Soul cake - Knowledge

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Staffordshire" up to the 1950s. Hole (1975) noted in her book "English Traditional Customs" that "in Cheshire and Shropshire, small bands of children still go Souling through the villages on All Souls' Day (or on All Saints' Day which is its Eve). They visit the houses and sing one or other of the traditional Souling-songs, and are then rewarded with gifts of money, or cakes, or sweets". Simpson (1976) also states that in some villages in Cheshire, children have maintained the Souling tradition and go out Souling either on Halloween or the first two days of November.

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shape". Soul-mass cakes were often kept for good luck with one lady in Whitby being reported in the 1860s having a soul-mass loaf one hundred years old. According to Atkinson (1868), soul-mass loaves "were sets of square farthing cakes with currants in the centre, commonly given by bakers to their customers". Sometimes, oat cakes were given in Lancashire and Herefordshire. In Warwickshire, during the 1840s, it was traditional to consume seed cakes during Halloween which coincided with "the end of the wheat seed-time".

806:, who commented that souling was still practised at that time in Cheshire and Shropshire. A version was called 'Stafford Begging Song' was collected in Staffordshire in 1907, and further recordings of the traditional soul-cake song were collected in various parts of England until the 1950s. Folklorist Peter Kennedy made audio recordings of two traditional versions in the 1950s in Cheshire. Versions collected any later than this may have been influenced by folk revival recordings of the song by such groups as 2342:

Seasons, and a Perpetual Key to the Almanac; Including Accounts of the Weather, Rules for Health and Conduct, Remarkable and Important Anecdotes, Facts, and Notices, in Chronology, Antiquities, Topography, Biography, Natural History, Art, Science, and General Literature; Derived from the Most Authentic Sources, and Valuable Original Communications, with Poetical Elucidations, for Daily Use and Diversion, Volume 1. T Tegg

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long customary to crack nuts, duck for apples in a tub of water, and perform other harmless fireside revelries". According to Green (1859), "in some parts of England, the Souling Customs have nuts connected with them, and All Souls' Eve is then named, Nut-crack Night". Such games were also played on Halloween leading to Halloween being known as nut-crack night in the north of England.

459: 620:, went 'caking' wearing masks and visiting houses in the village, "asking the householder to guess their identity". According to Sykes (1977), caking night is also known as caking neet which traditionally takes place on 1 November, or the first Monday if the first falls on a Saturday or a Sunday. According to Chainey (2018), soul caking is still very popular in Cheshire. 524: 4035: 673:

for teenagers, emboldened to throw eggs, stick chewing gum into the locks of car doors and deck neighbours’ trees in rolls of toilet paper. The seasonal availability of fireworks also provides a popular addition to the arsenal". According to Roud (2010), Mischief Night "has proved a very strong pull in places like Liverpool" on 30 October, the eve of Halloween.

312:. According to Gregory (2010), Souling involved a group of people visiting local farms and cottages. The merrymakers would sing a "traditional request for apples, ale, and soul cakes." The songs were traditionally known as Souler's songs and were sung in a lamenting tone during the 1800s. Sometimes adult soulers would use a musical instrument, such as a 40: 450:

witches, ghosts and skeletons". In Northern England, people sometimes went souling in disguise wearing long black cloaks. At times, children went out Souling in disguise. According to the Folk-lore Society publication of 1940, children went Souling in costume. Such masquerading in costume was either a tribute to saints or imitated spirits.

1070:. Man & Culture, 2002. p. 108. Quote: "Soul cakes were small cakes baked as food for the deceased or offered for the salvation of their souls. They were therefore offered at funerals and feasts of the dead, laid on graves, or given to the poor as representatives of the dead. The baking of these soul cakes is a universal practice". 2341:

Hone, William (1830) The Every-day Book and Table Book: Or, Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastimes, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs, and Events, Incident to Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days, in Past and Present Times; Forming a Complete History of the Year, Months, and

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Hampson, Robert Thomas (1841) Medii Aevi Kalendarium: Or, Dates, Charters, and Customs of the Middle Ages : with Kalendars from the Tenth to the Fifteenth Century, and an Alphabetical Digest of Obsolete Names of Days, Forming a Glossary of the Dates of the Middle Ages, with Tables and Other Aids

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went out on All Saints day with lanterns at night with one of the men wearing a horse's skull called the "Old Warb" and visited farmer's houses for drink and money. Barber (1910) believes the use of an imitation of a horse's head by Soulers resulted in Souling "being grafted on to the pagan custom of

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Another game involved the use of apples, and in some parts of England, Halloween was known as Snap-Apple Night. In Staffordshire, one form of the game involved suspending a string from the ceiling and attaching an apple at the end. The apple was then swung in a pendulum motion. The players would need

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Soul cakes formed a key part of the Souling traditions. In Staffordshire, the cakes were also called Soul-mass or "somas" cakes. In East Yorkshire, "somas loaves" were traditionally distributed. In some counties, the Soul-mass cake was "made on All Souls' Day, November 2nd, and always in a triangular

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In the county of Cheshire, Souling plays were traditionally performed. This involved groups of soulers visiting farmhouses performing a death and resurrection play. One of the members would wear a horse-skull without which the play could not be performed. According to Whitmore (2010), the plays were

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Hutton (2001) believes Souling is being observed in modern times in Sheffield. The custom on the outskirts of Sheffield is known as caking-night and traditionally took take place either on 30/31 October or 1/2 November where children "said the traditional caking rhyme ("Cake, cake, copper, copper"),

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in Wales. According to Ross (2001), in many parts of Wales, up to the eighteenth century, the Souling ceremony involved lighting candles in the parish Church. Parishioners donated the candles and "when they were lit, the way in which the flame burned, faintly or brightly, would serve as a prognosis

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In Lancashire, the evening before Halloween is known as Mischief Night. According to Sommerlad (2018), Mischief Night is "known by different dialect names from one region to another – "Mizzy Night" in Liverpool, "Chievous Night" in Yorkshire – the occasion has been likened to a coming of age ritual

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Glassie (1969) suggests that long after 1 November was dedicated to All Saints' Day, a Christian festival, people still continued to practice older pagan beliefs, such as playing divination games on All Saints' evening. The Chambers's Encyclopædia (1871) states that on Halloween in England, "it was

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This Allhallowtide at St. Andrew's, we are experimenting with a reverse of the "souling" tradition. As children in the Gregory Gardens neighborhood come to St. Andrew's collect candy, we are offering to pray for the souls of their friends, relatives or even pets. On Sunday, when we celebrate All

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seems to be an adaptation of the Peter, Paul, and Mary version, in that both depart from historical accuracy by referring to Christmas rather than All Saints' Day or All Souls' Day. But the 1893 version of the song already shares lines from similar Christmas carols: "Here We Come A-Wassailing" and

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Bonfires were also lit on Halloween and during Hallowtide which Roud (2008) suggests may be related to the Purgation of souls by holy fire. Fires known as Tindle fires were made by children on All Souls' night in Derbyshire. In Lancashire, bonfires were lit on Halloween which were known as Teanlay

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Soul-cakes," which the rich gave to the poor at the Halloween season, in return for which the recipients prayed for the souls of the givers and their friends. And this custom became so favored in popular esteem that, for a long time, it was a regular observance in the country towns of England for

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The traditions associated with Souling included Soulers visiting houses with "hollowed-out turnip lanterns" with a candle inside which represented a soul trapped in purgatory. Smith (1989) notes that in parts of Yorkshire, "children still appear on door steps with turnip lanterns and disguised as

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In some parts of Cheshire during the 19th century, adults and children went Souling performing plays and carrying an Old Hob which consisted of a horse's head enveloped in a sheet. The head would be put on a pole and sometimes, a candle would be lit inside, in which case the pole bearer would be

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As an alternative to bonfires, in Lancashire, candles were carried between 11:00 p.m. and midnight on Halloween in a procession up the hills in a custom known as 'lating the witches'. If the candles continuously burnt then the witches' powers would not affect the candle holder as "it was firmly

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According to Hardwick (1872), the burning of fires on Halloween may also be related to earlier practices. In the English countryside, people lit bonfires to ward off evil spirits. Glassie (1969) believes that fires on Halloween were lit into modern times in the Celtic areas of "northern and

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is still played on Halloween. According to Green (1980), "apples turn up in Hallowe'en games as an indication of immortality for you are trying to seize the magic fruit from under water, or from a string hung from the ceiling, as if you were snatching a fragment of life from the darkness".

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The educational reforms of 1870 meant that children, other than very small children, went to school which was when Souling would be carried by children and this affected the extent of the practice. However, the custom persisted in "rural Cheshire, northern Shropshire and adjoining part of

760:, the dish associated with All Souls' day is souly cake which is a fruit/spice bun. According to Duncan (2010), bakers gave souly cakes (small loaves) to their customers which were kept by them in their homes to bring good luck. Such cakes, according to Duncan, are still baked in Wales. 655:

The Antrobus’ troop perform annually in pubs around Cheshire between 31 October and 12 November. The characters include the Letter-in, Black Prince, King George, the Quack Doctor, and ‘Dick’ the Wild Horse and his Driver. The characters are believed to represent the souls of the dead.

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In the Philippines, the practice of souling is called Pangangaluwa and is practiced on All Hallow's Eve among children in rural areas. People drape themselves in white cloths to represent souls and then visit houses, where they sing in return for prayers and sweets.

900:" (which are traditionally associated with Christmas). The musical arrangement (including the accompaniment, chords, and interpolations from the other traditional songs) is quite different from the published 1893 version and was copyrighted by members of the group. 236: 641:(the Devil) and if two Soulers' gangs met, they had to fight and smash the losers' horse skull. A link between Souling and the deceased was made by Wilfred Isherwood, leader of the Antrobus cast, when he said in 1954 that they believed in Souling and ghosts. 598:

By the latter half of the 19th century, states Simpson (1976), it was more usual for children to go out Souling. Further, by the 19th century, memories of begging for bread "for the sake of souls departed" had faded, "leaving only the name soul-cake".

374:) in 1565 was still being distributed in 1826 on All Souls day. The announcement for collection was made by ringing church bells. Further, soul-cakes were still made in Warwickshire (and other parts of Yorkshire) even though no one visited for them. 2585: 1570: 729:" . Food known as Bwyd Cennad y Meirw was also left outside and the hearth was prepared at night for the arrival of the dead relatives. According to Ellwood (1977), doors were left unbolted. Children went out on All Saints' day too in 922:, "Day of Judgment", calling the people to repent and pray for the dead. It seemed plausible that the Cheshire tune could be a folk corruption of the chant as children and beggars asked for cakes in return for praying for the dead. 1827:

Hardiwck, Charles (1872)Traditions, Superstitions, and Folklore, (chiefly Lancashire and the North of England:) Their Affinity to Others in Widely-distributed Localities; Their Eastern Origin and Mythical Significance. A Ireland.

491:, during the early part of the 19th century, "parties went from house to house in the evening collecting candles, one for each inmate, and offering their services to late or leet the witches". Hampson (1841) notes that the words 560:) when people went "Clementing" in a similar manner to Souling. The Clementing custom was also observed in Aston, Sutton Coldfield, Curdworth, Minworth and Kingsbury. During the 19th century, St. Clement was a popular saint in 690:

of the future". The ceremony also involved preparing sole cakes which were known as pice rhanna. Sometimes, during the 19th century, upon receiving the soul cakes, people would "pray to God to bless the next crop of wheat".

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by a priest before being distributed; in exchange, the children promise to pray for the souls of the deceased relatives of the giver during the month of November, which is a month dedicated especially to praying for the

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to commemorate the dead in many Christian traditions. The cakes, often simply referred to as souls, are given out to soulers (mainly consisting of children and the poor) who go from door to door during the days of

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Fleische (1826) An Appendix to His Dramatic Works. Contents: the Life of the Author by Aus. Skottowe, His Miscellaneous Poems; a Critical Glossary, Comp. After Mares, Drake, Ayscough, Hazlitt, Douce and Others

705:, "collecting the food of the messenger of the dead". This custom took place in many parts of Wales on All Souls' Eve. In 1823, it was noted that there was a tradition in Wales for the messenger, known as 2589: 552:

Playing divination games with apples was also popular on other days dedicated to saints, such as St Clement's day on 23 November, which was known as Bite-Apple night, in places such as Wednesbury (

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include or included consuming and/or distributing soul cakes, singing, carrying lanterns, dressing in disguise, bonfires, playing divination games, carrying a horse's head and performing plays.

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in 1858. A fragmented version beginning with 'One for Peter, two for Paul' was collected in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, and printed in a newspaper in 1856. In the 1880s, author and folklorist

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fires which were lit on many hills to observe the fast (feast) of All Souls and the night was called Teanlay Night (after which the Teanlowe Shopping Centre is named in Poulton-le-Fylde).

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small companies to go from parish to parish, begging soul-cakes by singing under the windows some such verse as this: "Soul, souls, for a soul-cake; Pray you good mistress, a soul-cake!

544:, the winner of a game of apple bobbing peeled the apple and "threw the parings over her shoulder. The shape of the peel on the ground could indicate the initials of a future spouse". 286:

According to Morton (2013), Souling was once performed throughout the British Isles and the earliest activity was reported in 1511, and Shakespeare mentioned "pulling like a beggar at

487:. East of Pendle, candles were lit in every window an hour before midnight; if the candle burnt out before midnight, it was believed evil would follow. According to Frazer (1935) at 400:

Similarly in Shropshire, during the late 19th century, "there was set upon the board at All Hallows Eve a high heap of Soul-cakes" for visitors to take. The songs sung by people in

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According to Brown (1992) Souling was performed in Birmingham and parts of the West Midlands; and according to Raven (1965) the tradition was also kept in parts of the

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The tradition continued in some areas of northern England as late as the 1930s, with children going from door to door "souling" for cakes or money by singing a song.

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In Protestant regions souling remained an important occasion for soliciting food and money from rich neighbors in preparation for the coming cold and dark months.

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AA Book of British Villages: A Guide to 700 of the Most Interesting and Attractive Villages in Britain (1980) Drive Publications for the Automobile Association

802:, collected the song traditionally sung during souling, from a little girl at the local school. Two years later, the text and tune were published by folklorist 612:

and received about ten pence from each householder" as reported in Lore and Language, Volume 3, Issues 6–10 in 1982. Prior to the Second World War, children in

219:. They were traditionally set out with glasses of wine, an offering for the dead as in early Christian tradition, and either on All Hallows' Eve (Halloween), 147:, have invited people to come receive sweets from them and have offered to "pray for the souls of their friends, relatives or even pets" as they do so. Among 4082: 1593:

Walsh, William Shepard (1898) Curiosities of Popular Customs and of Rites, Ceremonies, Observances, and Miscellaneous Antiquities. Gale Research Company

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Green, Henry (1859) Knutsford, Its Traditions and History: With Reminiscences, Anecdotes, and Notices of the Neighbourhood. Smith, Elder, & Company,

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recorded this 1891 Cheshire version published by Lucy Broadwood as "A' Soalin", including all the verses as well as parts of "Hey, Ho, Nobody Home" and "

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believed in Lancashire that the witches assembled on this night at their general rendezvous in the Forest of Pendle" which relates to the 17th century

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A version collected in 1818 in Staffordshire entitled "Soul Cakes" and beginning "Soul, soul, for an apple or two" was published and discussed in

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Viereck, Wolfgang (2005) Selected Writings: History of science, English surnames, American English, languages in contact, language and school,

92:. In England, the practice dates to the medieval period, and it continued there until the 1930s by both Protestant and Catholic Christians. In 4559: 2546: 1348: 135:(where it is known as Pangangaluwa and occurs on All Hallows' Eve). In other countries, souling is seen as the origin of the practice of 4229: 1278: 1942:

Hall, Anna Maria Fielding (1846) Sharpe's London Magazine of Entertainment and Instruction, for General Reading, Volume 2 T.B. Sharpe

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The Souling Song from "English County Songs: Words and Music", Collected and Edited by Lucy Broadwood and J.A. Fuller Maitland, 1893

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Saint's Day we will include these prayers and remembrances along with the names of the saints who have passed away in the last year.

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Billington, Michael (2018) The Story of Urmston, Flixton and Davyhulme: A New History of the Three Townships. The History Press

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album. As Lawrence heard the traditional Cheshire tune, she was struck that the beginning notes were the same as the mediaeval

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Brown, Richard (1992)The Folklore, Superstitions and Legends of Birmingham and the West Midlands. Westwood Press Publications

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Souling plays still take place in Cheshire where groups such as the Jones' Ale Soul Cakers perform annually. The villages of

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The practice of dressing up and going door to door for treats dates back to the middle ages and the practice of souling.

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in the late 1800s. People in North Wales also distributed soul-cakes on All Souls' Day and lit a great fire called

1794: 84:"for the souls of the givers and their friends", especially the souls of deceased relatives, thought to be in the 4547: 4532: 4344: 2718: 2364: 1953: 1728: 1717: 568:

also begged for apples on St. Clement's day and money on St. Thomas's day, which takes place on 21 December. In

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Rogers (2003) believes Souling was traditionally practised in the North and West of England, in the counties of

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found two historical tunes associated with soul cakes as she was researching souling songs for her 2009

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on All Saints' Eve "when every family about an hour in the night" made a great fire near their house.

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381:. The prevalence of Souling was so localised in some parts of Staffordshire that it was observed in 4757: 4570: 4356: 3652: 3566: 3403: 2930: 2834: 2748: 2343: 2168:

Whitmore, Ben (2010) Trials of the Moon: Reopening the Case for Historical Witchcraft. Briar books

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The Halloween tradition of trick-or-treating started as a European Christian custom called souling.

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The tradition was noted in 1892 to be held in Penn which is now in Wolverhampton, West Midlands.

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950: 188:, although similar practices for the souls of the dead were found as far south as Italy. 120: 1218: 115:

The practice of giving and eating soul cakes continues in some countries today, such as

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Elucidario Das Palavras, Termos E Frases, que Em Portugal Antigamente Se Usaram

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Sykes, Homer (1977) Once a Year: Some Traditional British Customs. G.Fraser

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Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions

948:

In Portugal, groups of children go souling on All Hallow's Day, collecting

572:, apples and nuts were provided by the local council on St. Clement's day. 523: 227:, children would go "souling", or ritually begging for cakes door to door. 1416:

Morton, Lisa (2013) Trick or Treat: A History of Halloween.Reaktion Books

4767: 4752: 4742: 4471: 4446: 4132: 4009: 3964: 3857: 3842: 3827: 3776: 3771: 3677: 3662: 3627: 3612: 3571: 3546: 3513: 3468: 3348: 3240: 3208: 3085: 3070: 3055: 3030: 1203: 799: 682: 553: 541: 401: 367: 348: 332: 276: 268: 200: 192: 156: 116: 97: 2708: 2319:

Transactions (1896) Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (London, England)

4672: 4607: 4492: 4461: 4261: 4093: 4004: 3954: 3872: 3801: 3672: 3637: 3458: 3388: 3143: 2839: 2829: 780: 569: 386: 208: 181: 39: 17: 4034: 2100:

Hardman, Charlotte and Harvey, Graham (1995) Paganism Today. Thorsons

1795:

Wilkinson, John and Harland T.T. (2018) (reprint) Lancashire Folk-Lore

1751:

Kirk, Connie Ann (2006) The J.K. Rowling Encyclopedia. Greenwood Press

1364:

Eason, Cassandra (1997) The Mammoth Book of Ancient Wisdom. Robinson

239:

Souling was a Christian practice carried out in many English towns on

164:. Any leftover soul cakes are shared among the distributing family or 43:

Soul cakes eaten during Halloween, All Saints' Day, and All Souls' Day

4722: 4677: 4142: 4127: 3756: 3318: 2895: 2298:

Ferguson, Diana (1996) The magickal year. Quality Paperback Book Clu

204: 196: 355:. Palmer (1976) states that Souling took place on All Saints day in 1245:

Making a Monstrous Halloween: Themed Parties, Activities and Events

4406: 4381: 4324: 3255: 2791: 663: 627: 522: 510: 457: 440: 423: 272: 234: 38: 4602: 3914: 2764: 216: 165: 56: 4211: 4064: 2737: 1707:

English Folk Dance and Song Society (1932) Journal, Volumes 1-3

768:

The English "Souling Song" is categorised as number 304 in the

3909: 1898:

Fazer, J.G. (1935) Balder the Beautiful. Library of Alexandria

817:

The 1891 Cheshire version contains a chorus and three verses:

108:

of England, soul cakes were known as Harcakes, a kind of thin

4207: 2089:

Hole, Christina (1975) English Traditional Customs. Batsford

2331:

Bye-gones, Relating to Wales and the Border Counties (1916)

2073: 2071: 564:

and during the 1850s, children and others in neighbouring

536:

to bite the apple with their hands behind their backs. At

320:, Yorkshire, who were "running beside carriage, begging". 283:(a former Spanish colony) that are practiced to this day. 1626:

Morton, Lisa (2003)The Halloween Encyclopedia. McFarland

404:(Shropshire), which borders Wales, contained some Welsh. 2733: 2586:"Roud Folksong Index entry on "Souling Song (Roud 304)"" 2142: 2140: 1490: 1488: 1486: 359:. However, Hutton (2001) believes Souling took place in 2604:"Souling Song (cheshire) (Roud Folksong Index S190972)" 1466:"The Roads is Very Dirty (Roud Folksong Index S395069)" 717:

Deca, Deca, dowch i'r drws, a rhowch ... igennady meirw

471:

westernmost counties of England". During the 1850s, in

393:. In Staffordshire, the "custom of Souling was kept on 1849: 1847: 1740:

Publications of the Folk-lore Society, Volume 106 1940

1544: 1542: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 2629:"Cheshire Souling Song (Roud Folksong Index S302977)" 1729:

Ashton, Kate (2005) Mother and Child. M Q Publication

1581:

Publications, Volume 106. W. Glaisher, Limited, 1940.

1373: 1371: 721:". . If nothing was received, the response would be " 271:

during Allhallowtide. The custom was also popular in

176:

The tradition of giving soul cakes was celebrated in

1976:

Green, Marian (1980) A Harvest of Festivals. Longman

1412: 1410: 1378:

Publications, Volume 106. W. Glaisher, Limited, 1940

725:

Deca, Deca, o dan y drws, a phen, y wraig yn siwtrws

4690: 4651: 4591: 4582: 4525: 4485: 4370: 4297: 4247: 4171: 4103: 3820: 3691: 3590: 3507: 3307: 3269: 3119: 2999: 2909: 2863: 2820: 2782: 1119:. Whispering Pine Press International. p. 33. 785:

History of the County Palatine and City of Chester.

581:covered in a sheet. During the early 1900s, men in 251:Souling is a Christian practice carried out during 1762:Exclusively Yours, Volume 53 (1999) Patten Company 1281:. St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church. Archived from 1068:Compendium of Symbolic and Ritual Plants in Europe 1648:Notes and Queries (1869) Oxford University Press 100:, the custom has continued into modern times. In 1684:Brand. J. (1841) Popular Antiquities, Volume 1 1193: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1078: 1076: 925:The song "Soul Cake" from British rock musician 2111:Lore and Language, Volume 3, Issues 6-10 (1982) 2020:Publications, Volume 38 (1896) Folklore Society 1773:Roud, Steve (2008) The English Year. Penguin UK 795:collected several versions from Staffordshire. 779:collected a version entitled "Souling Song" in 756:, people went Souling for bread and cheese. In 2365:Davidson, Alan (1981) Alan . Oxford Symposium 1718:Lore and Language, Volume 3, Issues 6-10. 1982 1177:Old English Customs Extant at the Present Time 954:(bread for God's sake) from their neighbours. 652:are also noted for Souling plays in Cheshire. 4223: 4076: 2749: 2560: 2558: 1217:Por Joaquim de Santa Rosa de Viterbó (1865). 681:Rogers (2003) believes Souling took place in 8: 2513:"Souling Song (Roud Folksong Index S377627)" 2488:"Souling Song (Roud Folksong Index S377626)" 2463:"Souling Song (Roud Folksong Index S377625)" 2388:"Souling Song (Roud Folksong Index S450109)" 2276:Sharpe's London Magazine, Volumes 3-4 (1847) 2265:Ross, Anne (2001) Folklore of Wales. Tempus 1806:Pickering, W (1879) Archaeologia Cambrensis 1304:Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night 739: 723: 715: 707: 700: 694: 412:The customs associated with Souling during 300:was limited to parts of England and Wales. 4588: 4230: 4216: 4208: 4083: 4069: 4061: 2756: 2742: 2734: 2568:; Fuller-Maitland, John Alexander (1893). 2413:"Soul Cakes (Roud Folksong Index S395180)" 1115:Hood, Karen Jean Matsko (1 January 2014). 475:, fires were lit to "defend the corn from 155:, some parishioners have their soul cakes 2651: 2649: 798:In 1891, Rev. M. P. Holme of Tattenhall, 316:. In 1899, a version was sung by boys in 2674:(CD Booklet). Santa Ana: Vörswell Music. 1998:Occasional Papers (2007) Dugdale Society 2438:"Souling (Roud Folksong Index S395181)" 1009: 1007: 1005: 1001: 849:And all that dwells within your gates, 2657:"The Souling Song [Soul-Cake]" 1023:. Scribner & Company. p. 93. 827:An apple, a pear, a plum, or a cherry, 63:biscuit. It is traditionally made for 34:Religious cake to commemorate the dead 2633:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2608:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2517:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2492:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2467:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2442:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2417:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2392:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 1470:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 1393:. Gracewing Publishing. p. 193. 59:with sweet spices, which resembles a 7: 2689:. Oneworld Publications. p. 28. 1308:. Oxford University Press. pp. 837:God bless the master of this house, 829:Any good thing to make us all merry. 2574:. Leadenhall Press. pp. 30–31. 2539:The Late Victorian Folklore Revival 1909:for Ascertaining Dates. AMPS Press 2685:Robert Muir-Wood (17 April 2017). 1277:Nevares, Diana (29 October 2014). 1085:Legends and Lore of South Carolina 865:With your apples and strong beer, 783:and published it in his 1819 book 191:The cakes are usually filled with 25: 1279:"Is Halloween a Christian event?" 1241:Kullstroem, Chris (27 May 2009). 1223:. A. J. Fernandes Lopes. p. 1198:Paul Fieldhouse (17 April 2017). 892:In 1963, the American folk group 867:And we'll come no more a-souling 4780: 4779: 4192: 4191: 4092: 4045: 4044: 4033: 2541:. Scarecrow Press. p. 315. 1143:Mosteller, Angie (2 July 2014). 964: 845:Likewise young men and maidens, 825:Please good Missis, a soul-cake! 499:are derived from the Saxon word 389:, both localities now in modern 1954:Grade Teacher, Volume 63 (1945) 1040:Plants of Life, Plants of Death 885:If you haven't get a ha'penny, 632:Antrobus Soul Cakers (Cheshire) 4197:Category: Festivals in England 1638:Country Life, Volume 36 (1914) 1145:Christian Origins of Halloween 1038:Simoons, Frederick J. (1998). 859:If the barrels are not empty, 833:Three for Him who made us all. 1: 1339:. Storey Publishing. p. 1044:University of Wisconsin Press 898:God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen 863:We hope you will prove kind, 861:We hope you will prove kind. 713:, to knock on doors and say " 2714:The Souling Song (Soul-Cake) 1391:A Book of Feasts and Seasons 1083:Carmichael, Sherman (2012). 881:If you haven't got a penny, 847:Your cattle and your store; 843:That round your table grow. 841:And all the little children 823:A soul! a soul! a soul-cake! 4098:English festivals and fairs 3284:Kürtőskalács (Chimney cake) 1876:Lancashire Folk-lore (1867) 1333:Castella, Krystina (2010). 857:And see what you can find, 851:We wish you ten times more. 831:One for Peter, two for Paul 293:The Two Gentlemen of Verona 4847: 4352:Lighting candles on graves 2537:Gregory, E. David (2010). 1571:Folklore, Volume 25 (1969) 873:The lanes are very dirty, 26: 4776: 4345:Connecticut field pumpkin 4187: 4028: 2771: 2704:Gode Cookery Food Network 2566:Broadwood, Lucy Etheldred 1431:. 1896. pp. 104–105. 1300:Rogers, Nicholas (2002). 1172:Ditchfield, Peter Hampson 936:"Christmas is A-Coming". 932:If on a Winter's Night... 877:I've got a little pocket 869:Till this time next year. 789:Aris's Birmingham Gazette 2946:Flourless chocolate cake 2850:Smoked salmon cheesecake 2687:The Cure for Catastrophe 1535:v (2007) Dugdale Society 940:Philippines and Portugal 875:My shoes are very thin, 275:and has counterparts in 143:, some churches, during 27:Not to be confused with 2207:18 October 2019 at the 1672:Atlas Linguarum Europae 1229:dia dos fieis defuntos. 519:Hallowe'en party (1950) 207:or other sweet spices, 4826:Christianity and death 4654:Veneration of the Dead 3668:Portuguese sweet bread 3359:Coffee and walnut cake 1389:Bogle, Joanna (1993). 890: 855:Down into the cellar, 740: 724: 716: 708: 702:hel bwyd cennady meirw 701: 695: 669: 633: 528: 520: 463: 446: 429: 259:, with origins in the 248: 119:(where it is known as 44: 4289:Christian observances 3111:Torta alla Monferrina 2981:Molten chocolate cake 2961:German chocolate cake 1249:. McFarland. p. 1020:St. Nicholas Magazine 819: 793:Charlotte Sophia Burn 693:Souling was known as 667: 631: 526: 514: 461: 444: 437:Lanterns and disguise 427: 238: 80:, singing and saying 42: 4643:Parade of Lost Souls 4594:Festival of the Dead 3838:Better than sex cake 3643:Date and walnut loaf 3101:Queen Elizabeth cake 2571:English County Songs 1285:on 29 October 2014. 990:Festival of the Dead 894:Peter, Paul and Mary 883:A ha'penny will do; 839:The misteress also, 808:Peter, Paul and Mary 770:Roud Folk Song Index 473:Carleton, Lancashire 454:Bonfires and candles 4786:Category: Halloween 4571:Treehouse of Horror 4357:Prayer for the dead 3567:Spanische Windtorte 3404:Lady Baltimore cake 2931:Black Forest gateau 2835:Japanese cheesecake 2672:A Broom With A View 2659:. Gene Keyes. 2014. 1429:Cheshire Sheaf 3S:1 1180:. pp. 165–166. 1147:. Rose Publishing. 972:Christianity portal 913:A Broom With A View 887:It's God bless you 879:To put a penny in. 741:Bwyd Cennad y Meirw 503:, meaning "light." 55:, is a small round 4821:Christian folklore 4816:English folk songs 4498:Haunted attraction 3454:Paper wrapped cake 3221:Prinzregententorte 1117:Halloween Delights 670: 668:Toilet paper prank 634: 594:Modern observances 529: 521: 464: 447: 430: 249: 131:), as well as the 88:between Earth and 86:intermediate state 51:, also known as a 45: 4793: 4792: 4686: 4685: 4663:Death anniversary 4628:Qingming Festival 4305:Trick-or-treating 4205: 4204: 4105:English festivals 4058: 4057: 3582:Zuger Kirschtorte 3527:Brazo de Mercedes 3374:Frankfurter Kranz 3236:Smith Island cake 3159:Devil's food cake 3066:Jewish apple cake 2941:Chocolate brownie 2807:Gooey butter cake 2729:Sting – Soul Cake 2548:978-0-8108-6988-2 1350:978-1-60342-576-6 1089:The History Press 515:Apple-bobbing at 166:given to the poor 137:trick-or-treating 16:(Redirected from 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626: 618:South Yorkshire 609: 596: 578: 556:) and Bilston ( 509: 456: 439: 422: 410: 397:" (halloween). 395:All Saints' Eve 306: 233: 221:All Saints' Day 174: 125:All Saints' Day 69:All Saints' Day 35: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4844: 4842: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4811:Halloween food 4808: 4798: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4748:Mischief Night 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4728:Eid il-Burbara 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4708:All Souls' Day 4705: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4638:Zhōng yuán jié 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4613:Día de Muertos 4610: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4567: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4540: 4535: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4517: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4495: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 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de reyes 3735: 3733:Halloween cake 3730: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3711:Christmas cake 3708: 3703: 3697: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3683:Streuselkuchen 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3518: 3516: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3439:Misérable cake 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3191: 3186: 3184:Gâteau magique 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3149:Chantilly cake 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3046:Crema de fruta 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3011: 3005: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2966:Hedgehog slice 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2917: 2915: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2845:Ube cheesecake 2842: 2837: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2802:Gâteau nantais 2799: 2794: 2788: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2699: 2698:External links 2696: 2693: 2692: 2677: 2662: 2645: 2620: 2595: 2577: 2554: 2547: 2529: 2504: 2479: 2454: 2429: 2404: 2379: 2368: 2357: 2346: 2334: 2323: 2312: 2301: 2290: 2279: 2268: 2257: 2246: 2235: 2224: 2212: 2194: 2183: 2172: 2161: 2150: 2136: 2125: 2114: 2103: 2092: 2081: 2067: 2056: 2045: 2034: 2023: 2012: 2001: 1990: 1979: 1968: 1957: 1946: 1935: 1924: 1913: 1901: 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(1883). 1000: 999: 997: 994: 993: 992: 987: 982: 976: 975: 959: 956: 941: 938: 929:'s 2009 album 820: 804:Lucy Broadwood 777:George Ormerod 765: 762: 735:Merionethshire 678: 675: 661: 660:Mischief Night 658: 625: 622: 608: 605: 595: 592: 577: 574: 508: 505: 489:Longridge Fell 485:Pendle witches 455: 452: 445:Turnip lantern 438: 435: 421: 418: 409: 406: 308:Souling is an 305: 302: 232: 229: 225:All Souls' Day 173: 170: 129:All Souls' Day 123:and occurs on 73:All Souls' Day 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4843: 4832: 4831:Allhallowtide 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4806:Death customs 4804: 4803: 4801: 4787: 4775: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4758:Old Halloween 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4718:Devil's Night 4716: 4714: 4713:Beggars Night 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4668:Death customs 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4650: 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4255: 4254: 4252: 4246: 4242: 4233: 4228: 4226: 4221: 4219: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4198: 4190: 4189: 4186: 4180: 4179:Well dressing 4177: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4113:Plough Monday 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4086: 4081: 4079: 4074: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4051: 4043: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3975:Punschkrapfen 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3950:Pain d'épices 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3905:Ispanaklı kek 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 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527:Apple bobbing 525: 518: 513: 506: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 480: 478: 474: 468: 460: 453: 451: 443: 436: 434: 426: 419: 417: 415: 414:Allhallowtide 407: 405: 403: 398: 396: 392: 391:Wolverhampton 388: 384: 380: 379:Black Country 375: 373: 372:West Midlands 369: 364: 362: 361:Hertfordshire 358: 354: 353:Herefordshire 350: 346: 342: 341:Peak District 338: 337:Staffordshire 334: 330: 326: 321: 319: 315: 311: 303: 301: 299: 298:Allhallowtide 295: 294: 289: 284: 282: 278: 274: 270: 267:and parts of 266: 262: 258: 257:Christmastide 254: 253:Allhallowtide 246: 242: 237: 230: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 189: 187: 183: 179: 171: 169: 167: 163: 158: 154: 150: 146: 145:Allhallowtide 142: 141:United States 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 113: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 78:Allhallowtide 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 53:soulmass-cake 50: 41: 37: 30: 19: 4763:Punkie Night 4691:Other events 4633:Totensonntag 4623:Pitru Paksha 4603:Bon Festival 4569: 4476: 4457:Pão por Deus 4432:Caramel corn 4152: 4122:Mother's Day 3812:Wedding cake 3791: 3782:Pop out cake 3742: 3728:Groom's cake 3648:Easter bread 3633:Chorley cake 3598:Banbury cake 3532:Chiffon cake 3419:Madeira cake 3379:French Fancy 3231:Sarawak cake 3226:Rainbow cake 3164:Doberge cake 3154:Coconut cake 2876:Castagnaccio 2797:Banana bread 2784:Butter cakes 2773: 2686: 2680: 2671: 2665: 2636:. 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