885:
278:
1097:
1367:
352:
1268:
1385:) to serve for a term that is usually 8 years. Elections for the Legislative Council are staggered so that 11 seats are up for re-election every 4 years, at the same time as House of Assembly elections. Legislative Councillors may serve shorter or longer terms than the usual 8 years in the event of an early dissolution of the House of Assembly. If half the chamber has served at least 6 years at the time of a dissolution, then they go up for election, but if all Legislative Councillors have served less than 6 years, only the House of Assembly faces the people.
1359:
865:
1019:(LCL) government, and in place for 32 years from 1936 to 1968. The already entrenched rural overweighting was increased to a 2:1 ratio, the number of MPs was reduced to 39 and the multi-member seats were abandoned for single-member seats. The House of Assembly now consisted of 26 low-population rural seats, which due to population shifts, were holding up to a 10-to-1 advantage over the 13 high-population metropolitan seats, even though rural seats contained only a third of South Australia's population. At the peak of the malapportionment in
4751:
49:
4392:
1499:
4649:
768:
901:, where the members of the executive branch must sit in parliament and, by convention, can only remain in office while they hold the confidence of a majority of the members of the House of Assembly. It was the first Constitution in the Australian colonies to provide "manhood" suffrage. The adoption of the "one man, one vote" principle also removed the ability of voters to vote in any electorate in which they owned property. The Act also defined the rules of tenure for the parliamentarians.
3221:
4211:
4793:
1228:− instructions for above the line votes are to mark '1' and then further preferences are optional as opposed to preference flows from simply '1' above the line being determined by group voting tickets, while instructions for voters who instead opt to vote below the line are to provide at least 12 preferences as opposed to having to number all candidates, and with a savings provision to admit ballot papers which indicate at least 6 below the line preferences.
1425:. As the upper house consists of 22 members, with 11 elected statewide at each general election for an 8-year term at a quota of 8.33%, this would result in an election for all 22 members at a quota of 4.35%. In the event of a double dissolution election, the 11 Legislative Councillors that would not have won their seats under an ordinary election go up for re-election at the first general election after only serving 3 years, rather than the usual 6 years.
4700:
63:
4547:
4443:
587:
830:, after financial mismanagement by the first administration had nearly bankrupted the colony. This new Legislative Council was the first true parliamentary body in South Australia. The Act also made provision for a commission to initiate the establishment of democratic government, electoral districts, requirements for voting rights, and terms of office. Although the old governing Council advising the Governor met at
954:
4494:
1260:
4598:
861:, had been advised that this was not the case but he kept this information to himself. The colonists were furious and 5,000 petitioned Westminster to give them two elected houses. The offending constitution was returned and in 1855, a new Legislative Council was elected with a mandate to establish something far more radical and democratic than had been seen in the British Empire before.
996:
1405:. As Legislative Councillors have been elected using proportional representation since the mid-1970s, the chamber features a multitude of parties vying for power. A government or opposition majority in the upper house has been unachievable since the introduction of this system, with the balance of power being held by a number of minor parties and independents.
1507:
1340:
motion of confidence in the government, or if a bill that has been designated by the House as a "bill of special importance" is passed by the House of
Assembly but is rejected by the Legislative Council. The House of Assembly can also be dissolved early together with the full Legislative Council in what is knows as a
1485:
voters will, at each state election, elect a "Local Voice" with gender parity. These local voices then elect one male and one female member each to be their joint presiding officers and sit on the "State First
Nations Voice". The State Voice then in turn elects its own male and female joint presiding
1388:
In the event of a casual vacancy, members of the
Legislative Council are filled by an assembly of the members of both houses of parliament. If the member whose seat has become vacant was elected as a member of a political party, the assembly must, if possible, replace them with a nominated member of
849:
members chosen from single-member districts. The right to vote for these positions was not universal, however, being limited to propertied men. In addition, the reforms meant that the
Governor no longer oversaw proceedings, with the role being filled by a Speaker who had been elected by the members.
1431:
Although the practice has mostly fallen out of favour in other parliaments that use a bicameral
Westminster system, the South Australian parliament still regularly appoints a "Conference of Managers" from each House to negotiate compromises on disputed bills in private. The Conference Managers then
1339:
The term for the House of
Assembly is a fixed 4-year term but the state Constitution does allow the Governor to dissolve the House early and call for a fresh general election under certain circumstances. These are: If the House passes a motion of no confidence in the government, the House defeats a
1223:
similar to that used in the Senate at the time. This enabled voters to choose between voting 'above the line' (for a single party preference ticket that ranked all candidates on the ballot paper in the party's preferred order) or 'below the line' and number all candidates in order of preference, on
1172:
In 1918, the right to vote for members of the upper house was extended to all those who had served in armed forced in the First World War. This was subsequently extended to Second World War veterans in 1940 and in 1969, it was simplified to apply to all
Australian war veterans regardless of the war
896:
parliament with full authority to enact laws, apart from a few Acts requiring the monarch's personal Royal Assent. The 18-member
Legislative Council was elected by property owners only, while the 36-member House of Assembly was elected by a full male franchise. The Act also provided for a system of
1104:
The
Legislative Council's numbers and electoral makeup have also varied over time. From the inception of responsible government to 1882, it had 18 members elected by a single colony-wide district, with the scheme originally set up so that 6 members would be elected every 4 years to serve a 12 year
856:
that provided for a new constitution that established a bicameral parliament with an elected lower house and an upper house made up of members nominated for life. The colonists were mistakenly under the impression that only such a scheme would be acceptable to the
British Government. The Governor,
1400:
which has been passed by the House of Assembly. This can cause tensions between the government and the Legislative Council, which may be viewed by the former as obstructionist if it rejects key legislation, as can happen at times when the electoral makeup of the two Houses are different. Another
1392:
The Legislative Council has almost equal powers to the House of Assembly. The only difference is that the upper house does not have the ability to initiate or amend bills that appropriate money or levy taxes. The Council may still request amendments to these bills and retains the right to reject
1165:
In 1907, the right to vote was extended to any person occupying a dwelling house, or "dwelling house and premises appurtenant thereto", with an annual rent of at least 17 pounds per annum (excluding any payment of rent by a wife to her husband); to a registered proprietor of a leasehold on which
825:
was passed in order to replace the South Australian Colonisation Commission appointed in 1834 with a more standard British model of government, with a Governor advised by a Legislative Council. The 1842 Act gave the British Government, which was responsible for appointing a Governor and at least
1161:
in possession, situate within the said Province, the lease thereof having been registered in the General Registry Office, for the registration of deeds, and having three years to run at the time of voting, or containing a clause authorising the lessee to become the purchaser of the land thereby
929:
In 1889, the House of Assembly moved out of the original Parliament House and took up residence in a new building constructed next door. Due to costs, this "New Parliament House" would remain unfinished for 50 years while the Legislative Council continued to be housed in the original Parliament
848:
as the symbolic head of state. In 1851 elections for the Legislative Council were held. The new Council consisted of 24 members, four official (filling what would be today ministerial positions) and four non-official members, both nominated by the governor on behalf of the Crown, and 16 elected
1328:'s population is 1.3 million − uniquely, over 75 percent of the state's population resides in the metropolitan area and has 72 percent of seats (34 of 47) alongside a lack of comparatively-sized rural population centres, therefore the metropolitan area tends to decide election outcomes. At the
1416:
Under section 41 of the South Australian Constitution, if a bill is passed by the House of Assembly during a session of parliament and in the following parliament after a general election for the lower house is rejected by the Legislative Council on both occasions, it is permitted for the
1166:
there were improvements to the value of at least 50 pounds and which were the property of the proprietor. At the same time, the franchise was also extended to ministers of religion, school head teachers, postmasters, railway stationmasters, and the officer in charge of a police station.
1105:
term. In 1882, the single colony-wide district was split into 4 electoral districts which were drawn with a heavy bias in favour of rural areas in place. The new scheme was set up so that half of the Council was being elected each election. Originally these electoral districts were the "
1544:. It was built to replace the adjacent and overcrowded Parliament House, now referred to as "Old Parliament House", which dated from 1843 with extensions in 1857. Due to financial constraints, the current Parliament House was constructed in stages over 65 years from 1874 to 1939.
811:
and the Resident Commissioner, with broad legislative and executive powers including the imposition of rates, duties, and taxes. This council was sometimes referred to as the "Legislative Council". Confusion and dispute about the division of power between the two roles led to the
2440:
Metropolitan 2PP correctly calculated by adding raw metro 2PP vote numbers from the 34 metro seats, both Labor and Liberal, then dividing Labor's raw metro 2PP vote from the total, which revealed a Labor metropolitan 2PP of 51.54%. Obtained raw metro 2PP vote numbers from ECSA
724:
as one of its constituent parts. However, the constitution also vests legislative power in the state's governor acting with the advice and consent of both houses of parliament, making the role of the governor effectively the same as those of the other states.
843:
was a landmark development which granted representative constitutions to New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania and the colonies enthusiastically set about writing constitutions which produced democratically progressive parliaments with the
1240:
Elections were held every 3 years until 1985 (with a brief flirtation with 5 year terms for the House of Assembly in the 1933-1938 parliament), when the parliament switched to 4 year terms, meaning 8 year terms for the upper house. Beginning in
876:(headed "1855–6: No. 2" and followed by the long title "An Act to establish a Constitution for South Australia, and to grant a Civil List to Her Majesty") establishing the constitution of the Parliament of the Province of South Australia.
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
980:," with each district returning between one and six members. The size of the Assembly grew during the colonial period—36 members from 1857 to 1875, 46 members from 1875 to 1884, 52 members from 1884 to 1890, 54 members from 1890 to 1902.
1514:
1121:", with each being represented by 6 members each. From 1902, the Central District continued to be represented by 6 members, while the rural districts were reduced to 4 members each. The North-Eastern District was replaced by the "
2703:
2914:
1511:
4257:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
983:
In response to the Federation of Australia, the House of Assembly was reduced to 42 members from 1902 to 1912 and 40 members from 1912 to 1915. From 1915 to 1938 the size was again increased to 46 members.
4252:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
1551:
recruiting office, offices for government departments and as a "Constitutional Museum." In 1995, the building reverted to use by the parliament and has been used as offices and committee rooms ever since.
2965:
1421:
to either issue a writ for the election of 2 additional members of the Legislative Council or to dissolve both Houses at the same time to elect an entirely new parliament. This procedure is known as a
1176:
In 1969, the franchise was granted to any person who owned or rented property, regardless of the value of the property. Further, the franchise was extended to the wedded spouse of the owner or renter.
926:
that set an annual salary of 200 pounds for members of both Houses who were not ministers. This rate has subsequently continued to evolve with the rate now set by an independent remuneration tribunal.
1157:
estate in possession, either legal or equitable, situate within the said Province, of the clear value of Fifty Pounds sterling money above all charges and encumbrances affecting the same, or having a
1130:
1126:
1114:
973:, with some powers transferred to the federal parliament. Another consequence was a bit of a "brain drain", with many of the parliament's most prominent members moving to the federal sphere.
2907:
1295:
1077:
572:
2321:
2210:
1118:
1110:
1305:
Government is formed in the House of Assembly by the leader of the party or coalition who can demonstrate they have the support of the majority of the House, and is called upon by the
4140:
4107:
1122:
1106:
1169:
A further extension of the franchise came in 1913, when the qualification of an occupier of a dwelling house was altered to include any inhabitant occupier, whether owner or tenant.
396:
322:
247:
203:
4247:
4091:
2900:
1299:
1081:
192:
424:
3540:
2178:
1576:
922:
Until 1887, membership of parliament was an unpaid position as members were expected to be able to support themselves through other means. This changed with the passage of the
4061:
4056:
1835:
An act to amend an act of the fourth and fifth years of His Majesty, empowering His Majesty to erect South Australia into a British province or provinces : 31st July 1838
1413:
In the event that there is a conflict between the two Houses over legislation, the South Australian Constitution lays out a mechanism for how these deadlocks can be resolved.
744:, provides judicial oversight of parliament. The parliament is also vested with other powers, such as the means to investigate matters, conduct research and summon witnesses.
2456:
4343:
4033:
4028:
3895:
969:
with the other British colonies of Australia. One consequence of federation was that the powers of the Parliament of South Australia were limited by the provisions of the
934:
4765:
4756:
4242:
2812:
The Constitutional History of South Australia During Twenty-One Years from the Foundation of the Settlement in 1836 to the Inauguration of Responsible Government in 1857
170:
1510:
1034:
378:
304:
225:
2675:
834:, this new Legislative Council met at a new purpose built chamber on North Terrace. This chamber eventually grew into what is now known as "Old Parliament House".
4310:
1571:
4834:
4133:
4262:
236:
1600:
Unlike most of the other states, the governor of South Australia is directly vested with legislative power, instead of merely acting in the King’s name.
987:
The Legislative Council half of the "New Parliament House" was finally completed in 1939, 50 years after the House of Assembly portion of the building.
1084:, boundaries have been redistributed after each election. Previously they were redistributed after every third election. There are currently 34 in the
4888:
3935:
2275:
1959:
1142:
Although the lower house had universal suffrage from 1895, the upper house, the Legislative Council, remained the domain of property owners until the
693:
government with the executive branch required to both sit in parliament and hold the confidence of the House of Assembly. The parliament is based at
1139:
From 1975, the Council size was increased to 22 members, with half (11) to be elected at each election by the entire state voting as one electorate.
3533:
2593:
4883:
4807:
4723:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
938:
839:
776:
536:
527:
884:
4873:
4714:
4336:
4267:
4126:
2214:
1547:
Following the completion of the New Parliament House in 1939, The Old Parliament House has been used for a variety of functions including as a
1187:, no one party has had control of the state's upper house with the balance of power controlled by a variety of minor parties and independents.
277:
2445:
1096:
4305:
4020:
4009:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
2844:
2083:
1955:
1441:
2558:"Why the Conference Procedure Remains the Preferred Method for Resolving Disputes Between the Two Houses of the South Australian Parliament"
2557:
4798:
4561:
4466:
4300:
4237:
3862:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3549:
3229:
1566:
1353:
1329:
1242:
1184:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1020:
977:
685:). General elections are held every 4 years, with all of the lower house and half of the upper house filled at each election. It follows a
678:
561:
549:
506:
475:
360:
95:
2629:
4457:
4415:
4373:
4368:
4195:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3526:
2185:
1618:
808:
1136:
As for the size of the Council as a whole, from 1882 until 1902 it had 24 members; until 1915, 18 members; and until 1975, 20 members.
4570:
4519:
4232:
2932:
1254:
804:
670:
489:
470:
286:
99:
1856:
1088:
metropolitan area and 13 in rural areas. These seats are intended to represent approximately the same population in each electorate.
4329:
4295:
4290:
4185:
2865:
2787:
2768:
2540:
2351:
2297:
2144:
1816:
1732:
1693:
2453:
1490:. They do not have the ability to vote on legislation. The State Voice can also address state cabinet and government departments.
4285:
4051:
1864:
800:
737:
2647:
904:
Later in 1856, in preparation for responsible government, the old Legislative Council passed an Electoral Act providing for the
4878:
4705:
1658:
1561:
942:
729:
642:
53:
732:. Its power is further limited by the ability for the federal parliament to override it in some circumstances, subject to the
4672:
4509:
1650:
1451:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
1374:
The Legislative Council (or "upper house") is made up of 22 councillors (MLCs) who are elected for the entire state by the
1366:
1344:
in order to resolve deadlocks between the two Houses. The circumstances for such a double dissolution are outlined below.
4663:
4612:
4448:
4149:
1537:
1401:
important function of the upper house is to scrutinise government activity, which it does both in the chamber and through
1317:, is constitutionally banned from being a member of a registered political party outside of a "relevant election period".
1028:
713:
368:
294:
1302:, boundaries have been redistributed after each election. Previously they were redistributed after every third election.
4190:
1634:
1626:
1487:
1382:
1267:
1225:
1207:
variant of the system. In 1973, as part of the reforms to the upper house, the Legislative Council switched to using a
351:
4621:
4170:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
2824:
1642:
1418:
1375:
1310:
1306:
1212:
1180:
1024:
788:
721:
152:
111:
1358:
4180:
4175:
1886:
1581:
1548:
1529:
1523:
1037:
managed to win enough parliamentary seats to form government just once during the Playmander against the odds − in
1016:
916:
864:
831:
757:
694:
594:
214:
1901:"An Act to provide for the better Government of South Australia [30th July 1842]: Anno 5o et 6o Victoriae"
1486:
officers who have the right to enter either house of parliament to make speeches on bills that are of interest to
1183:
by a single state-wide electorate from the same universal franchise as the House of Assembly. Since the following
2372:
1280:
1204:
970:
962:
733:
1199:, where each voter is given as many votes as there are candidates to be elected. From 1929, this was changed to
4499:
2400:
1378:
1333:
1216:
1042:
1012:
821:
783:
515:
2630:"SA becomes first Australian jurisdiction to create First Nations Voice to Parliament as historic bill passes"
1275:
The House of Assembly (or "lower house") is made up of 47 members who are each elected by the full-preference
4321:
4397:
2798:
1541:
1336:(2PP) was 47.0% Labor v 53.0% Liberal, the metropolitan area recorded a 2PP of 51.5% Labor v 48.5% Liberal.
966:
741:
709:
698:
1927:
4654:
4603:
4200:
4157:
2102:
1737:
1614:
1610:
1455:
1143:
898:
452:
414:
385:
340:
311:
181:
2322:
New Electoral System Adopted for the South Australian Legislative Council: Antony Green ABC 9 August 2017
1900:
1750:
1428:
Although it has been threatened, this South Australian double dissolution procedure has never been used.
4165:
1482:
1276:
1200:
792:
717:
498:
115:
2263:
767:
1727:
1712:
1498:
2826:
The parliament of South Australia : an outline of its history, its proceedings and its buildings
1458:
population to the state parliament and government. The Act was launched in a ceremony led by premier
1283:. Each of the 47 electoral districts (electorates) contains approximately the same number of voters.
1162:
demised, or occupy a dwelling house of the clear annual value of Twenty-five Pounds sterling money."
976:
From 1857 to 1933, the House of Assembly was elected from multi-member districts, commonly known as "
753:
1179:
Finally in 1973, all property qualifications were removed and the Council became a body elected via
4210:
3220:
2810:
2648:"Cheers and joy as South Australia becomes first state to legislate Indigenous voice to parliament"
2442:
1220:
48:
2848:
2087:
1963:
2015:
1475:
1422:
1341:
1231:
Today, the House of Assembly continues to use instant-runoff voting with compulsory preferences.
686:
106:
1467:
3518:
2892:
4406:
2861:
2783:
2764:
2536:
2347:
2293:
2140:
1880:
1812:
1689:
1459:
1234:
221:
1196:
1158:
1125:" from the 1910 election and in 1915 the Central District was split in half and became the "
509:
492:
2887:
1076:
elections. Since 1975, the distribution of the 47 electoral boundaries has been set by the
586:
17:
2460:
2449:
1321:
1237:
was introduced for the House of Assembly in 1942 and for the Legislative Council in 1985.
945:
to give women the vote and the first to give women the right to be elected to parliament.
845:
799:. Under this arrangement, there was also a governing Council comprising the Governor, the
666:
603:
159:
2728:
908:
system of voting to be used for the new parliament, also known as the Australian Ballot.
1470:, to achieve the passing of the bill. A large crowd attended despite rainy weather, and
2780:
Responsible Government in South Australia, Volume Two, From Playford to Rann, 1957-2007
2533:
Responsible Government in South Australia, Volume Two, From Playford to Rann, 1957-2007
1284:
1154:
456:
442:
199:
62:
1245:, election dates have been fixed at the third Saturday in March of every fourth year.
953:
826:
seven other officers to the Legislative Council, full control of South Australia as a
4867:
1462:, who acknowledged the work done by Attorney-General and Aboriginal Affairs Minister
1153:
Under the original 1856 Constitution, the franchise was restricted to men, "having a
912:
905:
2040:
1259:
911:
The first bicameral parliament of South Australia was elected on 9 March 1857, with
2761:
Responsible Government in South Australia, Volume One, From Foundations to Playford
2680:
2137:
Responsible Government in South Australia, Volume One, From Foundations to Playford
1951:
1654:
1646:
1622:
1471:
827:
728:
The parliament may make laws for any matter within South Australia, subject to the
403:
329:
243:
177:
2464:
2278:, "A 2:1 ratio of enrolments in favour of the rural areas was in force from 1936."
1772:
1003:
One distinctive aspect of the history of the South Australian parliament was the "
999:
A map of South Australian electorates 1955–69, during the height of the Playmander
4219:
4118:
1630:
1397:
1288:
1147:
1008:
858:
682:
674:
658:
1638:
1463:
1208:
1004:
816:, which combined the role of Resident Commissioner with that of the Governor.
690:
531:
428:
4849:
4836:
2676:"South Australia becomes first state to enact Indigenous voice to parliament"
2395:
2367:
4363:
4277:
2344:
From Secret Ballot to Democracy Sausage: How Australia Got Compulsory Voting
1402:
995:
893:
662:
655:
608:
83:
2845:"Community access to the electoral processes in South Australia since 1850"
2084:"Community access to the electoral processes in South Australia since 1850"
1536:. Parliament House sits on the North-Western corner of the intersection of
1219:
in 1982. From 1985 until 2017, the Legislative Council also used a form of
888:
A painting of the House of Assembly meeting in Old Parliament House in 1867
2237:
2652:
1833:
1533:
1325:
1313:. The House is presided over by a Speaker, who, as of the passage of the
1294:
Since 1975, the distribution of electoral boundaries has been set by the
1085:
702:
599:
1064:
More equitable boundaries were subsequently put in place following the
438:
2396:"PARLIAMENTARY TERM TO BE REDUCED - Unanimous Vote in South Australia"
1432:
prepare a report of recommendations that is submitted to both Houses.
919:
responsible to parliament. The parliament first sat on 22 April 1857.
868:
Recreated lower and upper house booths, history, and voting procedures
1287:, when a member retires or dies in office mid-term, are filled by a
2882:
2799:"John Curtin Memorial Lecture: Electoral reform in South Australia"
1686:
The Constitutional Systems of the Australian States and Territories
1505:
1497:
1365:
1357:
1258:
1100:
The Legislative Council chamber in Old Parliament House circa 1939
1095:
994:
952:
883:
863:
766:
621:
2213:. Parliament of South Australia. 19 February 2009. Archived from
1773:"Order-in-Council Establishing Government 23 February 1836 (UK)"
27:
Bicameral legislature of the Australian state of South Australia
4325:
4122:
3522:
2896:
2503:
South Australian Constitution Act 1934 Division 5 — Money Bills
1195:
Originally, the electoral system for both houses was a form of
1396:
The primary function of the Legislative Council is to review
1309:
to form government. The leader of the government becomes the
781:
At the founding of the Province of South Australia under the
2266:, South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission
1442:
Australian Indigenous advisory bodies § South Australia
2836:
The Flinders History of South Australia - Political History
1956:"History of South Australian elections 1857-2006, volume 2"
1930:. Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
571:
Redistributions are carried out after each election by the
4352:
Parliaments of Australia – Federal, states and territories
2431:
Constitution (Independent Speaker) Amendment Act 2021 (SA)
1753:. South Australia: Parliament of the South Australia. 1934
1296:
South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission
1078:
South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission
573:
South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission
2847:. South Australian State Electoral Office. Archived from
2086:. South Australian State Electoral Office. Archived from
1518:
A 50-minute tour of the South Australian Parliament House
1224:
the ballot paper. In 2017 this was changed to a form of
1027:
had 4,500 formal votes, while the metropolitan seat of
957:
The completed New Parliament House being opened in 1939
787:, governance of the new colony was divided between the
716:
does not define the parliament as including either the
2179:"Women's Suffrage Petition 1894: parliament.sa.gov.au"
1041:. Labor won comprehensive majorities of the statewide
1315:
Constitution (Independent Speaker) Amendment Act 2021
1577:
Parliaments of the Australian states and territories
4276:
4218:
4156:
4100:
4044:
4019:
3934:
3861:
3556:
3228:
2931:
636:
614:
579:
567:
555:
543:
521:
504:
487:
482:
464:
358:
284:
261:
256:
234:
212:
190:
168:
150:
145:
127:
122:
105:
91:
77:
72:
34:
2476:South Australian Constitution Act 1934 Section 28A
2404:. Tasmania, Australia. 17 November 1939. p. 2
1150:managed to achieve reform of the chamber in 1973.
2860:. Old Parliament House, North Terrace, Adelaide.
2628:McClaren, Rory; Pestrin, Stacey (26 March 2023).
2521:South Australian Constitution Act 1934 Section 15
2512:South Australian Constitution Act 1934 Section 41
2494:South Australian Constitution Act 1934 Section 13
2485:South Australian Constitution Act 1934 Section 14
1811:. Old Parliament House, North Terrace, Adelaide.
1528:The seat of the Parliament of South Australia is
1370:South Australian Legislative Council ballot paper
1838:, Printed by George Eyre and Andrew Spottiswoode
1271:South Australian House of Assembly ballot paper
935:gained the right to vote and stand for election
2376:. South Australia. 4 December 1937. p. 26
2130:
2128:
1688:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–79.
852:In 1853 the Legislative Council sent London a
712:and the parliaments of most other states, the
4337:
4134:
3534:
2908:
2290:Felicia: The political memoirs of Don Dunstan
1572:Official openings by the monarch in Australia
1481:The state is divided into six regions, whose
8:
3550:Elections and referendums in South Australia
2122:Electoral Act (No 10 of 19 Vic, 1855-6) (SA)
1215:voting that was subsequently changed to the
2623:
2621:
2292:. Griffin Press Limited. pp. 214–215.
2276:Labor and Liberal Parties, SA, Dean Jaensch
2016:"Constitution Act (No 2 of 19 Vic, 1855-6)"
2010:
2008:
1450:in March 2023, South Australia also has an
4786:
4781:
4744:
4739:
4693:
4688:
4642:
4637:
4591:
4586:
4540:
4535:
4487:
4482:
4436:
4431:
4385:
4380:
4359:
4344:
4330:
4322:
4141:
4127:
4119:
3541:
3527:
3519:
2915:
2901:
2893:
2888:Parliament of South Australia Youtube Page
2858:The Life and Times of Old Parliament House
2412:– via National Library of Australia.
2384:– via National Library of Australia.
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1857:"South Australian Colonization Commission"
1809:The Life and Times of Old Parliament House
1409:Resolution of deadlocks between the Houses
1068:(with the House increased to 47 members),
1045:vote whilst failing to form government in
941:. Once passed, South Australia become the
795:, who reported to a new body known as the
585:
61:
47:
31:
2239:The Making of The Australian Commonwealth
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
1960:State Electoral Office of South Australia
2588:
2586:
2422:Constitution Act Amendment Act 1985 (SA)
2168:Parliamentary Remuneration Act 1990 (SA)
2035:
2033:
1679:
1677:
1266:
1203:, with multi-member districts using the
1133:", each being represented by 4 members.
797:South Australian Colonization Commission
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2211:"Women and Politics in South Australia"
1984:Australian Colonies Government Act 1850
1673:
1593:
840:Australian Colonies Government Act 1850
777:British colonisation of South Australia
763:Early colonial period and establishment
2883:Parliament of South Australia Homepage
1878:
1011:that instituted a pro-rural electoral
961:South Australia became a state of the
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1488:Indigenous peoples in South Australia
892:This Constitution Act provided for a
345:, with Cregan serving in the Cabinet)
7:
4248:President of the Legislative Council
1567:List of elections in South Australia
1454:able to represent South Australia's
1393:money bills that it disagrees with.
1354:South Australian Legislative Council
1332:for example, although the statewide
1324:'s total population is 1.7 million,
1185:1975 South Australian state election
1092:Evolution of the Legislative Council
193:President of the Legislative Council
814:South Australia Government Act 1838
2729:"Old Parliament House | Adelaidia"
1255:South Australian House of Assembly
67:Parliament of South Australia logo
25:
2565:Australasian Parliamentary Review
1993:Legislative Council Act 1851 (SA)
1733:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
1474:spoke, danced, and performed the
1466:, and First Nations Commissioner
4889:1857 establishments in Australia
4791:
4749:
4698:
4647:
4596:
4545:
4492:
4441:
4390:
4243:Speaker of the House of Assembly
4209:
3219:
2159:Payment of Members Act 1887 (SA)
1865:History Trust of South Australia
1298:, an independent body. Since a
1080:, an independent body. Since a
738:Supreme Court of South Australia
350:
276:
171:Speaker of the House of Assembly
2829:. Adelaide: Government Printer.
2236:Wise, Bernard Ringrose (1913).
2101:Government of South Australia.
1562:Constitution of South Australia
730:Constitution of South Australia
643:Constitution of South Australia
54:Coat of Arms of South Australia
4884:Westminster system parliaments
2823:Combe, Gordon Desmond (1960).
2759:Combe, Gordon Desmond (2009).
2368:"PARLIAMENT'S RECORD REVIEWED"
2135:Combe, Gordon Desmond (2009).
2045:Museum of Australian Democracy
1928:The Right to Vote in Australia
1777:Museum of Australian Democracy
1736:(Imp) 13 & 14 Vict. c 59,
1452:Indigenous Voice to Parliament
937:in 1895, taking effect at the
1:
4874:Parliament of South Australia
4150:Government of South Australia
3863:Legislative Council elections
2925:Parliament of South Australia
965:in 1901, following a vote to
714:South Australian Constitution
669:. It consists of the 47-seat
652:Parliament of South Australia
36:Parliament of South Australia
4757:Australian Capital Territory
2838:. Adelaide: Wakefield Press.
2041:"Constitution Act 1856 (SA)"
1448:First Nations Voice Act 2023
1383:optional preferential voting
1226:optional preferential voting
1015:introduced by the incumbent
771:Old Parliament House in 1872
1419:Governor of South Australia
1376:Proportional Representation
1362:Legislative Council chamber
1291:in that member's district.
1213:proportional representation
1181:proportional representation
924:Payment of Members Act 1887
789:Governor of South Australia
722:governor of South Australia
112:Governor of South Australia
18:South Australian Parliament
4905:
4311:Other courts and tribunals
2264:History of Redistributions
2242:. Longmans, Green, and Co.
1582:Premier of South Australia
1549:Royal Australian Air Force
1524:Parliament House, Adelaide
1521:
1439:
1379:single transferable voting
1351:
1252:
1017:Liberal and Country League
917:Premier of South Australia
872:This was expressed by the
774:
758:History of South Australia
751:
4784:
4742:
4691:
4640:
4589:
4538:
4485:
4434:
4383:
4367:
4357:
4207:
3217:
2373:The Advertiser (Adelaide)
1861:Bound for South Australia
1779:. Documenting a democracy
1446:As of the passage of the
1436:State First Nations Voice
1281:single-member electorates
1263:House of Assembly chamber
1205:preferential block voting
1031:had 42,000 formal votes.
971:Constitution of Australia
963:Commonwealth of Australia
943:fourth state in the world
734:Constitution of Australia
641:
619:
593:
584:
349:
275:
60:
46:
41:
2459:11 December 2014 at the
2443:2014 election statistics
2401:The Advocate (Australia)
2002:Parliament Act 1853 (SA)
1863:. Creative Commons 3.0.
1532:in the state capital of
1217:single transferable vote
822:South Australia Act 1842
784:South Australia Act 1834
701:in the state capital of
516:Single transferable vote
237:Leader of the Opposition
2818:. Adelaide: W.C. Rigby.
2778:Martin, Robert (2009).
2596:First Nations Voice Act
2531:Martin, Robert (2009).
2465:2014 Fisher by-election
2332:Electoral Act 1985 (SA)
2312:Electoral Act 1929 (SA)
2103:"Constitution Act 1934"
1751:"Constitution Act 1934"
1684:Carney, Gerard (2006).
742:High Court of Australia
539:as bicameral parliament
133:; 167 years ago
114:(the representative of
4879:Bicameral legislatures
4850:34.92111°S 138.59861°E
2856:Stretton, Pat (1988).
2843:Jaensch, Dean (2002).
2834:Jaensch, Dean (1986).
2809:Finniss, B.T. (1886).
2346:. Text Publishing Co.
2342:Brett, Judith (2019).
2082:Jaensch, Dean (2002).
1885:: CS1 maint: others (
1832:Great Britain (1838),
1807:Stretton, Pat (1988).
1519:
1503:
1371:
1363:
1272:
1264:
1131:Central District No. 2
1127:Cantral District No. 1
1115:North-Eastern District
1101:
1000:
958:
899:responsible government
889:
880:Responsible government
869:
801:Judge or Chief Justice
772:
523:First general election
2797:Dunstan, Don (1976).
2605:legislation.sa.gov.au
2288:Dunstan, Don (1981).
1724:Constitution Act 1934
1709:Constitution Act 1934
1517:
1501:
1440:Further information:
1369:
1361:
1277:instant-runoff voting
1270:
1262:
1201:instant-runoff voting
1099:
1009:gerrymandering system
998:
956:
913:Boyle Travers Finniss
887:
874:Constitution Act 1856
867:
793:Resident Commissioner
775:Further information:
770:
752:Further information:
740:, and ultimately the
557:Next general election
545:Last general election
499:Instant-runoff voting
163:since 7 October 2021
4855:-34.92111; 138.59861
4374:Internal Territories
2556:Crump, Rick (2007).
2454:2014 Heysen election
2448:7 March 2016 at the
1472:Major "Moogy" Sumner
1221:Group voting tickets
1023:, the rural seat of
754:History of Australia
251:since 19 April 2022
229:since 21 March 2022
185:since 11 April 2024
4846: /
4268:Electoral districts
4238:Legislative Council
4021:First Nations Voice
3230:Legislative Council
2782:. Wakefield Press.
2763:. Wakefield Press.
2733:adelaidia.sa.gov.au
2535:. Wakefield Press.
2139:. Wakefield Press.
1538:King William Street
1348:Legislative Council
854:Parliament Act 1853
679:Legislative Council
534:Legislative Council
507:Legislative Council
361:Legislative Council
96:Legislative Council
4799:Northern Territory
1908:Founding Documents
1867:. 11 February 2011
1520:
1504:
1476:Welcome to Country
1423:double dissolution
1372:
1364:
1342:double dissolution
1300:referendum in 1991
1273:
1265:
1102:
1082:referendum in 1991
1001:
959:
890:
870:
805:Colonial Secretary
773:
710:federal parliament
687:Westminster system
677:) and the 22-seat
4829:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4706:Western Australia
4685:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4319:
4318:
4301:Magistrates Court
4263:Opposition Leader
4233:House of Assembly
4116:
4115:
3558:General elections
3516:
3515:
2933:House of Assembly
2735:. 9 February 2015
1515:
1460:Peter Malinauskas
1249:House of Assembly
1235:Compulsory voting
1191:Electoral systems
1119:Northern District
1111:Southern District
915:as the inaugural
736:. Similarly, the
671:House of Assembly
648:
647:
490:House of Assembly
287:House of Assembly
222:Peter Malinauskas
207:since 3 May 2022
100:House of Assembly
16:(Redirected from
4896:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4787:
4782:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4745:
4740:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4689:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4643:
4638:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4587:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4541:
4536:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4488:
4483:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4437:
4432:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4381:
4360:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4323:
4296:Employment Court
4213:
4196:Attorney-General
4143:
4136:
4129:
4120:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3223:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2894:
2871:
2852:
2851:on 8 March 2016.
2839:
2830:
2819:
2817:
2805:
2803:
2793:
2774:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2562:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2244:
2243:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2217:on 16 April 2019
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2191:on 29 March 2011
2190:
2184:. Archived from
2183:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2132:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2090:on 8 March 2016.
2079:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2018:. 4 January 1856
2012:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1962:. Archived from
1954:(1 March 2007).
1948:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1747:
1741:
1730:referencing the
1721:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1681:
1661:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1530:Parliament House
1516:
1502:Parliament House
1285:Casual vacancies
1197:plurality voting
1173:they served in.
1159:leasehold estate
1123:Midland District
1107:Central District
1013:malapportionment
991:Playmander years
949:After federation
832:Government House
809:Advocate-General
695:Parliament House
632:
629:
627:
625:
623:
595:Parliament House
589:
528:21 February 1851
450:
436:
422:
412:
394:
376:
363:political groups
354:
338:
320:
302:
289:political groups
280:
141:
139:
134:
65:
51:
32:
21:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4864:
4863:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4825:
4816:
4811:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4774:
4769:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4732:
4727:
4718:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4681:
4676:
4667:
4653:
4648:
4646:
4630:
4625:
4616:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4579:
4574:
4565:
4553:South Australia
4551:
4546:
4544:
4528:
4523:
4514:
4498:
4493:
4491:
4475:
4470:
4461:
4449:New South Wales
4447:
4442:
4440:
4424:
4419:
4410:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4353:
4350:
4320:
4315:
4306:Coroner's Court
4272:
4214:
4205:
4152:
4147:
4117:
4112:
4096:
4040:
4015:
3936:Local elections
3930:
3857:
3552:
3547:
3517:
3512:
3224:
3215:
2927:
2923:Members of the
2921:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2855:
2842:
2833:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2777:
2771:
2758:
2754:
2752:Further reading
2749:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2684:. 26 March 2023
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2656:. 26 March 2023
2646:
2645:
2641:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2609:
2607:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2461:Wayback Machine
2450:Wayback Machine
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2247:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2081:
2080:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1966:on 8 March 2016
1950:
1949:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1792:
1782:
1780:
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178:Leon Bignell
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4045:Referendums
2708:Google Maps
2688:20 November
2575:21 February
2108:13 November
2050:13 November
1913:13 November
1783:16 November
1631:Geoff Brock
1611:independent
1398:legislation
1289:by-election
1148:Don Dunstan
1129:" and the "
1117:" and the "
708:Unlike the
683:upper house
675:lower house
659:legislature
624:.parliament
453:Independent
341:Independent
182:Independent
4868:Categories
4838:34°55′16″S
4500:Queensland
4228:Parliament
2598:2023 (SA)"
2022:6 November
1871:5 November
1842:5 November
1668:References
1639:Dan Cregan
1483:Indigenous
1468:Dale Agius
1464:Kyam Maher
1456:indigenous
1403:committees
1279:system in
1209:party list
1005:Playmander
663:Australian
532:unicameral
425:One Nation
404:Crossbench
386:Opposition
369:Government
330:Crossbench
312:Opposition
295:Government
146:Leadership
4398:Australia
4191:Treasurer
4158:Executive
3508:2022–2026
3503:2018–2022
3498:2014–2018
3493:2010–2014
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3333:1908–1910
3328:1905–1908
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3308:1894–1897
3303:1891–1894
3298:1888–1891
3293:1885–1888
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3211:2022–2026
3206:2018–2022
3201:2014–2018
3196:2010–2014
3191:2006–2010
3186:2002–2006
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3046:1915–1918
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3021:1902–1905
3016:1899–1902
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3006:1893–1896
3001:1890–1893
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2991:1884–1887
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2981:1878–1881
2976:1875–1878
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2966:1870–1871
2961:1868–1870
2956:1865–1868
2951:1862–1865
2946:1860–1862
2941:1857–1860
2739:28 August
2713:3 October
2408:4 October
2380:4 October
2195:8 January
1757:9 October
1659:MacKillop
1615:Troy Bell
1043:two-party
894:bicameral
665:state of
656:bicameral
609:Australia
483:Elections
478:: 8 years
473:: 4 years
257:Structure
107:Sovereign
84:Bicameral
4808:Assembly
4766:Assembly
4724:Assembly
4673:Assembly
4655:Victoria
4622:Assembly
4604:Tasmania
4571:Assembly
4520:Assembly
4467:Assembly
4278:Judicial
4171:Governor
4166:Monarchy
2660:27 March
2653:SBS News
2634:ABC News
2610:28 March
2463:and ABC
2457:Archived
2446:Archived
2221:17 April
1881:cite web
1728:s 5
1713:s 4
1651:Narungga
1609:Current
1556:See also
1534:Adelaide
1494:Location
1326:Adelaide
1307:Governor
1211:form of
1155:freehold
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1109:", the "
1086:Adelaide
967:federate
703:Adelaide
600:Adelaide
269:47 MHAs
153:Governor
116:the King
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4664:Council
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4562:Council
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4181:Premier
4176:Cabinet
4101:Related
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1970:24 June
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748:History
720:or the
718:monarch
661:of the
654:is the
615:Website
476:Council
439:SA-BEST
397:Liberal
323:Liberal
271:22 MLCs
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215:Premier
204:Liberal
136: (
128:Founded
123:History
4407:Senate
4369:States
4201:Police
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471:House
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262:Seats
226:Labor
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