868:
568:, a region within the two AONBs possessing a geology, ecology and landscape quite different from the chalk hills of the South Downs, within the park boundary to ensure that it remained protected from development. The Secretary of State invited objections and representations on new issues relating to the proposed national park in a consultation that ran from 2 July to 13 August 2007. In the light of the responses received, the Secretary of State decided that it was appropriate to re-open the 2003–05 public inquiry. The inquiry re-opened on 12 February 2008 and was closed on 4 July 2008 after 27 sitting days. The Inspector's report was submitted on 28 November 2008.
67:
846:
630:(SDNPA). The SDNPA was established on 1 April 2010, and became fully functioning, including becoming the planning authority for the national park, on 1 April 2011. It is responsible for promoting the statutory purposes of the national park and the interests of the people who live and work within it. The statutory purposes of the SDNPA, as a national park authority, are specified by the
666:
611:
785:
area at 544 km (210 sq mi), followed by East
Hampshire District with 279 km (108 sq mi), Winchester with 265 km (102 sq mi), Lewes District with 159 km (61 sq mi) and Arun 102 km (39 sq mi). 93 km (36 sq mi) are in Horsham District and 60 km (23 sq mi) in Wealden District.
773:
52:
784:
The national park has an area of 1,625 km (627 sq mi), of which 544 km (210 sq mi) is in
Hampshire, 807 km (312 sq mi) in West Sussex and 237 km (92 sq mi) in East Sussex. Among the district council areas, Chichester District has the largest
512:
from 1940 onwards through arable farming, and a resulting decline in sheep grazing, militated at an early stage against further work on designation. When in 1956 the
National Parks Commission came to consider the case for the South Downs as a national park, it found designation no longer appropriate,
547:
was conducted between 10 November 2003 and 23 March 2005, with the aim of recommending to ministers whether a national park should be confirmed and, if so, where its boundaries should be. The results of the inquiry were expected by the end of 2005, but were delayed pending a legal issue arising from
504:
took a different view, and he included the South Downs in his list of twelve areas recommended for designation as a national park, defined by John Dower as an "extensive area of beautiful and relatively wild country in which, for the nation's benefit...the characteristic landscape beauty is strictly
780:
The total population living within the national park is approximately 108,000. Of these 42,000 live in
Hampshire, 40,000 in West Sussex and 25,000 in East Sussex. East Hampshire District Council area and Chichester District each have around 30,000 residents in the area and Lewes District 22,000.
559:
Following an appeal on the High Court case and new legislation included in the
Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, the South Downs Inquiry report was published on 31 March 2006. It recommended a 23% reduction in the size of the originally proposed national park, focussing it more
653:
The SDNPA is a public body, funded by central government, and run by a board of twenty seven members. The board consists of seven national members, appointed by the environment secretary by means of an open recruitment process; fourteen local authority nominees drawn from the fifteen local
471:
The idea of a South Downs
National Park originated in the 1920s, when public concern was mounting about increasing threats to the beautiful downland environment, particularly the impact of indiscriminate speculative housing development on the eastern Sussex Downs
781:
Winchester has 11,500 residents in the park, with much smaller numbers for the other districts and boroughs. The area receives about 39 million visits each year, which is thought likely to increase as a result of the creation of the national park.
427:, designated on 31 March 2010. The park, covering an area of 1,627 square kilometres (628 sq mi) in southern England, stretches for 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Winchester in the west to Eastbourne in the east through the counties of
590:
The new national park came into full operation on 1 April 2011 when the new South Downs
National Park Authority assumed statutory responsibility for it. The occasion was marked by an opening ceremony which took place in the market square of
579:, announced that the South Downs would be designated a national park, and on 12 November 2009 he signed the order confirming the designation. He confirmed that a number of hotly disputed areas – including the western Weald, the town of
867:
513:
noting that the value of the South Downs as a potential national park had been reduced by cultivation. It did however recognise the "great natural beauty" of the area, and proposed it be designated as an
528:
In
September 1999 the government, following a review of national parks policy, declared support for a South Downs National Park, and announced a consultation on its creation. In January 2003 the then
537:
953:
The South Downs run linearly west-north-westwards from the
Eastbourne area through southern Sussex to the Hampshire downs, separating the south coastal plain from the clays and sandstones of the
572:
701:
in the east. In its western half, the southern boundary of the park lies up to 10 km (6.2 mi) inland from the south coast; it thus excludes the major coastal towns and cities of
811:
sets it apart from other national parks in
Britain. However, almost a quarter (23%) of the national park consists of a quite different and strongly contrasting physiographic region, the
1026:
In its western section, the national park extends north beyond the chalk escarpment of the South Downs into a quite different and strongly contrasting physiographic region, the western
560:
narrowly on the chalk downland and excluding from it a large part of the existing East Hampshire and Sussex Downs AONBs. This proved highly controversial, leading to calls from the
957:. Behind the escarpment, on the dip slope, are the characteristic high, smooth, rolling downland hills interrupted by dry valleys and wind gaps, and the major river gaps of the
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1216:
1458:
406:
484:, submitted a memorandum to the Prime Minister urging the case for national parks, including a national park on part of the South Downs. When however, towards the end of
94:
1364:
1105:(Snake River Press, 2009). He notes that "John Halsham" (G. Forrester Scott) advocated what we would now call a national park for part of the Weald and Downs in 1898.
741:, which had all made substantial encroachments onto the Downs during the 19th and 20th centuries. By contrast, the park includes a number of towns situated in the
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815:, whose densely wooded hills and vales are based on an older Wealden geology of resistant sandstones and softer clays. The highest point in the national park,
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477:
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649:
In carrying out its role, the authority has a duty to seek to foster the economic and social well-being of the communities living within the national park.
316:
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authorities covering the park area with Adur and Worthing opting to share a place; and six parish council representatives, two for each county.
1708:
1451:
399:
721:. Further east, where the park's southern boundary lies much closer to the coast, it has been carefully drawn to exclude the urban areas of
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1703:
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status, to restrict artificial light pollution above the park. It was the second such area in England and the 11th in the world.
508:
The South Downs was the last of the original twelve recommended national parks to be designated. Extensive damage to the chalk
1624:
1312:
364:
41:
1507:
236:
1618:
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801:
496:, did not identify the South Downs for national park status, but rather included it in a list of "other amenity areas".
357:
272:
248:
1399:
1337:
595:, a town situated in the western Weald just 4 km (2.5 mi) north of the chalk escarpment of the South Downs.
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950:, when sea levels rose and the English Channel was formed, resulting in under-cutting of the chalk by the sea.
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57:
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To promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the Park's special qualities by the public.
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908:
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816:
657:
As at June 2024, the chair of SDNPA is Vanessa Rowlands, and the chief executive (interim) is Tim Slaney.
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Apart from a number of boundary revisions, the park incorporates two areas previously designated as
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947:
793:
518:
17:
677:
The South Downs National Park stretches for 140 km (87 mi) across southern England from
962:
529:
81:
1365:
Consultation on the membership of the future South Downs National Park Authority Defra July 2009
1119:
1008:
797:
726:
522:
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1501:
1000:
989:
903:, between 100 million and 66 million years ago, when the area was under the sea. During the
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481:
456:
1084:
819:, at 280 m (919 ft) above sea level, is in fact situated in the Weald, on the
1436:
1175:
1012:
876:
845:
808:
544:
517:. In due course two AONBs were designated, split along the county boundary, namely the
460:
1135:
980:
rock, notably homogeneous and fine-grained, and very permeable. It consists of minute
893:, a strongly contrasting and distinctive landscape of densely wooded hills and vales.
638:
To conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the area
1657:
1489:
1483:
812:
742:
718:
565:
452:
218:
212:
1151:
In February 2006, people with an interest in the outcome of the inquiry received a
1059:
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485:
915:
movements that created the Alps. The relatively resistant chalk rock has, through
889:, although a significant part consists of the sandstones and clays of the western
536:) made an Order to designate the proposed park in 2003 which was submitted to the
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1016:
977:
939:
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702:
698:
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615:
592:
576:
543:
As a result of objections and representations received on the proposed Order, a
448:
440:
436:
432:
1101:
In fact, the idea may go back further, according to Peter Brandon in his book,
907:
era the chalk was uplifted as part of the Weald uplift which created the great
665:
525:
in 1966. These were later to form the basis of the South Downs National Park.
1531:
1525:
1043:
1004:
985:
970:
966:
935:
924:
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cliffs and the coastguard cottages, from Seaford Head across the mouth of the
738:
710:
706:
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610:
473:
260:
254:
109:
96:
1606:
1047:
1020:
686:
584:
428:
345:
1637:
Parentheses denote year of establishment as a National Park. An area with
772:
1495:
1194:
958:
904:
886:
758:
754:
722:
509:
224:
823:, whereas the highest point on the chalk escarpment of the South Downs,
51:
993:
981:
912:
762:
1431:
1217:"South Downs National Park confirmation announced on 12 November 2009"
1513:
920:
242:
1377:
South Downs Online: Will the South Downs be overwhelmed by visitors?
1289:. South Downs National Park Authority. 29 March 2011. Archived from
1003:, which have been widely exploited as a material for manufacture of
927:
that rises dramatically above the low-lying vales of the Low Weald.
1164:...there will be a delay in the timetable for reaching a decision.
1027:
997:
954:
890:
883:
866:
844:
771:
766:
664:
609:
580:
455:, with its heavily wooded sandstone and clay hills and vales. The
1415:
827:, has an elevation of 271 m (889 ft) above sea level.
451:) and a substantial part of a separate physiographic region, the
443:(which on the English Channel coast form the white cliffs of the
178:
946:
and Seaford Head. These cliffs were formed after the end of the
514:
1440:
1426:
571:
On 31 March 2009 the result of the inquiry was published. The
1118:, pp 190–192. (Phillimore & Co. Ltd., Chichester, 1998).
1243:"South Downs National Park wins 'dark sky reserve' status"
1038:
bedrock, and the densely wooded hills and valleys of the
1265:"BBC News: 'Historic day' for South Downs National Park"
1641:
has similar status to a UK National Park. Areas marked
380:
has similar status to a UK National Park. Areas marked
1421:
Links to detailed Defra maps of the confirmed boundary
488:, John Dower was asked to report on how a system of
459:
spans the entire length of the park and is the only
1597:
1572:
1553:
1474:
552:case challenging part of the Order designating the
173:
165:
157:
149:
141:
133:
125:
88:
76:
34:
1176:Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006
1085:"South Downs walks celebrate national park status"
618:lies within the national park, seen here with the
439:. The national park covers the chalk hills of the
1287:"South Downs National Park Authority Goes Live"
938:, where it forms the dramatic white cliffs of
587:– would be included within the national park.
564:and others for the inclusion of the so-called
480:, led by campaigners including the geographer
1452:
830:Within the national park there are two chalk
478:Council for the Preservation of Rural England
400:
8:
562:Campaign for the Protection of Rural England
376:Parentheses denotes the year. An area with
1459:
1445:
1437:
1360:
1358:
407:
393:
192:
31:
626:The national park is administered by the
463:that lies wholly within a national park.
923:landform, with a northward-facing chalk
863:Geology of the South Downs National Park
645:It must also fulfil the following duty:
1076:
761:, and the two historic Sussex towns of
492:might be established, his 1945 report,
195:
1030:, taking in the valley of the western
882:Most of the national park consists of
598:In 2016 the national park was granted
538:Secretary of State for the Environment
502:Report of the National Parks Committee
476:was an example of this). In 1929, the
7:
1689:Parks and open spaces in East Sussex
1684:Parks and open spaces in West Sussex
1468:National parks of the United Kingdom
1185:
1183:
75:
71:Map of the South Downs National Park
1699:Protected areas established in 2010
1103:The Shaping of the Sussex Landscape
988:) shed from micro-organisms called
790:Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty
628:South Downs National Park Authority
494:National Parks in England and Wales
490:national parks in England and Wales
169:South Downs National Park Authority
145:1,627 km (628 sq mi)
27:National park in South East England
18:South Downs National Park Authority
1679:Parks and open spaces in Hampshire
1582:Loch Lomond and The Trossachs
1191:"South Downs National Park agreed"
515:Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
25:
1544:South Pennines Regional Park
1219:. Natural England. Archived from
1136:South Downs National Park Inquiry
1114:See discussion in Brandon, Peter
930:The chalk escarpment reaches the
1621: (Bannau Brycheiniog; 1957)
1011:for dwellings. Similar areas in
807:The South Downs National Park's
65:
50:
44:V (protected landscape/seascape)
1714:International Dark Sky Reserves
1416:National Park Authority website
148:
600:International Dark Sky Reserve
1:
1709:Dark-sky preserves in England
800:. The park also includes the
56:View of the South Downs from
896:The chalk was formed in the
802:Queen Elizabeth Country Park
1400:Campaign for National Parks
996:include numerous layers of
1730:
1704:Environment of West Sussex
1694:Environment of East Sussex
860:
361:(Bannau Brycheiniog; 1957)
137:11.2 km (7.0 mi)
1669:National parks in England
1634:
1342:South Downs National Park
1317:South Downs National Park
421:South Downs National Park
64:
49:
39:
35:South Downs National Park
1674:Environment of Hampshire
1367:Retrieved 6 October 2009
1338:"Senior Leadership Team"
919:, resulted in a classic
554:New Forest National Park
129:140 km (87 mi)
1158:19 October 2007 at the
909:Weald-Artois Anticline
879:
853:
851:Litlington White Horse
840:Long Man of Wilmington
836:Litlington White Horse
777:
674:
623:
1140:Planning Inspectorate
976:The chalk is a white
911:, caused by the same
870:
848:
775:
668:
620:Belle Tout Lighthouse
613:
1394:19 July 2007 at the
632:Environment Act 1995
540:on 27 January 2003.
423:is England's newest
1613:Pembrokeshire Coast
1267:. BBC. 1 April 2011
1065:Butser Ancient Farm
794:East Hampshire AONB
679:St Catherine's Hill
583:and the village of
519:East Hampshire AONB
498:Sir Arthur Hobhouse
352:Pembrokeshire Coast
166:Governing body
106: /
1423:, archived in 2010
1313:"Meet our Members"
1245:. BBC. 10 May 2016
880:
854:
804:near Petersfield.
778:
675:
624:
573:Secretary of State
530:Countryside Agency
82:South East England
1651:
1650:
1432:South Downs Trust
1427:Visit South Downs
1009:building material
798:Sussex Downs AONB
727:Brighton and Hove
669:A view west from
523:Sussex Downs AONB
417:
416:
197:UK National Parks
191:
190:
16:(Redirected from
1721:
1625:North East Wales
1563:Mourne Mountains
1555:Northern Ireland
1502:North York Moors
1461:
1454:
1447:
1438:
1403:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1261:
1255:
1254:
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1250:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1223:on 27 March 2010
1213:
1207:
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1204:
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1173:
1167:
1149:
1143:
1133:
1127:
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1099:
1093:
1092:
1081:
990:coccolithophores
614:The headland of
521:in 1962 and the
409:
402:
395:
365:North East Wales
296:Mourne Mountains
289:Northern Ireland
231:North York Moors
193:
187:
184:
182:
180:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
111:
110:50.911°N 0.367°W
107:
104:
103:
102:
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80:United Kingdom (
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54:
32:
21:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1664:IUCN Category V
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1630:
1593:
1568:
1549:
1508:Yorkshire Dales
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1396:Wayback Machine
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1344:
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1321:
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1306:
1296:
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1293:on 8 April 2011
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1197:. 31 March 2009
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1160:Wayback Machine
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1116:The South Downs
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1040:Greensand Ridge
1036:Lower Greensand
1034:, incised into
932:English Channel
898:Late Cretaceous
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821:Greensand Ridge
689:in the west to
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534:Natural England
482:Vaughan Cornish
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457:South Downs Way
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1609:(Eryri; 1951)
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1359:
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1137:
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1129:
1125:
1124:1-86077-069-X
1121:
1117:
1111:
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1104:
1098:
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1091:. April 2012.
1090:
1086:
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1049:
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1007:as well as a
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944:Seven Sisters
941:
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918:
914:
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899:
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873:Seven Sisters
869:
864:
856:
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847:
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841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
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814:
813:western Weald
810:
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764:
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743:western Weald
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736:
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719:Littlehampton
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634:; these are:
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566:western Weald
563:
557:
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453:western Weald
450:
446:
445:Seven Sisters
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:national park
422:
410:
405:
403:
398:
396:
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384:are proposed.
383:
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348:(Eryri; 1951)
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319:The Trossachs
315:
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297:
294:
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285:
284:
276:
275:Regional Park
271:
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256:
253:
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247:
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238:
235:
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229:
226:
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219:Lake District
217:
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213:Peak District
211:
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68:
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59:
53:
48:
43:
42:IUCN category
38:
33:
30:
19:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1537:
1384:
1372:
1345:. Retrieved
1341:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1316:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:the original
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1259:
1249:16 September
1247:. Retrieved
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:the original
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1171:
1163:
1162:which said "
1147:
1131:
1115:
1110:
1102:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1060:Wiston House
1032:River Rother
1025:
1015:include the
975:
952:
948:last ice age
929:
895:
881:
832:hill figures
829:
806:
787:
783:
779:
776:Hilltop view
745:, including
715:Bognor Regis
676:
671:Devil's Dyke
656:
652:
644:
627:
625:
597:
589:
570:
558:
542:
527:
507:
505:preserved".
501:
493:
486:World War II
470:
420:
418:
381:
377:
266:
153:1 April 2010
58:Devil's Dyke
29:
1538:South Downs
1389:South Downs
1017:North Downs
1005:stone tools
978:sedimentary
940:Beachy Head
825:Butser Hill
747:Petersfield
703:Southampton
699:East Sussex
691:Beachy Head
616:Beachy Head
593:Petersfield
577:Hilary Benn
449:Beachy Head
441:South Downs
437:East Sussex
433:West Sussex
267:South Downs
181:.southdowns
150:Established
113: /
89:Coordinates
1658:Categories
1588:Cairngorms
1532:New Forest
1526:The Broads
1227:5 December
1071:References
1044:Weald Clay
986:coccoliths
936:Eastbourne
925:escarpment
917:weathering
739:Eastbourne
711:Chichester
707:Portsmouth
695:Eastbourne
683:Winchester
550:High Court
474:Peacehaven
325:Cairngorms
261:New Forest
255:The Broads
161:16 million
98:50°54′40″N
1607:Snowdonia
1398:from the
1138:from the
1048:Haslemere
1046:south of
1021:Chilterns
817:Blackdown
687:Hampshire
661:Geography
585:Ditchling
429:Hampshire
346:Snowdonia
101:0°22′01″W
1574:Scotland
1528:‡ (1988)
1496:Dartmoor
1392:Archived
1201:31 March
1195:BBC News
1156:Archived
1089:BBC News
1054:See also
1019:and the
984:plates (
959:Cuckmere
934:west of
913:orogenic
905:Cenozoic
887:downland
838:and the
759:Petworth
755:Midhurst
731:Newhaven
723:Worthing
510:downland
500:'s 1947
310:Scotland
257:‡ (1988)
225:Dartmoor
158:Visitors
77:Location
1476:England
1347:15 June
1322:15 June
1297:5 April
1271:1 April
1013:Britain
1001:nodules
982:calcite
857:Geology
763:Arundel
735:Seaford
693:, near
467:History
206:England
174:Website
1615:(1952)
1590:(2003)
1584:(2002)
1540:(2010)
1534:(2005)
1522:(1956)
1516:(1954)
1514:Exmoor
1510:(1954)
1504:(1952)
1498:(1951)
1492:(1951)
1486:(1951)
1153:letter
1122:
994:strata
992:. The
942:, the
921:cuesta
834:, the
792:, the
673:valley
354:(1952)
327:(2003)
321:(2002)
269:(2010)
263:(2005)
251:(1956)
245:(1954)
243:Exmoor
239:(1954)
233:(1952)
227:(1951)
221:(1951)
215:(1951)
126:Length
1599:Wales
1028:Weald
998:flint
955:Weald
901:epoch
891:Weald
884:chalk
767:Lewes
681:near
581:Lewes
532:(now
339:Wales
134:Width
1349:2024
1324:2024
1299:2011
1273:2011
1251:2019
1229:2009
1203:2009
1120:ISBN
1042:and
971:Arun
969:and
967:Adur
963:Ouse
871:The
849:The
796:and
765:and
757:and
751:Liss
737:and
717:and
447:and
435:and
419:The
183:.gov
142:Area
697:in
685:in
185:.uk
179:www
1660::
1357:^
1340:.
1315:.
1193:.
1182:^
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1050:.
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973:.
965:,
961:,
842:.
769:.
753:,
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733:,
729:,
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713:,
709:,
705:,
575:,
556:.
548:a
431:,
1643:†
1639:‡
1627:†
1565:†
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1460:e
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1326:.
1301:.
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1253:.
1231:.
1205:.
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1142:.
1126:.
622:.
472:(
408:e
401:t
394:v
382:†
378:‡
367:†
298:†
277:†
84:)
20:)
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