorbus aucuparia
85:
84:
64:
59:
58:
35:
25:Sorbus aucuparia
21:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4312:Trees of Europe
4287:Flora of Europe
4262:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4247:
4242:
4234:
4232:
4224:
4219:
4211:
4209:
4201:
4196:
4188:
4183:
4175:
4170:
4162:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4136:
4134:
4126:
4124:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4100:Observation.org
4098:
4090:
4088:
4080:
4075:
4067:
4062:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4036:
4028:
4027:MichiganFlora:
4026:
4018:
4013:
4005:
4000:
3992:
3987:
3979:
3977:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3943:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3917:
3912:
3904:
3899:
3891:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3865:
3860:
3852:
3850:
3842:
3837:
3829:
3827:
3819:
3814:
3806:
3801:
3793:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3748:
3724:
3714:
3701:
3695:
3682:
3676:
3663:
3657:
3644:
3638:
3625:
3619:
3606:
3600:
3587:
3558:
3552:
3542:Bäume im Garten
3539:
3533:
3520:
3514:
3501:
3495:
3475:
3469:
3456:
3450:
3437:
3431:
3418:
3412:
3399:
3393:
3380:
3374:
3361:
3355:
3342:
3336:
3323:
3317:
3304:
3298:
3285:
3279:
3263:
3257:
3244:
3238:
3225:
3219:
3206:
3200:
3187:
3181:
3168:
3162:
3149:
3143:
3130:
3124:
3111:
3105:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3035:
3031:
3019:
3015:
3008:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2650:
2645:
2636:
2631:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2177:
2172:
2163:
2158:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2080:Rich, T. C. G.
2079:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2023:
2018:
1989:
1984:
1971:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1792:Vysočina Region
1733:
1727:
1700:
1657:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1581:Dieck, or var.
1548:, ruler of the
1538:parasorbic acid
1521:parasorbic acid
1501:
1496:
1369:ectomycorrhizal
1341:European badger
1316:
1308:County Limerick
1298:, a village in
1276:pioneer species
1136:
1118:Pyrus aucuparia
1028:for "bird" and
1003:
997:
973:
968:
963:
962:
961:
958:
951:
942:
939:
930:
927:
877:parasorbic acid
855:
851:
850:
845:
841:
840:
816:fused with the
804:
800:
799:
794:
790:
789:
780:The species is
773:
769:
768:
751:
747:
746:
741:
737:
734:
732:
727:
723:
722:
711:
707:
704:
702:
661:
657:
654:
652:
642:
623:pioneer species
556:
547:
546:
527:
523:
507:
490:Sorbus sibirica
413:Kom. ex Gatsch.
318:Pyrus boissieri
310:Pyrus aucuparia
248:
247:
217:
212:
206:
193:
79:
71:
60:
56:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4335:
4333:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4264:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4249:wfo-0001016186
4240:
4230:
4217:
4207:
4194:
4181:
4168:
4155:
4142:
4132:
4122:
4109:
4096:
4086:
4073:
4060:
4047:
4034:
4024:
4011:
3998:
3985:
3975:
3962:
3949:
3936:
3923:
3910:
3897:
3884:
3871:
3858:
3848:
3835:
3825:
3812:
3799:
3789:
3774:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3723:
3722:External links
3720:
3719:
3718:
3712:
3699:
3693:
3680:
3674:
3661:
3655:
3642:
3636:
3623:
3617:
3604:
3598:
3585:
3573:(5): 910–930.
3556:
3550:
3537:
3531:
3518:
3512:
3499:
3493:
3473:
3467:
3454:
3448:
3435:
3429:
3416:
3410:
3397:
3391:
3378:
3372:
3359:
3353:
3340:
3334:
3321:
3315:
3302:
3296:
3283:
3277:
3265:Garcke, August
3261:
3255:
3242:
3236:
3223:
3217:
3204:
3198:
3185:
3179:
3166:
3160:
3147:
3141:
3133:Bäume der Welt
3128:
3122:
3109:
3103:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3077:978-1590210543
3076:
3058:
3049:
3029:
3025:The Table Book
3013:
3006:
2983:
2969:
2949:
2924:
2911:'Wisley Gold'"
2898:
2873:
2864:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2781:
2772:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2730:
2721:
2664:
2648:
2634:
2622:
2605:Trees for Life
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2515:on 2009-05-30.
2490:
2481:
2464:"Record Rowan"
2455:
2443:
2429:
2420:
2406:
2397:
2381:
2369:
2349:
2340:
2301:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2234:
2225:
2205:
2193:
2175:
2161:
2145:
2133:
2115:
2103:
2094:
2072:
2063:
2051:
2021:
1987:
1969:
1955:
1946:
1939:
1914:
1893:
1864:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1808:Wigan Warriors
1804:Wigan Athletic
1796:Czech Republic
1729:Main article:
1726:
1723:
1699:
1696:
1656:
1653:
1622:Klosterneuburg
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1483:Cornu aspersum
1384:Eurasian aspen
1376:red elderberry
1315:
1312:
1304:Glenstal Abbey
1296:Wendisch Waren
1288:Chiltern Hills
1272:growing season
1218:
1217:
1207:
1193:
1179:
1165:
1135:
1132:
1126:L. belongs to
999:Main article:
996:
993:
972:
969:
967:
964:
960:
959:
952:
945:
943:
940:
933:
931:
928:
921:
918:
917:
916:
897:vitamin C
830:trimethylamine
676:root sprouting
641:
638:
604:northern China
509:
508:
506:
505:
504:
503:
495:
487:
479:
471:
466:Sorbus cordata
463:
451:
439:
434:subintegerrima
427:
422:longifoliolata
415:
407:
395:
387:
379:
367:
355:
347:
342:Sorbus altaica
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
259:
245:
244:
243:
240:
239:
233:
232:
228:
227:
219:
218:
213:
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
136:
135:
130:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
54:
51:
50:
45:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4334:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3713:3-7742-6205-5
3709:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3694:3-7684-2509-6
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3656:3-632-98919-2
3652:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3618:3-405-16014-6
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3599:3-576-10107-1
3595:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3551:3-473-46173-3
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3532:3-7742-1472-7
3528:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3513:3-906679-75-6
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3494:2-84050-089-2
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3468:3-405-16875-9
3464:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3449:3-405-15350-6
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3392:3-440-09154-6
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3373:3-405-13737-3
3369:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3316:3-89440-296-2
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3297:3-89440-154-0
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3278:3-489-68034-0
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3256:3-7888-0562-5
3252:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3237:0-471-59919-0
3233:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3218:3-8001-5542-7
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3199:3-440-07511-7
3195:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3142:3-87181-205-6
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3123:3-440-07244-4
3119:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3104:3-572-00685-6
3100:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3007:9780192100191
3003:
2999:
2998:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2972:
2970:1-57607-217-7
2966:
2962:
2961:
2953:
2950:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2912:
2910:
2902:
2899:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2692:(3): 750–71.
2691:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:0-71-390442-9
2363:
2360:. Allen Lane
2359:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1940:9781842460887
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1865:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1790:, and of the
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1626:Lower Austria
1623:
1619:
1618:Ore Mountains
1615:
1609:
1596:
1592:
1591:Hrubý Jeseník
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1546:Maria Theresa
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:The fruit of
1498:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:of the genus
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:boreal forest
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:North America
1239:
1238:Faroe Islands
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1144:mountain pine
1142:Growing with
1140:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1128:Carl Linnaeus
1125:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:binomial name
1002:
994:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
971:Fossil record
970:
965:
956:
949:
944:
941:Inflorescence
937:
932:
925:
920:
915:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
787:
783:
778:
765:
763:
759:
720:
719:
700:
696:
692:
688:
685:The compound
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
650:
646:
639:
637:
635:
631:
630:folk medicine
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
571:
550:
542:
521:
517:
516:
499:
496:
493:(Hedl.) Prain
491:
488:
483:
480:
475:
472:
467:
464:
459:
455:
452:
447:
443:
440:
435:
431:
428:
423:
419:
416:
411:
408:
403:
399:
396:
391:
388:
383:
380:
375:
371:
368:
363:
359:
356:
351:
348:
343:
340:
335:
332:
327:
324:
319:
316:
311:
308:
303:
300:
295:
294:Pyrus altaica
292:
287:
284:
279:
276:
271:
268:
263:
260:
255:
252:
251:
250:
241:
238:
234:
229:
225:
220:
216:
211:
209:
203:
200:
199:Binomial name
196:
192:
191:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Tracheophytes
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
68:
63:
62:Least Concern
52:
48:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3753:
3728:
3703:
3684:
3665:
3646:
3627:
3608:
3589:
3570:
3564:
3541:
3522:
3503:
3484:
3477:McTurk, Rory
3458:
3439:
3420:
3401:
3382:
3363:
3344:
3325:
3306:
3287:
3268:
3246:
3227:
3208:
3189:
3170:
3151:
3132:
3113:
3094:
3067:
3061:
3052:
3045:John Harland
3043:, edited by
3040:
3032:
3024:
3016:
2996:
2974:. Retrieved
2959:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2908:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2883:
2876:
2867:
2862:1994, p. 572
2859:
2843:
2834:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2775:
2754:
2745:
2724:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2613:. Retrieved
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2530:
2521:
2510:the original
2493:
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2468:the original
2458:
2423:
2400:
2357:
2352:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2317:
2311:
2304:
2291:
2287:
2273:
2228:
2097:
2083:
2075:
2066:
1949:
1930:
1926:
1906:. Retrieved
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1879:
1874:
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1841:
1835:
1829:
1821:
1776:S. aucuparia
1775:
1774:
1763:
1758:S. aucuparia
1757:
1751:
1736:
1734:
1720:
1709:
1705:weeping tree
1701:
1693:
1685:
1679:
1664:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1610:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1542:S. aucuparia
1541:
1534:
1528:
1505:S. aucuparia
1504:
1502:
1481:
1480:. The snail
1476:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1438:S. aucuparia
1437:
1435:
1430:S. aria
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1392:plant litter
1388:silver birch
1373:
1325:
1284:S. aucuparia
1283:
1282:The tallest
1281:
1268:S. aucuparia
1267:
1266:
1254:S. aucuparia
1253:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1114:S. aucuparia
1113:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1068:. The names
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:mountain-ash
1045:
1041:
1036:as bait for
1034:S. aucuparia
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:service tree
1013:
1009:
1004:
976:
974:
911:
905:
834:
779:
766:
716:
684:
644:
643:
627:
608:
576:mountain-ash
575:
519:
514:
513:
512:
497:
489:
481:
473:
465:
457:
453:
445:
441:
433:
429:
421:
417:
409:
401:
397:
393:C.K.Schneid.
389:
381:
373:
369:
361:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
313:(L.) Gaertn.
309:
301:
293:
289:(L.) Clairv.
285:
277:
273:(L.) Salisb.
269:
261:
253:
207:
205:
189:
188:
176:
139:
126:
113:
100:
24:
18:
4051:NatureServe
3966:iNaturalist
3778:Wikispecies
3440:Mythos Baum
2942:15 November
2891:15 November
1857:19 November
1756:, twigs of
1689:erysipeloid
1488:fire blight
1472:leaf miners
1380:goat willow
1105:John Gerard
1066:rowan-berry
975:Fossils of
869:citric acid
865:carotenoids
640:Description
592:definitions
584:rose family
120:Angiosperms
4266:Categories
4233:WisFlora:
4146:Plant List
3851:Calflora:
3736:(EUFORGEN)
3088:References
2294:. Ankara:
1927:The genus
1908:2022-05-06
1886:4 November
1784:Eschenrode
1738:Prose Edda
1698:Ornamental
1648:sweet gale
1519:, but the
1513:cholagogue
1509:astringent
1236:, and the
1172:fenenkiana
1058:quick beam
873:malic acid
826:receptacle
822:hypanthium
820:to form a
782:monoecious
458:versicolor
337:(Kit.) DC.
281:(L.) Scop.
3932:220012689
3230:. Wiley.
2298:: 94–102.
1814:Footnotes
1788:Hermsdorf
1780:Ebernhahn
1477:Stigmella
1250:krummholz
1246:tree line
1200:praemorsa
1162:aucuparia
1076:subgenus
1062:quickbeam
1022:aucuparia
901:glycoside
680:coppicing
672:heartwood
634:cultivars
588:botanists
580:deciduous
184:Species:
90:Kingdom:
4221:VicFlora
4210:VASCAN:
4203:27800192
4198:Tropicos
4125:PalDat:
4056:2.158324
4020:61957558
3994:741641-1
3828:BioLib:
3763:Wikidata
2716:23770053
2680:in vitro
2676:in vitro
2615:26 April
2609:Archived
1675:Freshly
1587:Ostružná
1583:moravica
1525:sorbitol
1499:Culinary
1349:squirrel
1345:dormouse
1329:thrushes
1222:Caucasus
1214:sibirica
1186:glabrata
1087:Fraxinus
989:Pliocene
966:Taxonomy
889:sorbitol
758:marzipan
695:leaflets
545:, also
377:P.D.Sell
374:hortorum
237:Synonyms
166:Rosaceae
162:Family:
133:Eudicots
67:IUCN 3.1
4038:MoBotPF
3945:3012167
3875:Ecocrop
3769:Q146198
3483:(ed.).
2976:29 July
2917:5 March
2707:3791396
2474:7 April
2333:7 April
1794:of the
1735:In the
1725:Culture
1677:rip-cut
1603:⁄
1595:Moravia
1589:in the
1555:Pihlaja
1371:fungi.
1361:redwing
1337:red fox
1314:Ecology
1226:Siberia
1212:subsp.
1198:subsp.
1184:subsp.
1170:subsp.
1160:subsp.
1092:pinnate
1038:fowling
955:Vercors
861:locules
854:⁄
844:⁄
818:corolla
814:stamens
803:⁄
793:⁄
786:corymbs
772:⁄
750:⁄
740:⁄
726:⁄
710:⁄
691:pinnate
668:sapwood
660:⁄
615:corymbs
611:pinnate
596:Madeira
461:Gatsch.
449:Gatsch.
437:Gatsch.
425:Gatsch.
405:Gatsch.
385:Gatsch.
172:Genus:
156:Rosales
152:Order:
94:Plantae
65: (
4277:Sorbus
4159:PLANTS
4151:rjp-68
4118:217673
4089:NZOR:
4043:286370
3958:310534
3919:179162
3893:241042
3844:292027
3816:ARKive
3808:190759
3795:227847
3792:APDB:
3710:
3691:
3672:
3653:
3634:
3615:
3596:
3548:
3529:
3510:
3491:
3465:
3446:
3427:
3408:
3389:
3370:
3351:
3332:
3313:
3294:
3275:
3253:
3234:
3215:
3196:
3177:
3158:
3139:
3120:
3101:
3074:
3004:
2967:
2909:Sorbus
2714:
2704:
2364:
2084:Sorbus
1937:
1929:Sorbus
1786:, and
1655:Timber
1614:Saxony
1579:edulis
1575:dulcis
1517:scurvy
1470:, and
1421:, and
1399:Sorbus
1386:, and
1359:, and
1347:, and
1234:Azores
1232:, the
1078:Sorbus
1074:Sorbus
1030:capere
1014:sorbus
985:Turkey
895:, and
893:tannin
881:pectin
810:sepals
762:brayed
699:terete
687:leaves
600:Russia
574:) and
345:Koehne
265:Medik.
257:Fourr.
177:Sorbus
146:Rosids
4190:17539
4135:PFI:
4082:36599
4007:25320
3978:IPA:
3971:56063
3914:EUNIS
3906:SOUAU
3867:4YB93
3831:39560
3485:Hugur
3039:, in
3023:, in
2936:(PDF)
2913:. RHS
2513:(PDF)
2502:(PDF)
2284:(PDF)
2089:(PDF)
1770:byres
1747:Gjálp
1573:var.
1494:Usage
1204:Guss.
1190:Wimm.
1176:Stoj.
1070:rowan
1064:, or
1042:rowan
995:Names
991:age.
914:=34.
837:pomes
760:when
649:crown
619:pomes
520:rowan
485:Gand.
469:Gand.
372:var.
365:Jalas
140:Clade
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
4236:5109
4213:8964
4172:POWO
4164:SOAU
4138:9869
4105:7495
4077:NCBI
4030:2570
4015:IUCN
4002:ITIS
3989:IPNI
3981:9741
3953:GRIN
3940:GBIF
3901:EPPO
3880:9941
3854:7684
3839:BOLD
3803:APNI
3708:ISBN
3689:ISBN
3670:ISBN
3651:ISBN
3632:ISBN
3613:ISBN
3594:ISBN
3546:ISBN
3527:ISBN
3508:ISBN
3489:ISBN
3463:ISBN
3444:ISBN
3425:ISBN
3406:ISBN
3387:ISBN
3368:ISBN
3349:ISBN
3330:ISBN
3311:ISBN
3292:ISBN
3273:ISBN
3251:ISBN
3232:ISBN
3213:ISBN
3194:ISBN
3175:ISBN
3156:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3118:ISBN
3099:ISBN
3072:ISBN
3002:ISBN
2978:2023
2965:ISBN
2944:2018
2919:2021
2893:2018
2712:PMID
2617:2013
2476:2013
2362:ISBN
2335:2013
1935:ISBN
1888:2020
1859:2021
1842:2017
1806:and
1743:Thor
1405:and
1044:and
1026:avis
1020:and
1016:for
1005:The
910:of 2
849:and
798:and
689:are
602:and
501:Opiz
477:Kit.
353:Kom.
246:List
4244:WFO
4185:RHS
4064:NBN
3927:FNA
3888:EoL
3862:CoL
3575:doi
2702:PMC
2694:doi
2690:149
1877:L."
1846:doi
1764:In
1752:In
1714:'s
1290:in
1120:.
983:in
731:to
456:f.
444:f.
432:f.
420:f.
400:f.
360:f.
4268::
4246::
4223::
4200::
4187::
4174::
4161::
4148::
4115::
4102::
4079::
4066::
4053::
4040::
4017::
4004::
3991::
3968::
3955::
3942::
3929::
3916::
3903::
3890::
3877::
3864::
3841::
3818::
3805::
3780::
3765::
3571:88
3569:.
3563:.
2986:^
2852:^
2784:^
2763:^
2733:^
2710:.
2700:.
2688:.
2684:.
2651:^
2637:^
2625:^
2607:.
2603:.
2591:^
2539:^
2504:.
2446:^
2432:^
2409:^
2384:^
2372:^
2326:,
2322:.
2316:.
2292:88
2286:.
2261:^
2249:^
2237:^
2208:^
2196:^
2178:^
2164:^
2148:^
2136:^
2118:^
2106:^
2054:^
2024:^
1990:^
1972:^
1958:^
1917:^
1840:.
1834:.
1810:.
1782:,
1718:.
1628:.
1624:,
1490:.
1433:.
1394:.
1382:,
1378:,
1355:,
1343:,
1339:,
1335:,
1310:.
1306:,
1130:.
1060:,
1056:,
1052:,
903:.
891:,
887:,
883:,
879:,
875:,
871:,
867:,
846:16
682:.
653:15
636:.
625:.
567:ən
564:aʊ
551::
549:UK
538:ən
535:oʊ
215:L.
142::
129::
116::
103::
3716:.
3697:.
3678:.
3659:.
3640:.
3621:.
3602:.
3583:.
3577::
3554:.
3535:.
3516:.
3497:.
3471:.
3452:.
3433:.
3414:.
3395:.
3376:.
3357:.
3338:.
3319:.
3300:.
3281:.
3259:.
3240:.
3221:.
3202:.
3183:.
3164:.
3145:.
3126:.
3107:.
3080:.
3010:.
2980:.
2946:.
2921:.
2907:"
2895:.
2718:.
2696::
2619:.
2478:.
2337:.
2314:"
2310:"
2086:"
1943:.
1911:.
1890:.
1873:"
1861:.
1848::
1832:"
1828:"
1605:8
1601:5
1202:(
1188:(
912:n
856:8
852:3
842:5
805:8
801:3
795:8
791:3
774:8
770:3
752:2
748:1
742:4
738:1
735:+
733:2
728:4
724:3
712:2
708:1
705:+
703:4
662:2
658:1
655:+
570:/
561:r
558:ˈ
555:/
541:/
532:r
529:ˈ
526:/
522:(
69:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
