South Eastern Railway (England)

1216: 2023: 893:(L&SWR) regarded this line as a significant incursion into their areas of operation. Likewise the acquisition of a line so remote from its main area of operation, and of doubtful profitability, caused heated discussion and the resignation of several directors, who felt that the company should rather secure its territory and develop services in Kent, as the LB&SCR was doing in Sussex. It would also ultimately bring about Macgregor's downfall. Nevertheless, in 1858 the GWR, L&SWR, and SER made a three-year agreement to share traffic and provide a connecting line between their stations at Reading. The line now (2015) forms part of the 48: 186: 1581: 829: 796: 768:(sometimes spelled McGregor or M'Gregor) to a new post combining the roles of Chairman and Managing Director. He exercised absolute power over the company for the next nine years, until he was ultimately forced to resign in 1854 and leave the Board in 1855. Macgregor's lack of accountability, his opaque and at times dubious working methods led to a number of strategic errors in the building of new lines and in the company's relations with its neighbours, which would have an adverse impact on the company for decades to come. 1160:, together with local receipts to Dover and Folkestone. It then re-allocated them to a formula which gave the SER two-thirds of the receipts in 1863, gradually reducing to one half in 1872. The agreement appeared to unduly favour the LCDR, particularly after 1870. It did not prevent competition as the railways could claim additional funds from the pool if they carried more than their proportion of customers. Both companies sought to get round the agreement – the LCDR by establishing a Continental service from 68: 1109:, extra platforms were needed to accommodate the service. The platforms were treated by the LB&SCR as a separate station, named "New Croydon", with its own ticket office, and ran exclusively LB&SCR services. This enabled the railway to offer cheaper fares from New Croydon to London than the SER which only had use of East Croydon station. The SER responded by gaining parliamentary approval to build its own 76: 973:, was rejected by Parliament in 1847 due to financial considerations and never resurrected. One group of SER directors were anxious to 'close the capital account' and build no more lines, even though this might leave the field open to rival projects, as would later prove to be the case. As a result, there was no planned service to the north Kent towns to the east of the 938:

expansion by the SER. Under this agreement the LB&SCR, would share the line from Bulverhythe to Hastings and transfer to the SER its rights to build a line to Ashford but at the same time it retained the right to use the Bricklayers Arms branch and construct its own 15-acre (61,000 m) goods depot on the site for a rent of one shilling (£0.05) per year.

2174:. In the latter month the pool was also joined by the L&BR. However all three railways felt themselves disadvantaged by the arrangement and in October 1844 the SER gave notice six months notice of withdrawal, which was later extended until 31 January 1846. The existing locomotives and carriages, and those on order, were divided between the three companies. 1830: 906:

L&BR and L&CR to form the LB&SCR in July 1846 created a powerful rival to the SER in areas of east Sussex and east Surrey not yet connected to the railway. Relations between the two companies were bad from the outset, especially at those sites where they shared facilities, such as the approaches to London Bridge,

2067:

were missing on the viaduct. As the lead vehicles left the line, the impact on the remaining beams caused the cast iron girders below to fracture, and most of the following vehicles left the viaduct and ended up in the River Beult some 15 feet (4.6 m) below. The foreman was indicted and convicted of

2210:

which enabled locomotives to burn cheaper coal without smoke, but were considerably more expensive to build and maintain. Cudworth also provided several sound locomotive types for the railway, but resigned in 1876 after Sir Edward Watkin ordered 20 express locomotives against Cudworth's wishes, which

1469:

along this route in 1865, but its involvement had been opposed by the SER as being contrary to their agreement, and the scheme was abandoned during the 1867 financial crisis. However, following a revised agreement, the scheme was revived as a joint venture. Beyond Oxted the LB&SCR linked with its

1416:

branch line on 9 October 1874. The LCDR went bankrupt and was taken into administration 12 July 1866, and in 1867 the LB&SCR was also on the brink of bankruptcy. The directors and shareholders saw that constant quarrelling between the three companies had damaged their interests and began talks to

941:

The 1848/9 agreement did not prevent further squabbling between the two companies, notably with the opening of the railway from Ashford to Hastings in 1851. The LB&SCR had originally sought to build it and then had attempted to delay its completion by the SER. In retaliation, the SER attempted to

507:

During 1843, before the main line was complete, the SER and the L&CR became anxious about the charges imposed by the L&GR for the use of the terminus at London Bridge and its approaches. Parliament had relaxed restrictions on new railways into London and so SER sought authority to construct a

1038:

over the SER line into London: instead the SER reluctantly agreed to handle London traffic from the line. Many SER directors were convinced the line would never be built, or would go bankrupt, and so took no interest in the scheme or in suggestions that the line should amalgamate with their railway.

2247:

tender classes. However his determination to maintain standardisation meant that the introduction of larger locomotives was delayed too long and the SER locomotive fleet was underpowered by 1899. As a result, future SE&CR locomotive practice was based on developing LCDR rather than SER designs.

1534:

interests are sacrificed to Continental traffic.' Hamilton Ellis later described both the SER and the LCDR at this time as 'bywords of poverty stricken inefficiency and dirtiness'. In spite of these criticisms the shareholders stuck with their chairman, until they eventually realised that their own

1069:

A further serious strategic mistake was the refusal of the SER to accept the terms of the contract for the cross-channel carriage of mails in 1862, as this stipulated the use of Dover rather than Folkestone. This enabled the LCDR, which had only reached Dover in 1861, to secure the contract and the

1843:

During the early 1890s competition between the SER and the LCDR reached ruinous proportions with both companies offering nearly identical services to and from the same towns, which inevitably lost money for both companies. However, following the resignation of Watkin in 1894, relations between the

1017:

the company Secretary as 'not so much business as speech-making, that seemed to be the work of the Board.' It was during this period that there was a continuing failure to deal with underlying problems in the company, and its relationships with its neighbours together with further strategic errors

905:

During the first years, relations between the SER, L&CR and L&BR were cordial, with the companies pooling locomotives and forming a joint locomotive committee. However, all three considered they were disadvantaged by this arrangement and in 1845 gave notice of withdrawal. The merger of the

491:

station on 7 February 1844. This was originally a terminus, but in 1860 the line was continued to Admiralty Pier. Thereafter the SER concentrated most of its resources into developing Folkestone Harbour, which became its principal base for cross-channel ferries. The company had complete control of

2066:

and her mother at the front of the train in a first-class carriage, which escaped complete derailment when the locomotive and tender left the track as a result of repairs to the line. Timber baulks under the track were being replaced but the foreman mis-read the timetable, and two lengths of rail

1552:

Some of the complaints of unpunctuality of the SER may have been exaggerated, or were at least soon remedied after Watkin's departure, since a statistical survey of the company's services conducted in 1895 by William Acworth found that, with the exception of the heavily congested and difficult to

1421:

was presented to Parliament to allow for co-operative working of railways of southern England (the SER, the LCDR, the LB&SCR and the L&SWR). However this failed at a late stage when Parliament sought to limit the fares charged by the SER to those of the LB&SCR, and the SER withdrew. A

1801:

As mentioned above, the line from London Bridge to Charing Cross and Cannon Street was particularly congested and difficult to operate. During the early 1890s the SER was actively considering extending the Bricklayers Arms branch into Charing Cross and Cannon Street as a means of relieving this

1940:

One area where the SER did fail compared with the LB&SCR and the L&SWR was in developing effective services to the rapidly growing suburbs of south east London. This was probably due to an unwillingness to generate even more traffic through the very restricted entry pathway into London

1086:. The SER refused to allow the line to be leased to the LB&SCR, which in turn refused to re-open its station, delayed opening of the line for a year, and made the Caterham company bankrupt. The SER took over the line in 1859, but the LB&SCR made life difficult for passengers to London. 937:

Unsuccessful discussions took place regarding a merger of the two companies, but eventually an agreement on 10 July 1848 (ratified in Parliament in 1849) abolished tolls for using each other's lines and prevented further eastward expansion by the LB&SCR beyond Hastings and westward further

535:

of that railway. Thereafter further developments were at London Bridge, and following a shunting accident during August 1850 which caused the collapse of a large part of the station roof, the SER closed Bricklayers Arms terminus to passenger traffic in 1852 converting it into a goods facility.

1544:

the Company is now almost too weak to turn round and adopt a wise policy. It might become bankrupt in the process ; so the best thing to do is to leave it severely alone. Just as none travel by it who can find another route, so none should touch its common stocks who are free to do

2182:

The SER owned fifteen locomotives and had a further eleven on order at the formation of the 'London & Croydon and South Eastern Railways Joint Committee' in 1842. Ten locomotives were built by this committee, and a further 45 were either built or ordered by the enlarged

1539:

for June 1894 demonstrated how poorly Watkin's railways had performed financially compared to others, and referred to the SER's 'bitter hatred towards all but first-class travellers, their determined cultivation of the art of running empty coaches'. The article finished,

736:

and a single track railway had been added to form the Gravesend and Rochester Railway. The SER offered to buy the canal and railway in 1845, filled in the canal through the Higham to Strood tunnel and doubled the track. The first section (built by the SER) connected

942:

deny LB&SCR access to its station at Hastings. The matter was resolved in court in favour of the LB&SCR, but victory was short-lived as the following year the SER opened its lines from Tunbridge Wells, reducing the distance by rail to Hastings from London.

1945:

and London Bridge. The SER did however have the advantage of taking commuters far closer to the centres of business and commerce at Charing Cross and Cannon Street, whereas the LB&SCR and LS&WR deposited them south of the river Thames at London Bridge and

1529:

in London in 1883 demonstrated how unpopular the railway had become with its regular commuters. Ernest Foxwell, also writing in 1883, stated 'The great blots on the South Eastern are its unpunctuality, its fares, its third class carriages, and the way in which

388:

and Redhill. The SER gave way to this proposal as it reduced the construction costs, although it resulted in a route 20 miles (32 km) longer than by road, running south for 14.5 miles (23 km) and then turning east. It also meant that its trains from

1798:, in spite of public pressure in the 1880s. This line was eventually built as a private concern in 1895, and it was only after the original investors had gone bankrupt and Watkin had retired that the SER eventually agreed to incorporate it into its system. 1888:

Prior to 1862 the company carried international postal traffic. However, in 1862 they refused to renew the contract as it stipulated the Dover-Calais rather than the SER's preferred Folkestone-Boulogne route. As a result, the contract went to the LCDR.

1124:

Relations with the LB&SCR reached a low point in 1863, when the general manager and secretary had to report the history of relations between the companies since the agreement of 1848–9. This set out the history although from the SER perspective.

1897:. Prior to that most freight on the system had either been products imported through the Channel ports, or else locally developed freight, such as farm produce travelling to London. The principal freight depot on the system was at Bricklayers Arms. 1813:. The line as far as Chipstead and Kingswood were built by the Chipstead Valley Railway from 1893 and opened in 1897. The extension to Tattenham Corner was built by the Epsom Downs Extension Railway from 1894. Both companies were acquired by the 417:

by 7 February 1844. On the same day the SER offered to lease the L&BR for 21 years at £100,000 per year, but the offer was turned down. Later that year, the SER refunded to the L&BR £430,000 and took ownership of the southern half of the

4541: 1867:

The quality of service of the SE&CR and the level of public estimation of its two constituent railways increased considerably during the next thirty-five years. The SER was however abolished on 1 January 1923 under the terms of the

1769:

Unlike the neighbouring LB&SCR, the SER failed to capitalise on the rapidly growing population of the South London suburbs during the 1870s and 1880s, and to develop effective suburban services. In particular, the area between the

2218:

was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer on 28 March 1878. He modernised the locomotive stock and was responsible for the building or acquisition of 401 locomotives. Stirling designed some good quality locomotive classes, notably his

1817:., but the line to Tattenham Corner was not completed until 1901, after the working agreement with the LCDR. This line was in the territory of the LB&SCR but provided the railway with access to a proportion of the lucrative 1802:

congestion, but deferred making any decision to do so and ultimately the idea was dropped following the operating agreement with the LCDR in 1899, which provided the new 'joint railway' with two further pathways into London.

4534: 4778: 1892:

It was not until after the formation of the SECR Management Committee in 1899 that the company began to take the development of its freight traffic seriously, with the ordering of a powerful new freight

1407:

on 10 May 1866 and the subsequent financial crisis during the following year. This had a severe effect on expansion plans of several railways. No new lines were built by the SER until the opening of the

4527: 1761:. The branch line only had a twenty-year life-span as the stations were less conveniently sited than the LCDR alternatives. The LCDR main line was however re-aligned after 1911 to use the newer bridge. 1853: 4715: 2093:

killed three passengers. This accident also involved the LB&SCR signalman and was later judged to be partly the result of signalling error and poor communication, as well as the SER driver.

1639:

During the 1870s and the 1880s the railway attempted to exploit the potential of the East Kent coast as both holiday destinations and potential new channel ports. Thus branches were built from

1958:

The SER served an area with a long coastline within easy travelling distance of London. During the 1860s the railway was an important factor in the development of holiday destinations such as

253: 2166:

of the railway was pooled with that of its neighbour and operated by the 'London & Croydon and South Eastern Railways Joint Committee'. The locomotives were then under the supervision of

401:

Construction began in 1838 at several places simultaneously, and the Shakespeare Tunnel was complete by May 1841 . The L&BR line to Redhill opened on 12 July 1841 and the SER line from

4845: 516:, 'the making of Bricklayers Arms station was a matter of compulsion in driving the Greenwich people to reasonable terms'. Plans to extend from Bricklayers Arms to a new SER terminus at 1058:(LCDR) in 1859 and completed its rival route to Dover on 22 July 1861. By July 1863 the LCDR had its own independent route to Victoria, and in 1864 its own terminus on the edge of the 4850: 244:

There had been proposals for a railway between London and Dover in 1825, 1832 and 1835, but they came to nothing due to opposition from landowners or the difficulties of bridging the

2199:

was not added to stock. Between 1846 and 1898 the SER built or purchased 775 locomotives. Of these, 459 were running on 31 December 1898 when they were handed over to the SE&CR.

4621: 1501:, the first phase of which opened on 7 July 1881. Authorisation for line was first obtained in 1864, but no progress had been made by 1876, when local inhabitants sponsored a 877:

In 1846 the SER supported the formation of the Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway, a scheme to build a line connecting the London to Brighton main line at Redhill with the

2187:. The SER received 67 of these existing locomotives at the dissolution of the latter committee in 1846. Having decided to withdraw from the locomotive pool, the SER appointed 1880:

Throughout its independent existence, the SER was primarily a passenger rather than a freight railway, with passenger receipts accounting for more than 72% of its revenues.

1525:

During the 1880s and 1890s the SER was accused of only caring about Continental travellers and of neglecting the interests of its other customers. A series of letters to

4891: 4657: 1668: 2191:

as Locomotive Superintendent on 22 May 1845. Four locomotives were acquired from the 'Gravesend and Rochester Railway in 1847, seven from the L&GR in 1848, but the

1553:

operate lines between London Bridge and Cannon Street and Charing Cross, the company did not perform significantly worse than others in London in terms of timekeeping.

4304: 287: 544:

Over the next two decades the SER system spread throughout Kent and Surrey, building lines to connect towns to its main line or acquiring those already in existence.

4871: 1425:

Watkin had long-term ambitions for the SER to become one link in a chain of 'Watkin' railways from the industrial north of England to the Continent via a proposed

4886: 1392: 970: 677: 557: 464:

from 1839 to 1844. From 1844 on, he was master of three vessels which steamed from Dover and Folkestone to Boulogne, Calais and Ostend with passengers and cargo:

989:

were circuitous and other towns had no railway at all. As a result of the railway's unwillingness to act, plans for an independent line from the SER station at

302:(L&GR) at Greenwich. The former left London in the wrong direction and then on a roundabout route. The latter provided a useful way for a northern route via 1215: 393:

passed over the lines of three other companies: the L&GR to Corbett's Lane Junction, the L&CR as far as 'Jolly Sailor', and the L&BR to Merstham.

150:(LCDR) to the north-east. However, in 1899 the SER agreed with the LCDR to share operation of the two railways, work them as a single system (marketed as the 4826: 4347: 1376: 2121:. A ballast train had divided in a tunnel, and an express passenger train was allowed to enter due to an error by a signalman. Five platelayers were killed. 1982:

In May 1844 the SER organised the first of seven rail and ferry excursions that year from London to Boulogne which together carried more than 2,000 people.

1706:. However, there was by then already an LCDR line from Canterbury to Dover and so the new line did not attract much traffic. Likewise on 1 October 1892 the 357:. This was less direct than the northerly route but passed through easier country. It involved one significant 1,387-yard (1,268 m) tunnel through the 2184: 2128:

at the eastern end of Martello Tunnel brought down some 60,000 cubic yards (46,000 m) of chalk, killing three men. The line was closed for two months.

1297:

and Sevenoaks. The latter was the longest tunnel in southern England at 3,451 yards (3,156 m). This cut-off line, 24 miles (39 km) long, reached

4901: 4805: 1353: 556:, which had opened in 1830. This continued to be worked as an isolated line until the SER reached Canterbury from Ashford in 1846, with its line to 499:

In 1848 the SER served two steam ships a day between Folkestone and Boulogne, one a day between Dover and Calais, and one between Dover and Ostend.

4896: 143: 2026:

Borough Market Junction signal box, a South Eastern Railway Type design on display outside the station hall at the National Railway Museum, York.

1195:

In 1860 the LCDR had a more direct route to Dover than the SER, and both the company's rivals had access to a London terminus in the prosperous

1013:

Following Macgregor's resignation in 1854, there followed a decade of factionalism among the directors and equally poor management, described by

4709: 4689: 1603: 1018:

which weakened what might otherwise have been a profitable enterprise. One nickname for the SER in the 1860s was the Rattle and Smash Railway.

841: 358: 208: 40: 4178: 4159: 4140: 3584: 681: 661: 2022: 384:

would be built by the L&BR but the SER would have the right to refund half the construction costs and own that part of the line between

4590: 1042:

In 1856 the EKR again unsuccessfully sought running powers over the SER into London, and then obtained powers to build its own route via

592:

Leasing the London and Greenwich Railway from 1 January 1845 gave the company control of its main line into London and provided a branch

154:) and pool receipts: but it was not a full amalgamation. The SER and LCDR remained separate companies until becoming constituents of the 1445:

One result of improved relations between the SER and the LB&SCR during the 1870s was that the two collaborated in construction of a

4109:

Foxwell, Ernest (September 1883). "English Express Trains: Their Average Speed, &c., with Notes on Gradients, Long Runs, &c".

3984: 2035:

The SER did not have a good safety record with a large number of both major and minor accidents throughout its independent existence.

1466: 1082:, which was built by an independent company in SER territory but connected to the railway network at the former LB&SCR station at 481: 368:(L&BR) during 1837, pressure was put on the SER to divert its proposed route so it could also share the L&BR mainline between 1505:

their own bill, forcing the hand of the SER. In the event only the first phase (from Dunton Green to Westerham) was built, leaving a

4815: 4810: 4747: 4333: 4321: 4288: 4247: 4228: 4206: 2196: 1861: 1838: 1357: 1055: 553: 488: 151: 147: 120: 47: 930:

from the L&BR. Matters were further complicated in 1846 when the SER was empowered to build a line from its existing branch at

2050:. The locomotive and tender ran across the timber baulks to reach the far side, but the carriages were derailed and fell into the 4800: 4762: 4757: 4579: 4519: 2097: 1810: 1754: 1660: 1585: 1266: 1098: 890: 882: 833: 800: 525: 509: 423: 369: 342: 249: 190: 155: 4881: 4694: 2772: 1947: 1758: 1703: 1699: 1664: 1475: 1422:

further attempt to merge the SER and LCDR in 1875 failed when the latter withdrew after shareholders felt it favoured the SER.

1169: 1094: 1051: 931: 633: 477: 2215: 434:

In 1843, when the railway reached the edge of Folkestone, the company bought the silted and nearly derelict harbour, built by

2421: 2171: 1471: 923: 753: 406: 291: 957:

Between 1844 and 1858, the SER had a monopoly of rail transport in Kent, but served the north of the county poorly. The SER

1864:(SE&CR). This was not a true merger since each company kept its individual board of directors within the organisation. 2475: 2136: 1450: 1259: 1239: 1219: 1204: 1184: 1114: 1047: 733: 390: 4485: 1387:

This period of factionalism was eventually ended with the appointment of a new and able Chairman in March 1866. This was

954:, which ultimately led to the creation of an important rival in northern Kent and also for the Continental rail traffic. 2090: 1490: 1317: 1251: 1243: 1102: 1063: 1043: 1030:(EKR) from Strood to Canterbury, proposed in 1850 achieved parliamentary approval in 1853, and also for an extension to 907: 299: 116: 1375:

and Liverpool Street from April 1880 until March 1884. From March to September 1884 the service ran from Addiscombe to

1273:

and Charing Cross, with interchange of traffic, but the scheme was abandoned as a result of the 1867 financial crisis.

4772: 2767: 2762: 1795: 1791: 1404: 1231: 919: 601: 365: 2697: 1994:

to transport large numbers of working-class Londoners to towns and villages in Kent and East Sussex for the season.

2715: 2595: 2282: 2118: 2104: 1814: 1783: 1372: 1141: 1118: 1066:. For 36 years it would be an important competitor of the SER both for Continental and also local traffic in Kent. 440: 330: 31: 496:

and the local town council, and the rail route from Boulogne to Paris was better developed than that from Calais.

203:

An Act for making a Railway from the London and Croydon Railway to Dover, to be called "The Southeastern Railway."

4699: 2671: 2264: 2188: 2132: 1684: 1498: 1479: 994: 721: 597: 512:, for use by both railways, removing the need to use the Greenwich Railway. This opened 1 May 1844. According to 402: 1089:

The SER objected to the LB&SCR agreement with the East Kent Railway to provide access over its lines to its

520:, nearer the centre of London, were rejected by Parliament. Similarly, a revised proposal to extend the line to 290:

had said no further pathways would be permitted. The SER therefore considered routes to Dover from the proposed

4876: 2613: 2443: 2150: 2143: 1734: 1691:

in opposition to the existing LB&SCR service to the town.) However this line was not completed until 1902.

1652: 1640: 1631: 1514: 1483: 1313: 1172:

on the edge of Folkestone, which it claimed was not part of Folkestone, and from which it charged lower fares.

1153: 927: 742: 738: 717: 685: 653: 609: 2131:

7 June 1884 – A double-headed freight train ran into the rear of another freight train at Tub's Hill station,

1262:, which opened 1 September 1866. These extensions were difficult to operate and were congested at peak times. 869: 2631: 2577: 2541: 2523: 2359: 2139:

signalman was charged with causing their deaths. The trains were being worked under the time interval system.

236: 4030:

The South Eastern Railway: its passenger services, rolling stock, locomotives, gradients, and express speeds

2559: 2111: 1749:

Probably the most wasteful competitive venture by the SER was a second bridge over the river Medway between

1157: 1106: 911: 689: 281: 132: 3675:"Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Reading on 12th September 1855 :: The Railways Archive" 2505: 1097:

station (see below), and also for handling that company's freight traffic at 'Willow Walk', (a part of the

115:

and other places in Kent. The SER absorbed or leased other railways, some older than itself, including the

2487: 2207: 2055: 1913: 1818: 1806: 1787: 1750: 1400: 1270: 1180: 1083: 990: 962: 725: 581: 453: 3687: 3579:

Christian Wolmar, Fire and steam: a new history of the railways in Britain, London, Atlantic Books, 2007

2377: 1844:

two companies gradually improved under his successors Sir George Russell (1895) and, most notably, under

4704: 4684: 4679: 4641: 4626: 4601: 4568: 4384: 4102:

Report of the General Manager and Secretary of the relations of the South Eastern and Brighton Companies

2737: 2403: 2202:

Under Cudworth the railway was the largest British user of the experimental and ultimately unsuccessful

1848:(1897). Bonsor managed to persuade the two boards of governors to see sense and from 1 January 1899 the 1593: 1454: 1349: 1223: 1176: 878: 629: 531:

The L&GR was nearly bankrupt in 1844 and the SER leased its line from 1 January 1845. It became the

521: 198: 60: 4484: 2461: 1932:

and Continental passenger traffic at the expense of its local services in Kent and the London suburbs.

950:

Macgregor's greatest strategic mistake was his failure to address the concerns of the proposers of the

749: 2653: 2337: 1305:

and Sevenoaks (2 March 1868). The new main line opened on 1 May 1868 when the line reached Tonbridge.

4343: 2270: 2258: 2192: 2167: 1695: 1648: 1409: 1396: 1361: 1070:

following year would give it leverage when it came to negotiating the Continental Traffic Agreement.

982: 765: 701: 4493: 2203: 2011: 1502: 1434: 1418: 645: 142:

Much of the company's early history saw attempts at expansion and feuding with its neighbours; the

816:

Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway (Connection with London and South Western Railway) Act 1849

4737: 4479:

Parliamentary Archives, Book of Reference relating to Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway Bill

4298: 3746: 3732: 3700: 3651: 3606: 3471:

C. Hamilton Ellis, British Railway History, Vol.1. 1830–1876, George Allen and Unwin, 1954, p.41.

2007: 1967: 1775: 1598:

An Act for conferring further powers on the South Eastern Railway Company and for other purposes.

1371:

The line was principally used for freight across London but the SER introduced a service between

1309: 1196: 569: 419: 136: 4478: 422:. Trains ran toll-free to both companies on this stretch but still had pay on the L&CR from 2107:

killed 11 people. An express train ran into the rear of a stationary train due to driver error.

286:

At the time of inauguration there were two potential rail pathways south from London, and the

4651: 4631: 4460: 4409:

Statement of the projects of the South-Eastern Railway Company before Parliament, session 1847

4353: 4329: 4284: 4243: 4224: 4202: 4174: 4155: 4136: 3580: 2887: 1869: 1368:. Over the next four years it was converted to railway use and connected with existing lines. 1235: 1183:

from its line near Gravesend to a new port on the across the Medway from Queenborough, called

1136:. Following the dispute with the LB&SCR over New Croydon (see below) an extension of this 1133: 1027: 951: 918:, and the LB&SCR had inherited plans for a line into mid-Kent from the L&CR, and from 697: 517: 493: 315: 295: 39: 3674: 438:

in 1809, for £18,000. The SER dredged the harbour and, after a trial with the paddle steamer

4752: 2894:. Vol. VI. London: Groombridge, Weale, Wiley, Putnam, Galignani. July 1843. p. 253 2302: 1857: 1779: 1726: 1707: 1680: 1608: 1365: 1333: 1168:, which was outside the scope of the agreement. Similarly, the SER built a local station at 1050:. The EKR secured running powers over the LB&SCR lines into Pimlico and, after 1860, to 894: 886: 846: 665: 649: 513: 373: 265: 213: 3988: 3440:

Searle, MV (1983) Lost Lines: Anthology of Britain's Lost Railways, New Cavendish Books P43

3431:

Searle, MV (1983) Lost Lines: Anthology of Britain's Lost Railways, New Cavendish Books P42

1078:

A new and protracted dispute with the LB&SCR took place between 1855 and 1862 over the

4767: 4742: 4646: 4636: 4450: 2276: 2162:

Between March 1842, shortly before the SER began to run its services, and March 1844, the

2059: 1771: 1656: 1644: 1165: 1137: 1110: 1002: 958: 713: 693: 605: 456:

company to provide a ferry to Boulogne. The following year it established the independent

381: 307: 303: 104: 1486:. Authority for construction of these lines was granted in 1878 and they opened in 1884. 17: 4397: 67: 4514: 4454: 3617: 1917: 1852:

was formed to oversee joint working, with Bonsor as its chairman. On 5 August 1899 the

1688: 1426: 1247: 1059: 1035: 657: 593: 532: 435: 326: 314:, except that lengthening the line beyond Greenwich was blocked by opposition from the 2317:. In 1854 the SER took over the South Eastern & Continental Steam Packet Company. 508:

branch from Corbett's Lane to a new temporary passenger terminus and goods station at

4865: 4509: 2163: 1388: 1337: 1079: 1014: 748:

In 1852 a freight branch was constructed from this line at Charlton to the Thames at

641: 637: 621: 350: 52: 889:

was completed 4 July 1849, and in 1852 was absorbed by SER. Both the LB&SCR and

732:

on 30 July 1849. The second half between Gravesend and Strood had been built as the

4551: 3531: 2351: 2068: 2063: 1909: 1894: 1845: 1711: 1621: 1494: 1403:

in France. However his appointment was quickly followed by the collapse of bankers

1161: 974: 859: 656:

on 1 February 1852. By this time Hastings had already been reached by the SER in a

573: 245: 226: 4504: 1778:

became well populated at this time, but the SER was reluctant to build a proposed

712:

As the SER was prevented from extending its Greenwich line, it opened a secondary

3652:"Accident at Bricklayers Arms on 11th December 1844 :: The Railways Archive" 3612: 2206:

type with twenty examples built between 1847 and 1851. He also patented a double-

1928:

As mentioned above, the SER was accused during the 1880s of concentrating on its

1920:

was not discovered until 1890 and only developed in the early twentieth century.

4280: 2241: 2234: 2227: 2220: 2051: 2047: 1738: 1506: 1413: 1345: 1298: 1290: 319: 4456:

The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland Practically Described and Illustrated

4093:

Bradshaw's Railway Manual, Shareholder's Guide, and Official Directory for 1867

3613:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 1489:

As a part of the same scheme, the SER at last began to implement plans for the

752:, used for landing coal. A line opened on 18 June 1856 up the Medway valley to 4497: 4364: 2294: 2043: 2039: 1991: 1929: 1912:

provided some minerals traffic, but again it was only after the foundation of

1905: 1725:

Similarly the company also obtained Parliamentary Powers to build a line from

1513:(then still under construction) were never completed due to opposition in the 1510: 1446: 1430: 998: 986: 410: 354: 334: 311: 112: 79:

Railway lines in Kent, SER lines can be seen alongside LCDR, LBSCR, etc. lines

4464: 1509:

rather than a through route. The remaining four miles (6 km) to the new

1230:

The SER converted part of London Bridge to through platforms and extended to

4357: 4216: 2685: 1730: 1719: 1715: 1526: 1308:

Construction of the main line provided the opportunity to build an improved

1302: 1294: 1286: 1282: 1129: 625: 577: 460:, which it absorbed in 1853. James Broadbridge Monger was the master of the 377: 361:

near Dover. This was the route first chosen by the SER at its inauguration.

346: 333:(L&CR), which planned to use L&GR lines as far as Corbett's Lane in 2892:

The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal – Scientific and Railway Gazette

2074:

Other significant accidents involving multiple fatalities were as follows:

75: 4039:

Locomotive and train working in the latter part of the nineteenth century

2391: 2125: 1971: 1963: 1942: 1805:

One of the last branch lines to be incorporated into the SER was between

1152:

The SER and the LCDR agreed to pool Continental traffic receipts between

915: 600:. Further eastward extension was not possible due to opposition from the 449: 445: 385: 108: 2153:

due to incorrect use of signalling equipment, three persons were killed.

4427:

The London Brighton and South Coast Railway: 2 Establishment and growth

3733:"Accident at Chartham on 9th October 1894 :: The Railways Archive" 2314: 1959: 1462: 1341: 1090: 978: 966: 965:

into London had opened in 1849. A plan to continue this line as far as

380:. Under the scheme proposed by Parliament, the railway from Croydon to 338: 95:

from 1836 until 1922. The company was formed to construct a route from

92: 4075:

The Locomotives of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway. Part I

3747:"Accident at St Johns on 21st March 1898 :: The Railways Archive" 3688:

http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/eventsummary.php?eventID=2209Accident

2062:

narrowly avoided severe injury, or even death. He was travelling with

664:, which opened 13 February 1851. From this line was a short branch to 2645: 2310: 2306: 2083: 1901: 1321: 1255: 1200: 729: 405:

on 26 May 1842, when SER train services began. The main line reached

128: 96: 56: 4418:

The London Brighton and South Coast Railway: 1 Origins and formation

3701:"Accident at Chilham on 30th June 1858 :: The Railways Archive" 2038:

One of the most notable accidents occurred on 9 June 1865, when the

1833:

A sketch map of the SER at the time of the creation of the SE&CR

1199:

while the SER only had its terminal on the south side of the river

2395: 2298: 2244: 2237: 2230: 2223: 2021: 1829: 1828: 1214: 1031: 414: 100: 74: 66: 46: 38: 2010:

was installed throughout the SER by 1848. These were sold to the

426:

to Corbett's Lane Junction, and the L&GR into London Bridge.

272:, which shortly afterwards changed to the South Eastern Railway. 1429:. His plans for a Channel Tunnel were ultimately blocked by the 1332:

In 1865 the SER joined a consortium of six railways to form the

901:

Early relations with the London Brighton and South Coast Railway

604:, but it was eventually opened in 1878 when the line joined the 124: 4523: 4436:

A regional history of the railways of southern England: Vol. II

1860:

c. clxviii) was passed, which resulted in the formation of the

1242:

which opened on 11 January 1864. When the LCDR built a line to

1175:

Following establishment of a LCDR service from Queenborough to

3229:. No. 25282. London. 5 September 1865. col A, p. 10. 2014:

for £200,000 in 1870 (equivalent to £24,170,000 in 2023).

492:

Folkestone whereas at Dover it had to negotiate with both the

476:. In December 1848 it opened a steeply graded branch from the 364:

During parliamentary discussions on the proposed route of the

1854:

South Eastern and London, Chatham and Dover Railways Act 1899

1850:

South Eastern and Chatham Railways Joint Management Committee

1825:

South Eastern and Chatham Railways Joint Management Committee

131:

and the London suburbs, with a long cross-country route from

4728: 2078:

11 December 1844 the boiler explosion of locomotive No. 78

2293:

The South Eastern Railway operated a number of ships from

1101:

goods facility). Further difficulties between occurred at

1461:

in 1866 reduced services to and from the growing town of

4670: 4505:

The South Eastern & Chatham Railway Society (SECSOC)

2434:

Sold in 1882 to Barrow Steam Navigation Co Ltd, renamed

2096:

12 September 1855 – a collision between two trains near

1671:(19 June 1884). (In 1897 the SER obtained powers in the 1535:

interests were suffering as well. A scathing article in

4349:

Official Illustrated Guide to the South-Eastern Railway

4084:

The Locomotives of the London Chatham and Dover Railway

1517:

and the difficult terrain between Westerham and Oxted.

1132:

opened in 1857, becoming the temporary terminus of the

345:

could provide access to a southerly route to Dover via

4459:(2nd ed.). London: John Weale. pp. 405–413. 3028: 3026: 1437:, chairman of the LCDR for having urged the decision. 318:, and this route would involve tunnelling through the 4104:. McCorqudale & Co for the South Eastern Railway. 3418: 3416: 3040: 3038: 1222:

before it was built over with offices with the later

4846:

History of rail transport in Great Britain 1923–1947

3337: 3335: 1990:

By the 1870s, the South Eastern Railway was running

458:

South Eastern & Continental Steam Packet Company

4790: 4727: 4669: 4611: 3637: 3635: 3480:"'Progress' on the South-Eastern Railway'" (1894), 3016: 3014: 2873: 2871: 2825: 2823: 1630: 1620: 1615: 1602: 1592: 1566: 1465:. The LB&SCR had supported a plan to build the 1301:on 1 July 1865, but took three more years to reach 1105:in 1862. With completion of the LB&SCR line to 868: 858: 853: 840: 814: 781: 235: 225: 220: 207: 197: 171: 51:The South Eastern Railway's former headquarters in 4266:London Brighton & South Coast Railway (1867). 4048:The Board of Trade and the Kentish railway schemes 2933:Topham's railway time-table and guide (1848), p.7. 2929: 2927: 2146:due to an error by a crossing keeper killed seven. 1281:The SER therefore constructed the direct line via 914:. Also the SER had long wanted to build a line to 4014:. No. 23205. London. 29 May 1845. p. 7. 2114:due to a mechanical failure killed three persons. 2071:, and served 6 months hard labour for his crime. 1478:, while the SER joined its original main line to 1022:East Kent and London Chatham & Dover Railways 3532:"Epsom Downs Branch – Early History (1865–1928)" 3401:London Brighton & South Coast Railway (1867) 2135:. Both crew of the first train were killed. the 2082:caused a bridge collapse near Bricklayers Arms, 1916:in 1900 that this was developed. Similarly, the 32:Southeast (disambiguation) § Rail transport 4275:McRae, Burnham S.G., C.P.; et al. (1973). 2416:Sold in 1903 to British Central Africa Co Ltd. 2211:subsequently proved to have been unsuccessful. 783:Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway Act 1846 692:on 1 December 1846. A further branch from this 4326:A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers 1393:Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway 4612: 4535: 676:During 1846 the SER opened another secondary 632:opened 20 September 1845. It was extended to 71:Railways in the South East of England in 1840 8: 4303:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4188:Heap, Christine; van Riemdijk, John (1980). 4111:Journal of the Statistical Society of London 4086:. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. 4077:. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. 4068:. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. 4066:The Locomotives of the South Eastern Railway 3360:"Railway And Other Companies, East London". 2988:Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 1348:on the south. The other partners were: the 4379:. The Railway Publishing Company Ltd. 1912. 2185:Brighton, Croydon and Dover Joint Committee 1074:Continued bad relations with the LB&SCR 4851:List of companies involved in the grouping 4542: 4528: 4520: 1563: 1265:On 16 August 1866 the SER agreed with the 1179:in 1876, the SER was allowed to build the 885:, and agreed to operate its services. The 811: 778: 568:The first branch built by the SER was the 168: 4399:The autobiography of Samuel Smiles, LL. D 4259:The South Eastern Railway and the S.E.C.R 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3609:inflation figures are based on data from 2728:Sold in 1863 to a Belgian owner, renamed 2046:ran onto a partly dismantled bridge near 1647:, (opened 9 October 1874); from Dover to 1009:Factionalism and bad management 1854–1866 760:Early management of the company 1843–1855 636:on 25 November 1846. By 1 September 1851 91:) was a railway company in south-eastern 4892:Railway companies disestablished in 1923 4791: 4268:Report of the Committee of Investigation 4152:The South Eastern & Chatham Railways 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 2888:"A trip to Boulogne and back in one day" 2319: 1998:Communications, signalling and accidents 1683:c. ccxxvii) to build a branch line from 1354:London, Brighton and South Coast Railway 1211:Charing Cross and Cannon Street Stations 1001:were made following a public meeting at 341:. A new connection on this line near to 4328:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles Ltd. 4124:The London, Chatham & Dover Railway 2783: 1694:On 4 July 1887 the railway opened the 708:Gravesend and Strood Lines (North Kent) 552:In 1844 the SER took over the bankrupt 524:in 1846 was rejected by a committee of 144:London Brighton and South Coast Railway 123:. Most of the company's routes were in 4872:Pre-grouping British railway companies 4407:South-Eastern Railway Company (1847). 4296: 4100:Eborall, C.W.; Smiles, Samuel (1863). 772:Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway 4887:Railway companies established in 1836 4369:The South Eastern and Chatham Railway 4201:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. 3098:Heap & van Riemdijk (1980), p.70. 1632:Text of statute as originally enacted 1417:merge or to work together. In 1868 a 1399:, as well as being a director of the 1344:on the north bank of the Thames with 1277:Orpington cut-off & Dartford Loop 1187:. The line opened in September 1882. 870:Text of statute as originally enacted 540:Secondary main lines and branch lines 409:on 1 December 1842; the outskirts of 248:near its mouth. On 21 June 1836, the 237:Text of statute as originally enacted 7: 4389:History of the South Eastern Railway 4314:History of the Southern Railway: v.1 4261:. South Godstone: The Oakwood Press. 3453:, 20 Sep 25 Sep, and 8 October 1883. 2710:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1881. 2666:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1886. 2626:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1881. 2608:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1884. 2518:Acquired in 1854, scrapped in 1881. 2117:16 December 1864 – a collision near 1148:Continental Traffic Agreement (1863) 1093:station and later the jointly owned 764:In September 1845 the SER appointed 276:Choice of route from London to Dover 103:. Branch lines were later opened to 27:British pre-grouping railway company 4091:Bradshaw, George & Co. (1867). 3422:Heap and van Riemdijk (1980), p.72. 1659:, which opened 15 June 1881); from 1549:Watkin retired shortly afterwards. 548:Canterbury & Whitstable Railway 4806:London, Brighton & South Coast 4515:The London & Greenwich Railway 3813:Bradley (1963), pp. 43, and 44–53. 2142:9 October 1894 – a collision near 1497:on its new main line to Oxted via 1467:Surrey and Sussex Junction Railway 25: 4902:1923 disestablishments in England 4816:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 4811:London, Chatham and Dover Railway 4242:. Southborough: The Baton Press. 2197:Canterbury and Whitstable Railway 2110:30 June 1858 – a derailment near 1862:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 1839:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 1557:Later branches and proposed lines 1358:London, Chatham and Dover Railway 1056:London, Chatham and Dover Railway 1034:in 1855, but it failed to secure 616:Tunbridge Wells and Hastings Line 554:Canterbury and Whitstable Railway 444:, which also demonstrated that a 152:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 148:London, Chatham and Dover Railway 121:Canterbury and Whitstable Railway 43:The South Eastern Railway's crest 4510:The London & Croydon Railway 4402:. New York: E.P.Dutton & Co. 4391:. London: Railway Press Co. Ltd. 4010:"Launch of an Iron Steam-ship". 3987:. The Ships List. Archived from 1811:Tattenham Corner railway station 1586:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1579: 1389:Edward (later Sir Edward) Watkin 1324:. This opened 1 September 1866. 1267:London and North Western Railway 891:London and South Western Railway 834:Parliament of the United Kingdom 827: 801:Parliament of the United Kingdom 794: 672:Ramsgate, Margate and Deal Lines 510:Bricklayers Arms railway station 424:Norwood Junction railway station 250:Parliament of the United Kingdom 191:Parliament of the United Kingdom 184: 4057:Railways of the Southern Region 3985:"South Eastern Railway Company" 3350:Bradshaw (1867), Appendix p.17. 2773:Rail transport in Great Britain 1293:by summits and long tunnels at 376:, and then travel eastwards to 288:Speaker of the House of Commons 270:South Eastern and Dover Railway 4897:1836 establishments in England 4591:London, Midland & Scottish 4377:The Railway Year Book for 1912 4352:, London: W.H. Smith and Son, 4197:Hewison, Christian H. (1983). 4169:Greaves, John Neville (2008). 2089:21 August 1854 a collision at 1675:South Eastern Railway Act 1897 1568:South Eastern Railway Act 1897 1453:on the main Brighton line and 1269:to build a joint line between 1250:in 1865, the SER built a new 1121:), which opened 1 April 1864. 325:The engineer of the new line, 292:London and Southampton Railway 260:South Eastern Railway Act 1836 173:South Eastern Railway Act 1836 1: 4312:Dendy Marshall, C.F. (1963). 4190:Pre-grouping railways. Part 2 2969:South Eastern Railway (1847). 2149:21 March 1898 – Collision at 1391:who was also chairman of the 1383:Chairmanship of Edward Watkin 1260:Cannon Street railway station 1191:Improvements to the main line 1117:to a new station at Croydon ( 1048:Bromley South railway station 734:Gravesend and Rochester Canal 452:was feasible, arranged for a 430:Folkestone and Dover harbours 397:Construction of the main line 337:before turning south towards 268:. c. lxxv) incorporating the 4425:Turner, J.T. Howard (1978). 4416:Turner, J.T. Howard (1977). 4199:Locomotive Boiler Explosions 4171:Sir Edward Watkin, 1819-1901 3713:Nock (1961), pp. 85, 154–55. 3484:, XIV. June 1894, pp. 343–9. 2951:Dendy Marshall (1963) p. 32. 2091:East Croydon railway station 1244:Ludgate Hill railway station 1103:East Croydon railway station 1044:St Mary Cray railway station 688:with a branch from there to 572:on 24 September 1844, from 300:London and Greenwich Railway 146:(LBSCR) in the west and the 117:London and Greenwich Railway 4748:Glasgow & South Western 4277:The Rural Landscape of Kent 4223:. Redruth: Atlantic Books. 3690:at Lewisham on 28 June 1857 1718:was opened and extended to 1441:Oxted & Westerham Lines 1405:Overend, Gurney and Company 1289:. It involved crossing the 946:Closing the capital account 366:London and Brighton Railway 329:, was also engineer of the 4918: 4801:London & South Western 4763:London & North Western 4758:Lancashire & Yorkshire 4580:London & North Eastern 3293:Eborall and Smiles (1863). 2942:Turner (1977) pp. 192–204. 2644:Sold in 1874 to Wilhelms, 2252:Locomotive superintendents 2214:After a brief interregnum 2058:killed ten passengers and 1836: 1757:(opened July 1891) and to 1561:United Kingdom legislation 1336:, which used the existing 1128:A branch from Lewisham to 971:Ashford to Canterbury Line 809:United Kingdom legislation 776:United Kingdom legislation 331:London and Croydon Railway 279: 166:United Kingdom legislation 29: 4838: 4559: 4554:British railway companies 4240:Down the line to Hastings 4221:Trains in Trouble: Vol. 3 4133:The South Eastern Railway 4028:Acworth, William (1895). 3768:Bradley (1963), pp. 7–13. 3374:Greaves (2008), pp.104–5. 3284:Turner (1978), pp. 240–1. 3071:Greaves (2008), pp.103–4. 1685:Crowhurst railway station 1578: 1573: 977:. Likewise SER routes to 920:Bulverhythe (St Leonards) 826: 821: 793: 788: 503:Bricklayers Arms terminus 183: 178: 18:South Eastern Railway, UK 4438:. London: Phoenix House. 4411:. South Eastern Railway. 3759:Bradley (1969), pp.26–8. 3664:Hewison (1983) pp.27–28. 3449:'Letters to the Editor' 3266:Bradley (1979), pp. 4–6. 3248:Smiles (1905), pp.235–6. 3197:Smiles (1905), pp.233–4. 3053:Bradshaw (1867), p. 306. 2193:only original locomotive 2151:St Johns railway station 2018:Signals and signal boxes 1936:London suburban services 1782:, including stations at 1457:. The completion of the 1433:, and suspicion fell on 1039:They were proved wrong. 969:where it would join the 745:to the railway network. 704:was opened 7 July 1847. 580:. This was continued to 489:Dover (later Dover Town) 4695:Great North of Scotland 4396:Smiles, Samuel (1905). 4059:. Patrick Stephens Ltd. 4055:Body, Geoffrey (1984). 4046:Board of Trade (1845). 3849:Marshall (1978), p.206. 3795:Baxter (1977). pp.67–8. 3611:Clark, Gregory (2017). 3257:White (1961), pp.39–40. 3161:Turner (1978) pp.29–34. 2978:Turner (1977), pp.201–3 2799:Bradshaw (1867), p.305. 2390:Sold in 1899 to Scott, 2112:Chilham railway station 1753:leading to a branch to 1521:Unpopularity of the SER 1258:and a city terminus at 634:Tunbridge Wells Central 298:, or from the existing 282:South Eastern Main Line 4882:Rail transport in Kent 4238:Jewell, Brian (1984). 4173:. The Book Guild Ltd. 4082:Bradley, D.L. (1979). 4073:Bradley, D.L. (1969). 4064:Bradley, D.L. (1963). 3840:Bradley (1961), p.119. 3831:Marshall (1978), p.62. 3804:Bradley (1963), p.120. 3530:Adrian Wymann (2007). 3462:Foxwell (1883), p.530. 3032:Bradley (1963) pp.2–3. 2999:White (1961), pp.16–8. 2960:Board of Trade (1845). 2817:White (1961), pp.26–7. 2265:James I'Anson Cudworth 2233:tank classes, and his 2056:Staplehurst rail crash 2027: 1978:Continental excursions 1914:Blue Circle Industries 1904:industry based around 1834: 1819:Epsom Downs Racecourse 1687:to its own station at 1401:Chemins de fer du Nord 1271:Euston railway station 1227: 1181:Hundred of Hoo Railway 582:Strood railway station 370:Jolly Sailor (Norwood) 162:Origins of the company 80: 72: 64: 44: 4821:South Eastern Railway 4257:Kidner, R.W. (1953). 4150:Gray, Adrian (1995). 4131:Gray, Adrian (1990). 4126:. Meresborough Books. 4122:Gray, Adrian (1985). 4037:Ahrons, E.L. (1953). 3561:Nock (1961), pp.56–7. 3311:Nock (1961), pp.57–8. 3179:Turner (1978), p.222. 3152:Turner (1977), p.222. 3143:Turner (1977), p.278. 3044:Bradley (1963), p.37. 2865:Turner (1977), p.171. 2856:Turner (1977), p.185. 2790:Sekon (1895), pp.2–3. 2699:Queen of the Belgians 2474:Sold in 1863, became 2086:and killed two staff. 2025: 1992:Hop Pickers' Specials 1832: 1815:South Eastern Railway 1722:on 4 September 1893. 1657:jointly with the LCDR 1350:Great Eastern Railway 1218: 1177:Flushing, Netherlands 1054:. The EKR became the 879:Great Western Railway 413:by 28 June 1843; and 85:South Eastern Railway 78: 70: 61:London Bridge station 50: 42: 4487:March 1843 Timetable 4434:White, H.P. (1961). 4041:. Cambridge: Heffer. 3822:Nock (1987), pp.7–8. 3570:Bradley (1980), p.8. 3502:White (1961), p. 36. 3482:The Investors Review 3341:Bradley (1963), p.3. 3320:White (1961), p.47-9 3302:Bradley (1963) p. 3. 3239:Nock (1961), p.46-7. 3134:Turner (1978), p.31. 3125:Bradley (1963), p.7. 3089:White (1961), p.127. 2921:Body (1989), pp.96–7 2912:Bradley, (1963), p.2 2838:White (1961), pp.28. 2829:Bradley (1963), p.2. 2423:Duchess of Edinburgh 2271:Alfred Mellor Watkin 1537:The Investors Review 1482:Tunbridge Wells and 1397:Metropolitan Railway 1362:Metropolitan Railway 1144:was opened in 1864. 1142:Addiscombe (Croydon) 1080:Caterham branch line 728:on the banks of the 644:and was extended to 628:to the outskirts of 420:Croydon-Redhill line 403:Redhill to Tonbridge 30:For other uses, see 4773:North Staffordshire 4700:Hull & Barnsley 4550:The "Big Four" pre- 4429:. London: Batsford. 4420:. London: Batsford. 4154:. Middleton Press. 4135:. Middleton Press. 4032:. Cassell & Co. 3786:Baxter (1977) p.67. 3777:Baxter (1977) p.69. 3641:Sekon (1895), p.19. 3596:Sekon (1895), p.30. 3552:Sekon (1895), p.27. 3520:White (1961), p.64. 3511:Sekon (1895), p.36. 3392:Turner (1978) p.262 3364:. 2 September 1869. 3329:Sekon (1893), p.26. 3170:Sekon (1895), p.13. 3116:Kidner (1953), p.9. 3107:White (1961), p.39. 3008:Bradley (1963) p.2. 2847:White (1961), p.30. 2717:Queen of the French 2597:Princess Clementine 2350:Wrecked in 1893 at 2204:Crampton locomotive 2105:Lewisham rail crash 2103:28 June 1857 – the 2012:General Post Office 1667:(1 April 1883) and 1643:near Folkestone to 1435:James Staats Forbes 1334:East London Railway 1328:East London Railway 881:(GWR) main line at 158:on 1 January 1923. 3607:Retail Price Index 3275:White (1961), p.57 3206:Nock (1961), p.45. 3188:White (1961) p.38. 3080:Nock (1961), p.20. 3062:Gray (1990), p.21. 3020:Bradley (1963) p.2 2877:White (1961), p.55 2808:Sekon (1895), p.3. 2750:Scrapped in 1895. 2572:Scrapped in 1890. 2536:Scrapped in 1899. 2500:Scrapped in 1903. 2028: 2008:Electric telegraph 2003:Electric telegraph 1968:St Leonards-on-Sea 1924:Passenger services 1835: 1776:Dartford Loop Line 1645:Hythe and Sandgate 1379:Whitechapel Road. 1356:(LB&SCR), the 1228: 1226:initials retained. 1197:West End of London 750:Angerstein's Wharf 602:Greenwich Hospital 570:Medway Valley Line 564:Medway Valley Line 478:Folkestone station 137:Reading, Berkshire 81: 73: 65: 45: 4859: 4858: 4494:Bradshaw's Guides 4180:978-1-85776-888-6 4161:978-1-901706-08-6 4142:978-0-906520-85-7 4050:. Board of Trade. 3722:Hoole (1982), p7. 3585:978-1-84354-629-0 3225:"Country Races". 2754: 2753: 2673:Princess of Wales 2590:Scrapped in 1886 2554:Scrapped in 1900 2456:Scrapped in 1904 2178:Steam locomotives 2124:January 1877 – a 1870:Railways Act 1921 1858:62 & 63 Vict. 1745:Chatham extension 1696:Elham Valley Line 1681:60 & 61 Vict. 1637: 1636: 1609:60 & 61 Vict. 1574:Act of Parliament 1459:Orpington cut-off 1236:Hungerford Bridge 1134:East Kent Railway 1028:East Kent Railway 952:East Kent Railway 875: 874: 847:12 & 13 Vict. 822:Act of Parliament 807: 806: 789:Act of Parliament 584:on 18 June 1856. 518:Hungerford Bridge 359:Shakespeare Cliff 266:6 & 7 Will. 4 242: 241: 214:6 & 7 Will. 4 179:Act of Parliament 16:(Redirected from 4909: 4793: 4730: 4672: 4614: 4604: 4599: 4593: 4588: 4582: 4577: 4571: 4566: 4544: 4537: 4530: 4521: 4501: 4491: 4468: 4451:Whishaw, Francis 4439: 4430: 4421: 4412: 4403: 4392: 4380: 4372: 4371:. Ian Allan Ltd. 4360: 4344:George S. Measom 4339: 4317: 4316:. Ian Allan Ltd. 4308: 4302: 4294: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4234: 4212: 4193: 4184: 4165: 4146: 4127: 4118: 4105: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4033: 4016: 4015: 4012:The Morning Post 4007: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3981: 3850: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3832: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3671: 3665: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3588: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3562: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3527: 3521: 3518: 3512: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3485: 3478: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3454: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3411: 3410:White (1961), 49 3408: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3383:White (1961), 48 3381: 3375: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3330: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3222: 3216: 3215:Nock (1961), 48. 3213: 3207: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3033: 3030: 3021: 3018: 3009: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2991: 2990:(25 August 1850) 2985: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2922: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2884: 2878: 2875: 2866: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2818: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2684:Sold in 1910 to 2478:blockade runner 2320: 1974:in East Sussex. 1884:Freight services 1780:Bexleyheath Line 1708:Hawkhurst Branch 1677: 1676: 1583: 1582: 1569: 1564: 1515:House of Commons 1366:District Railway 1238:to a station at 1107:Victoria station 1099:Bricklayers Arms 1052:Victoria Station 895:North Downs Line 831: 830: 817: 812: 798: 797: 784: 779: 658:roundabout route 533:Greenwich branch 514:Charles Vignoles 374:Earlswood Common 262: 261: 188: 187: 174: 169: 156:Southern Railway 21: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4877:History of Kent 4862: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4834: 4786: 4723: 4665: 4622:Alexandra Docks 4607: 4597: 4596: 4586: 4585: 4575: 4574: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4552:nationalisation 4548: 4483: 4475: 4449: 4446: 4444:Further reading 4433: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4395: 4383: 4375: 4363: 4342: 4336: 4320: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4250: 4237: 4231: 4215: 4209: 4196: 4187: 4181: 4168: 4162: 4149: 4143: 4130: 4121: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4024: 4019: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3991:on 16 June 2012 3983: 3982: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3493:Acworth (1895). 3492: 3488: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3036: 3031: 3024: 3019: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2759: 2615:Princess Helena 2445:Duchess of York 2372:Scrapped 1899. 2291: 2277:Richard Mansell 2259:Benjamin Cubitt 2254: 2180: 2172:New Cross Depot 2168:Benjamin Cubitt 2160: 2098:Reading station 2060:Charles Dickens 2033: 2020: 2005: 2000: 1988: 1980: 1956: 1954:Holiday traffic 1938: 1926: 1886: 1878: 1841: 1827: 1772:North Kent Line 1767: 1747: 1700:Canterbury West 1674: 1673: 1588: 1580: 1567: 1562: 1559: 1523: 1476:Tunbridge Wells 1443: 1385: 1330: 1279: 1213: 1193: 1166:Isle of Sheppey 1150: 1119:Addiscombe Road 1076: 1024: 1011: 948: 932:Tunbridge Wells 903: 836: 828: 815: 810: 803: 795: 782: 777: 774: 766:James Macgregor 762: 710: 674: 650:Bopeep Junction 630:Tunbridge Wells 618: 606:North Kent Line 590: 566: 550: 542: 505: 487:The SER opened 470:Princess Helena 448:from London to 432: 399: 284: 278: 259: 258: 193: 185: 172: 167: 164: 105:Tunbridge Wells 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4915: 4913: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4864: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4797: 4795: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4732: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4690:Great Northern 4687: 4682: 4676: 4674: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4618: 4616: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4594: 4583: 4572: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4481: 4474: 4473:External links 4471: 4470: 4469: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4413: 4404: 4393: 4381: 4373: 4361: 4340: 4334: 4322:Marshall, John 4318: 4309: 4289: 4272: 4263: 4254: 4248: 4235: 4229: 4213: 4207: 4194: 4185: 4179: 4166: 4160: 4147: 4141: 4128: 4119: 4106: 4097: 4088: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4002: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3788: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3752: 3738: 3724: 3715: 3706: 3692: 3680: 3666: 3657: 3643: 3631: 3618:MeasuringWorth 3598: 3589: 3572: 3563: 3554: 3545: 3522: 3513: 3504: 3495: 3486: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3442: 3433: 3424: 3412: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3367: 3352: 3343: 3331: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3217: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3181: 3172: 3163: 3154: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3118: 3109: 3100: 3091: 3082: 3073: 3064: 3055: 3046: 3034: 3022: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2923: 2914: 2905: 2879: 2867: 2858: 2849: 2840: 2831: 2819: 2810: 2801: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2768:Joshua Fielden 2765: 2763:Edward Chapman 2758: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2734: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2712: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2694: 2693: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2650: 2649: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2484: 2483: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2440: 2439: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2400: 2399: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2356: 2355: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2329:Tonnage (GRT) 2327: 2324: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2283:James Stirling 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2253: 2250: 2216:James Stirling 2189:James Cudworth 2179: 2176: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2129: 2122: 2115: 2108: 2101: 2094: 2087: 2032: 2029: 2019: 2016: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1987: 1984: 1979: 1976: 1955: 1952: 1950:respectively. 1937: 1934: 1925: 1922: 1918:Kent coalfield 1885: 1882: 1877: 1876:Train services 1874: 1837:Main article: 1826: 1823: 1766: 1765:London suburbs 1763: 1746: 1743: 1689:Bexhill-on-sea 1635: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1547: 1546: 1522: 1519: 1472:East Grinstead 1442: 1439: 1427:Channel Tunnel 1384: 1381: 1329: 1326: 1278: 1275: 1248:City of London 1212: 1209: 1192: 1189: 1149: 1146: 1075: 1072: 1060:City of London 1036:running powers 1023: 1020: 1010: 1007: 947: 944: 902: 899: 873: 872: 866: 865: 862: 856: 855: 851: 850: 844: 838: 837: 832: 824: 823: 819: 818: 808: 805: 804: 799: 791: 790: 786: 785: 775: 773: 770: 761: 758: 754:Maidstone West 709: 706: 673: 670: 617: 614: 589: 588:Greenwich Line 586: 565: 562: 549: 546: 541: 538: 504: 501: 474:Princess Maude 436:Thomas Telford 431: 428: 398: 395: 327:William Cubitt 280:Main article: 277: 274: 240: 239: 233: 232: 229: 223: 222: 218: 217: 211: 205: 204: 201: 195: 194: 189: 181: 180: 176: 175: 165: 163: 160: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4914: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4789: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4710:North Eastern 4708: 4706: 4705:North British 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4685:Great Eastern 4683: 4681: 4680:Great Central 4678: 4677: 4675: 4668: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4642:Great Western 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4595: 4592: 4584: 4581: 4573: 4570: 4569:Great Western 4562: 4561: 4558: 4553: 4545: 4540: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4335:0-7153-7489-3 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4300: 4292: 4290:0-900947-37-3 4286: 4282: 4278: 4273: 4270:. LB&SCR. 4269: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4249:0-85936-223-X 4245: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4230:0-906899-05-2 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4208:0-7153-8305-1 4204: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4117:(3): 517–574. 4116: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4095:. W.J. Adams. 4094: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4006: 4003: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3734: 3728: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3681: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3534:. Wymann.info 3533: 3526: 3523: 3517: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3380: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3363: 3356: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3308: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3254: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3185: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2939: 2936: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2656: 2655:Princess Maud 2652: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2633:Princess Mary 2630: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2579:Prince Ernest 2576: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2544: 2543:Mary Beatrice 2540: 2539: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2525:Louise Dagmar 2522: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2361:Albert Victor 2358: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2339:Albert Edward 2336: 2335: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2164:rolling stock 2158:Rolling stock 2157: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2137:Hildenborough 2134: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1985: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1944: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1890: 1883: 1881: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1831: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1633: 1629: 1626:6 August 1897 1625: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1577: 1572: 1565: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1451:South Croydon 1448: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1420: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338:Thames Tunnel 1335: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240:Charing Cross 1237: 1233: 1232:near Waterloo 1225: 1221: 1220:Charing Cross 1217: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1205:London Bridge 1202: 1198: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1185:Port Victoria 1182: 1178: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1115:New Beckenham 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015:Samuel Smiles 1008: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 955: 953: 945: 943: 939: 935: 934:to Hastings. 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 900: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 871: 867: 863: 861: 857: 852: 848: 845: 843: 839: 835: 825: 820: 813: 802: 792: 787: 780: 771: 769: 767: 759: 757: 755: 751: 746: 744: 740: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 707: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 671: 669: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 642:Robertsbridge 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 615: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 587: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 563: 561: 559: 555: 547: 545: 539: 537: 534: 529: 527: 523: 522:Waterloo Road 519: 515: 511: 502: 500: 497: 495: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 446:day excursion 443: 442: 437: 429: 427: 425: 421: 416: 412: 408: 404: 396: 394: 392: 391:London Bridge 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 283: 275: 273: 271: 267: 263: 255: 251: 247: 238: 234: 230: 228: 224: 219: 215: 212: 210: 206: 202: 200: 196: 192: 182: 177: 170: 161: 159: 157: 153: 149: 145: 140: 138: 135:in Surrey to 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 77: 69: 62: 58: 54: 53:Tooley Street 49: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4825: 4820: 4794:constituents 4777: 4731:constituents 4714: 4673:constituents 4656: 4615:constituents 4496:– via 4486: 4455: 4435: 4426: 4417: 4408: 4398: 4388: 4376: 4368: 4348: 4325: 4313: 4276: 4267: 4258: 4239: 4220: 4198: 4189: 4170: 4151: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4110: 4101: 4092: 4083: 4074: 4065: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4011: 4005: 3993:. Retrieved 3989:the original 3845: 3836: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3755: 3741: 3727: 3718: 3709: 3695: 3683: 3669: 3660: 3646: 3622:. Retrieved 3616: 3601: 3592: 3575: 3566: 3557: 3548: 3536:. Retrieved 3525: 3516: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3481: 3476: 3467: 3458: 3450: 3445: 3436: 3427: 3406: 3397: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3355: 3346: 3325: 3316: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3280: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3244: 3235: 3226: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3148: 3139: 3130: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3085: 3076: 3067: 3058: 3049: 3004: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2974: 2965: 2956: 2947: 2938: 2917: 2908: 2898:16 September 2896:. Retrieved 2891: 2882: 2861: 2852: 2843: 2834: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2786: 2738: 2729: 2716: 2698: 2689: 2672: 2654: 2632: 2614: 2596: 2578: 2561:Napoleon III 2560: 2542: 2524: 2506: 2488: 2479: 2462: 2444: 2435: 2422: 2404: 2378: 2360: 2352:Cap Gris Nez 2338: 2292: 2281:1878 – 1898 2275:1876 – 1878 2269:1876 – 2263:1845 – 1876 2213: 2201: 2195:to work the 2181: 2161: 2100:killed five. 2079: 2073: 2069:manslaughter 2064:Nelly Ternan 2037: 2034: 2006: 1989: 1981: 1966:in Kent and 1957: 1939: 1927: 1910:Medway Towns 1899: 1895:SECR C class 1891: 1887: 1879: 1866: 1849: 1846:Cosmo Bonsor 1842: 1804: 1800: 1768: 1748: 1739:Loose Valley 1724: 1712:Paddock Wood 1693: 1672: 1638: 1622:Royal assent 1551: 1548: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1495:Dunton Green 1488: 1458: 1444: 1424: 1386: 1370: 1360:(LCDR), the 1331: 1318:Hither Green 1307: 1280: 1264: 1229: 1194: 1174: 1162:Queenborough 1151: 1127: 1123: 1088: 1077: 1068: 1064:Ludgate Hill 1041: 1025: 1012: 975:River Medway 956: 949: 940: 936: 908:East Croydon 904: 876: 864:26 June 1849 860:Royal assent 763: 747: 724:and then to 711: 675: 640:had reached 620:A secondary 619: 591: 574:Paddock Wood 567: 551: 543: 530: 506: 498: 486: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 439: 433: 400: 363: 324: 285: 269: 257: 246:River Medway 243: 231:21 June 1836 227:Royal assent 141: 88: 84: 82: 36: 4385:Sekon, G.A. 4281:Wye College 2690:Rio Uruguay 2507:Lord Warden 2476:Confederate 2257:– 1845 – 2052:River Beult 2048:Staplehurst 1986:Hop picking 1930:Boat trains 1796:Slade Green 1792:Bexleyheath 1704:Shorncliffe 1507:Branch line 1352:(GER), the 1346:Rotherhithe 1340:to connect 1299:Chislehurst 1291:North Downs 1170:Shorncliffe 666:Rye Harbour 466:Lord Warden 462:Water Witch 441:Water Witch 320:North Downs 4866:Categories 4738:Caledonian 4498:Wikisource 4365:Nock, O.S. 4217:Hoole, Ken 4192:. H.M.S.O. 2779:References 2688:, renamed 2489:Folkestone 2436:Manx Queen 2295:Folkestone 2119:Blackheath 2044:Folkestone 2040:boat train 1906:Swanscombe 1784:Blackheath 1669:New Romney 1611:c. ccxxvii 1594:Long title 1545:otherwise. 1511:Oxted Line 1431:War Office 1373:Addiscombe 1364:, and the 999:Canterbury 987:Canterbury 526:Parliament 411:Folkestone 355:Folkestone 335:Bermondsey 312:Canterbury 199:Long title 127:, eastern 113:Canterbury 4827:Full list 4779:Full list 4716:Full list 4658:Full list 4652:Taff Vale 4465:833076248 4299:cite book 3995:5 January 3451:The Times 3362:The Times 3227:The Times 2686:Argentina 2379:Alexandra 2326:Launched 2133:Sevenoaks 2080:Forrester 2031:Accidents 1821:traffic. 1755:Rochester 1731:Maidstone 1727:Appledore 1720:Hawkhurst 1716:Hope Mill 1665:Dungeness 1661:Appledore 1527:The Times 1499:Westerham 1480:Tonbridge 1470:lines to 1377:St Mary's 1303:Orpington 1295:Knockholt 1287:Tonbridge 1283:Sevenoaks 1254:over the 1130:Beckenham 1005:in 1850. 1003:Rochester 995:Faversham 849:c. xxviii 722:Gravesend 714:main line 678:main line 626:Tonbridge 622:main line 598:Greenwich 578:Maidstone 494:Admiralty 378:Tonbridge 347:Tonbridge 316:Admiralty 308:Rochester 304:Gravesend 296:Wimbledon 254:local act 252:passed a 216:. c. lxxv 4842:See also 4753:Highland 4632:Cambrian 4602:Southern 4453:(1842). 4387:(1895). 4367:(1961). 4358:25963337 4346:(1853), 4324:(1978). 4219:(1982). 3538:18 April 2757:See also 2739:Victoria 2480:Cornubia 2405:Boulogne 2392:Calcutta 2303:Boulogne 2144:Chartham 2126:landslip 1972:Hastings 1964:Ramsgate 1948:Waterloo 1943:Deptford 1941:between 1908:and the 1737:and the 1735:Headcorn 1653:Sandwich 1641:Sandling 1604:Citation 1484:Hastings 1449:between 1410:Sandling 1395:and the 1314:Dartford 1154:Hastings 1095:Victoria 928:Hastings 916:Brighton 887:new line 842:Citation 743:Dartford 739:Woolwich 718:Lewisham 686:Ramsgate 654:Hastings 638:the line 610:Charlton 558:Ramsgate 450:Boulogne 386:Merstham 294:line at 209:Citation 119:and the 109:Hastings 4768:Midland 4743:Furness 4647:Rhymney 4637:Cardiff 4022:Sources 2463:Eugenie 2315:Belgium 2208:firebox 1960:Margate 1759:Chatham 1463:Croydon 1342:Wapping 1246:in the 1234:, over 1164:on the 1158:Margate 1091:Pimlico 979:Margate 967:Chilham 924:Ashford 912:Redhill 883:Reading 698:Minster 690:Margate 682:Ashford 662:Ashford 482:harbour 480:to the 407:Ashford 382:Redhill 351:Ashford 343:Norwood 339:Croydon 133:Redhill 93:England 59:, near 4600: 4598: 4589: 4587: 4578: 4576: 4567: 4565: 4489: 4463: 4356: 4332: 4287: 4246: 4227: 4205: 4177: 4158: 4139: 3583: 2730:Saphir 2681:1,009 2646:London 2332:Notes 2311:Ostend 2307:France 2226:, and 2084:Surrey 2054:. The 1902:cement 1807:Purley 1788:Eltham 1751:Strood 1491:a line 1322:Sidcup 1256:Thames 1252:bridge 1201:Thames 1084:Purley 991:Strood 985:, and 963:Strood 910:, and 730:Medway 726:Strood 646:Battle 454:packet 310:, and 129:Sussex 97:London 57:London 4627:Barry 3624:7 May 3587:p.80. 2744:1861 2722:1845 2704:1844 2678:1898 2660:1844 2638:1844 2620:1847 2602:1846 2584:1845 2566:1865 2548:1882 2530:1880 2512:1847 2494:1878 2468:1862 2450:1895 2428:1880 2410:1878 2396:India 2384:1864 2366:1880 2344:1862 2323:Ship 2299:Dover 2289:Ships 2245:4-4-0 2238:0-6-0 2231:0-4-4 2224:0-6-0 2042:from 1710:from 1698:from 1616:Dates 1532:local 1493:from 1455:Oxted 1414:Hythe 1316:from 1310:route 1113:from 1032:Dover 961:from 854:Dates 716:from 696:from 680:from 660:from 624:from 415:Dover 221:Dates 101:Dover 4671:LNER 4461:OCLC 4354:OCLC 4330:ISBN 4305:link 4285:ISBN 4244:ISBN 4225:ISBN 4203:ISBN 4175:ISBN 4156:ISBN 4137:ISBN 3997:2010 3626:2024 3581:ISBN 3540:2007 2900:2018 2747:359 2725:215 2707:206 2663:187 2641:192 2623:302 2605:288 2587:248 2569:345 2551:803 2533:818 2515:308 2497:398 2471:426 2453:996 2431:812 2413:407 2387:203 2369:814 2347:365 2309:and 2297:and 2240:and 1970:and 1962:and 1900:The 1809:and 1794:and 1774:the 1733:via 1651:and 1649:Deal 1503:bill 1474:and 1447:line 1419:Bill 1320:via 1156:and 1138:line 1111:line 1046:and 1026:The 997:and 983:Deal 959:line 926:via 741:and 702:Deal 694:line 652:and 594:line 472:and 372:and 353:and 256:the 125:Kent 83:The 4729:LMS 4613:GWR 3605:UK 2301:to 2170:at 1729:to 1714:to 1702:to 1663:to 1412:to 1312:to 1285:to 1203:at 1140:to 1062:at 993:to 922:to 720:to 700:to 684:to 608:at 596:to 576:to 99:to 89:SER 4868:: 4792:SR 4492:. 4301:}} 4297:{{ 4283:. 4279:. 4115:46 4113:. 3854:^ 3634:^ 3615:. 3415:^ 3334:^ 3037:^ 3025:^ 3013:^ 2926:^ 2890:. 2870:^ 2822:^ 2732:. 2692:. 2648:. 2482:. 2438:. 2398:. 2394:, 2354:. 2313:, 2305:, 1872:. 1790:, 1786:, 1741:. 1224:SR 1207:. 981:, 897:. 756:. 668:. 648:, 612:. 560:. 528:. 484:. 468:, 349:, 322:. 306:, 139:. 111:, 107:, 55:, 4543:e 4536:t 4529:v 4500:. 4467:. 4338:. 4307:) 4293:. 4252:. 4233:. 4211:. 4183:. 4164:. 4145:. 3999:. 3749:. 3735:. 3703:. 3677:. 3654:. 3628:. 3542:. 2902:. 2242:F 2235:O 2228:Q 2221:R 1856:( 1679:( 1655:( 264:( 87:( 63:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.