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250:. With changes in the country's positioning on nuclear involvement and South Africa's re-entry into world markets in 1990, a decision was taken to focus the organisation on commercially driven projects. Today, Necsa supplies a wide range of products and services to South African and foreign market sectors with the
230:
Necsa has two subsidiaries, which are NTP Radioisotopes SOC is a company that serves the international markets for radiation-based technology and products such as nuclear medicine for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Pelchem SOC is the second subsidiary which produces fluorochemicals for industrial
287:
created the Atomic Energy
Corporation (AEC), superseding the former AEB. It became responsible for all nuclear related activities. And on 1 July 1985, the Uranium Enrichment Corporation and Nuclear Development Corporation (NUCOR) was reincorporated into the AEC, having been two separate subsidiary
326:
Mr David
Nicholls chairs the Necsa Group board since January 2020 and was reappointed by Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy, Mr Gwede Mantashe in January 2023. The board presence and continuity is accredited for the entity's governance improvement and stability.
288:
companies created in 1982. The AEC then became the South
African Nuclear Energy Corporation in 1999. In 2003, NTP Radioisotopes Group was incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Necsa. In 2007, Pelchem became a wholly owned subsidiary of Necsa.
402:
page on Necsa's website. While the correct name is usually used on its website, there is one instance where the incorrect name, "Nuclear Energy
Corporation of South Africa", is used on the site. Elsewhere on the web, Necsa's incorrect name is often
282:
In 1948, the Atomic Energy Board (AEB) was established. In 1957, South Africa and the United States signed an agreement to procure a research reactor. In 1970, the
Uranium Enrichment Corporation (UCOR) was established. On 1 July 1982, the
302:
research programmes and was commissioned on 18 March 1965. In the 1970s and 1980s, amid reduced output due to embargo of international fuel supply, the focus of activities at
Pelindaba was on the exploitation of South Africa's
215:
and related technologies; to process and store nuclear material and other restricted material; and to co-ordinate with other organisations in matters falling within these spheres. Apart from its main operations at
859:
211:
Necsa replaced the country's Atomic Energy
Corporation. Apart from several ancillary functions, the main functions of Necsa are to undertake and promote research and development in the field of
319:
assembly production facilities. In 1993 focus shifted to commercial operations and over the following years typical output increased back to 20MW. Since 2009 the reactor has operated solely on
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The name is correctly indicated above, although the sequence of letters in the acronym may be taken as suggesting that the name should be the "Nuclear Energy
Corporation of South Africa".
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facility. The corporation also serves the State's other nuclear institutional obligations. The chief executive officer of Necsa is Mr. Loyiso
Tyabashe since 1 January 2021.
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588:"CABINET APPROVAL OF MULTIPURPOSE REACTOR ENSURES SOUTH AFRICA RETAINS ITS NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY GLOBAL FOOTPRINT"
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504:. Internet Archive. Pretoria: South African State Dept. of Foreign Affairs. 1989. pp. 566–67.
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In 2021, cabinet approved of a multi-purpose reactor (MPR) which will replace the SAFARI-1.
292:
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which are sold globally by the NTP. The NTP Radioisotopes Group had sales of 1.222 billion
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resources through the successful design, construction and commissioning of commercial
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647:(2005). "Uranium Road: Questioning South Africa's Nuclear Direction", Jacana Media.
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Iturralde, Mario P. (December 1996). "Molybdenum-99 production in South Africa".
377:
2843:
650:
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239:
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1941:
140:
501:
South Africa 1989-90 : official yearbook of the
Republic of South Africa
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96:
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634:, a division of NECSA involved in the production and distribution of
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South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA) Web site
234:
Necsa employs some 1,700 people in diverse areas such as
95:
Ellias Motsoaledi Street Extension (Church Street West),
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763:South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA)
473:"South Africa to resume radioisotope production"
439:
437:
19:South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd
1038:Government Communication and Information System
258:production programme. This research reactor at
3636:Economy of North West (South African province)
860:Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development
2904:
2548:
1683:
1090:
833:Departments of the Government of South Africa
810:
666:
254:reactor as the cornerstone of the commercial
74:South African Nuclear Energy Corporation 1999
8:
3626:Nuclear technology companies of South Africa
1043:Independent Police Investigative Directorate
372:
370:
355:South Africa and weapons of mass destruction
18:
3380:President of South Africa Residence Nkandla
2911:
2897:
2889:
2555:
2541:
2533:
2404:
1804:
1742:
1690:
1676:
1668:
1097:
1083:
1075:
1020:Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities
817:
803:
795:
673:
659:
651:
39:Pelindaba Nuclear Research Centre (Gate 3)
33:
24:
17:
1763:National Energy Regulator of South Africa
2384:Johannesburg Landfill Gas to Electricity
1758:South African Nuclear Energy Corporation
175:South African Nuclear Energy Corporation
3641:Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
3631:Nuclear power companies of South Africa
3579:Rheinmetall Denel Munition South Africa
3370:Mahlamba Ndlopfu Presidential Residence
930:International Relations and Cooperation
870:Communications and Digital Technologies
366:
106:Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
3375:Sefako Makgatho Presidential Residence
2755:Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment
935:Justice and Constitutional Development
517:
494:
492:
490:
475:. World Nuclear News. 19 November 2018
3559:BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa
3365:Nelson Mandela Qunu Village residence
7:
3416:Northern Cape Provincial Legislature
2515:
562:European Journal of Nuclear Medicine
378:"Nuclear Energy Act, No. 46 of 1999"
3574:South African National Space Agency
3406:Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature
3390:Presidential Residence (Genadendal)
2920:National Key Points in South Africa
2475:Department of Energy (South Africa)
900:Environment, Forestry and Fisheries
285:Nuclear Energy Act (Act 92 of 1982)
3456:Western Cape Provincial Parliament
624:, a division of NECSA tasked with
298:was initially used for high level
266:produces medical isotopes such as
200:and is wholly owned by the State.
14:
3595:O. R. Tambo International Airport
3514:Onderstepoort Biological Products
3426:North West Provincial Legislature
3052:Durban North Distribution Station
3047:Durban South Distribution Station
1937:Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme
960:Public Service and Administration
547:South African Nuclear Corporation
414:"South Africa Nuclear Chronology"
340:Helikon vortex separation process
3600:King Shaka International Airport
3127:Muldersvlei Transmission Station
2514:
2503:
2502:
2363:Wesley-Ciskei Wind Power Station
2178:Dassiesklip Wind Energy Facility
1647:Nuclear energy policy by country
826:
709:
3605:Cape Town International Airport
3491:South African Bank Note Company
3446:Houses of Parliament, Cape Town
3312:Transnet Pipeline Witbank Depot
3062:Lotus Park Distribution station
3032:Klaarwater Distribution Station
2992:Grassridge Transmission Station
2866:National Budget of South Africa
2338:Tsitsikamma Community Wind Farm
2223:Impofu Wind Power Farms Complex
1000:Trade, Industry and Competition
965:Public Works and Infrastructure
3137:Droeriver Transmission Station
2430:Graaff Electric Lighting Works
1637:List of nuclear power stations
622:Nuclear Liabilities Management
1:
3539:Main Telephone Exchange (PPR)
3436:Government Building Nelspruit
3142:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
2105:Touwsrivier CPV Solar Project
1988:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
1962:Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme
1048:National School of Government
915:Higher Education and Training
682:Nuclear power in South Africa
540:"Necsa Annual Report 2021/22"
231:applications and household.
3037:Pegasus Transmission Station
3017:Minerva Transmission Station
2997:Perseus Transmission Station
2760:Qualifying Small Enterprises
2100:SlimSun Swartland Solar Park
2095:Redstone Solar Thermal Power
2019:Newcastle Cogeneration Plant
1947:Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme
945:Mineral Resources and Energy
126:Loyiso Tyabashe (Group (CEO)
3564:Hartebeeshoek Earth Station
3451:120 Plein Street, Cape Town
3132:Acasia Transmission Station
3057:Athene Transmission Station
3027:Impala Transmission Station
3012:Apollo Transmission Station
2490:South African energy crisis
2055:Jasper Solar Energy Project
1895:Pretoria West Power Station
102:Madibeng Local Municipality
76:; 25 years ago
63:; 76 years ago
3657:
3302:Bosloop Water Pump Station
3252:Tarlton Distribution Depot
3177:OilTanking Grindrod Calulo
3007:Hydra Transmission Station
2772:Exempted Micro Enterprises
2750:Black Economic Empowerment
2485:Renewable energy in Africa
2123:Amakhala Emoyeni Wind Farm
2090:Mulilo Sonnedix Prieska PV
1820:Bloemfontein Power Station
975:Small Business Development
380:. South African Government
225:radioactive waste disposal
220:, Necsa also operates the
189:Nuclear Energy Act in 1999
3431:KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
3292:Grootfontein Pump Station
3042:Drakensberg Power Station
2589:
2498:
2328:Seriti Wind Power Station
1779:Atomic Energy Corporation
1657:Nuclear technology portal
1632:
1059:Public Service Commission
839:
707:
421:Nuclear Threat Initiative
148:NTP Radioisotopes SOC Ltd
132:(Necsa Board Chairperson)
32:
23:
3519:SSA Communication Centre
3421:Pretoria Union Buildings
3307:Nooitgedact Pump Station
3287:Rieftontein Pump Station
3247:Airport e-Natis Facility
3087:Sol Transmission Station
2445:Mount Road Power Station
2258:Loeriesfontein Wind Farm
2050:Droogfontein Solar Power
1106:Nuclear power by country
985:Sports, Arts and Culture
689:Current nuclear reactors
191: (25 years ago)
187:Republic of South Africa
61:Atomic Energy Board 1948
3152:Ankerlig Power Station
3022:Grootvlei Power Station
2974:Mokolo Dam Pump Station
2861:State-owned enterprises
2720:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
2564:Economy of South Africa
2455:Swartkops Power Station
2440:Kroonstad Power Station
2268:Noblesfontein Wind Farm
2203:Golden Valley Wind Farm
1952:Kouga Dam Power Station
1835:Grootvlei Power Station
1064:Statistics South Africa
181:) was established as a
3509:Square Kilometre Array
3411:Free State Legislature
3342:FA Production Platform
3202:Kroonstad Pump Station
3192:Coalbrook Pump Station
3187:Bethlehem Pump Station
3147:Gourikwa Power Station
3072:Hendrina Power Station
2985:and transmission sites
2983:Electricity generation
2597:
2435:Ingagane Power Station
2425:Driehoek Power Station
2358:West Coast 1 Wind Farm
2228:Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm
2024:Port Rex Power Station
2014:Gourikwa Power Station
2009:Ankerlig Power Station
1840:Hendrina Power Station
1784:Johannesburg Gas Works
1711:Energy in South Africa
970:Science and Innovation
875:Cooperative Governance
524:: CS1 maint: others (
3322:Zaaihoek Pump Station
3297:Vygeboom Pump Station
3122:Matimba Power Station
3002:Lethabo Power Station
2595:
2450:Orlando Power Station
2420:Colenso Power Station
2415:Athlone Power Station
2348:Van Stadens Wind Farm
2298:Phezukomoya Wind Farm
2133:Brandvallei Wind Farm
1921:Rooiwal Power Station
1880:Matimba Power Station
1870:Lethabo Power Station
1698:Power in South Africa
1642:Nuclear energy policy
895:Employment and Labour
880:Correctional Services
108:, North West Province
3502:and technology sites
3337:PetroSA GTL Refinery
3317:Khutala Pump Station
3282:Jericho Pump Station
3117:Majuba Power Station
3112:Komati Power Station
3107:Kendal Power Station
3102:Tutuka Power Station
3067:Camden Power Station
2808:Consumer price index
2596:Flag of South Africa
2480:Coal in South Africa
2293:Perdekraal Wind Farm
2288:Oyster Bay Wind Farm
2243:Klipheuwel Wind Farm
2213:Grassridge Wind Farm
2198:Gibson Bay Wind Farm
2004:Acacia Power Station
1916:Kelvin Power Station
1900:Tutuka Power Station
1890:Medupi Power Station
1875:Majuba Power Station
1865:Kusile Power Station
1855:Komati Power Station
1850:Kendal Power Station
1845:Kelvin Power Station
1825:Camden Power Station
1015:Water and Sanitation
890:Economic Development
735:Waste disposal sites
445:"Annual Report 2016"
350:Nuclear reprocessing
321:low enriched uranium
309:uranium hexafluoride
3476:SARB Port Elizabeth
3461:SARB Port Elizabeth
3441:Limpopo Legislature
3097:Duvha Power Station
3092:Matla Power Station
3082:Arnot Power Station
3077:Kriel Power Station
2644:Automotive industry
2333:Soetwater Wind Farm
2318:San Kraal Wind Farm
2313:Roggeveld Wind Farm
2308:Rietkloof Wind Farm
2263:Metrowind Wind Farm
2218:Hopefield Wind Farm
2208:Gouda Wind Facility
2188:Excelsior Wind Farm
2163:Copperton Wind Farm
2158:Cookhouse Wind Farm
2085:Letsatsi Solar Park
1885:Matla Power Station
1860:Kriel Power Station
1830:Duvha Power Station
1815:Arnot Power Station
1005:Traditional Affairs
594:. 27 September 2021
20:
3549:African Explosives
3529:Denel Land Systems
3232:Total Depot Alrode
3227:Sasol Depot Alrode
3217:Shell Depot Alrode
3197:Sasol Pump Station
2927:Water supply sites
2798:South African rand
2742:Affirmative action
2715:Mineral Revolution
2687:Telecommunications
2598:
2278:Noupoort Wind Farm
2153:Coleskop Wind Farm
2045:De Aar Solar Power
980:Social Development
955:Public Enterprises
574:10.1007/BF01249633
345:Nuclear fuel cycle
313:uranium enrichment
236:nuclear physicists
3613:
3612:
3486:SARB Johannesburg
3471:SARB Bloemfontein
3358:residential sites
3207:Magdala TPL Depot
2886:
2885:
2788:National Treasury
2604:Natural resources
2530:
2529:
2463:
2462:
2392:
2391:
2353:Waainek Wind Farm
2303:Red Cap Wind Farm
2233:Kangans Wind Farm
2173:Darling Wind Farm
2080:Lesedi Solar Park
1792:
1791:
1665:
1664:
1652:Nuclear accidents
1620:
1607:
1594:
1072:
1071:
1031:department status
940:Military Veterans
925:Human Settlements
792:
791:
719:Enrichment plants
632:NTP Radioisotopes
568:(12): 1681–1687.
511:978-0-7970-1729-0
171:
170:
3648:
3524:CSIR Wind Tunnel
3466:SARB East London
3399:Government sites
3332:PetroSA Voorbaai
3327:Chevron Refinery
3272:Rustenburg Depot
3262:Langlaagte Depot
3257:Klerksdorp Depot
3170:processing sites
2913:
2906:
2899:
2890:
2849:Traded companies
2813:Provinces by HDI
2727:Great Depression
2707:Economic history
2557:
2550:
2543:
2534:
2518:
2517:
2506:
2505:
2405:
2273:Nojoli Wind Farm
2248:Khobab Wind Farm
2238:Karusa Wind Farm
2183:Dorper Wind Farm
2168:De Aar Wind Farm
2138:Castle Wind Farm
2128:Aurora Wind Farm
2065:Kathu Solar Park
1805:
1743:
1721:Renewable energy
1692:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1076:
831:
830:
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779:Earthlife Africa
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293:research reactor
274:(€75M) in 2016.
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3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3583:
3501:
3495:
3394:
3357:
3351:
3212:Wilge TPL Depot
3182:Natref Refinery
3169:
3167:
3161:
2984:
2978:
2922:
2917:
2887:
2882:
2822:
2776:
2736:
2701:
2648:
2632:
2611:Mining industry
2599:
2587:
2566:
2561:
2531:
2526:
2494:
2459:
2399:
2388:
2372:
2343:Umoya Wind Farm
2283:Nxuba Wind Farm
2253:Kouga Wind Farm
2193:Garob Wind Farm
2148:Coega Wind Farm
2143:Chaba Wind Farm
2109:
2028:
1992:
1976:
1972:Vanderkloof Dam
1925:
1904:
1799:
1788:
1767:
1738:
1732:
1699:
1696:
1666:
1661:
1628:
1576:
1479:
1478:Abandoned plans
1473:
1352:
1325:
1317:
1265:
1257:
1215:
1207:
1174:
1165:
1117:
1108:
1103:
1073:
1068:
1030:
1024:
865:Basic Education
848:
835:
825:
823:
793:
788:
767:
746:
730:
714:
705:
684:
679:
641:
639:Further reading
613:
608:
607:
597:
595:
586:
585:
581:
559:
558:
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537:
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423:
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412:
411:
407:
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393:
383:
381:
376:
375:
368:
363:
336:
300:nuclear physics
280:
209:
195:
193:
190:
159:
151:
135:
120:
113:
109:
87:
80:
78:
75:
67:
65:
62:
40:
12:
11:
5:
3654:
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3597:
3591:
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3584:
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3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:Denel Aviation
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3534:Denel Dynamics
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3500:Space, science
3497:
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3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
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3329:
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3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3267:Meyerton Depot
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:Chevron Texaco
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3222:Chevron Alrode
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3168:fuel depot and
3163:
3162:
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3139:
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3119:
3114:
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2893:
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2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2781:Macroeconomics
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
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2729:
2724:
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2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2697:Power stations
2694:
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2677:
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2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2402:
2400:power stations
2398:Decommissioned
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2368:Wolf Wind Farm
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2323:Sere Wind Farm
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
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2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:KaXu Solar One
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1930:Hydro-electric
1927:
1926:
1924:
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1918:
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1910:
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1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
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1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
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1827:
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1811:
1809:
1802:
1800:power stations
1794:
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1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1480:for new plants
1475:
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1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
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1431:
1426:
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1225:
1223:Czech Republic
1219:
1217:
1213:
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1203:United Kingdom
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1101:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1052:Office of the
1050:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
990:State Security
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
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897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
854:
850:
849:
847:
846:
844:The Presidency
840:
837:
836:
824:
822:
821:
814:
807:
799:
790:
789:
787:
786:
781:
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629:
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612:
611:External links
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213:nuclear energy
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183:public company
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129:David Nicholls
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3544:ArcelorMittal
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3481:SARB Pretoria
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3385:JL Dube House
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3277:Sasol Secunda
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2871:National debt
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2732:Disinvestment
2730:
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2718:
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2692:Nuclear power
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2075:Khi Solar One
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1995:
1989:
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1967:Steenbras Dam
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2680:LGBT tourism
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2040:Bokpoort CSP
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1449:Saudi Arabia
1313:South Africa
920:Home Affairs
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596:. Retrieved
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317:nuclear fuel
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141:Subsidiaries
112:South Africa
92:Headquarters
15:
2944:Vereeniging
2939:Zuikerbosch
2844:JSE Limited
2623:Agriculture
2571:By province
1997:Oil and gas
1726:Solar power
1619:(gradually)
1616:Switzerland
1582:Phasing-out
1439:Philippines
1434:North Korea
1343:Netherlands
1243:Switzerland
1151:South Korea
853:Departments
479:20 November
248:electronics
240:engineering
3620:Categories
3166:Crude oil,
2856:Krugerrand
2834:Corruption
2675:Ecotourism
1942:Gariep Dam
1909:Metro Coal
1808:Eskom Coal
1497:Azerbaijan
1409:Kazakhstan
1374:Bangladesh
772:Opposition
645:Fig, David
628:management
457:27 January
426:27 January
400:'About us'
384:27 January
361:References
291:The 20 MW
207:Operations
119:Key people
2839:Companies
2765:Scorecard
1957:Ncora Dam
1606:(already)
1593:(delayed)
1567:Venezuela
1552:Singapore
1527:Lithuania
1487:Australia
1454:Sri Lanka
1394:Indonesia
1273:Argentina
1010:Transport
751:Operators
726:Valindaba
520:cite book
260:Pelindaba
244:chemistry
218:Pelindaba
97:Pelindaba
3588:Airports
2969:Vaal Dam
2964:Eikenhof
2949:Mapleton
2793:Taxation
2665:Gambling
2653:Services
2637:Industry
2509:Category
2060:Kalkbult
1547:Portugal
1532:Malaysia
1459:Thailand
1348:Slovenia
1308:Slovakia
1288:Bulgaria
1238:Pakistan
742:Vaalputs
701:SAFARI-1
598:22 March
398:See the
334:See also
296:SAFARI-1
264:SAFARI-1
252:SAFARI-1
222:Vaalputs
45:Industry
3157:Centlec
2959:Palmiet
2954:Barrage
2670:Tourism
2628:Whaling
2583:Gauteng
2521:Commons
1981:Nuclear
1772:Defunct
1746:Current
1704:Sectors
1598:Germany
1590:Belgium
1572:Vietnam
1512:Ireland
1507:Georgia
1492:Austria
1464:Tunisia
1429:Nigeria
1424:Myanmar
1419:Morocco
1369:Algeria
1364:Albania
1357:Planned
1333:Armenia
1303:Romania
1293:Hungary
1278:Belarus
1233:Germany
1228:Finland
1183:Belgium
1156:Ukraine
1119:> 10
995:Tourism
905:Finance
885:Defence
696:Koeberg
305:uranium
278:History
256:isotope
194: (
185:by the
156:Website
79: (
66: (
55:Founded
49:Nuclear
3237:Alrode
1798:Active
1624:Taiwan
1562:Taiwan
1517:Kuwait
1469:Turkey
1444:Poland
1404:Jordan
1399:Israel
1326:< 1
1298:Mexico
1283:Brazil
1266:> 1
1248:Taiwan
1216:> 2
1198:Sweden
1176:> 5
1146:Russia
1136:France
1126:Canada
950:Police
910:Health
508:
323:fuel.
315:, and
3569:NECSA
2827:Misc.
2660:Banks
2468:Other
2377:Other
2033:Solar
1753:Eskom
1611:Spain
1603:Italy
1557:Syria
1522:Libya
1414:Kenya
1389:Ghana
1384:Egypt
1379:Chile
1193:Spain
1188:India
1141:Japan
1131:China
758:Eskom
592:Necsa
543:(PDF)
452:NECSA
448:(PDF)
417:(PDF)
403:used.
179:Necsa
161:necsa
3347:ORCA
2616:Coal
2408:Coal
2115:Wind
1542:Peru
1537:Oman
1502:Cuba
1338:Iran
600:2023
526:link
506:ISBN
481:2018
459:2017
428:2017
386:2017
246:and
196:1999
173:The
81:1999
68:1948
1253:UAE
570:doi
272:ZAR
165:.za
163:.co
3622::
1322:GW
1262:GW
1212:GW
1171:GW
1114:GW
590:.
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522:}}
518:{{
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388:.
198:)
177:(
83:)
70:)
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