232:
525:
967:
869:(1967). Playing a demented youth – Velayadhan, Nazir discovered his prowess as a dramatic actor of great intensity. Many critics have evaluated this role as his masterpiece, and as one of the finest onscreen performances ever. He holds the record for having acted in the most leading roles – about 700 films. Another record is for the most enduring screen team along with actress
953:
941:
commendation for creativity. Despite critics questioning the rationale, the enduring appeal of violent scenes persists, driven by fans of star-centric films. The CBFC's inconsistent certification approach adds to ongoing discourse, reflecting changing preferences in the South Indian cinema landscape.
940:
Recent South Indian cinema sees a trend of violent heroes, deviating from virtuous protagonists of the past and embracing "bad boy" personas, with violence integrated into their characters gaining popularity. Directors, taking on quasi-action director roles, break from traditional templates, earning
896:
South Indian films, whether
Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, or Telugu, have been predominantly rooted in their specific geography. They tell stories that are in tune with the culture, dialect, politics, social structure, and lifestyle of the people in their respective regions. This can be seen in the
302:
Setting aside state language boundaries, recent years saw South Indian actors, writers and directors from Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and
Kannada industries collaborating with each other as a single 'South Indian Cinema' entity to produce movies. This collaboration resulted in major hits such as
754:. The division marked the beginning of a new era in South Indian cinema. Cinema was celebrated regionally and exclusively in the language of the respective State. By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes. One such film,
937:, of late aren't able to strike this balance because of their essential non-rootedness. For many years, films in Hindi have gone urbane and elitist, while down South, they remained rooted in telling the stories of people in a way they can enjoy as their own.
887:
created a record at the box office for successfully running in the main theaters for more than two continuous years. He later spearheaded the
Kannada language movement, followed by millions of his fans, however the star remained away from politics.
593:
471:. R. Venkaiah, flush with funds, in 1912 built a permanent cinema in the Mount Road area named Gaiety Theatre. It was the first in Madras to screen films on a full-time basis. The theatre later closed for commercial developments.
355:
industry as one. After the emergence of South Indian Cinema, Hindi film actors and actresses who experienced a decline in their star value began participating in South Indian films to sustain their careers in the industry.
691:
at the
Chatrapathi studio; most filming, sound recording, and post-production was done in Madras. It was difficult, as well, to find financial backing for new film projects in the region; thus, very few movies in
933:. South Indian cinema has been able to find audiences across India, and even outside because of its ability to remain rooted in a certain milieu, while appealing to the collective “Indian” sensibility, whereas
786:
to use stars of Tamil cinema were limited since this media remained inaccessible to the rural population, who were in the majority. The politicizing of movies by the
Congress virtually stopped soon after
577:, would go on to produce and direct dozens of films throughout the decade, casting theater actors in major roles. They established a long-lasting precedent of focusing exclusively on religious themes;
485:, introduced the concept of "Tent Cinema" in which a tent was erected on a stretch of open land close to a town or village to screen the films. The first of its kind was established in
1234:
819:
that its leaders preached for but also at many times displayed party symbols within the movie. When the DMK began using cinema for political purposes and actors like MGR and
1725:
489:, called "Edison's Grand Cinemamegaphone". This was due to the fact that electric carbons were used for motion picture projectors. Full-fledged film studios were built in
1166:
393:. It was a favourite haunt of the British community in Madras. The theatre was shut down after a few years. This building is now part of a post office complex on
429:. He erected tents for screening films. His tent cinema became popular and he travelled throughout the state with his mobile unit. In later years, he produced
1667:
463:
with a disc containing prerecorded sound was linked, and both were run in unison, producing picture and sound simultaneously. However, there was no synched
1623:
1006:
1711:
1194:
1692:
Sarah, Dickey (1993). "The
Politics of Adulation: Cinema and the Production of Politicians in South India". The Journal of Asian Studies 52 (2): 340–372.
553:. During the 1920s, silent Tamil language films were shot at makeshift locations in and around Chennai, and for technical processing, they were sent to
778:, Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes. Attempts made by some
1600:
1354:
1220:
841:
985:
1332:
1116:
877:
shot to fame. Rajkumar acted in more than 200 movies who also won
National Awards for singing songs like "Naadamaya Ee Lokavella" from the movie
1091:
1581:
1538:
1429:
1386:
1282:
1057:
1445:
1508:
1701:
Hardgrave, Jr, Robert L (March 1973). "Politics and the Film in
Tamilnadu: The Stars and the DMK". Asian Survey (JSTOR) 13 (3): 288–305
467:. Raghupathy Venkaiah Naidu, a successful photographer, took over the equipment after the exhibition and set up a tent cinema near the
272:
helped to shape this new identity. By 2010, South India became the home for 6320, or about 62% of the 10,167 cinema theatres in India.
268:
Although the four industries developed independently for a long period of time, gross exchange of artists and technicians, as well as
381:). The films all featured non-fictional subjects; they were mostly photographed records of day-to-day events. In Madras (present-day
1315:
1266:
1771:
648:, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theaters and thrust the young film industry into mainstream culture.
346:
441:
1740:
634:, films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with
624:, was a multilingual and was released on 31 October 1931, less than seven months after India's first talking motion picture
90:
1256:
774:, have been released in Telugu. Touching on societal problems like the status of Untouchables and the practice of giving
760:(1951), was a musical drama which spoke about the problems in a joint family. Earlier, dozens of 'social films', notably
562:
1639:
1471:
1305:
799:(DMK) was the first – and at the time the only – party to take advantage of visual movie media. Actors and writers of
645:
597:
70:
275:
In 2021, Telugu film industry emerged as the largest film industry of India in terms of box office revenue. In 2022,
505:, Neptune, and Pakshiraja). Chennai became the hub of studio activity with two more movie studios built in Chennai,
1671:
715:
1791:
1141:
796:
570:
316:
1801:
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832:
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322:
840:
became one of the most remembered actors of India. His popularity enabled him to found a political party, the
1571:
1491:
827:, as a film actor, became the first elected 'Member of legislative assembly in the industry from Tamil Nadu.
1786:
574:
291:
representing 6%. As of 2022, the combined revenue of South Indian film industries has surpassed that of the
1610:
1364:
452:. Its major attraction was the screening of short films accompanied by sound. A British company imported a
405:
was also built in the Mount Road area. This venue boasted a variety of events, including plays in
English,
265:. They are often colloquially referred to as Tollywood, Kollywood, Sandalwood and Mollywood, respectively.
1776:
804:
1781:
980:
855:
The time was hailed as "the period of giants" in
Malayalam film industry, due to the work of film stars
304:
80:
55:
1340:
1796:
884:
615:
370:
75:
1419:
185:
110:
1548:
1396:
1290:
718:. Malayalam films continued to be made mainly by Tamil producers until 1947, when the first major
549:(The Destruction of Keechaka), produced and directed by R. Nataraja Mudaliar, who established the
1712:"The secret of the pan-Indian success of films from the south: Balancing the local and universal"
856:
837:
823:
rode into politics on their popularity as actors, Tamil cinema began to be noticed by academics,
792:
788:
474:
414:
1449:
1195:"India Box Office collections: Regional cinema led by Telugu, Tamil movies overtakes Bollywood"
589:, three of their most famous productions, centered on religious figures, parables, and morals.
1577:
1425:
1311:
1262:
1065:
865:
808:
800:
514:
490:
468:
310:
190:
155:
1221:"Tamil and Telugu stars and directors collaborate for better cinema-Opinion News , Firstpost"
1726:"Explained: Why Korean, Hollywood and South Indian remakes should be a big no for Bollywood"
328:
288:
262:
175:
150:
1495:
918:
879:
820:
812:
697:
610:
545:
528:
502:
494:
422:
406:
352:
195:
135:
120:
100:
95:
65:
60:
45:
35:
1516:
231:
756:
747:
671:
657:
620:
565:
were shot in those cities as well. Telugu artists became active with the production of
510:
506:
445:
426:
284:
258:
200:
180:
170:
160:
140:
130:
115:
369:
In 1897, a European exhibitor first screened a selection of silent short films at the
1765:
930:
824:
340:
276:
269:
250:
246:
215:
205:
165:
145:
50:
1171:
958:
934:
914:
902:
874:
849:
816:
723:
719:
706:
296:
280:
254:
210:
125:
105:
85:
17:
815:
to celluloid media. The movies not only made direct references to the independent
1307:
Encyclopaedia of Journalism and Mass Communication: Media and mass communication
972:
922:
770:
641:
602:
524:
518:
478:
390:
242:
220:
1031:
948:
926:
898:
860:
783:
751:
711:
592:
498:
482:
460:
434:
418:
398:
394:
1539:"Metro Plus Chennai / Madras Miscellany : The pioneer'Tamil' film-maker"
1069:
1643:
1605:
1543:
1475:
1391:
1359:
743:
731:
680:
456:
1235:"From Vivek Oberoi to Janhvi Kapoor, why Bollywood stars are rushing South"
873:. They played opposite each other in 130 movies. It was also the time when
863:. Nazir catapulted to the row of the finest actors of India with the film
791:
in 1947. With the introduction of electricity to rural areas in the 1950s
351:. Film analysts say that this marks the beginning of the unification of a
1167:"The rise of South Indian Cinema: How Southern movies are going national"
906:
742:
The Madras presidency was divided into linguistic States, known today as
727:
688:
636:
626:
558:
464:
410:
1640:"CineGoer.com – Articles – History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema"
1472:"CineGoer.com – Articles – History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema"
1421:
Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film wenr Industry
693:
631:
430:
382:
378:
910:
870:
701:
652:
486:
449:
413:
dances. Silent films were also screened as an additional attraction.
374:
292:
425:
and silent films from the Frenchman DuPont and set up a business as
1418:
Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008). "'India' in Tamil silent era cinema".
1573:
Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry
1488:
775:
591:
532:
523:
453:
1741:"The rise of the violent hero in south cinema: What explains it?"
554:
1117:"Tollywood | ఆ విషయంలో బాలీవుడ్ను వెనక్కి నెట్టేసిన టాలీవుడ్."
335:
683:
were handicapped by the lack of studios and technical crews.
521:, Chennai became the center for South Indian language films.
1142:"Distribution of the Indian box office in 2022, by language"
241:, refers to the cinema of the four major film industries in
1668:"Rethinking Transnational Cinema: The Case of Tamil Cinema"
279:
represented 20% of Indian box office revenue, followed by
1007:"Southern movies account for over 75% of film revenues"
1090:
Mukherjee, Nairita; Joshi, Tushar (22 December 2021).
836:
crossed all language borders. It was the time, when
679:
were major successes. But prospective filmmakers in
249:
in the four major languages of the region, namely —
795:could implement movies as a major political organ.
734:, who earned fame as a film producer and director.
569:, a silent film, in 1921. The film was directed by
1547:. Chennai, India. 7 September 2009. Archived from
1609:. Chennai, India. 19 January 2007. Archived from
1595:
1593:
1448:. Totaltollywood.com. 3 May 1913. Archived from
1283:"Pioneers In Indian Cinema – Swamikannu Vincent"
1395:. Chennai, India. 30 April 2010. Archived from
1255:Muthukumaraswamy, M. D; Kaushal, Molly (2004).
573:and his son R. S. Prakash. The two, along with
1363:. Chennai, India. 25 June 2003. Archived from
417:, an employee of the South Indian Railways in
8:
1261:. NFSC www.indianfolklore.org. p. 116.
1058:"The 'pan-Indian' strategy of Telugu cinema"
1333:"Down Memory Lane – Bioscope in Coimbatore"
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
618:in 1918. The first talking motion picture,
531:in Chennai, the oldest surviving studio in
1258:Folklore, public sphere, and civil society
31:
803:, who were inspired by the ideologies of
459:, made up of a film projector to which a
1509:"Eighty glorious years of Telugu talkie"
842:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
696:were released during the early years of
651:During the same time, the first Kannada
601:, a 1932 Telugu talkie film directed by
230:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1507:Narasimham, M. L. (10 September 2011).
997:
986:South Indian International Movie Awards
738:Social influence and rise of superstars
714:with a screenplay and songs written by
710:, released in 1938. It was directed by
34:
1739:Rajendran, Sowmya (8 December 2020).
389:was established for the screening of
295:-based Hindi-language film industry (
7:
1092:"Is South cinema the new Bollywood?"
1032:"STATEWISE NUMBER OF SINGLE SCREENS"
929:, social structure and lifestyle of
661:, appeared in theatres, followed by
644:and starring Parupalli Subbarao and
477:, who had built the first cinema of
1670:. Scenes of Cinema. Archived from
25:
844:, which is regularly part of the
27:Southern Indian cinema industries
1601:"Reliving the reel and the real"
1515:. Chennai, India. Archived from
1331:Brahmanyan (21 September 2007).
965:
951:
913:milieu respectively. Similarly,
543:The first Madras production was
1624:"First film to talk in Kannada"
1056:S, Srivatsan (7 January 2022).
917:directed films based on arts —
517:, being the Capital to most of
892:Characteristics and popularity
807:, brought the philosophies of
561:. Later, some films featuring
409:classical music concerts, and
245:; primarily engaged in making
1:
1570:Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008).
608:The first Tamil silent film,
1387:"He brought cinema to South"
563:M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
365:During the Madras Presidency
513:. Thus, with the undivided
433:and also built a cinema in
76:Chhattisgarhi (Chhollywood)
1818:
1489:Land Marks in Tamil Cinema
1424:. Routledge. p. 156.
1310:. Isha Books. p. 68.
716:Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai
551:India Film Company Limited
440:To celebrate the event of
1446:"Telugu Cinema Biography"
797:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
571:Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu
318:Lokesh Cinematic Universe
1576:. Routledge. p. 2.
1304:Rajmohan, Joshi (2006).
846:Government of Tamil Nadu
539:First South Indian films
575:Yaragudipati Varada Rao
444:visit in 1909, a grand
1772:Culture of South India
1666:Devdas, Vijay (2006).
1355:"Cinema at Round Tana"
848:. He posthumously won
830:Meanwhile, Tamil film
805:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy
605:
535:
507:Vijaya Vauhini Studios
235:
1494:10 April 2008 at the
1199:The Financial Express
981:Filmfare Awards South
905:that were set in the
793:Dravidian politicians
726:, was established in
630:. Popularly known as
595:
527:
287:representing 8%, and
239:Cinema of South India
234:
151:Malayalam (Mollywood)
1646:on 18 February 2012.
1551:on 12 September 2009
1452:on 29 September 2011
885:Bangaaradha Manushya
616:R. Nataraja Mudaliar
371:Victoria Public Hall
116:Kannada (Sandalwood)
96:Gujarati (Gollywood)
46:Assamese (Jollywood)
789:Indian Independence
698:Indian sound cinema
201:Santali (Sollywood)
81:Deccani (Dollywood)
61:Bhojpuri (Bhojwood)
56:Bengali (Tollywood)
18:South Indian Cinema
1674:on 5 December 2008
1519:on 4 November 2013
1367:on 23 October 2003
1337:The Times Of India
1120:Namasthe Telangana
1011:The Economic Times
838:M. G. Ramachandran
606:
536:
475:Swamikannu Vincent
415:Swamikannu Vincent
283:representing 16%,
236:
221:Tulu (Coastalwood)
216:Telugu (Tollywood)
86:Dogri (Pahariwood)
1583:978-0-415-39680-6
1478:on 10 April 2007.
1431:978-0-415-39680-6
1287:Indiaheritage.org
1175:. 7 December 2022
1036:filmfederation.in
866:Iruttinte Athmavu
809:Tamil nationalism
801:guerrilla theater
704:in Malayalam was
515:Madras Presidency
469:Madras High Court
448:was organised in
229:
228:
211:Tamil (Kollywood)
106:Hindi (Bollywood)
16:(Redirected from
1809:
1792:Malayalam cinema
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1728:. 4 August 2022.
1722:
1716:
1715:
1714:. 3 August 2022.
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1663:
1648:
1647:
1642:. Archived from
1636:
1630:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1504:
1498:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1474:. Archived from
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1343:on 30 June 2015.
1339:. Archived from
1328:
1322:
1321:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1289:. Archived from
1279:
1273:
1272:
1252:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1122:. 5 January 2022
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1002:
975:
970:
969:
968:
961:
956:
955:
954:
583:Gajendra Moksham
567:Bhisma Pratighna
387:Electric Theatre
32:
21:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1802:Cinema of India
1762:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1745:The News Minute
1738:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1723:
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1710:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1622:
1618:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1496:Wayback Machine
1487:
1483:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1385:
1384:
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1352:
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1325:
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1302:
1298:
1281:
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1276:
1269:
1254:
1253:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1223:. 18 July 2022.
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
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1135:
1125:
1123:
1115:
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1110:
1100:
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1074:
1072:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1003:
999:
994:
971:
966:
964:
957:
952:
950:
947:
894:
880:Jeevana Chaitra
821:S. S. Rajendran
813:anti-Brahminism
740:
611:Keechaka Vadham
598:Bhakta Prahlada
546:Keechaka Vadham
541:
503:Central Studios
495:Modern Theatres
442:King George V's
367:
362:
353:Pan-Indian film
225:
176:Odia (Ollywood)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1815:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:Kannada cinema
1784:
1779:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1731:
1717:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1649:
1631:
1616:
1613:on 1 May 2007.
1589:
1582:
1562:
1530:
1499:
1481:
1463:
1437:
1430:
1410:
1378:
1346:
1323:
1316:
1296:
1293:on 9 May 2013.
1274:
1267:
1240:
1226:
1212:
1201:. 11 July 2020
1186:
1158:
1133:
1108:
1082:
1048:
1023:
996:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
983:
977:
976:
962:
946:
943:
893:
890:
757:Jeevitha Nouka
748:Andhra Pradesh
739:
736:
685:Sati Sulochana
672:Sati Sulochana
658:Sati Sulochana
640:. Directed by
614:, was made by
540:
537:
511:Gemini Studios
427:film exhibitor
423:film projector
421:, purchased a
366:
363:
361:
358:
227:
226:
224:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
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143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
42:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1814:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Telugu cinema
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1673:
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903:Bharathiraja
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833:Chandralekha
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765:
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1797:Tulu cinema
1750:29 November
1678:13 December
1626:article in
1523:19 February
1179:11 February
1096:India Today
1005:ET Bureau.
973:Film portal
935:Hindi films
883:. His film
782:leaders in
771:Maala Pilla
720:film studio
642:C. Pullaiah
603:H. M. Reddy
587:Matsyavatar
529:AVM studios
519:South India
479:South India
243:South India
1766:Categories
1126:20 January
1101:20 January
1075:20 January
992:References
927:aesthetics
919:performing
899:Padmarajan
861:Prem Nazir
784:Tamil Nadu
752:Tamil Nadu
746:, Kerala,
712:S. Nottani
646:Sriranjani
499:Coimbatore
483:Coimbatore
461:gramophone
446:exhibition
435:Coimbatore
419:Coimbatore
399:Mount Road
395:Anna Salai
191:Sambalpuri
186:Rajasthani
1628:The Hindu
1606:The Hindu
1544:The Hindu
1513:The Hindu
1392:The Hindu
1360:The Hindu
1151:4 October
1070:0971-751X
1062:The Hindu
1016:1 January
897:films of
744:Karnataka
732:Kunchacko
681:Karnataka
457:megaphone
306:Baahubali
297:Bollywood
289:Malayalam
263:Malayalam
111:Jharkhand
1492:Archived
1146:Statista
945:See also
907:Malayali
875:Rajkumar
780:Congress
728:Alleppey
689:Kolhapur
669:). Both
637:Lavakusa
627:Alam Ara
579:Nandanar
559:Calcutta
465:dialogue
411:ballroom
196:Sanskrit
136:Kokborok
121:Kashmiri
101:Haryanvi
1555:29 June
857:Sathyan
694:Kannada
632:talkies
621:Kalidas
431:talkies
407:Western
401:). The
385:), the
383:Chennai
379:Chennai
360:History
285:Kannada
259:Kannada
181:Punjabi
171:Nagpuri
161:Marathi
156:Manipur
141:Konkani
131:Khortha
91:English
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702:talkie
653:talkie
585:, and
487:Madras
450:Madras
375:Madras
348:Salaar
330:Pushpa
324:Jailer
293:Mumbai
251:Telugu
206:Sindhi
166:Meitei
146:Kutchi
66:Bihari
51:Badaga
1205:9 May
911:Tamil
776:dowry
724:Udaya
707:Balan
665:(aka
533:India
491:Salem
454:Crone
281:Tamil
255:Tamil
126:Khasi
1752:2023
1680:2008
1578:ISBN
1557:2011
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1458:2011
1426:ISBN
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1373:2011
1312:ISBN
1263:ISBN
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1066:ISSN
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