362:. As part of these formations at the beginning of German air raids had more than 600 fighters; more than 1,000 guns of small and medium calibers; 350 machine guns; 124 fixed anti-aircraft barrage balloons; 612 stations and 600 anti-aircraft searchlights. The presence of such large forces and their skilful management foiled enemy attempts to inflict massive air strikes. Only 2.6 percent of the total number of Axis aircraft flew in the outskirts of Moscow as a result of their efforts. Air defence forces defending Moscow destroyed 738 enemy aircraft. Assaults by the 6th Fighter Aviation Corps inflicted heavy blows, destroying 567 enemy aircraft on the ground. The Air Defence Forces destroyed 1,305 aircraft and in combat with the armies of Nazi Germany and its allies, alongside the Air Force, destroyed 450 tanks and 5,000 military vehicles.
351:. At the outbreak of war, air defence forces were in the midst of rearmament. Anti-aircraft artillery teams had few of the latest 37 mm automatic and 85 mm guns. Moreover, the troops were deficient in Yak-1s and MiG-3s; 46 percent of the fleet were obsolete aircraft. Increased rates of production were initiated to provide the troops with new equipment. In July 1941, the National Defence Committee took several measures to strengthen the forces guarding Moscow and Leningrad, Yaroslavl and Gorky industrial areas, and strategic bridges across the Volga. To this end, the formation of parts of the IA, IN, anti-aircraft machine gun and searchlight units were accelerated.
105:
646:
975:) was initially established in 1975, to be celebrated on April 11. In 1980 this was changed to the second Sunday of April. It is still celebrated in the Russian Federation even after the 1998 merger of the Air Defence Forces with the Air Force. The unofficial motto of the PVO is 'Сами не летаем – другим не дадим'('Sami ne letaem – drugim ne dadim'), which can be translated as "Don't fly – don't let others" / "If we can't fly – we won't let anyone else either".
64:
2685:
2664:
2654:
2624:
2614:
2594:
2716:
2706:
2634:
2604:
2584:
2644:
207:
407:
which 4,168 and 3,145 were targeted by the IA antiaircraft artillery, machine guns and barrage balloons. More than 80,000 soldiers, sergeants, officers and generals of the
Country Air Defence Forces were awarded state orders and medals, and 92 soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and one was twice awarded the Gold Star Medal in service with the PVO.
1306:
2526:
933:, the air fleet of the PVO included roughly 2,200 fighters and interceptors. The personnel and equipment of many units were left in newly independent republics, although the impact of the loss was reduced by the relocation of some units back to Russia. The Russian Air Defence Forces ultimately inherited about 65% of final Soviet PVO assets.
406:
During the Second World War, the Air
Defence Forces provided defensive cover to defense industry complexes and vital communication elements, and successfully minimized aerial damage to Soviet industrial and transportation capacity. In the course of the war, the PVO destroyed 7,313 German aircraft, of
722:
In 1977, the Air Forces and Air
Defence Forces were re-organised in the Baltic states and the Leningrad Oblast (a trial run for the larger re-organisation in 1980 covering the whole country). All fighter units in the PVO were transferred to the VVS, the PVO only retaining the anti-aircraft missile
1043:
The PVO structure during the Cold War and in Russia until 1998 consisted of three specialized branches: the
Radiotechnical Troops (радиотехнические войска), Surface-to-Air Missile Troops (зенитно-ракетные войска), and Fighter Aviation (истребительная авиация; istrebitel'naya aviatsiya;
2492:"Советские Войска ПВО в последние годы Союза ССР. Часть 1" by A.G. Lenskiy and M.M. Tsybin, Saint Petersburg 2013, 164 pages. Comprehensive history of the Air Defence Forces, with unit histories of all units in existence during the last years of the USSR. Volume 2 is expected in 2014.
683:(formed 1954). The rest of the country was initially divided into PVO regions covering Belarus, the Ukraine, the Baltics and Central Asia. However, in 1960 it appears that most of the PVO regions/areas were reorganised into seven separate armies of the Air Defence Forces – the
816:
down, and modernization programmes within the PVO had led to the installation of radar and communications systems at the state border that could not effectively pass tracking data to systems closer to Moscow. PVO Commander-in-Chief
Marshal
821:
was only among the first to be removed from his position. Over 150 officers, mostly from the PVO, were tried in court and removed from their posts. A large-scale changeover of senior officers of the force more generally followed as well.
2558:
399:, and caused the division of the Transcaucasian Air Defence Area, which this year have been reorganized as the North, the South and the Transcaucasian Air Defence Fronts, air defence forces in the vicinity of Moscow were renamed the
373:
1724:
1237:
376:) was appointed. In January 1942, to improve the interaction of forces and air defence systems, the fighter aircraft and crews manning them were ordered to be subordinated to the Air Defence Command. In April 1942, the
2551:
481:
949:
2788:
2544:
221:
2783:
664:)), under Lieutenant-General of Artillery Yuri Votintsev, was formed within the Air Defence Forces. In February 1971 the 1st Division for Warning Against Missile Attack (1st Division WAMA,
2732:
1717:
597:
In May 1954, the PVO Strany was raised to a status equal to the other service branches of the Soviet Armed Forces, receiving its first commander-in-chief: Marshal of the Soviet Union
812:'s flight to Moscow in May 1987 caused a massive shakeup within the PVO. It seems that after the KAL 007 shootdown of 1983, no one was willing to give an order to bring Rust's tiny
1038:
672:)) was formed with HQ in Solnechnegorsk, the 57th Separate Radiotechnical Nod in Olenegorsk, Murmansk Oblast and the 129th Separate Radiotechnical Nod in Skrunda, Latvian SSR.
2763:
794:
airspace, and had to make an emergency landing when a Soviet Air Force Su-15 fired on it. Soviet government officials finally admitted their mistake much to the anger of the
437:
Northern Front PVO 21 April 1944 – 23 December 1944 formed from
Headquarters, Western PVO Front (1st formation); re-flagged as Headquarters, Western PVO Front (2nd formation)
2758:
1779:
2313:
2340:
George M. Mellinger, Chapter IV, Soviet
Deployments and Military Districts, 1990, in Soviet Armed Forces Review Annual 14:1990, Academic International Press
779:
list of 17 January 1980. That total included 15 Air
Defence Forces schools (four Fighter Aviation, five radio-electronics, and six Anti-Aircraft Rocket).
391:
In June 1943, the Office of the
Commander of Air Defence Forces of the country was disbanded. Following the reorganization in April 1944 that created the
728:
571:
2068:
This army, corps, and division data is drawn from Feskov et al. 2004, pp. 151–152. Corrections where necessary have been made from
Michael Holm's site,
952:) with the 16th Guards, 20th, and 94th Mukden Air Defence Divisions). In 1998, the force groupings and headquarters of the PVO that had remained within
188:(VVS) and Air Defence Troops of Ground Forces. During the Soviet period it was generally ranked third in importance of the Soviet services, behind the
798:
and the United States governments. It even resulted in the forced and sudden resignation of the then Armed Forces Chief of the General Staff, Marshal
320:
415:
During the war PVO formations were organised as Air Defence Fronts and Air Defence Armies. PVO Fronts normally covered airspace over several ground
1676:
448:
Southern Front PVO 21 April 1944 – 24 December 1944 formed from Headquarters, Eastern PVO Front; re-flagged as Headquarters, Southwestern PVO Front
445:
Moscow Front PVO 6 April 1942 – 10 July 1943 formed from Headquarters, Moscow PVO Corps Region; re-flagged as Headquarters, Special Moscow PVO Army
618:
aircraft. There were a number of such aircraft shot down while operating around the Soviet borders, including MiG-17s downing a US reconnaissance
948:. In accordance with a December 1994 directive, the 14th Independent Air Defence Army was reorganized as the 6th Independent Air Defence Corps (
2530:
2778:
2667:
2597:
2508:
2448:
2503:. Europe @ War (20). Vol. 1 Build-up and Operational History of the Soviet Air Defence Force, 1945–1960. Warwick, UK: Helion & Co.
1659:
1284:
289:
1956:
354:
A classic example of a major political organization of defence and industrial center was the defence of Moscow. It was carried out by the
1838:
945:
2753:
2571:
2325:
1452:
1392:
587:
273:
2476:
2371:
1646:
1221:
1210:
1177:
1167:
716:
708:
704:
700:
294:
1931:
1113:
1072:
937:
692:
688:
1981:
802:, in the following year by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (leader of the Soviet Union)
1756:
1260:
1099:
1094:
930:
400:
2113:
732:
359:
1776:
567:
2773:
1066:
313:
1104:
1606:
843:
818:
104:
2768:
1807:
1696:
1117:
1052:
961:
767:
676:
2038:
786:
after the civilian airliner had crossed into restricted Soviet airspace and was mistaken for a spy plane. Previously
1935:
1882:
1225:
1181:
575:
2267:
2242:
2217:
2192:
2167:
2142:
2617:
2495:«На страже северного неба» (Москва, 2005) председатель совета ветеранов 10-й армии ПВО генерал-майор А. С. Иванов
2092:
1575:
747:
680:
392:
381:
1858:
1249:
1202:
1138:
918:
889:
396:
377:
306:
1197:
184:
in 1998. Unlike Western air defence forces, V-PVO was a branch of the military unto itself, separate from the
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1432:
1338:
1332:
1280:
1231:
1192:
1160:
1155:
1088:
1083:
1056:
619:
591:
226:
189:
1078:
355:
2463:
1638:
1467:
1448:
1405:
1270:
1133:
1123:
912:
583:
1740:
the formation of PVO (Strany) as a co-equal with other services of the Soviet armed forces in May of 1954
2423:
2001:
1674:
1256:
1187:
877:
787:
783:
712:
639:
608:
385:
2536:
403:. In the Far East in March 1945, three air defence armies were established: Maritime, Amur and Baikal.
369:
2607:
2004:, The Collapse of the Soviet Military, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1998, pp. 107–111
1318:
1149:
1062:
803:
751:
696:
684:
622:
over Armenia, with 17 casualties in 1958. The PVO gained an important victory on May 1, 1960, when a
344:
177:
2072:
2719:
1366:
645:
563:
461:
416:
198:
170:
78:
944:
in the Urals was transformed into the 5th Independent Air Defence Corps, which in 1998 became the
2709:
2637:
2587:
2567:
1657:
1372:
1013:
635:
615:
451:
Southwestern Front PVO 24 December 1944 – 9 May 1945 formed from Headquarters, Southern PVO Front
675:
Organisationally, there were two main PVO districts for most of the USSR's postwar history, the
1952:
2688:
2647:
2504:
2472:
2444:
2411:
2390:
2367:
2321:
1842:
1642:
957:
906:
871:
856:
365:
On November 9, 1941, the post of the Commander of the Air Defence Forces was created and
348:
252:
181:
1904:
343:
Preparations for creation of the air defence forces started in 1932, and by the beginning of
2627:
1358:
547:
532:
517:
502:
487:
469:
420:
185:
124:
1806:[October 4 – Day of Military Space Forces in Russia] (in Russian). Prazdnuem. n.d.
2657:
2468:
2076:
1862:
1783:
1680:
1663:
1527:
1482:
1477:
1048:). Armies, corps, and divisions of the PVO were made up of units from all three branches.
999:
992:
799:
775:
759:
388:
were later raised. These were the first operational formations of the Air Defence Forces.
2290:"19th independent Red Banner Air Defence Army - 19-я отдельная Краснознамённая армия ПВО"
460:
All the possible air components were divided (as of 1945, before the 1949 reforms of the
17:
2684:
440:
2nd formation 24 December 1944 – 9 May 1945 formed from Headquarters, Northern PVO Front
2458:
1753:"Intrusions, Overflights, Shootdowns and Defections During the Cold War and Thereafter"
1634:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1569:
1563:
1551:
1522:
1472:
1385:
1350:
1006:
985:
739:
598:
2663:
2653:
2623:
2613:
2593:
656:
On March 30, 1967, a Directorate of the Chief of Anti-Missile and Anti-Space Defence (
434:
1st formation 29 June 1943 – 20 April 1944 renamed to Headquarters, Northern PVO Front
2747:
2437:
1977:
1752:
1557:
1545:
1539:
1517:
724:
605:
366:
723:
units and radar units – the 6th Independent Air Defence Army was disbanded, and the
2117:
1512:
1445:
1344:
1326:
941:
809:
743:
631:
68:
2715:
2705:
2633:
2603:
2583:
1718:"History Of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense (Vol. 1, Pt. 2) 1945–1955"
2643:
1507:
1413:
1399:
1171:
795:
653:
The PVO had its own chain of command, schools, radar and sound director sites.
627:
574:, among its regiments, were transferred to the PVO Strany, becoming part of the
257:
239:
166:
1932:"The Soviet Military Education System for Commissioning and Training Officers"
1419:
813:
755:
623:
2415:
2394:
1029:
The post was then disestablished with the merger of the PVO and VVS in 1998.
1291:
206:
1803:
1692:
2525:
2045:
1305:
1978:"Рейс "KAL" # 902 по расписанию не прибыл / История / Независимая газета"
791:
773:
Shelton lists a total of 140 officer commissioning schools, drawn from a
763:
234:
2289:
1874:
715:. In 1963 the 30th independent Air Defence Corps in Tashkent became the
419:; these should not be confused with each other. The Air Defence Fronts (
2263:
2238:
2213:
2188:
2163:
2138:
1142:
2088:
738:
During the 1980s, the PVO interceptor units were re-equipped with the
1439:
1022:
General of the Army Viktor Prudnikov – September 1991 – December 1997
953:
658:Управление командующего войсками противоракетной и противокосмической
611:
88:
2114:"4-я отдельная Краснознамённая армия ПВО, в/ч 10866 (г. Свердловск)"
1855:
1425:
1304:
644:
579:
1127:
1019:
General of the Army Ivan Тret'yak – 31 May 1987 – 24 August 1991
582:. There, the regiment became one of the first equipped with the
2540:
2408:
Soviet Air Defense Forces in the last years of the USSR: Part 3
2387:
Soviet Air Defense Forces in the last years of the USSR: Part 2
2294:
Soviet Armed Forces 1945-1991: Organisation and order of battle
964:, and the 4th, 5th, 6th, 11th, and 14th Armies of VVS and PVO.
614:
if they penetrated Soviet airspace. Secondary target were U.S.
1953:"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-321B HL7429 Korpijärvi Lake"
1939:
1269:
12th Air Defence Corps (Rostov-na-Don, Rostov Oblast) (became
590:
jet fighters. In April 1950, the regiment received its first
176:
Formed in 1941, it continued being a service branch of the
1025:
Colonel-General Viktor Sinitsin – December 1997 – Feb 1998
2733:
List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
2404:Советские Войска ПВО в последние годы Союза ССР. Часть 3
2383:Советские Войска ПВО в последние годы Союза ССР. Часть 2
2069:
1463:
Previous fighter aircraft operated by the PVO included:
754:. The modernization of the PVO prioritized units in the
735:
and training assets, which were moved to the Air Force.
731:. By 1981, the now Voyska PVO had been stripped of many
1266:
Communications Center (Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast)
1039:
List of Corps & Divisions of the Russian Air Force
2435:
Scott, Harriet Fast; Scott, William Fontaine (1979).
480:) – air forces assigned to fighting fronts, known as
2789:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1991
99:
94:
84:
74:
57:
49:
41:
29:
2436:
2784:Military units and formations established in 1948
649:Soviet Air Defence Forces surface-to-air missiles
2013:
1918:
1804:"4 октября – День военно-космических сил России"
1428:– 300+ sites, 2 or 4 missile launchers and rails
347:, June 1941, there were 13 PVO zones within the
666:1-я Дивизия предупреждения о ракетном нападении
2430:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
1793:15 January 2009. Retrieved: 15 September 2012.
1276:14th Air Defence Corps (Tbilisi, Georgian SSR)
640:Strategic Air Command#Strategic Reconnaissance
2552:
2410:] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Info Ol.
2389:] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Info Ol.
2314:International Institute for Strategic Studies
2025:
962:Moscow District of Air and Air Defence Forces
907:Military Air Forces of the Russian Federation
314:
116:Air defense branch of the Soviet Armed Forces
8:
851:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
562:The PVO Strany was separated from the other
604:The PVO's principal role was to shoot down
516:Reserve forces of the Stavka High Command (
2764:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
2559:
2545:
2537:
2362:Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Dmitry (2012).
829:
729:Air Forces of the Baltic Military District
572:180th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO
321:
307:
205:
194:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1542:- Obsolete short-range air-to-air missile
864:USSR, Commonwealth of Independent States
180:after 1991 until it was merged into the
2759:1948 establishments in the Soviet Union
1622:
979:Commanders-in-Chief, Air Defence Forces
913:Aviation of the Military Maritime Fleet
898:
878:Aviation of the Military Maritime Fleet
863:
850:
837:
832:
281:
265:
213:
197:
1934:, a bibliographical description and a
1905:"1st Guards Fighter Aviation Division"
1246:56th Air Defence Corps (Semipalatinsk)
782:On 1 September 1983 the PVO shot down
26:
2668:Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces
2364:Soviet Air Defence Aviation 1945–1991
2116:. Russianarms.mybb.ru. Archived from
568:15th Guards Fighter Aviation Division
427:) had the following service history:
7:
2402:Lenskii, A.G.; Tsybin, M.M. (2015).
2381:Lenskii, A.G.; Tsybin, M.M. (2014).
2349:The Military Balance 2010. p.222,223
1285:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
1283:" Air Defence Corps (Alyaty (Baku),
566:services in 1949. In June 1949, the
290:Military history of the Soviet Union
2428:The Collapse of the Soviet Military
1955:. Aviation-safety.net. 1978-04-20.
1875:"12th independent Air Defence Army"
1810:from the original on April 26, 2012
1105:765th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO
946:5th Air and Air Defence Forces Army
752:S-300 surface-to-air missile system
746:, while missile units received new
2572:Commonwealth of Independent States
2443:. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
1236:39th Air Defence Corps (Irkutsk) (
857:Workers and Peasants Red Air Fleet
588:Mikoyan-and-Gurevich Design Bureau
274:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
25:
2320:. London: Brassey's. p. 38.
1856:http://www.ww2.dk/new/pvo/pvo.htm
1730:from the original on 22 July 2011
1578:- Medium-range air-to-air missile
1572:- Medium-range air-to-air missile
1548:- Medium-range air-to-air missile
1257:19th Independent Air Defence Army
1222:14th Independent Air Defence Army
1211:12th Independent Air Defence Army
1168:10th Independent Air Defence Army
717:12th Independent Air Defence Army
411:Structure during Second World War
295:History of Russian military ranks
153:protivovozdushnaya oborona strany
2714:
2704:
2683:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2632:
2622:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2524:
1787:National Vigilance Park- NSA/CSS
1777:"The Shootdown of Flight 60528."
1596:- Short-range air-to-air missile
1590:- Short-range air-to-air missile
1554:- Short-range air-to-air missile
1114:6th Independent Air Defence Army
1073:4th Independent Air Defence Army
938:4th Independent Air Defence Army
762:due to the threat from American
486:PVO Territorial Defence Forces (
133:voyska protivovozdushnoy oborony
103:
62:
2318:The military balance. 1991-1992
2270:from the original on 2013-04-29
2245:from the original on 2013-10-03
2220:from the original on 2013-10-04
2195:from the original on 2013-10-04
2170:from the original on 2013-10-05
2145:from the original on 2013-10-05
2095:from the original on 2013-10-05
1984:from the original on 2013-09-04
1959:from the original on 2011-04-27
1885:from the original on 2017-07-26
1841:. Brinkster.com. Archived from
1759:from the original on 2013-05-14
1699:from the original on 2013-10-05
1584:- Long-range air-to-air missile
1566:- Long-range air-to-air missile
1560:- Long-range air-to-air missile
1503:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed
1313:The PVO inventory of 1991 was:
1261:Transcaucasus Military District
1178:11th Red Banner Army of the PVO
1100:764th Fighter Aviation Regiment
1095:763rd Fighter Aviation Regiment
872:Military Air Forces of the USSR
833:Historical Air Forces of Russia
339:Service during Second World War
163:Anti-Air Defence of the Country
2039:"Russian titled documentation"
1498:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 Farmer
1493:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 Fresco
1216:24th and 37th Corps of the PVO
374:ru:Громадин, Михаил Степанович
360:6th Fighter Aviation Corps PVO
282:History of the Soviet Military
1:
2531:Air force of the Soviet Union
2499:Dabrowski, Krzysztof (2022).
2089:"Moscow Air Defence District"
1488:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot
1442:– 850 sites, 15 more building
1433:Almaz S-200 Angara\Vega\Dubna
1408:in service in 1990 included:
1205:and 29th Divisions of the PVO
1067:Belorussian Military District
576:20th Fighter Air Defence Army
2779:Military of the Soviet Union
2439:The Armed Forces of the USSR
2288:Holm, Michael (2013-02-17).
2044:. Old.vko.ru. Archived from
2014:Gordon & Komissarov 2012
1919:Gordon & Komissarov 2012
1607:Joint CIS Air Defense System
1238:ru:Мукденское соединение ПВО
1005:Marshal of the Soviet Union
991:Marshal of the Soviet Union
984:Marshal of the Soviet Union
844:Emperor's Military Air Fleet
556:PVO nedeystvuyuschih frontov
511:armiya PVO territorii strany
496:voiska PVO territorii strany
492:войска ПВО территории страны
266:Ranks of the Soviet Military
1903:Michael Holm (2015-01-01).
1828:See Vad777 and Michael Holm
1695:. Pvo.guns.ru. 2005-04-27.
1453:A-35 missile defence system
1290:10th Air Defence Division (
1118:Leningrad Military District
1053:Moscow Air Defence District
950:ru:6-й_отдельный_корпус_ПВО
768:United States Pacific Fleet
677:Moscow Air Defence District
586:, the first of a series of
531:PVO of military districts (
507:армия ПВО территории страны
2805:
1226:Siberian Military District
1182:Far East Military District
1036:
1012:Chief Marshal of Aviation
748:electronic countermeasures
431:Western Air Defence Front
397:Eastern Air Defence Fronts
2754:Soviet Air Defence Forces
2728:
2697:
2676:
2578:
2026:Lenskii & Tsybin 2014
1980:. Nvo.ng.ru. 2004-06-11.
1679:October 24, 2008, at the
1641:, Hamish Hamilton, 1982,
1426:Isayev S-125 Neva\Pechora
1250:41st Air Defence Division
1203:24th Air Defence Division
1139:14th Air Defence Division
969:Day of Air Defence Forces
552:ПВО недействующих фронтов
551:
536:
521:
506:
491:
473:
424:
128:
121:Soviet Air Defence Forces
34:
30:Soviet Air Defence Forces
18:Soviet Air Defense Forces
2264:"60th Air Defence Corps"
2239:"49th Air Defence Corps"
2214:"54th Air Defence Corps"
2189:"27th Air Defence Corps"
2164:"20th Air Defence Corps"
2139:"19th Air Defence Corps"
1755:. Myplace.frontier.com.
1259:(19th Army of the PVO) (
1198:6th Air Defence Division
592:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15s
546:PVO of inactive fronts (
501:PVO Territorial Armies (
378:Moscow Air Defence Front
1483:Lavochkin La-15 Fantail
1406:Surface-to-air missiles
1339:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25
1333:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23
1057:Special Purpose Command
919:Strategic Rocket Forces
890:Strategic Rocket Forces
884:Anti-Air Defence Troops
620:Lockheed C-130 Hercules
401:Moscow Air Defence Army
386:Baku Air Defence Armies
227:Strategic Rocket Forces
192:and the Ground Forces.
190:Strategic Rocket Forces
149:Anti-Air Defence Troops
2464:Inside the Soviet Army
2366:. Manchester: Hikoki.
1930:Christina F. Shelton,
1639:Inside the Soviet Army
1468:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3
1449:Anti-Ballistic Missile
1310:
1271:51st Air Defence Corps
1243:50th Air Defence Corps
1232:38th Air Defence Corps
1193:23rd Air Defence Corps
1161:60th Air Defence Corps
1156:49th Air Defence Corps
1134:54th Air Defence Corps
1124:27th Air Defence Corps
1089:20th Air Defence Corps
1084:19th Air Defence Corps
936:In December 1994, the
931:Soviet Union dissolved
826:Under the Russian flag
790:had once crossed into
650:
584:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9
478:deystvuyuschaya armiya
2070:http://www.ww2.dk/new
1662:May 21, 2013, at the
1518:Tupolev Tu-28 Fiddler
1508:Sukhoi Su-9 Fishpot-C
1309:A Sukhoi Su-15 Flagon
1308:
1263:) - listing for 1988
1188:8th Air Defence Corps
1079:5th Air Defence Corps
960:becoming part of the
956:were merged with the
788:Korean Air Flight 902
784:Korean Air Flight 007
713:19th Air Defence Army
648:
609:Strategic Air Command
380:was founded, and the
356:1st Air Defence Corps
2774:Disbanded air forces
2618:Kazakhstan Air Force
2608:Belarusian Air Force
2598:Azerbaijan Air Force
2533:at Wikimedia Commons
1936:link to the document
1513:Sukhoi Su-11 Fishpot
1478:Lavochkin La-11 Fang
1473:Lavochkin La-9 Fritz
1420:Lavochkin S-75 Dvina
1400:Beriev A-50 Mainstay
1150:8th Air Defence Army
1091:(Perm, Perm Oblast)
1063:2nd Air Defence Army
998:Marshal of Aviation
804:Konstantin Chernenko
634:, causing the short
345:Operation Barbarossa
178:Russian Armed Forces
2720:Ukrainian Air Force
1534:Air-to-air missiles
1294:, Volgograd Oblast)
733:command and control
564:Soviet Armed Forces
541:PVO voennyh okrugov
537:ПВО военных округов
462:Soviet Armed Forces
199:Soviet Armed Forces
171:Soviet Armed Forces
79:Soviet Armed Forces
2769:Air defence forces
2710:Georgian Air Force
2638:Moldovan Air Force
2588:Armenian Air Force
2075:2010-12-01 at the
1861:2017-06-04 at the
1782:2014-06-01 at the
1594:R-73, AA-11 Archer
1373:Aero L-39 Albatros
1311:
1014:Alexander Koldunov
899:Russian Federation
770:carrier aircraft.
679:(formed 1950) and
651:
636:U-2 crisis of 1960
616:air reconnaissance
349:military districts
248:Air Defence Forces
2741:
2740:
2689:Turkmen Air Force
2648:Russian Air Force
2529:Media related to
2510:978-1-915070-71-5
2450:978-0-89158-276-2
2028:, pp. 55–56.
1942:format, Appendix.
1576:R-27, AA-10 Alamo
1528:Yak-25 Flashlight
1459:Obsolete aircraft
1055:(now the Russian
1016:– 1978 – May 1987
958:Russian Air Force
927:
926:
526:rezerv Stavki VGK
522:резерв Ставки ВГК
474:действующая армия
331:
330:
111:
110:
16:(Redirected from
2796:
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2628:Kyrgyz Air Force
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1564:R-40, AA-6 Acrid
1552:K-13, AA-2 Atoll
1540:K-5, AA-1 Alkali
1367:Aero L-29 Delfín
1301:Inventory (1991)
1075:(HQ Sverdlovsk)
830:
750:systems and the
553:
538:
523:
508:
493:
482:frontal aviation
475:
426:
370:Mikhail Gromadin
323:
316:
309:
209:
195:
186:Soviet Air Force
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53:14 February 1992
35:Войска ПВО СССР
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2487:Further reading
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2469:Hamish Hamilton
2459:Suvorov, Viktor
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1570:R-23, AA-7 Apex
1536:
1461:
1303:
1041:
1035:
1000:Vladimir Sudets
993:Sergey Biryuzov
981:
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800:Nikolai Ogarkov
776:Krasnaya Zvezda
626:missile downed
458:
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37:Voyska PVO SSSR
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2006:
2002:William E Odom
1994:
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1911:
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1386:Tupolev Tu-128
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1440:Almaz S-300
1435:– 130 sites
1414:S-25 Berkut
1279:15th "Lvov
1172:Arkhangelsk
1009:– 1966–1978
1002:– 1962–1966
995:– 1955–1962
988:– 1954–1955
892:(1959–1992)
886:(1948–1992)
880:(1918–1992)
874:(1918–1992)
859:(1918–1991)
846:(1909–1917)
727:became the
628:Gary Powers
417:Army Fronts
240:Soviet Army
167:air defence
85:Garrison/HQ
45:24 May 1918
2748:Categories
2568:Air Forces
2299:2022-05-25
2274:2013-10-03
2266:. Ww2.dk.
2249:2013-10-03
2241:. Ww2.dk.
2224:2013-10-03
2216:. Ww2.dk.
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2091:. Ww2.dk.
2055:2013-10-03
1988:2013-10-03
1963:2013-10-03
1889:2017-05-10
1879:www.ww2.dk
1849:2013-10-03
1814:October 5,
1763:2013-10-03
1703:2013-10-03
1613:References
1379:In storage
1281:Red Banner
1152:(HQ Kiev)
1037:See also:
814:Cessna 172
756:High North
624:S-75 Dvina
425:Фронты ПВО
253:Air Forces
214:Components
165:) was the
158:PVO strany
138:voyska PVO
129:войска ПВО
2680:Associate
2416:861180616
2395:861180616
1618:Citations
1292:Volgograd
1033:Structure
929:When the
382:Leningrad
182:Air Force
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2426:(1998).
2316:(1991).
2268:Archived
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2073:Archived
1982:Archived
1957:Archived
1883:Archived
1859:Archived
1808:Archived
1791:nsa.gov,
1780:Archived
1757:Archived
1725:Archived
1697:Archived
1677:Archived
1660:Archived
1601:See also
1395:aircraft
1359:trainers
1273:in 1998)
792:Murmansk
764:spyplane
760:Far East
758:and the
670:1-я дПРН
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456:Cold War
358:and the
235:Red Army
95:Insignia
2570:of the
2356:Sources
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518:Russian
503:Russian
488:Russian
470:Russian
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2412:OCLC
2391:OCLC
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1854:and
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