298:
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Canada. In the early 21st century, there are more than 35,000. In the US 2010 census, 105,304 people identified as Piegan
Blackfeet, 27,279 of them full-blooded, the remainder self-identified as being of more than one race or, in some cases, with ancestry from more than one tribe, but they primarily identified as Blackfeet.
191:
After their homelands were divided by the nations of Canada and the United States of
America making boundaries between them, the Piegan people were forced to sign treaties with one of those two countries, settle in reservations on one side or the other of the border, and be enrolled in one of two
423:
because of disruption of food supplies and war. When the last buffalo hunt failed in 1882, that year became known as the starvation year. In 1900, there were an estimated 20,000 Blackfoot. In 1906 there were 2,072 under the
Blackfeet Agency in Montana, and 493 under the Piegan band in Alberta,
283:
Traditionally, Plains peoples were divided into "bands": groups of families who migrated together for hunting and defence. The bands of the Piegan, as given by
Grinnell, are: Ahahpitape, Ahkaiyikokakiniks, Kiyis, Sikutsipmaiks, Sikopoksimaiks, Tsiniksistsoyiks, Kutaiimiks, Ipoksimaiks,
284:
Silkokitsimiks, Nitawyiks, Apikaiviks, Miahwahpitsiks, Nitakoskitsipupiks, Nitikskiks, Inuksiks, Miawkinaiyiks, Esksinaitupiks, Inuksikahkopwaiks, Kahmitaiks, Kutaisotsiman, Nitotsiksisstaniks, Motwainaiks, Mokumiks, and
Motahtosiks. Hayden gives also Susksoyiks.
410:
In 1858 the Piegan in the United States were estimated to number 3,700. Three years later, Hayden estimated the population at 2,520. The population was at times dramatically lower when the
Blackfeet people suffered declines due to
441:
The
Blackfeet have "manly-hearted women". These were recorded as acting in many of the social roles of men. This includes a willingness to sing alone, usually considered "immodest", and using a men's singing style.
360:
The people practiced some agriculture and were partly nomadic. They moved westward after they adopted use of horses and guns, which gave them a larger range for bison hunting. They became part of the
334:
The Piegan people may be more recent arrivals in the area, as there is strong evidence that, beginning about 1730, their
Algonquian-speaking ancestors migrated southwest from what today is
1562:
527:
Fellowship and the
Independent Publisher Book Award for Multicultural Fiction, and other awards. At public readings he has said that his short story "Bestiary" is not fiction.
1030:
1215:
316:
In 2014, researchers reported on their sequencing of the DNA of a 12,500+-year-old infant skeleton in west-central
Montana, found in close association with several
1435:
1044:
280:(a Blackfoot person), may also be used as self-identification. In English, an individual may say, "I am Blackfoot" or "I am a member of the Blackfeet tribe."
338:. Before that, they may have lived further east, as many Algonquian-speaking peoples have historically lived along the Atlantic Coast, and others around the
618:
1547:
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1302:
1152:
227:. In 2010 the US Census reported 105,304 persons who identified as Blackfeet ("alone" or "in combination" with one or more races and/or tribes.)
438:
The Blackfeet hold belief "in a sacred force that permeates all things, represented symbolically by the sun whose light sustains all things".
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395:. Early accounts of contact with European-descended people date to the late eighteenth century. The fur trader James Gaddy and the
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482:(1940–2003), author and poet. While most of his published works were novels, he also wrote the non-fiction historical account,
243:(a "tribe" here refers to an ethnic or cultural group with a shared name and identity). The Piegan are closely related to the
427:
The Blackfeet had controlled large portions of Alberta and Montana. Today the Blackfeet Reservation in Montana is the size of
1516:
1201:
255:". Ethnographic literature most commonly uses "Blackfoot people", and Canadian Blackfoot people use the singular Blackfoot.
419:
epidemic on the Plains killed 6,000 Blackfeet, as well as thousands more in other tribes. The Blackfoot also suffered from
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251:(also called the "Blackfoot Nation"); together they are sometimes collectively referred to as "the Blackfoot" or "the
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476:(1846–1923), actress, educator, and bureaucrat ; was one of the first women elected to public office in Montana
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619:"2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010"
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that may date as far back as 5000 years. There was evidence that the people had made substantial use of
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government-like bodies sanctioned by North American nation-states. These two successor groups are the
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239:(also known as the Pikuni, Piikuni, Pikani, and Piikáni) are one of the three original tribes of the
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470:(1929–2021 ), former Chief of the Blackfeet Tribe; added to the Montana Indian Hall of Fame in 2007
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Constitution and By-Laws For the Blackfeet Tribe Of The Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana
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cultures in the early 19th century. According to tribal oral histories, humans lived near the
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for thousands of years before European contact. The Blackfoot creation story is set near
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1185:– nearly 1,000 digitized photographic negatives depicting life on the Blackfeet Nation.
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575:. He wrote and published 37 fiction and non-fiction books dealing with the Blackfeet,
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artifacts. It showed strong affinities with all existing Native American populations.
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739:"The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana"
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349:-language family indicate that the Blackfoot had long lived in an area west of the
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484:
Killing Custer: The Battle of Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians
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258:
The tribal governments and the US government use the term "Blackfeet", as in
219:
Today many Piegan live with the Blackfeet Nation with tribal headquarters in
1357:
404:
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Linguistic studies of the Blackfoot language in comparison to others in the
37:
17:
780:
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epidemics. They had no natural immunity to Eurasian diseases, and the 1837
172:. They are the largest of three Blackfoot-speaking groups that make up the
1065:. West Glacier, MT: Glacier Natural History Association. pp. 95–111.
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1061:
Hanna, Warren L. (1988). "James Willard Schultz-The Pikuni Storyteller".
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380:
379:
The introduction of the horse is placed at about 1730, when raids by the
32:
This page is about the Piegan. For other Blackfoot/Blackfeet tribes, see
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762:
384:
213:
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75:
312:(enrolled Blackfeet Tribe of Montana) with her award-winning beadwork
1116:, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958 (and later reprints).
1147:
296:
135:
353:. Like others in this language family, the Blackfoot language is
949:
Armstrong, Christopher; Evenden, Matthew; Nelles, H. V. (2009).
1197:
1051:, Minnesota State University, Mankato, (retrieved June 6, 2009)
509:(1872–1934) was a chief who became famous while promoting the
487:
301:
Chief Earl Old Person, chief of the Blackfeet Tribe in Montana
1063:
Stars over Montana-Men Who Made Glacier National Park History
407:, camped with a group of Piegan during the 1787–1788 winter.
983:"Earl Old Person inducted into Montana Indian Hall of Fame"
184:
are the others. The Piegan dominated much of the northern
1009:
The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West
831:
Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. December 2005, p. 2.
64:
2010 census: total of 105,304 (alone and in combination)
1451:
War against the Crow and Gros Ventre (circa 1861–1867)
951:
The River Returns: An Environmental History of the Bow
855:. Montana Office of Public Instruction. Archived from
323:
There is preliminary evidence of human habitation in
262:, as used on their official tribe website. The term
1421:
1385:
1345:
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1310:
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1100:, No. 13) Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1989,
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Blackfoot musical thought: comparative perspectives
660:
University of Cumbria: Overview of World Religions.
108:
95:
82:
68:
58:
51:
679:
1114:The Blackfeet: Raiders on the Northwestern Plains
36:. For the former Franco-Algerian population, see
1563:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1472:Peace with the Cree, circa 1871, (symbolized by
1173:Blackfeet Indian Stories by George Bird Grinnell
503:is based on the Blackfeet tribe and its culture.
583:. His works received critical literary acclaim.
272:
263:
156:
1483:US land annexation, migration to Canada (1874)
829:Ulm Pishkun State Park Management Plan: Final.
383:prompted the Piegan to obtain horses from the
223:. There were 32,234 Blackfeet recorded in the
1209:
850:"Montana Indians" Their History and Location"
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613:
611:
609:
8:
737:Rasmussen M, Anzick SL, et al. (2014).
716:. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 396.
46:
247:(also known as the "Blood Tribe"), and the
1436:1775–1782 North American smallpox epidemic
1314:
1235:
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540:(1849–1938), European-American author and
45:
1265:Amskapi Pikuni, South Piegan or Blackfeet
890:
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644:
642:
1128:The Blackfeet: An Annotated Bibliography
486:. He was one of the participants in the
304:
605:
571:guide, fur trader and historian of the
1130:, New York: Garland Publishing, 1988.
818:March 27, 2011, Accessed May 12, 2011.
812:"Buffalo Jump Expansion Unearths Gems"
403:, the first Whites recorded as seeing
1255:Piikani, Northern Peigan or Blackfoot
1148:Official Site of the Blackfoot Nation
548:during his travels and research as a
435:in Alberta have a much smaller area.
7:
1522:
873:Crinnell, George Bird (April 1892).
69:Regions with significant populations
1158:Blackfoot Culture and History Links
1098:Native American Bibliography Series
795:"Ancient American's genome mapped"
713:The Indian Tribes of North America
25:
1548:Native American tribes in Montana
953:. Montreal: McGill UP. p. 3.
1521:
1512:
1511:
1301:
1031:Stephen Graham Jones, "Bestiary"
1336:Fort Belknap Indian Reservation
686:. Kent State University Press.
649:"Blackfeet Religion: Doctrines"
567:(1859–1947), author, explorer,
525:National Endowment for the Arts
188:during the nineteenth century.
1153:Blackfoot – English Dictionary
1011:, W. W. Norton & Company,
1:
1493:Starvation winter (1883–1884)
1455:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
1446:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
1094:Bibliography of the Blackfoot
936:"Article Archives: Blackfoot"
1330:Blackfeet Indian Reservation
1168:Blackfeet Indian Reservation
892:10.1525/aa.1892.5.2.02a00050
495:Last Stand at Little Bighorn
372:in an area now known as the
140:The three chiefs Piegan, by
1441:1837–1838 smallpox epidemic
1183:Magee Photograph Collection
1007:Andrew R. Graybill (2013),
170:North American Great Plains
1579:
497:. His award-winning novel
449:
431:, and the three Blackfoot
273:
264:
198:federally recognized tribe
157:
34:Blackfoot (disambiguation)
31:
1507:
1461:Battle of the Belly River
1299:
1189:Blackfoot Digital Library
875:"Early Blackfoot History"
532:Books about the Blackfeet
331:from as early as AD 300.
225:1990 United States Census
113:
100:
87:
73:
63:
1463:(against the Cree, 1870)
1163:Blackfeet Indian History
662:(retrieved June 6, 2009)
544:; wrote accounts of the
523:(1972- ), author, won a
507:John Two Guns White Calf
474:Helen Piotopowaka Clarke
1498:Sweetgrass Hills Treaty
1047:April 27, 2009, at the
917:, (BiblioBazaar, 2006)
879:American Anthropologist
836:August 7, 2011, at the
1042:"George Bird Grinnell"
972:Nettl, 1989, p.84, 125
913:Blackfoot Lodge Tales"
909:Blackfoot Lodge Tales
905:Grinnell, George Bird
515:Great Northern Railway
313:
302:
144:
1283:Gros Ventre or Atsina
1225:Blackfoot Confederacy
654:May 22, 2009, at the
569:Glacier National Park
561:James Willard Schultz
511:Glacier National Park
450:Further information:
370:Glacier National Park
325:north central Montana
308:
300:
288:Relations and history
253:Blackfoot Confederacy
241:Blackfoot Confederacy
174:Blackfoot Confederacy
139:
109:Related ethnic groups
29:Native American tribe
1398:Gros Ventre language
1260:Siksika or Blackfoot
987:Golden Triangle News
907:George Bird Grinnell
816:Great Falls Tribune.
801:. February 14, 2014.
635:on December 9, 2014.
538:George Bird Grinnell
521:Stephen Graham Jones
397:Hudson's Bay Company
366:Rocky Mountain Front
1489:(with Canada, 1877)
1432:(circa 1730s-1800s)
1289:Tsuutʼina or Sarcee
763:10.1038/nature13025
755:2014Natur.506..225R
491:American Experience
374:Badger-Two Medicine
310:Jackie Larson Bread
166:Algonquian-speaking
103:Traditional beliefs
48:
1469:(by US Army, 1870)
1413:Blackfoot religion
1403:Tsuutʼina language
1393:Blackfoot language
1241:Blackfoot-speaking
1126:Johnson, Bryan R.
1092:and Lindsay Moir.
862:on April 29, 2014.
413:infectious disease
314:
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145:
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1285:(circa 1793–1861)
1232:Tribes or Nations
923:978-1-4264-4744-0
749:(7487): 225–229.
723:978-0-8063-1730-4
693:978-0-87338-370-7
573:Blackfeet Indians
555:Forest and Stream
454:in the U.S., and
221:Browning, Montana
134:
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16:(Redirected from
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581:Flathead Indians
546:Blackfeet Nation
452:Blackfeet Nation
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260:Blackfeet Nation
208:, a recognized "
204:, U.S., and the
200:in northwestern
194:Blackfeet Nation
168:people from the
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142:Edward S. Curtis
59:Total population
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47:Piegan Blackfeet
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318:Clovis culture
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1487:Treaty 7
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710:(1952).
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