1546:
1495:
1152:
1446:
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1433:
1521:
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1631:
1508:
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1618:
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1472:
1420:
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954:
2084:
1338:, in which his eldest son was killed. In 1972 and 1973, he was again involved in talks that led to the third unity government, in which he took over no ministerial office. However, he presided over the National Political Consultative Council, which drafted the 18-point program that guided the government's policies.
2092:
1532:
1398:
He is celebrated by the leadership of the Lao People's
Democratic Republic and its press organs as a hero and "light figure" of the revolution and the Laotian nation. Especially on his 95th birthday in 2004, officials have increasingly emphasized his role in recent Laotian history and his services to
1289:) in 1955, but was not part of its leadership. However, he became chairman of the Lao Patriotic Front (Neo Lao Hak Sat), which was founded in 1956, and in which trade unions, women's and peasant associations were also represented. During the national unity government under his neutralist half-brother
1269:
basis." He proposed an independent Laos, with
American help, as a neutral buffer against the spread of communism in Asia. It cannot be ruled out that Souphanouvong was actually so clueless, since the close circle of leaders of the Vietnamese and Laotian communists was extremely secretive and kept his
1268:
Souphanouvong, at least initially, was not a committed communist. He joined the Pathet Lao because of personal conflicts with the Lao Issara leadership. In a conversation with a US diplomat in
Bangkok in 1949, he described Laos as a "classless, Buddhist country in which communist theories had no
1208:
Unlike other members of the national liberation movement, Souphanouvong believed that Laos could only liberate itself from French rule in alliance with the Viet Minh and wanted Lao Issara and Việt Minh to unite in an
Indochina-wide struggle against French rule. On 1 November 1945, Souphanouvong
1277:
His pro-Vietnamese orientation was perhaps more decisive. He had spent much of his adult life, studying and working in
Vietnam, and was married to a Vietnamese woman. As a result, he had more interactions with Vietnamese than with Laotians of his generation, and arguably a greater intellectual
1595:
1273:
program strictly secret from outsiders, which probably included
Souphanouvong. Radical goals such as dispossession, class warfare and abolition of the monarchy would not have appealed to the vast majority of the Laotian population with their Buddhist beliefs. However, all of Souphanouvong's
1585:
1605:
1278:
affinity with educated
Vietnamese, whom he perceived as more dynamic, than with Lao elites, whom he described as apolitical and passive. He is thus part of a tradition of many aristocrats in Lao history who sought the support of one of the two large neighbors - either
3607:
3602:
3597:
48:
1485:
3622:
3617:
3612:
1221:. There, like other Lao Issara leaders, he remained in exile for the next three years. In March 1949 he resigned as foreign minister of the government-in-exile after conflicts over the issue of continued cooperation with the Viet Minh.
3592:
2114:Řád Klementa Gottwalda – za budování socialistické vlasti (zřízen vládním nařízením č. 14/1953 Sb. ze dne 3. února 1953, respektive vládním nařízením č. 5/1955 Sb. ze dne 8. února 1955): Seznam nositelů (podle matriky nositelů)
1209:
signed a Mutual
Assistance Agreement between Lao Issara and Viet Minh. During the battle of Thakhek on 21 March 1946, Souphanouvong and his forces were defeated by the French and as a result, he was wounded and fled across the
1324:
in 1962. In the second unity government that followed, Souphanouvong was appointed as Deputy Prime
Minister and Minister of Economy and Planning. After the assassination of leftist Foreign Minister
1380:
He was married to Nguyen Thi Ky Nam, a
Vietnamese woman who was the daughter of a civil servant. The two had ten children. Souphanouvong spoke eight languages, including Greek and Latin. His son,
1462:
1369:
3587:
2609:
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3255:
1608:
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had Souphanouvong and other representatives of the Pathet Lao arrested in July 1959. In May 1960, the group managed to escape to the headquarters of the pro-communist forces at
3557:
2223:
2614:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
1331:
Only in 1967 did he publicly profess Marxism-Leninism. Whether this reflected his authentic ideological convictions or was a calculation of power remained questionable.
1317:
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2415:
2352:
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2021:
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2723:
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2758:
2753:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
1353:
Upon its successful seizure of power in 1975, he became the first President of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, a position he held until 1991. After 1986,
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3542:
2707:
2363:
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122:
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2514:
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3250:
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1771:
270:
2587:
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3389:
1044:
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1761:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2571:
2183:
1286:
764:
1189:, who greatly impressed him. As a result, Souphanouvong joined the Indochinese communist movement and became one of the leaders of the
3562:
3552:
3362:
2810:
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2800:
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2209:
2113:
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1862:
776:
2314:
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1912:
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1347:
1185:
to seek their support for Lao independence and against the French colonial rule. In Hanoi, he also met with the leader of Viet Minh
537:
508:
2893:
1253:. On 13 August 1950, he was elected President of the Congress of the Lao Freedom Front, which met at the Viet Minh headquarters in
2769:
3188:
3148:
1451:
2319:
1494:
1316:. Souphanouvong continued to advocate for Pathet Lao-neutralist cooperation and contributed to the negotiations that led to the
3382:
3143:
1588:
1399:
the revolution, independence and national interests as well as the preservation of peace. He was buried in a stupa next to the
3193:
2216:
1598:
3423:
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2938:
2933:
2928:
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2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
1551:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3173:
1249:
challenge to French rule. It emerged from the radical wing of the Lao Issara in 1950 after the split and was supported by
2010:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
1261:. As a result, became famous under the name "The Red Prince". However, the movement was led by the communist politician
1198:
1151:
1115:
892:
3572:
1696:
713:
2201:
3073:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
1855:
The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans: Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam
1293:, he was Minister for Planning, Reconstruction and Urban Development from 1957 to 1958. In May 1958, he was elected
3298:
3293:
3288:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
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2963:
1395:, due to a heart disease. Following his death, the Laotian government decreed five days of mourning in his honor.
2232:
1535:
1298:
3013:
1879:
1488:
3547:
3415:
2953:
1841:
1525:
1498:
1107:
1096:
870:
849:
1328:
on 1 April 1963, Souphanouvong left the government and retreated again to the Pathet Lao base in Sam Neua.
3168:
3163:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2295:
1703:, for the most part, would've been considered French subjects. However, Souphanouvong was a member of the
1076:
709:
3178:
1381:
1274:
statements was treated with caution, since according to two American contacts, he was a "perfect liar".
1238:
3537:
3532:
3345:
2283:
1634:
1294:
448:
386:
1432:
1100:
3503:
1707:
1594:
1562:
1436:
1167:
169:
1630:
1520:
1458:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
2833:
2271:
2265:
2162:
1965:
1927:
1781:
1358:
1262:
1174:
1164:
145:
90:
1584:
3472:
3451:
3437:
3158:
2193:
2150:
2145:
2131:
2064:
1957:
1908:
1858:
1815:
1767:
1354:
1335:
1313:
1056:
992:
986:
355:
294:
251:
219:
114:
67:
1403:
and in 2012, his remains were moved to the newly constructed national cemetery in Vientiane.
1357:
acted in his stead as president, though Souphanouvong still retained the presidential title.
1949:
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1700:
1385:
1305:
1270:
1127:
1040:
823:
810:
501:
441:
28:
1677:
were arrested on charges of treason, however Souphanouvong's allegedly escaped the charges.
3411:
2277:
2016:
1793:
1711:
1325:
1290:
1135:
1092:
1068:
1052:
1032:
854:
844:
701:
419:
367:
306:
231:
198:
1334:
Souphanouvong tried again to create an alliance of Pathet Lao and neutralists to end the
1604:
3459:
1513:
1400:
980:
344:
1197:, then as foreign minister of the Lao Issara government and commander-in-chief of the
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3432:
2289:
1728:
1258:
1250:
1088:
1072:
751:
705:
407:
1304:
However, the unity government collapsed and the new government under Prime Minister
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2137:
1577:
1210:
1178:
1023:
1012:
1984:
1484:
1254:
1186:
1160:
47:
1670:
1242:
1190:
967:
957:
884:
633:
583:
23:
1961:
3608:
Members of the 4th Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
3603:
Members of the 3rd Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
3598:
Members of the 2nd Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
1558:
1392:
1246:
1193:
national liberation movement. He first served as its provincial chairman in
1182:
1156:
1131:
1080:
828:
729:
953:
3374:
1309:
1279:
1218:
1123:
1036:
746:
1969:
1941:
1134:, where he was responsible for the construction of bridges and roads in
1623:
1214:
1194:
1048:
1321:
1084:
3623:
Members of the 4th Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
3618:
Members of the 3rd Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
3613:
Members of the 2nd Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
1953:
1285:
Souphanouvong joined the Lao People's Party (which later became the
123:
President of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly
1715:
1531:
1301:
with the highest number of votes among all candidates nationwide.
1228:
1150:
1119:
1111:
874:
1812:
The Universe Unraveling: American Foreign Policy in Cold War Laos
1237:
In August 1950, Souphanouvong convened the first congress of the
3447:
1477:
1425:
1099:, whose mothers were of royal birth, his mother was a commoner,
733:
3378:
2205:
1930:. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. Columbia University Press
1350:
from 1958 to 1959 following the success in the 1958 elections.
3593:
Members of the 1st Central Committee of the Lao People's Party
3458:
3422:
2036:"Souphanouvong Is Dead at 82; Laos Prince Helped Fight U.S."
2061:
Geschichte, Nationsbildung und Legitimationspolitik in Laos
387:
Minister of Planning, Reconstruction, and Rural Development
1880:"RAND in Southeast Asia: A History of the Vietnam War Era"
2234:
National Assembly of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
1660:
Additionally called “Chairman of the National Assembly”.
1138:
and Laos. He worked as a civil engineer until 1945.
3446:
3410:
3336:
3274:
3216:
3207:
3132:
3072:
3012:
2952:
2892:
2832:
2823:
2767:
2705:
2658:
2596:
2569:
2512:
2460:
2413:
2361:
2339:
2332:
2248:
2241:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
973:
963:
948:
943:
933:
921:
901:
883:
863:
837:
816:
806:
782:
770:
760:
739:
719:
695:
690:
672:
660:
650:
632:
622:
610:
600:
582:
554:
535:
525:
507:
495:
483:
473:
465:
447:
435:
425:
413:
403:
385:
373:
361:
351:
322:
312:
300:
290:
269:
257:
245:
237:
225:
215:
197:
163:
151:
139:
121:
108:
96:
84:
65:
21:
2009:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1265:and Souphanouvong was more of a figurehead in it.
1047:" who represented respectively the communist (pro-
1342:President of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
1318:International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos
1051:), neutralist and royalist political factions in
3588:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
1985:"Refworld | Attacks on the Press in 2000 - Laos"
1983:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
1609:Medal "For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms"
1361:succeeded him as president in 1991. He was the
1282:or Vietnam - in order to gain or retain power.
1241:(Neo Lao Issara), more generally known as the
449:Minister of Construction and Rural Development
3390:
2217:
2085:"Picture of Souphanouvong wearing his awards"
1903:Heenan, Patrick; Lamontagne, Monique (2001).
8:
3583:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
3558:Presidents of the National Assembly of Laos
3149:President of the State Inspection Authority
1686:Political movement and Government-in-Exile.
1199:Army for the Liberation and Defense of Laos
1126:. After graduating in 1937, he returned to
135:2 December 1975 – 25 November 1986
3397:
3383:
3375:
3213:
2829:
2336:
2245:
2224:
2210:
2202:
2120:
1363:President of the Supreme People's Assembly
1114:and then studied civil engineering at the
634:Minister of Defence and Telecommunications
568:
177:
80:2 December 1975 – 29 October 1986
46:
18:
3144:President of the State Audit Organisation
1368:In 1991, he became an Adviser of Party's
1130:and worked at the public works bureau in
1031:, was along with his half-brother Prince
1805:
1803:
1391:Souphanouvong died on 9 January 1995 in
646:12 October 1945 – 15 April 1946
584:Minister of Defence and Military Affairs
399:18 November 1957 – 23 July 1958
3189:President of the People's Supreme Court
1743:
1653:
926:
509:President of the Laos National Assembly
285:Serving with Leuam Insixiengmay
3578:Recipients of the Order of Ho Chi Minh
1789:
1779:
1384:, escaped the country and applied for
1245:, which served as the vehicle for the
1116:École nationale des ponts et chaussées
893:École nationale des ponts et chaussées
1203:Armée de libération et de défense lao
1022:
461:21 March 1956 – 23 July 1957
7:
1059:from December 1975 to October 1986.
596:15 April 1946 – August 1946
341:23 March 1962 – 22 May 1963
3194:Supreme People's Prosecutor of Laos
2184:Lao Front for National Construction
2008:Leifer, Michael (23 October 2011).
1341:
1079:. He was one of the sons of Prince
777:Lao Front for National Development
211:23 March 1962 – June 1974
14:
2011:"Obituaries:Prince Souphanouvong"
283:6 March 1967 – June 1974
3543:École des Ponts ParisTech alumni
3448:Lao People's Democratic Republic
3358:
3357:
2024:from the original on 2022-05-24.
1629:
1616:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1530:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1287:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
1011:(13 July 1909 – 9 January 1995;
952:
765:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
199:Minister of Economy and Planning
3568:People of the Laotian Civil War
2343:Constitution Drafting Committee
2063:. Lit Verlag. p. 167-179.
1589:Order of the October Revolution
795:
1599:Order of Friendship of Peoples
16:Laotian politician (1909–1995)
1:
3174:Deputy Prime Minister of Laos
2662:National Defence and Security
1763:Historical Dictionary of Laos
1463:Order of the Balkan Mountains
1452:People's Republic of Bulgaria
521:May 1958 – July 1959
53:
1857:. Indiana University Press.
1814:. Cornell University Press.
1346:He was elected President of
1091:. Unlike his half-brothers,
2709:Planning, Finance and Audit
2365:Cultural and Social Affairs
1905:The Southeast Asia Handbook
1760:Stuart-Fox, Martin (2008).
1552:Mongolian People's Republic
550:May 1958 – Unknown
271:Vice Prime Minister of Laos
3644:
3514:* acting for Souphanouvong
3075:Supreme People's Procuracy
3015:State Inspection Authority
1853:Dooman, Arthur J. (2002).
1155:Souphanouvong (left) with
1122:, and worked at a port in
1067:Souphanouvong was born in
3563:People of the Vietnam War
3553:People from Luang Prabang
3511:
3354:
2417:Economics and Environment
2305:
2190:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2143:
2128:
2123:
1536:Order of Klement Gottwald
1299:National Assembly of Laos
1016:
1001:
686:
639:
589:
578:
571:
567:
543:
514:
454:
392:
334:
276:
204:
193:
189:
180:
176:
128:
73:
61:
45:
36:
3628:Laotian military leaders
2955:State Audit Organisation
2170:Party political offices
2153:acting from 1986 to 1991
1940:Lintner, Bertil (2001).
1388:in New Zealand in 2000.
678:Thongdee Sounthonevichit
37:
1946:Southeast Asian Affairs
1942:"LAOS: Signs of Unrest"
1526:Order of the White Lion
1376:Later and personal life
1097:Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
1024:[ˌsupʰaːˈnuʋoŋ]
850:Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
183:Kingdom of Laos Cabinet
3464:
3428:
3405:Heads of state of Laos
3169:Prime Minister of Laos
3164:Vice President of Laos
2895:People's Supreme Court
2296:Saysomphone Phomvihane
2059:Tappe, Oliver (2008).
1320:, which was signed in
1234:
1170:
1147:Anti-colonial movement
3462:
3426:
2041:. Reuters. 1995-01-11
1928:Souphanouvong, Prince
1810:Jacobs, Seth (2012).
1382:Khamsay Souphanouvong
1297:for Vientiane in the
1233:Souphanouvong in 1974
1232:
1154:
573:Lao Issara Government
343:Serving with
3346:Constitution of Laos
2284:Thongsing Thammavong
1878:Elliot, Mai (2010).
1635:Order of Ho Chi Minh
1499:Order of Playa Girón
1225:Leader of Pathet Lao
1175:Japanese surrendered
1163:(center) and former
1142:Political activities
1108:Lycée Albert Sarraut
871:Lycée Albert Sarraut
667:Position established
617:Position established
490:Position established
158:Position established
103:Position established
3504:Thongloun Sisoulith
2095:on December 9, 2022
1697:French Protectorate
1563:Order of Sukhbaatar
1524:First Class of the
1489:Order of José Martí
1437:National Gold Medal
1365:from 1975 to 1988.
1181:, he contacted the
241:Khamfeuane Tounalom
170:Sisomphone Lovansay
3573:Presidents of Laos
3499:Bounnhang Vorachit
3494:Choummaly Sayasone
3489:Khamtai Siphandone
3484:Nouhak Phoumsavanh
3479:Kaysone Phomvihane
3465:
3429:
3324:9th (2021–present)
3266:9th (2021–present)
3218:Standing Committee
3124:9th (2021–present)
3064:9th (2021–present)
3004:9th (2021–present)
2944:9th (2021–present)
2884:9th (2021–present)
2811:9th (2021–present)
2759:9th (2021–present)
2754:9th (2021–present)
2697:9th (2021–present)
2650:9th (2021–present)
2588:9th (2021–present)
2561:9th (2021–present)
2504:9th (2021–present)
2452:9th (2021–present)
2405:9th (2021–present)
2310:Standing Committee
2272:Nouhak Phoumsavanh
2266:Sisomphon Lovansay
2163:Kaysone Phomvihane
2124:Political offices
2039:The New York Times
1885:. RAND Corporation
1407:Honours and awards
1359:Kaysone Phomvihane
1263:Kaysone Phomvihane
1235:
1171:
1165:emperor of Vietnam
1020:Lao pronunciation:
991: •
985: •
824:Princess Khamouane
431:Leuam Insixiengmay
380:Position abolished
329:Position abolished
264:Position abolished
146:Kaysone Phomvihane
91:Kaysone Phomvihane
3520:
3519:
3473:Phoumi Vongvichit
3438:Sisavang Vatthana
3372:
3371:
3332:
3331:
3203:
3202:
3159:President of Laos
2819:
2818:
2328:
2327:
2200:
2199:
2194:Phoumi Vongvichit
2191:Succeeded by
2182:President of the
2160:Succeeded by
2154:
2151:Phoumi Vongvichit
2146:President of Laos
2132:Sisavang Vatthana
1773:978-0-8108-5624-0
1714:, and studied in
1675:National Assembly
1413:
1370:Central Committee
1355:Phoumi Vongvichit
1348:National Assembly
1336:Laotian Civil War
1314:Houaphan province
1239:Lao Freedom Front
1069:Palace Sisouvanna
1057:President of Laos
1027:), nicknamed the
1005:
1004:
993:Laotian Civil War
987:August Revolution
788:Nguyen Thi Ky Nam
702:Palace Sisouvanna
682:
681:
563:
562:
538:National Assembly
356:Sisavang Vatthana
295:Sisavang Vatthana
220:Sisavang Vatthana
115:Phoumi Vongvichit
68:President of Laos
3635:
3515:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3376:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3339:
3277:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3135:
3076:
3016:
2956:
2896:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2774:
2772:
2712:
2710:
2665:
2663:
2603:
2601:
2576:
2574:
2519:
2517:
2467:
2465:
2420:
2418:
2368:
2366:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2252:
2246:
2235:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2203:
2175:Preceded by
2149:
2129:Preceded by
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2091:. Archived from
2081:
2075:
2074:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1850:
1844:
1839:
1826:
1825:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1757:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1710:, was fluent in
1699:, the people of
1695:Born during the
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1633:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1561:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1534:
1523:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1497:
1487:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1435:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1386:political asylum
1306:Phoui Sananikone
1271:Marxist-Leninist
1128:French Indochina
1106:He attended the
1026:
1021:
1018:
956:
944:Military service
829:Prince Bounkhong
811:Lao Royal Family
799:
797:
726:
691:Personal details
675:
663:
653:
644:
625:
613:
603:
594:
569:
557:
548:
531:Pheng Phongsavan
528:
519:
502:Phoui Sananikone
498:
486:
476:
459:
442:Phoui Sananikone
438:
428:
416:
397:
376:
364:
339:
325:
318:Ngone Sananikone
315:
303:
281:
260:
252:Ngone Sananikone
248:
228:
209:
184:
178:
166:
154:
142:
133:
111:
99:
87:
78:
55:
50:
40:
19:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3548:Laotian royalty
3523:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3450:
3442:
3427:Kingdom of Laos
3414:
3412:Kingdom of Laos
3406:
3403:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3350:
3337:
3328:
3319:8th (2016–2021)
3275:
3270:
3261:8th (2016–2021)
3217:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3183:
3153:
3133:
3128:
3119:8th (2016–2021)
3074:
3068:
3059:8th (2016–2021)
3014:
3008:
2999:8th (2016–2021)
2954:
2948:
2939:8th (2016–2021)
2894:
2888:
2879:8th (2016–2021)
2834:
2824:
2815:
2806:8th (2016–2021)
2770:
2768:
2763:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2692:8th (2016–2021)
2661:
2659:
2654:
2645:8th (2016–2021)
2599:
2597:
2592:
2583:8th (2016–2021)
2572:
2570:
2565:
2556:8th (2016–2021)
2516:Foreign Affairs
2515:
2513:
2508:
2499:8th (2016–2021)
2463:
2461:
2456:
2447:8th (2016–2021)
2416:
2414:
2409:
2400:8th (2016–2021)
2364:
2362:
2357:
2353:1st (1975–1989)
2342:
2340:
2324:
2301:
2278:Samane Vignaket
2250:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2165:
2156:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2017:The Independent
2007:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1954:10.1355/SEAA01L
1939:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1829:
1822:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1788:
1778:
1774:
1759:
1758:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1673:members of the
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1617:
1615:
1571:
1569:
1545:
1543:
1507:
1505:
1471:
1469:
1445:
1443:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1378:
1344:
1326:Quinim Pholsena
1291:Souvanna Phouma
1227:
1149:
1144:
1136:central Vietnam
1093:Souvanna Phouma
1065:
1033:Souvanna Phouma
1019:
997:
917:
897:
879:
859:
855:Souvanna Phouma
845:Souvanna Phomma
833:
801:
798: 1938)
793:
789:
772:
771:Other political
761:Political party
756:
728:
724:
700:
673:
661:
651:
645:
640:
623:
611:
601:
595:
590:
574:
555:
549:
544:
526:
520:
515:
496:
484:
479:Souvanna Phouma
474:
460:
455:
436:
426:
420:Souvanna Phouma
414:
398:
393:
374:
368:Souvanna Phouma
362:
347:
340:
335:
323:
313:
307:Souvanna Phouma
301:
286:
282:
277:
258:
246:
232:Souvanna Phouma
226:
210:
205:
185:
182:
164:
152:
140:
134:
129:
109:
97:
85:
79:
74:
57:
41:
38:
32:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3641:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3457:
3455:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3421:
3419:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2827:
2825:Elected bodies
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:Ethnic Affairs
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2315:Vice President
2312:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2298:(2021–present)
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2142:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2076:
2070:978-3825816100
2069:
2051:
2027:
2000:
1975:
1932:
1920:
1913:
1895:
1870:
1864:978-0253338549
1863:
1845:
1827:
1820:
1799:
1790:|website=
1772:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1720:
1688:
1679:
1662:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1528:
1514:Czechoslovakia
1503:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1408:
1405:
1401:Pha That Luang
1377:
1374:
1343:
1340:
1226:
1223:
1177:at the end of
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1101:Mom Kham Ouane
1064:
1061:
1043:, one of the "
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
995:
989:
983:
981:Indochina Wars
977:
975:
971:
970:
965:
961:
960:
950:
946:
945:
941:
940:
935:
931:
930:
923:
919:
918:
916:
915:
912:
909:
905:
903:
899:
898:
896:
895:
889:
887:
881:
880:
878:
877:
867:
865:
861:
860:
858:
857:
852:
847:
841:
839:
835:
834:
832:
831:
826:
820:
818:
814:
813:
808:
804:
803:
791:
787:
786:
784:
780:
779:
774:
768:
767:
762:
758:
757:
755:
754:
749:
743:
741:
737:
736:
727:(aged 85)
723:9 January 1995
721:
717:
716:
697:
693:
692:
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
670:
669:
664:
658:
657:
654:
652:Prime Minister
648:
647:
637:
636:
630:
629:
628:Tiao Kindavong
626:
620:
619:
614:
608:
607:
604:
602:Prime Minister
598:
597:
587:
586:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
565:
564:
561:
560:
558:
552:
551:
541:
540:
536:Member of the
533:
532:
529:
523:
522:
512:
511:
505:
504:
499:
493:
492:
487:
481:
480:
477:
475:Prime Minister
471:
470:
467:
463:
462:
452:
451:
445:
444:
439:
433:
432:
429:
423:
422:
417:
415:Prime Minister
411:
410:
405:
401:
400:
390:
389:
383:
382:
377:
371:
370:
365:
363:Prime Minister
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:
345:Phoumi Nosavan
342:
332:
331:
326:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
304:
302:Prime Minister
298:
297:
292:
288:
287:
284:
274:
273:
267:
266:
261:
255:
254:
249:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
229:
227:Prime Minister
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
202:
201:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
174:
173:
167:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
143:
141:Prime Minister
137:
136:
126:
125:
119:
118:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
86:Prime Minister
82:
81:
71:
70:
63:
62:
59:
58:
52:Souphanouvong
51:
43:
42:
34:
33:
27:
24:His Excellency
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3640:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Souphanouvong
3466:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Sisavang Vong
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3314:7th (2011–16)
3312:
3310:
3309:6th (2006–11)
3307:
3305:
3304:5th (2002–06)
3302:
3300:
3299:4th (1997–02)
3297:
3295:
3294:3rd (1992–97)
3292:
3290:
3289:2nd (1989–92)
3287:
3285:
3284:1st (1975–89)
3282:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:7th (2011–16)
3254:
3252:
3251:6th (2006–11)
3249:
3247:
3246:5th (2002–06)
3244:
3242:
3241:4th (1997–02)
3239:
3237:
3236:3rd (1992–97)
3234:
3232:
3231:2nd (1989–92)
3229:
3227:
3226:1st (1975–89)
3224:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:7th (2011–16)
3112:
3110:
3109:6th (2006–11)
3107:
3105:
3104:5th (2002–06)
3102:
3100:
3099:4th (1997–02)
3097:
3095:
3094:3rd (1992–97)
3092:
3090:
3089:2nd (1989–92)
3087:
3085:
3084:1st (1975–89)
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:7th (2011–16)
3052:
3050:
3049:6th (2006–11)
3047:
3045:
3044:5th (2002–06)
3042:
3040:
3039:4th (1997–02)
3037:
3035:
3034:3rd (1992–97)
3032:
3030:
3029:2nd (1989–92)
3027:
3025:
3024:1st (1975–89)
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:7th (2011–16)
2992:
2990:
2989:6th (2006–11)
2987:
2985:
2984:5th (2002–06)
2982:
2980:
2979:4th (1997–02)
2977:
2975:
2974:3rd (1992–97)
2972:
2970:
2969:2nd (1989–92)
2967:
2965:
2964:1st (1975–89)
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:7th (2011–16)
2932:
2930:
2929:6th (2006–11)
2927:
2925:
2924:5th (2002–06)
2922:
2920:
2919:4th (1997–02)
2917:
2915:
2914:3rd (1992–97)
2912:
2910:
2909:2nd (1989–92)
2907:
2905:
2904:1st (1975–89)
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:7th (2011–16)
2872:
2870:
2869:6th (2006–11)
2867:
2865:
2864:5th (2002–06)
2862:
2860:
2859:4th (1997–02)
2857:
2855:
2854:3rd (1992–97)
2852:
2850:
2849:2nd (1989–92)
2847:
2845:
2844:1st (1975–89)
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:7th (2011–16)
2799:
2797:
2796:6th (2006–11)
2794:
2792:
2791:5th (2002–06)
2789:
2787:
2786:4th (1997–02)
2784:
2782:
2781:3rd (1992–97)
2779:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:7th (2011–16)
2747:
2745:
2744:6th (2006–11)
2742:
2740:
2739:5th (2002–06)
2737:
2735:
2734:4th (1997–02)
2732:
2730:
2729:3rd (1992–97)
2727:
2725:
2724:2nd (1989–92)
2722:
2720:
2719:1st (1975–89)
2717:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:7th (2011–16)
2685:
2683:
2682:6th (2006–11)
2680:
2678:
2677:5th (2002–06)
2675:
2673:
2672:4th (1997–02)
2670:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:7th (2011–16)
2638:
2636:
2635:6th (2006–11)
2633:
2631:
2630:5th (2002–06)
2628:
2626:
2625:4th (1997–02)
2623:
2621:
2620:3rd (1992–97)
2618:
2616:
2615:2nd (1989–92)
2613:
2611:
2610:1st (1975–89)
2608:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:7th (2011–16)
2549:
2547:
2546:6th (2006–11)
2544:
2542:
2541:5th (2002–06)
2539:
2537:
2536:4th (1997–02)
2534:
2532:
2531:3rd (1992–97)
2529:
2527:
2526:2nd (1989–92)
2524:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:7th (2011–16)
2492:
2490:
2489:6th (2006–11)
2487:
2485:
2484:5th (2002–06)
2482:
2480:
2479:4th (1997–02)
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2475:
2474:3rd (1992–97)
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2469:
2466:
2459:
2453:
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2443:
2442:7th (2011–16)
2440:
2438:
2437:6th (2006–11)
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2433:
2432:5th (2002–06)
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2428:
2427:1st (1975–89)
2425:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:7th (2011–16)
2393:
2391:
2390:6th (2006–11)
2388:
2386:
2385:5th (2002–06)
2383:
2381:
2380:4th (1997–02)
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2376:
2375:3rd (1992–97)
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2290:Pany Yathotou
2288:
2285:
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2279:
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2273:
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2264:
2261:
2260:Souphanouvong
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2257:
2255:
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2247:
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2240:
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1990:
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1933:
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1914:9780203059241
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1907:. Routledge.
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1089:Luang Prabang
1086:
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1077:Luang-Prabang
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1070:
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1058:
1055:. He was the
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:Three Princes
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911:Revolutionary
910:
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710:Luang-Prabang
707:
703:
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656:Khammao Vilay
655:
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491:
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469:Sisavang Vong
468:
464:
458:
453:
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446:
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412:
409:
408:Sisavang Vong
406:
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95:
92:
89:
83:
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72:
69:
64:
60:
49:
44:
35:
31:Souphanouvong
30:
25:
20:
3467:
3356:
3157:Government:
2259:
2181:
2144:
2138:King of Laos
2135:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:the original
2088:
2079:
2060:
2054:
2043:. Retrieved
2038:
2030:
2015:
2003:
1992:. Retrieved
1988:
1978:
1945:
1935:
1923:
1904:
1898:
1887:. Retrieved
1873:
1854:
1848:
1811:
1762:
1738:
1737:
1723:
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1647:
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1578:Soviet Union
1410:
1397:
1390:
1379:
1367:
1352:
1345:
1333:
1330:
1303:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1236:
1211:Mekong River
1207:
1202:
1179:World War II
1172:
1105:
1066:
1028:
1008:
1006:
974:Battles/wars
937:
925:
773:affiliations
725:(1995-01-09)
699:13 July 1909
674:Succeeded by
666:
641:
624:Succeeded by
616:
591:
556:Succeeded by
545:
527:Succeeded by
516:
497:Succeeded by
489:
456:
437:Succeeded by
394:
379:
375:Succeeded by
336:
328:
324:Succeeded by
278:
263:
259:Succeeded by
206:
165:Succeeded by
157:
130:
110:Succeeded by
102:
75:
3538:1995 deaths
3533:1909 births
3418:(1945–1975)
3187:Judiciary:
2771:Secretariat
2292:(2010–2021)
1948:: 177–186.
1708:aristocracy
1255:Tuyen Quang
1187:Ho Chi Minh
1161:Ho Chi Minh
1083:, the last
1035:and Prince
802:(1921-2006)
740:Citizenship
714:French Laos
662:Preceded by
612:Preceded by
485:Preceded by
427:Preceded by
314:Preceded by
247:Preceded by
153:Preceded by
98:Preceded by
3527:Categories
3452:Presidents
2835:Government
2333:Committees
2188:1979–1986
2157:1975–1991
2045:2022-12-09
1994:2021-11-04
1889:2022-12-03
1727:Coalition
1671:Pathet Lao
1643:References
1243:Pathet Lao
1191:Lao Issara
1173:After the
1073:Xieng Dong
1063:Early life
1029:Red Prince
968:Lao Issara
958:Pathet Lao
949:Allegiance
938:Red Prince
908:Politician
902:Occupation
885:Alma mater
706:Xieng Dong
3179:Ministers
3142:Control:
2320:Secretary
2286:(2005–10)
2280:(1992–05)
2274:(1989–92)
2268:(1986–89)
2262:(1975–86)
2251:President
1962:0377-5437
1792:ignored (
1782:cite book
1739:Citations
1701:Indochina
1393:Vientiane
1247:communist
1183:Viet Minh
1157:Viet Minh
1132:Nha Trang
1081:Bounkhong
1041:Champasak
1017:ສຸພານຸວົງ
914:Statesman
864:Education
838:Relatives
807:Relations
730:Vientiane
642:In office
592:In office
546:In office
517:In office
457:In office
395:In office
337:In office
279:In office
207:In office
131:In office
76:In office
39:ສຸພານຸວົງ
3364:Category
3276:Assembly
2089:Facebook
2022:Archived
1989:Refworld
1970:27912275
1842:Speakers
1310:Sam Neua
1280:Thailand
1219:Thailand
1124:Le Havre
1037:Boun Oum
964:Commands
934:Nickname
927:See list
172:(Acting)
117:(Acting)
3454:(1975–)
3338:Related
2573:Justice
2242:Leaders
2099:June 8,
1705:Laotian
1624:Vietnam
1412:Source:
1215:Bangkok
1195:Thakhek
1168:Bảo Đại
1159:leader
1085:viceroy
1049:Vietnam
1007:Prince
817:Parents
800:
792:
747:Laotian
466:Monarch
404:Monarch
352:Monarch
291:Monarch
216:Monarch
2067:
1968:
1960:
1911:
1861:
1818:
1770:
1712:french
1621:
1575:
1549:
1538:(1989)
1511:
1475:
1449:
1423:
1322:Geneva
922:Awards
783:Spouse
752:French
238:Deputy
29:Prince
3416:Kings
3209:Terms
3134:Posts
1966:JSTOR
1883:(PDF)
1716:Paris
1648:Notes
1120:Paris
1112:Hanoi
875:Hanoi
794:(
790:
3463:Laos
2177:None
2101:2023
2065:ISBN
1958:ISSN
1909:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1794:help
1768:ISBN
1669:All
1478:Cuba
1426:Laos
1095:and
1053:Laos
734:Laos
720:Died
696:Born
66:1st
56:1978
2600:Law
2136:as
1950:doi
1312:in
1213:to
1205:).
1118:in
1110:in
1087:of
1039:of
1013:Lao
3529::
2087:.
2020:.
2014:.
1987:.
1964:.
1956:.
1944:.
1830:^
1802:^
1786::
1784:}}
1780:{{
1766:.
1746:^
1626::
1580::
1554::
1516::
1480::
1454::
1428::
1372:.
1295:MP
1257:,
1217:,
1103:.
1075:,
1071:,
1015::
873:,
796:m.
732:,
712:,
708:,
704:,
54:c.
3475:*
3398:e
3391:t
3384:v
2225:e
2218:t
2211:v
2103:.
2073:.
2048:.
1997:.
1972:.
1952::
1917:.
1892:.
1867:.
1824:.
1796:)
1776:.
1731:.
1718:.
1201:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
