788:. Putin said that "we can't allow anyone to impose a sense of guilt on us" and that the new manual helps present a more balanced view of Russian history than that promoted by the West. The book says that repressions, carried out by Stalin and others, were "a necessary evil in response to a cold war started by America against the Soviet Union." It cites a recent opinion poll in Russia that gave Stalin an approval rating of 47%, and states that "The Soviet Union was not a democracy, but it was an example for millions of people around the world of the best and fairest society."
4839:
470:
6536:
5552:
249:, and many areas of history were also forbidden for research because, officially, they had never happened. For this reason, Soviet historiography remained mostly outside the international historiography of the period. Translations of foreign historiography were produced (if at all) in a truncated form, accompanied by extensive censorship and "corrective" footnotes. For example, in the Russian 1976 translation of
426:—considered to be the vanguard of the working class – was given the role of permanent leading force in society, rather than a temporary revolutionary organization. As such, it became the protagonist of history, which could not be wrong. Hence the unlimited powers of the Communist Party leaders were claimed to be as infallible and inevitable as the history itself. It also followed that a worldwide victory of
716:, then the deputy editor of the foremost Soviet journal on history, in spring of 1956 published a bold article examining the role of Bolsheviks in 1917 and demonstrated that Stalin had been an ally of Kamenev—who had been executed as a traitor in 1936—and that Lenin had been a close associate of Zinoviev—who had been executed as a traitor in 1936—Burdzhalov was moved to an uninfluential post.
479:
6546:
681:
19th and 20th century history, especially
Russian and Soviet history. Part of the Soviet historiography was affected by extreme ideological bias, and potentially compromised by the deliberate distortions and omissions. Yet part of Soviet historiography produced a large body of significant scholarship which continues to be used in the modern research.
4308:
641:' organizers were executed and results destroyed altogether, and no further censuses were conducted until 1959. The reliability of data improved after 1956 when some missing data was published and Soviet experts themselves published some adjusted data for the Stalin era; however the quality of documentation has deteriorated.
299:
Certain regions and periods of history were made unreliable for political reasons. Entire historical events could be erased, if they did not fit the party line. For example, until 1989 the Soviet leadership and historians, unlike their
Western colleagues, had denied the existence of a secret protocol
654:
prescriptions—and by internal propaganda, with its goal of portraying the Soviet state in the most positive light to its own citizens. Nonetheless the policy of not publishing—or simply not collecting—data that was deemed unsuitable for various reasons was much more common than simple falsification;
636:
As with all Soviet historiography, the reliability of Soviet statistical data varied from period to period. The first revolutionary decade and the period of Stalin's dictatorship both appear highly problematic with regard to statistical reliability; very few statistical data were published from 1936
153:
It studies the theoretical and methodological features in every school of historical thought. Marxist–Leninist historiography analyzes the source-study basis of a historical work, the nature of the use of sources, and specific research methods. It analyzes problems of historical research as the most
68:
approach associated with the
Western analysis of the Soviet Union as a totalitarian society, controlled by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, this school "thought that signs of dissent merely represented a misreading of commands from above." For Enteen the other school
680:
Not all areas of Soviet historiography were equally affected by the ideological demands of the government; additionally, the intensity of these demands varied over time. The impact of ideological demands also varied based on the field of history. The areas most affected by ideological demands were
552:
and the suffering and devastation that Russia endured. Soviet historians attribute the success of
Genghis Khan to the fact that feudalism among his people had not developed, which would have involved with feudal and political strife. By contrast, the peoples opposed to the Mongols were in a mature
553:
state of feudalism and the political disunity that went with it. Soviet historians conclude that the Mongol domination had disastrous consequences for Russia's historical progress and development. It is also argued that by bearing the full weight of the
Mongolian invasions, Russia helped to save
174:
must seem necessary to ideologically motivated attempts to transform society massively and speedily, against its natural possibilities. The accompanying falsifications took place, and on a barely credible scale, in every sphere. Real facts, real statistics, disappeared into the realm of fantasy.
141:
is a major methodological principle of
Marxist historiography. Based on this principle, historiography predicts that there will be an abolition of capitalism by a socialist revolution made by the working class. Soviet historians believed that Marxist–Leninist theory permitted the application of
540:
Soviet historians trace the origin of feudalism in Russia to the 11th century, after the founding of the
Russian state. The class struggle in medieval times is emphasized because of the hardships of feudal relations. For example, Soviet historians argue that uprisings in Kiev in 1068–69 were a
366:
predetermined much of the research done by historians. Research by scholars in the USSR was limited to a large extent due to this predetermination. Some Soviet historians could not offer non-Marxist theoretical explanations for their interpretation of sources. This was true even when alternate
149:
Marxist–Leninist historiography has several aspects. It explains the social basis of historical knowledge, determines the social functions of historical knowledge and the means by which these functions are carried out, and emphasizes the need to study concepts in connection with the social and
524:
of Kievan Rus in the Soviet Union for ideological reasons. "Anti-Normanists" accused
Normanist theory proponents of distorting history by depicting the Slavs as undeveloped primitives. In contrast, Soviet historians stated that the Slavs laid the foundations of their statehood long before the
72:
In
Markwick's view there are a number of important post war historiographical movements, which have antecedents in the 1920s and 1930s. Surprisingly these include culturally and psychologically focused history. In the late 1920s Stalinists began limiting individualist approaches to history,
3602:
644:
Some researchers say that on occasion the Soviet authorities may have completely "invented" statistical data potentially useful in historical research (such as economic data invented to prove the successes of the Soviet industrialization, or some published numbers of
69:
of writing on Soviet historiography is the social-history school which draws attention to "important initiative from historians at odds with the dominant powers in the field." Enteen is unable to decide between these different approaches based on current literature.
5688:
132:
Soviet-era historiography was deeply influenced by
Marxism. Marxism maintains that the moving forces of history are determined by material production and the rise of different socioeconomic formations. Applying this perspective to socioeconomic formations such as
5043:
3648:
3636:
95:", in which were given "official and verified by the Central Committee interpretation of basic issues of history of the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and Marxism-Leninism and without allowing any other arbitrary interpretations".
677:" and misrepresented the views of opponents. He also argued that the Stalinist regime employed an array of professional historians as well as economists to justify policy manoeuvering and safeguarding its own set of material interests.
145:
Marx and Engels' ideas of the importance of class struggle in history, the destiny of the working class, and the role of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the revolutionary party are of major importance in Marxist methodology.
206:
was severely restricted. Historians were required to pepper their works with references—appropriate or not—to Stalin and other "Marxist–Leninist classics", and to pass judgment—as prescribed by the Party—on pre-revolution historic
421:
Soviet historiography interpreted this theory to mean that the creation of the Soviet Union was the most important turning event in human history, since the USSR was considered to be the first socialist society. Furthermore, the
5194:
5234:
819:, against the perceived anti-Soviet and anti-Russian slander. Officially, the Commission's mission is to "defend Russia against falsifiers of history and those who would deny Soviet contribution to the victory in
157:
Soviet historiography has been severely criticized by scholars, chiefly—but not only—outside the Soviet Union and Russia. Its status as "scholarly" at all has been questioned, and it has often been dismissed as
75:
704:
as the driving force of history. However posthumously Pokrovsky was accused of "vulgar sociologism", and his books were banned. After Stalin's death, and the subsequent renouncement of his policies during the
283:
The official version of Soviet history was dramatically changed after every major governmental shake-up. Previous leaders were denounced as "enemies", whereas current leaders usually became the subject of a
3624:
649:
prisoners and terror victims—as Conquest claims). Data was falsified both during collection—by local authorities who would be judged by the central authorities based on whether their figures reflected the
440:
Soviet historians have also been criticized for a Marxist bias in the interpretation of other historical events, unrelated to the Soviet Union. Thus, for example, they assigned to the rebellions in the
187:
disappeared from the official record. A new past, as well as new present, was imposed on the captive minds of the Soviet population, as was, of course, admitted when truth emerged in the late 1980s."
344:
for many years, yet that policy was denied or minimized by Soviet historians for decades and modern Western scholars have noted that "In the past, Soviet historians engaged for the most part in a
5884:
3389:
88:
332:
were not recognized as facts worthy of mention. Soviet historians also engaged in producing false claims and falsification of history; for example Soviet historiography falsely claimed that the
5153:
276:, Allied assistance to the Soviet Union during the war, many other Western Allies' efforts, the Soviet leadership's mistakes and failures, criticism of the Soviet Union and other content were
1259:
Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre, Małgorzata Kużniar-Plota, Departamental Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, Warsaw 30 November 2004,
6112:
5879:
5297:
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242:
could not be proven wrong, it was infallible and reality was to conform to this line. Any non-conformist history had to be erased, and questioning of the official history was illegal.
6094:
5889:
3853:
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320:
of 1919–1920 were censored out or minimized in most publications, and research was suppressed, in order to enforce the policy of 'Polish-Soviet friendship'. Similarly, the enforced
576:, for his leadership in the struggle against the Mongols, is credited for being an outstanding military commander and contributing significantly to the unity of the Russian lands.
4038:
6386:
4320:
273:
842:
91:
issued a special statement that the course and its chapter "About dialectic and historical materialism" were declared as "encyclopedia of philosophical knowledge in a field of
6581:
5864:
5391:
4878:
124:
to Stalinist dialectical materialism, secondly a social psychology of history emerged through a reading of Leninist psychology, thirdly a "culturological" tendency emerged.
4388:
337:
176:
560:
The struggle against foreign domination and the heroism of its participants is a recurring theme in Soviet historiography. Soviet historians have an upbeat assessment of
6380:
4668:
1604:
originally published in Перепись населения СССР 1937 года. История и материалы/Экспресс-информация. Серия "История статистики". Выпуск 3–5 (часть II). М., 1990/ с. 6–63
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5415:
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847:
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and reality as one and the same. As such, if it was a science, it was a science in service of a specific political and ideological agenda, commonly employing
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529:
composition was Slavic and that Rurik and Oleg' success was rooted in their support from within the local Slavic aristocracy. After the dissolution of the
5447:
827:
has proposed a draft law that would mandate jail terms of three to five years "for anyone in the former Soviet Union convicted of rehabilitating Nazism."
673:, to argue that the Stalinist faction routinely distorted political events, forged a theoretical basis for irreconcilable concepts such as the notion of "
6186:
5854:
5808:
3996:
3447:
4744:
669:, Leon Trotsky cited a range of historical documents such as private letters, telegrams, party speeches, meeting minutes, and suppressed texts such as
655:
hence the many gaps in Soviet statistical data. Inadequate or missing documentation for much of Soviet statistical data is also a significant problem.
190:
That criticism stems from the fact that in the Soviet Union, science was far from independent. Since the late 1930s, Soviet historiography treated the
120:
that different schools of history emerged from the Stalinist freeze. Firstly, a "new direction" within Leninist materialism emerged, as an effectively
5803:
5798:
5493:
6516:
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4802:
3305:
2175:
2016:
541:
reflection of the class struggle. There was a constant struggle between the powers of the princes and those of the feudal aristocracy, known as the
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important sign of the progress and historical knowledge and as the expression of the socioeconomic and political needs of a historical period.
5266:
1422:
804:, that the Soviet Union was acting in self-defense, and that the USSR did not lose the Cold War but rather voluntarily ended it. According to
6352:
6191:
5602:
4661:
2147:
1686:
1652:
1625:
1161:
545:. In regions like Novgorod, the boyar aristocracy was able to limit the prince's power by making the office and the head of church elective.
1487:
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Often, the Marxist bias and propaganda demands came into conflict: hence the peasant rebellions against the early Soviet rule, such as the
195:
5113:
1518:
1296:
87:: primitive-communism, slavery, feudalism, capitalism and socialism. Following publication of the "Short course", on 14 November 1938 the
4429:
1260:
609:) of data published in the Soviet Union and used in historical research. The Marxist theoreticians of the Party regarded statistics as a
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5245:
5123:
4903:
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4033:
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3516:
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2208:
1733:
423:
305:
239:
49:
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525:
Norman/Viking raids, while the Norman/Viking invasions only served to hinder the historical development of the Slavs. They argued that
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5422:
5184:
4547:
3868:
1264:
665:
5695:
1587:
6571:
6029:
4932:
4898:
4883:
3878:
3718:
3713:
3701:
3426:
3164:
1752:
1717:
1583:
1552:
1514:
1483:
1454:
1323:
1292:
1228:
1220:
1102:
1075:
1047:
1017:
5038:
565:
495:'s reputation was protected at all costs, absolving him of any responsibility in atrocities committed during his rule, such as the
456:
of 1920–21, were simply ignored as inconvenient politically and contradicting the official interpretation of the Marxist theories.
5357:
6257:
5929:
5555:
5271:
4947:
4910:
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3138:
313:
5014:
1376:
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5830:
5818:
5786:
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5644:
5632:
5254:
4996:
4829:
4520:
3342:
2872:
2490:
496:
4341:
6151:
6143:
6106:
6088:
5909:
5597:
5452:
5400:
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5135:
4732:
4530:
4196:
3908:
3863:
3848:
3590:
3372:
867:
862:
857:
548:
The Mongol conquests in the 13th century had significant consequences for Russia. Soviet historians emphasize the cruelty of
277:
246:
227:
4834:
4303:
1721:
1021:
491:
as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects, while
6215:
6138:
5944:
5757:
4971:
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3858:
3781:
2430:
1894:
1792:
3440:
3421:
1458:
6438:
6300:
6252:
6117:
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5204:
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4116:
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3416:
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1763:
418:
was required to lead the working class in the revolution that would overthrow capitalism and replace it with socialism.
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301:
261:
6509:
6342:
6208:
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5281:
5249:
5199:
4822:
4351:
4227:
4221:
4202:
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3619:
3407:
3119:
2666:
1834:
816:
269:
31:
5683:
3236:
5352:
4405:
3597:
6586:
6429:
6306:
6283:
6168:
6009:
5981:
5837:
5813:
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5671:
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5163:
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693:
431:
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215:
commented that "Historians are dangerous and capable of turning everything upside down. They have to be watched."
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is inevitable. All research had to be based on those assumptions and could not diverge in its findings. In 1956,
117:
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5229:
5209:
4915:
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4535:
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3730:
3580:
3474:
3367:
3324:
3115:
2812:
1205:
674:
613:; hence many applications of statistical mathematics were curtailed, particularly during the Stalin era. Under
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3585:
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4002:
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108:
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6288:
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5651:
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1242:
Review of Voprosy istorii i istoriografii Velikoi otechestvennoi voiny by I. A. Rosenko, G. L. Sovolev
625:
were decried as "false theories". Statistical journals were closed; world-renowned statisticians like
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692:(1862–1932) was held in the highest regard as a historian in the Soviet Union and was elected to the
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375:
102:
history was being imposed, different modes of history began to emerge. These included BA Romanov's
5752:
738:(illegal publication of work abroad). The three most prominent Soviet dissidents of that era were
367:
theories had a greater explanatory power in relation to a historian's reading of source material.
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2712:
2633:
2204:
1906:
1860:
764:
was published in 1971 in the West. Neither could publish in the Soviet Union until the advent of
622:
569:
512:
historians emphasized the Slavic roots in the foundation of the Russian state in contrast to the
336:
was carried out by Germans rather than by Soviets. Yet another example is related to the case of
250:
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2143:
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1678:
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1319:
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926:
Roger D. Markwick, "Cultural History under Khrushchev and Brezhnev: from Social Psychology to
713:
689:
626:
446:
437:
said that "the problems of Soviet historiography are the problems of our Communist ideology."
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614:
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92:
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2075:
Shapiro, Jane P. (1968). Soviet Historiography and the Moscow Trials: After Thirty Years.
1796:
1598:
1358:
812:
743:
706:
651:
594:
434:
171:
167:
4015:
1883:
Rewriting History in Soviet Russia: The Politics of Revisionist Historiography, 1956–1974
4465:
3073:
142:
categories of dialectical and historical materialism in the study of historical events.
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5793:
5405:
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4680:
4298:
4255:
4237:
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3918:
3548:
3382:
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3158:
2844:
2729:
2405:
2390:
2380:
2282:
2184:
2077:
2068:
2055:
2042:
2029:
1992:
1979:
1940:
1927:
1918:
1191:
785:
610:
573:
554:
526:
521:
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492:
415:
383:
345:
333:
329:
208:
113:
84:
53:
954:
The harsh drama of the people: Scientists and publicists about the nature of Stalinism
564:, characterized as one of the greatest military leaders of his time for defeating the
6565:
6375:
6327:
5769:
5395:
3558:
2882:
2863:
2807:
2761:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2593:
2588:
2465:
2458:
1966:
1953:
1847:
1778:
1424:
History of the USSR: From the earliest time to the Great October Socialist Revolution
1246:
824:
801:
792:
630:
602:
296:—disappearing from their pages or being turned from great figures to great villains.
293:
163:
48:(USSR). In the USSR, the study of history was marked by restrictions imposed by the
17:
3805:
1812:
1745:
1576:
The Lady Tasting Tea: How Statistics Revolutionized Science in the Twentieth Century
796:
contends that the book is inspired by Soviet historiography in its treatment of the
784:
has received significant attention as it was publicly endorsed by Russian President
469:
64:
George M. Enteen identifies two approaches to the study of Soviet historiography. A
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4140:
3962:
3661:
3110:
3068:
2997:
2734:
2619:
2573:
2561:
2504:
2470:
1674:
A History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-First Century, Third Edition
1400:
1307:
820:
747:
725:
549:
442:
379:
309:
289:
65:
45:
572:(1380), which marked the beginning of the end of the Mongol domination of Russia.
1336:
6494:
6273:
4776:
4761:
4443:
4418:
4394:
3764:
3752:
3674:
3250:
3063:
2867:
2603:
2551:
2526:
2509:
2448:
1701:
1182:
765:
509:
257:
1789:
6332:
6235:
5339:
5148:
4982:
4552:
3214:
2802:
2556:
2514:
2500:
2368:
2353:
1975:
Soviet Historians Review Their Own Past: The Rehabilitation of M. N. Pokrovsky
1149:
1095:
Rewriting History in Soviet Russia: The Politics of Revisionist Historiography
957:
537:
acknowledged its Viking history by incorporating a Viking ship into its logo.
399:
265:
223:
378:
as chief determinants of the historical process. They led to the creation of
5612:
5259:
4725:
4383:
4260:
4090:
3573:
2904:
2583:
2578:
2541:
2536:
2400:
2343:
2328:
2197:
1267:), last accessed on 19 December 2005, English translation of Polish document
978:
945:
701:
478:
407:
403:
395:
138:
99:
1925:
Asher, Harvey (1972). The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of M. N. Pokrovsky.
585:"The deceptive figure". This is the translation of a widely cited article (
2134:
Kuuli, Olaf 2008: "Eesti ajaloo kirjutamisest Stalini ja Hruštšovi ajal" (
5934:
5656:
4677:
2598:
2546:
872:
836:
797:
769:
730:
534:
411:
325:
219:
184:
159:
2012:
Soviet Historiography on the October Revolution: A Review of Forty Years
324:, the wholesale deportations or massacres of small nationalities in the
6295:
5776:
5666:
2385:
2363:
2313:
2217:
2011:
1961:
1948:
1889:
1855:
1842:
1829:
1241:
899:
697:
391:
363:
199:
134:
41:
2063:
2050:
2037:
2024:
2001:
Beyond the Bug: Soviet Historiography of the Soviet-Polish War of 1920
1987:
1974:
1935:
1914:
Beyond the Bug: Soviet Historiography of the Soviet-Polish War of 1920
1913:
2818:
2395:
2308:
2000:
505:
150:
political life of the period in which these concepts were developed.
1154:
The Use and Abuse of History: Or How the Past Is Taught to Children.
1068:
The Bolsheviks in Russian Society: The Revolution and the Civil Wars
782:
A Modern History of Russia: 1945–2006: A Manual for History Teachers
3453:
3350:
2333:
2107:
Rewriting Russian History. Soviet Interpretations of Russia's Past
646:
542:
341:
338:
Soviet reprisals against former Soviet POWs returning from Germany
2153:
2140:
Of historiography in Estonia during Stalin's and Khruschev's rule
894:
Enteen, George M. "Recent Writings about Soviet Historiography,"
304:
of 1939, and as a result the Soviet approach to the study of the
2338:
1962:
M. N. Pokrovsky and Soviet Historiography: Some Reconsiderations
1843:
Marxists versus Non-Marxists: Soviet Historiography in the 1920s
530:
6473:
6418:
6050:
5577:
4650:
4639:
3282:
3025:
2789:
2428:
2262:
2157:
1869:
Facing up to the Past: Soviet Historiography under Perestroika
1677:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p.
950:Суровая драма народа: Учёные и публицисты о природе сталинизма
288:. Textbooks were rewritten periodically, with figures—such as
1988:
Pokrovsky's Rehabilitation: A Reply to Bernard W. Eissenstat
1119:
A History of the Soviet Union 1945–1991: Last of the Empires
762:
Let History Judge: The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism
89:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
348:
campaign about the extent of the prisoner-of-war problem."
1285:
Hitler's War in the East, 1941–1945: A Critical Assessment
1064:
Peasant rebellions: Origin, Scope, Design and Consequences
808:, "rabid anti-Westernism is the leitmotif of ideology."
340:; some of them were treated as traitors and imprisoned in
1936:
The Resurrection of Plekhanovism in Soviet Historiography
1710:
War Of Extermination: The German Military In World War II
1545:
Climate Dependence And Food Problems In Russia, 1900–1990
1312:
Age of Delirium: The Decline and Fall of the Soviet Union
734:(circulating unofficial manuscripts within the USSR) and
700:
theory, downplaying the role of personality in favour of
1507:
Reforming the Soviet Economy: Equality Versus Efficiency
1426:. Volume 1. D.P. Kallistov ed. Progress Publishers. 1977
390:
of societies was considered to progress inevitably from
6095:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
1732:
Sellers, Lea. Soviet Dissidents and the Western World.
1185:
Vtoraya Mirovaya Voina, History of the Second World War
566:
German knights' invasions of Russia in the 13th century
1764:
New Manuals Push A Putin's-Eye View In Russian Schools
922:
920:
754:
authors, Solzhenitsyn was the most famous, publishing
6387:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
1447:
Russia and the World Economy: Problems of Integration
516:
of the Vikings conquering the Slavs and founding the
274:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
73:
culminating in the publication of Stalin and other's
5235:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
912:"Short Course" History of the Soviet Communist Party
843:
Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War
800:, as it claims that the Cold War was started by the
76:"Short Course" History of the Soviet Communist Party
6363:
6167:
6126:
5902:
5853:
5588:
5514:
5478:
5372:
5326:
5290:
5220:
5172:
5134:
5094:
5053:
4970:
4801:
4792:
4711:
4611:
4573:
4509:
4476:
4367:
4291:
4248:
4189:
4154:
4126:
4061:
3988:
3894:
3822:
3536:
3465:
3398:
3360:
3293:
3211:
3103:
3036:
2835:
2612:
2479:
2441:
2301:
2275:
1888:Mazour, Anatole G. & Herman E. Bateman (1952).
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
776:
Influence of Soviet historiography in modern Russia
605:have raised the issue of the quality (accuracy and
245:Many works of Western historians were forbidden or
218:The state-approved history was openly subjected to
183:the history of the Communist Party, was rewritten.
5195:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
2125:Lies and Violence as Instruments of Russian Policy
1476:The Tyranny of Numbers: Mismeasurement and Misrule
1403:, "The Russian controversy over the Varangians",
1010:Historiography Between Modernism and Postmodernism
890:
888:
875:(illegal underground publications in Soviet Union)
1856:Reply to a Questionnaire on Soviet Historiography
1474:Nicholas Eberstadt and Daniel Patrick Moynihan,
973:
971:
969:
967:
312:were remarkably flawed. In another example, the
83:or five official periods of history in terms of
2662:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1647:. Pickle Partners Publishing. pp. vii-89.
1620:. Pickle Partners Publishing. pp. vii-89.
853:Bibliography of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union
583:
848:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
6243:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
6113:Western European colonialism and colonization
4662:
2169:
2064:Note on Recent Soviet Historiography, Part IV
1210:
1034:
1032:
1030:
8:
1470:
1468:
1466:
709:, Pokrovsky's work regained some influence.
522:ban of the theory about the Varangian origin
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1547:, Central European University Press, 2005,
1363:Ekaterinburg: The Last Days of the Romanovs
685:Experiences of individual Soviet historians
6582:Science and technology in the Soviet Union
6470:
6415:
6123:
6047:
5850:
5585:
5574:
5169:
5050:
4798:
4669:
4655:
4647:
4636:
4570:
3819:
3395:
3290:
3279:
3208:
3033:
3022:
2832:
2786:
2438:
2425:
2272:
2259:
2176:
2162:
2154:
1949:Soviet Historians Prepare for the Fiftieth
1903:The Writing of History in the Soviet Union
1830:The Short Course and Soviet Historiography
1338:Tsar Nicholas - exhibits from an execution
1089:
1087:
597:, in Novyi Mir, February 1987, #2: 181–202
170:concluded that "All in all, unprecedented
5298:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1890:Recent Conflicts in Soviet Historiography
1876:Contemporary History in the Soviet Mirror
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1058:
1056:
1006:Soviet historiography as "normal science"
1000:
998:
996:
994:
56:is itself the subject of modern studies.
6517:Historical geographic information system
2114:Politics and History in the Soviet Union
2017:American Slavic and East European Review
1854:Gefter, M. J. & V. L. Malkov (1967)
1543:Nikolai M. Dronin, Edward G. Bellinger,
1166:Aspects and variations of Soviet history
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
128:Characteristics of Soviet historiography
2100:Russian Historians and the Soviet State
1775:Russia's past. The rewriting of history
1187:by B. Liddel Gart (Russian translation)
884:
617:, nothing could occur by accident. The
6157:English historical school of economics
4209:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
2093:History in the USSR. Selected Readings
2086:Soviet Historians in Crisis, 1928–1932
1790:УКАЗ Президента РФ от 15.05.2009 N 549
1478:, American EnterpriseInstitute, 1995,
1223:; cited from Russian edition of 1999,
1093:Roger D. Markwick, Donald J. Raleigh,
1012:, Jerzy Topolski (ed.), Rodopi, 1994,
948:[Suppression of philosophy].
6353:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
6192:Historical reliability of the Gospels
1871:. Sapporo: Hokkaido University, 1989.
1813:"Medvedev Creates History Commission"
1509:, Brookings Institution Press, 1988,
568:. Much importance is attached to the
7:
6545:
4170:More Irish than the Irish themselves
27:Study of history in the Soviet Union
5240:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
1734:The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs
863:Historiography of World War II#USSR
306:Soviet-German relations before 1941
258:pre-war purges of Red Army officers
50:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
6592:Historiography of the Soviet Union
6253:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
4197:Fourth Italian War of Independence
1644:The Stalin School of Falsification
1617:The Stalin School of Falsification
666:The Stalin School of Falsification
236:many fields of scientific research
25:
2038:Recent Soviet Historiography. III
1746:Let History Judge by Roy Medvedev
1641:Trotsky, Leon (13 January 2019).
1614:Trotsky, Leon (13 January 2019).
1601:Census of 1937 Facts and Fictions
314:Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939
104:People and Morals in Ancient Rus'
6544:
6535:
6534:
5551:
5550:
5392:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3904:5000-year civilization assertion
3480:Nadir of American race relations
2025:Recent Soviet Historiography. II
1066:, in Vladimir N. Brovkin (ed.),
1040:Reflections on a Ravaged Century
760:in the West in 1973. Medvedev's
633:abandoned statistical research.
487:Soviet historiography portrayed
477:
468:
116:. However, it was not until the
6381:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
5255:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
5190:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
4997:Causes of the Armenian genocide
3306:Pyramid construction techniques
2873:Comparative historical research
2491:Library and information science
2051:Recent Soviet Historiography. I
1960:Eissenstat, Bernard W. (1969).
1335:Martin Vennard (27 June 2012),
1070:, Yale University Press, 1997,
580:Reliability of statistical data
270:occupation of the Baltic states
255:History of the Second World War
6393:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6343:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
6152:Historical school of economics
6089:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5527:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5401:Zionism as settler colonialism
4406:Limpieza de sangre controversy
3373:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
1215:), 1981, Hamish Hamilton Ltd,
979:Историография (Historiography)
868:Propaganda in the Soviet Union
858:Censorship in the Soviet Union
386:was the motor of history. The
177:history of the Communist Party
85:vulgar dialectical materialism
79:(1938). This crystallised the
1:
6202:Opposition to Papal supremacy
3390:Indigenous population history
1895:The Journal of Modern History
1811:Osborn, Andrew (2009-05-21).
1156:London; New York: Routledge.
362:The Soviet interpretation of
260:, the secret protocol to the
44:studies by historians in the
6118:Desacralization of knowledge
4389:Carlism in the Francoist era
4357:Holodomor in modern politics
2062:Schlesinger, Rudolf (1951).
2049:Schlesinger, Rudolf (1950).
2023:Schlesinger, Rudolf (1950).
1878:. NY; London: Praeger, 1964.
1736:(at Tufts University), 1976.
1097:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2001,
956:] (in Russian). Moscow:
944:Ogurtsov, Aleksandr (1989).
328:or the disappearance of the
6510:Historiographic metafiction
6420:Organizations, publications
6209:Proto-orthodox Christianity
5159:German resistance to Nazism
5015:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4425:Islamic revolution of Spain
4352:Holodomor genocide question
4228:Revisionism of Risorgimento
4222:Rerum italicarum scriptores
4203:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
3970:Self-Strengthening Movement
3120:decolonization of knowledge
2130:Latvian National Foundation
2036:Schlesinger, Rudolf (1950).
1947:Daniels, Robert V. (1967).
1835:Political Science Quarterly
817:Historical Truth Commission
445:the characteristics of the
198:. In the 1930s, historical
32:History of the Soviet Union
6613:
6307:Wissenschaft des Judentums
6284:Criticism of Protestantism
5164:Nazi foreign policy debate
4595:Second colonial occupation
4342:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
3980:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3524:Progressive-era historians
2959:Nationalization of history
2910:Historical-critical method
2010:McNeal, Robert H. (1958).
1986:Enteen, George M. (1970).
1973:Enteen, George M. (1969).
1841:Enteen, George M. (1976).
1815:. The Wall Street Journal.
1170:History in profile: Poland
910:Joseph Stalin and others.
720:Underground historiography
694:Soviet Academy of Sciences
355:
29:
6529:
6480:
6469:
6425:
6414:
6057:
6046:
5584:
5573:
5545:
5312:Second Sino-Japanese War
4687:
4646:
4635:
4117:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3289:
3278:
3032:
3021:
2798:
2785:
2437:
2424:
2271:
2258:
2191:
1934:Baron, Samuel H. (1974).
1912:McCann, James M. (1984).
1588:Google Print, pp. 147–149
1488:Google Print, pp. 138–140
1381:encyclopediaofukraine.com
1240:Bidlack, Richard (1990).
1211:
1080:Google Print, pp. 154–176
1022:Google Print, pp. 179–191
985:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
557:from outside domination.
118:20th Congress of the CPSU
6572:Historiography of Russia
6067:Crisis of historiography
5230:Auschwitz bombing debate
4916:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4767:Late Bronze Age collapse
4701:List of military museums
4304:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
4276:Polish People's Republic
4111:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3475:African-American history
3448:Colonial Spanish America
3237:Second Thirty Years' War
1907:Hoover Institution Press
1828:Avrich, Paul H. (1960).
1712:, Berghahn Books, 2004,
1375:Oleksander, Oleksander.
1287:, Berghahn Books, 2002,
1183:Soviet Taboo. Review of
988:, 1969–1978 (in Russian)
949:
675:Socialism in One Country
520:. There was an outright
30:Not to be confused with
5180:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
5039:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4590:Porter–MacKenzie debate
4347:Causes of the Holodomor
3884:Problem of two emperors
3832:Catilinarian conspiracy
3059:Historical significance
2920:Indiscipline of history
2895:Historical anthropology
2098:Shteppa, Konstantin F.
1599:A. G. Volkov
1557:Google Print, pp. 15–16
1459:Google Print, pp. 34–35
780:The 2006 Russian book,
696:in 1929. He emphasized
460:Soviet views of history
388:sociocultural evolution
302:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
262:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
175:History, including the
6597:Historical revisionism
6577:Historical negationism
6274:Protestant Reformation
6248:Second Vatican Council
6226:Succession to Muhammad
6221:Criticism of the Quran
5972:Religious perspectives
5706:Klemens von Metternich
5303:"Battle for Australia"
5185:Soviet offensive plans
5154:Broad vs. narrow front
4993:Late Ottoman genocides
3926:Century of humiliation
3707:Goguryeo controversies
3685:2,500-year celebration
3343:Double genocide theory
3130:Historical negationism
2954:Ancestral civilisation
2942:Historical materialism
2900:Historical determinism
2850:History of mentalities
2118:Švābe, Arveds (1949).
1999:McCann, J. M. (1984).
1521:and following chapters
946:"Подавление философии"
898:61 (2) 2002: 357–363.
637:to 1956. Notably, the
599:
372:historical materialism
370:The Marxist theory of
358:Marxist historiography
264:, many details of the
196:historical revisionism
60:Theoretical approaches
40:is the methodology of
6398:Torsion mangonel myth
6301:Modern Jewish history
6296:Jesuit historiography
6289:Protestant work ethic
6269:Hesychast controversy
6134:Industrial Revolution
6084:Library of Alexandria
6002:The Lord of the Rings
5652:Constantine the Great
5532:Torsion mangonel myth
5464:Sri Lankan Civil War
4543:Storm over the gentry
4444:Colonies or Provinces
3975:Sprouts of capitalism
3049:Historic preservation
3044:Change and continuity
2112:Nancy Whittier Heer.
1885:. NY: Palgrave, 2001.
1316:Yale University Press
1181:Lewis, B. E. (1977).
1107:Google Print, pp. 4–5
757:The Gulag Archipelago
740:Alexandr Solzhenitsyn
356:Further information:
300:to the Soviet-German
112:at the height of the
98:While the triumph of
38:Soviet historiography
18:Soviet historiography
6485:Commemorative plaque
5701:Juan Manuel de Rosas
5149:"Blitzkrieg" concept
5020:Powder keg of Europe
4895:Franco-Prussian War
4565:Winter of Discontent
4548:Suffragette Campaign
4215:Italiani brava gente
4181:Revolutionary period
4003:Frankish Interregnum
3936:"Chineseness" debate
3869:Byzantine succession
3854:Fall of Western Rome
3795:Executed Renaissance
3284:By country or region
3228:Age of Enlightenment
3202:Vaticinium ex eventu
3149:Modernisation theory
2983:Quantitative history
2359:Historical documents
1867:Ito Takayuki (ed.),
1777:, November 8, 2007,
1722:Google Print, p. 304
1297:Google Print, p. 239
1265:press release online
619:law of large numbers
6314:Schools of thought
6279:Proto-Protestantism
6148:School of Thoughts
6030:William Shakespeare
6015:Robert Falcon Scott
5920:Friedrich Nietzsche
5758:Cult of personality
5743:Neville Chamberlain
5603:Alexander the Great
5485:Russo-Georgian War
5458:Sovereignty dispute
5437:Iranian Revolution
5267:"Polish death camp"
5244:In relation to the
4953:Myth of English aid
4944:War of the Pacific
4721:Albigensian Crusade
4146:Indigenous Aryanism
3842:Constantinian shift
3378:Residential schools
3135:Historian's fallacy
3054:Historic recurrence
2552:Numismatics (Money)
2324:Archaeological site
2248:theories of history
2120:The Story of Latvia
1901:Mazour, Anatole G.
1881:Markwick, Roger D.
1578:, Owl Books, 2001,
1574:David S. Salsburg,
1449:, Routledge, 1993,
839:(Soviet propaganda)
811:In 2009, president
428:communist countries
376:means of production
308:and the origins of
106:(1947), a study of
6505:Historical realism
6500:Historical fiction
6445:History institutes
6435:Historical society
6430:Heritage registers
6318:Biblical criticism
6231:Islamic golden age
6182:Early Christianity
6062:Bears in antiquity
5950:Medieval Christian
5748:Pedro II of Brazil
5696:José de San Martín
5500:Syrian revolution
5412:Malayan Emergency
5387:1948 Palestine war
5120:Spanish Civil War
5070:War guilt question
4879:American Civil War
4859:Invasion of Russia
4835:New Russian School
4619:Colonial Australia
4335:October Revolution
4098:Strukturgeschichte
4034:Location of Alésia
3953:Hua–Yi distinction
3874:Moscow, third Rome
3490:Reconstruction era
3311:Black Egypt Thesis
3233:European Civil War
3189:Translatio imperii
3144:Invented tradition
2265:Historical sources
2007:, 36 (4), 475–493.
1861:History and Theory
1795:2009-05-23 at the
1519:Google Print, p. 7
1505:Edward A. Hewett,
1377:"Normanist Theory"
1281:Gerd R. Ueberschär
1277:Rolf-Dieter Müller
1261:(Internet Archive)
932:The Russian Review
570:Battle of Kulikovo
432:Soviet academician
251:Basil Liddell Hart
6587:Soviet historians
6559:
6558:
6525:
6524:
6465:
6464:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6323:Catholic theology
6177:Avestan geography
6042:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6025:Søren Kierkegaard
5898:
5897:
5809:Warren G. Harding
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5368:
5367:
5246:Armenian genocide
5109:Polish–Soviet War
5104:Burning of Smyrna
5090:
5089:
5080:Reichstag inquiry
5003:Patriotic consent
4874:
4873:
4849:War in the Vendée
4813:French Revolution
4795:century conflicts
4784:Peloponnesian War
4745:Eighty Years' War
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4536:Westminster Stone
4233:Southern question
4072:Alltagsgeschichte
4022:Legendary Saracen
3724:Early settlements
3532:
3531:
3512:Political history
3497:Consensus history
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3256:Continuity thesis
3195:Translatio studii
3081:Theory of history
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
2971:Subaltern Studies
2856:Nouvelle histoire
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2693:Medieval churches
2680:Geistesgeschichte
2624:Paleoanthropology
2532:Encyclopaedistics
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2288:Secondary sources
2148:978-9949-18-195-7
1874:Keep, John (ed.),
1688:978-0-674-01801-3
1654:978-1-78912-348-7
1627:978-1-78912-348-7
1164:. See Chapters 8
1162:978-0-415-28592-6
1117:John L. H. Keep:
934:65 2006: 283–301.
900:jstor stable link
714:Eduard Burdzhalov
690:Mikhail Pokrovsky
671:Lenin's Testament
627:Andrey Kolmogorov
587:"Lukavaia Tsifra"
447:social revolution
352:Marxist influence
318:Polish-Soviet War
213:Nikita Khrushchev
204:original research
16:(Redirected from
6604:
6548:
6547:
6538:
6537:
6490:Documentary film
6471:
6450:History journals
6416:
6389:
6261:
6197:Primacy of Peter
6144:Great Depression
6124:
6097:
6075:
6048:
5996:J. R. R. Tolkien
5851:
5846:
5834:
5822:
5804:Ulysses S. Grant
5799:Thomas Jefferson
5790:
5766:
5729:
5692:
5680:
5648:
5636:
5628:Chiang Ching-kuo
5618:Cato the Younger
5608:Amin al-Husseini
5586:
5575:
5554:
5553:
5537:War and genocide
5361:
5347:Résistancialisme
5334:Battle of France
5316:Nanjing Massacre
5170:
5051:
5047:
5011:
4961:
4843:
4826:
4799:
4726:Catharism debate
4712:pre-18th century
4694:Military history
4671:
4664:
4657:
4648:
4641:By war, conflict
4637:
4585:Cambridge School
4571:
4469:
4457:
4433:
4414:
4324:
4312:
4284:
4106:
4084:Historikerstreit
4054:
4042:
4030:
4011:
3997:Cordon sanitaire
3943:New Qing History
3931:Conquest dynasty
3922:
3837:Christianization
3820:
3739:
3652:
3640:
3628:
3606:
3594:
3586:Byzantine Empire
3441:Iquicha Royalism
3430:
3396:
3319:
3291:
3280:
3223:Age of Discovery
3212:Periodization of
3209:
3183:Transhistoricity
3178:Thirty-year rule
3089:
3077:
3034:
3023:
3003:Great Man theory
2966:People's history
2928:
2833:
2825:Three-age system
2787:
2487:Archival science
2439:
2426:
2293:Tertiary sources
2273:
2260:
2209:by area of study
2178:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2091:Pundeff, Marin.
2020:17 (3), 269–281.
1996:22 (2), 295–297.
1983:20 (3), 306–320.
1970:28 (4), 604–618.
1957:26 (1), 113–118.
1944:33 (4), 386–404.
1922:36 (4), 475-493.
1905:. Stanford, CA:
1838:75 (4), 539–553.
1817:
1816:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1787:
1781:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1743:
1737:
1730:
1724:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1572:
1559:
1541:
1522:
1503:
1490:
1472:
1461:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1420:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1332:
1326:
1305:
1299:
1274:
1268:
1257:
1251:
1250:49 (4), 653–654.
1238:
1232:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1196:
1195:29 (4), 603–606.
1179:
1173:
1147:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1091:
1082:
1062:Taisia Osipova,
1060:
1051:
1038:Robert Conquest
1036:
1025:
1004:Gwidon Zalejko,
1002:
989:
975:
962:
961:
941:
935:
924:
915:
908:
902:
892:
728:was the time of
623:random deviation
615:central planning
591:Vasilii Seliunin
589:) by journalist
562:Alexander Nevsky
514:Normanist theory
489:Tsar Nicholas II
481:
472:
454:Tambov Rebellion
322:collectivisation
286:personality cult
202:were closed and
122:loyal opposition
93:Marxism-Leninism
21:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6554:
6521:
6476:
6461:
6421:
6402:
6385:
6368:
6359:
6255:
6163:
6139:Great Recession
6122:
6093:
6069:
6053:
6034:
5925:H. P. Lovecraft
5894:
5856:
5849:
5840:
5828:
5816:
5784:
5760:
5733:Muammar Gaddafi
5723:
5711:Leonid Brezhnev
5686:
5674:
5657:Gregory Palamas
5642:
5640:Chiang Kai Shek
5630:
5590:
5580:
5561:
5560:
5541:
5522:Conflict thesis
5510:
5474:
5364:
5355:
5322:
5286:
5216:
5168:
5130:
5096:Interwar period
5086:
5056:
5049:
5041:
5025:Schlieffen Plan
5005:
4966:
4955:
4870:
4837:
4820:
4805:
4794:
4788:
4772:Dorian invasion
4757:Fall of Babylon
4713:
4707:
4706:
4683:
4675:
4642:
4623:
4599:
4576:
4569:
4531:Kingdom of Alba
4512:
4505:
4472:
4463:
4451:
4449:Spanish decline
4427:
4408:
4363:
4318:
4306:
4287:
4278:
4244:
4185:
4150:
4136:Greater Magadha
4122:
4100:
4057:
4048:
4036:
4024:
4005:
3984:
3958:Four Barbarians
3916:
3890:
3818:
3775:Götaland theory
3743:Lusotropicalism
3733:
3714:North Macedonia
3646:
3634:
3622:
3600:
3588:
3528:
3507:Frontier thesis
3502:Cyclical theory
3485:Neoabolitionism
3461:
3424:
3394:
3356:
3333:Greater Morocco
3313:
3285:
3262:
3213:
3207:
3099:
3083:
3071:
3028:
3009:
2922:
2837:
2831:
2813:Historical eras
2794:
2773:
2608:
2505:Writing systems
2475:
2433:
2431:Fields of study
2412:
2406:Service records
2391:Religious texts
2297:
2283:Primary sources
2267:
2254:
2253:
2187:
2182:
2059:1 (4), 293–312.
2046:2 (2), 138–162.
1864:6 (2), 180–207.
1851:35 (1), 91–110.
1825:
1823:Further reading
1820:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1797:Wayback Machine
1788:
1784:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1727:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1669:Service, Robert
1667:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1597:
1593:
1573:
1562:
1542:
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1504:
1493:
1473:
1464:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1410:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1306:
1302:
1275:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1239:
1235:
1203:
1199:
1180:
1176:
1148:
1125:
1116:
1112:
1092:
1085:
1061:
1054:
1037:
1028:
1003:
992:
976:
965:
951:
943:
942:
938:
925:
918:
914:, Moscow, 1938.
909:
905:
893:
886:
882:
833:
813:Dmitri Medvedev
778:
744:Andrei Sakharov
722:
707:Khrushchev Thaw
687:
661:
652:central economy
621:or the idea of
595:Grigorii Khanin
582:
503:
502:
501:
500:
497:Romanov murders
484:
483:
482:
474:
473:
462:
435:Anna Pankratova
424:Communist Party
410:. In addition,
360:
354:
316:as well as the
168:Robert Conquest
130:
62:
52:(CPSU). Soviet
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6610:
6608:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6564:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6542:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6467:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6447:
6442:
6432:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6383:
6378:
6372:
6370:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6298:
6293:
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6291:
6286:
6281:
6271:
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6265:
6264:
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6240:
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6173:
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6154:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6103:
6098:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6064:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6006:
6005:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5969:
5964:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5915:Charles Darwin
5912:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5885:United Kingdom
5882:
5877:
5875:Modern Germany
5872:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5848:
5847:
5835:
5823:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5794:Thomas Aquinas
5791:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5681:
5669:
5664:
5662:Horatio Nelson
5659:
5654:
5649:
5637:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5494:Responsibility
5491:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5450:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5406:New Historians
5403:
5398:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5272:Responsibility
5269:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5252:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5048:
5036:
5030:Spirit of 1914
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5000:
4990:
4987:Fischer thesis
4976:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4950:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4930:
4928:Paraguayan War
4925:
4924:
4923:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4854:Napoleonic era
4851:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4832:
4827:
4818:Pre-revolution
4809:
4807:
4803:Coalition Wars
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4717:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4681:historiography
4676:
4674:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4651:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4499:Decline thesis
4496:
4489:Ottoman Empire
4486:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4458:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4415:
4403:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4316:Skeptic School
4301:
4299:Anti-Normanism
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4256:Golden Liberty
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4238:Neo-Bourbonism
4230:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4206:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4108:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4078:Borussian myth
4075:
4067:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4043:
4031:
4019:
4012:
4000:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3928:
3923:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3641:
3629:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3549:Dealbanisation
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3419:
3413:May Revolution
3404:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3383:Staples thesis
3380:
3375:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3308:
3299:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3248:
3239:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3215:modern history
3206:
3205:
3198:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3159:Paradigm shift
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2929:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2845:Annales school
2841:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2708:Constitutional
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2644:
2631:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2584:Postage stamps
2581:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2507:
2498:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2381:Oral tradition
2378:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2185:Historiography
2183:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2132:
2122:, Chapter 9 –
2116:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2084:Barber, John.
2082:
2081:27 (1), 68–77.
2078:Russian Review
2073:
2069:Soviet Studies
2060:
2056:Soviet Studies
2047:
2043:Soviet Studies
2034:
2030:Soviet Studies
2021:
2008:
2005:Soviet Studies
1997:
1993:Soviet Studies
1984:
1980:Soviet Studies
1971:
1958:
1945:
1941:Russian Review
1932:
1931:31 (1), 49–63.
1928:Russian Review
1923:
1919:Soviet Studies
1910:
1899:
1898:24 (1), 56–68.
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1803:
1782:
1767:
1756:
1738:
1725:
1694:
1687:
1660:
1653:
1633:
1626:
1606:
1591:
1560:
1523:
1491:
1462:
1438:
1429:
1408:
1393:
1367:
1365:(2009), p. 142
1351:
1327:
1300:
1269:
1263:(also see the
1252:
1233:
1206:The Liberators
1197:
1192:Soviet Studies
1174:
1123:
1110:
1083:
1052:
1026:
990:
963:
960:. p. 512.
936:
916:
903:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
832:
829:
786:Vladimir Putin
777:
774:
721:
718:
686:
683:
660:
657:
611:social science
603:Sovietologists
593:and economist
581:
578:
574:Dmitry Donskoi
555:Western Europe
493:Vladimir Lenin
486:
485:
476:
475:
467:
466:
465:
464:
463:
461:
458:
416:vanguard party
414:argued that a
384:class struggle
380:social classes
353:
350:
346:disinformation
334:Katyn massacre
330:Crimean Tatars
129:
126:
114:Zhdanovshchina
61:
58:
54:historiography
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6609:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6551:
6543:
6541:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6472:
6468:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6417:
6413:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6376:Merton thesis
6374:
6373:
6371:
6366:
6362:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6328:Panbabylonism
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6308:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6259:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6049:
6045:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5891:
5890:United States
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5852:
5844:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5827:
5824:
5820:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5770:Bolivarianism
5768:
5764:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5753:Simon Bolivar
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5685:
5684:Joseph Stalin
5682:
5678:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5646:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5587:
5583:
5576:
5572:
5557:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:Post-Cold War
5477:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5453:Falklands War
5451:
5449:
5448:Iran–Iraq War
5446:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:Ongoing Nakba
5393:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5359:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:Western Front
5325:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5308:Bengal famine
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5222:The Holocaust
5219:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:Eastern Front
5171:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5045:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4904:Paris Commune
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:Turning point
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4841:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:18th and 19th
4791:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4738:Islamic views
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4710:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4672:
4667:
4665:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4638:
4634:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4508:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4462:
4461:Ser de España
4459:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4431:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4322:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:Ottoman claim
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:Prosopography
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3812:Trưng sisters
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3559:Habsburg myth
3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3467:United States
3464:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3400:Latin America
3397:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3277:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Transnational
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2883:Decoloniality
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:Historiometry
2862:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2808:Periodization
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Sigillography
2592:
2590:
2589:Prosopography
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
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2560:
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2499:
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2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Local history
2464:
2460:
2459:Human history
2457:
2456:
2455:
2454:World history
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
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2186:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2105:Black, C. E.
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2065:
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2052:
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2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:Slavic Review
1963:
1959:
1956:
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1954:Slavic Review
1950:
1946:
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1849:
1848:Slavic Review
1844:
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1837:
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1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:The Economist
1776:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:0-231-06350-4
1750:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:1-57181-232-6
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:Klaus Naumann
1703:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1676:
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1670:
1664:
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1656:
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1602:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:0-8050-7134-2
1581:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:963-7326-10-3
1550:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:0-8157-3603-7
1512:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1484:0-8447-3764-X
1481:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1455:0-415-08924-7
1452:
1448:
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1427:
1425:
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1378:
1371:
1368:
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1360:
1355:
1352:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:0-300-08705-5
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:1-57181-293-8
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1247:Slavic Review
1243:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:5-237-03557-4
1226:
1222:
1221:0-241-10675-3
1218:
1208:
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1201:
1198:
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1193:
1188:
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1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1103:0-333-79209-2
1100:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:0-300-06706-2
1073:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:0-393-04818-7
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:90-5183-721-6
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
991:
987:
986:
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974:
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968:
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947:
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933:
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923:
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917:
913:
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904:
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896:Slavic Review
891:
889:
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874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
830:
828:
826:
825:United Russia
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
806:The Economist
803:
802:United States
799:
795:
794:
793:The Economist
789:
787:
783:
775:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
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719:
717:
715:
710:
708:
703:
699:
695:
691:
684:
682:
678:
676:
672:
668:
667:
663:In his book,
658:
656:
653:
648:
642:
640:
634:
632:
631:Eugen Slutsky
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
579:
577:
575:
571:
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389:
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368:
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351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
295:
294:Joseph Stalin
291:
287:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
226:, similar to
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
173:
169:
165:
164:pseudoscience
161:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
127:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:
70:
67:
59:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
6305:
6107:The Simpsons
6105:
6052:Other topics
6000:
5977:Christianity
5967:Resurrection
5598:Adolf Hitler
5427:Six-Day War
5423:Algerian War
5394: /
5353:Vichy France
5345:
5338:
5248: /
5136:World War II
5032: /
4699:
4692:
4494:Ghaza thesis
4417:
4393:
4379:White legend
4377: /
4375:Black legend
4330:Soviet Union
4329:
4220:
4213:
4201:
4164:Great Famine
4141:Indocentrism
4115:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4070:
4016:Grand Siècle
4014:
3995:
3963:Sinocentrism
3824:Ancient Rome
3804:
3662:Aryan Kartli
3660:
3452:
3415: /
3349:
3246:19th century
3244: /
3235: /
3200:
3193:
3192: /
3187:
3163:
3137: /
3111:Black legend
3069:Historiology
2866: /
2854:
2817:
2755:Quantitative
2678:
2674:Intellectual
2640: /
2636: /
2622: /
2620:Anthropology
2574:Phaleristics
2567:preservation
2562:Oral history
2503: /
2489: /
2471:Microhistory
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2216:
2207: /
2203:
2196:
2139:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2054:
2041:
2033:2 (1), 3–21.
2028:
2015:
2004:
1991:
1978:
1965:
1952:
1939:
1926:
1917:
1902:
1893:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1859:
1846:
1833:
1806:
1800:(in Russian)
1785:
1770:
1759:
1741:
1728:
1709:
1697:
1673:
1663:
1643:
1636:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1594:
1575:
1544:
1506:
1475:
1446:
1445:Alan Smith,
1441:
1436:Hall, p. 221
1432:
1423:
1401:Leo S. Klein
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1343:, retrieved
1337:
1330:
1311:
1308:David Satter
1303:
1284:
1272:
1255:
1245:
1236:
1212:Освободитель
1204:
1200:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1153:
1118:
1113:
1094:
1067:
1063:
1039:
1009:
1005:
983:
977:
953:
939:
931:
927:
911:
906:
895:
821:World War II
815:created the
810:
805:
791:
790:
781:
779:
761:
755:
751:
748:Roy Medvedev
735:
729:
726:Brezhnev Era
723:
711:
688:
679:
664:
662:
643:
635:
600:
586:
584:
559:
550:Genghis Khan
547:
539:
508:and earlier
504:
451:
443:Roman Empire
439:
420:
406:and finally
369:
361:
310:World War II
298:
290:Leon Trotsky
282:
278:censored out
254:
244:
217:
189:
180:
179:, or rather
156:
152:
148:
144:
131:
107:
103:
97:
81:piatichlenka
80:
74:
71:
66:totalitarian
63:
46:Soviet Union
37:
36:
6495:Hagiography
6256: [
6216:Early Islam
6070: [
5962:Historicity
5940:Historicity
5930:Jane Austen
5910:The Beatles
5880:Netherlands
5841: [
5838:Zhuge Liang
5829: [
5817: [
5814:Yuan Shikai
5785: [
5782:Sun Yat Tse
5761: [
5724: [
5687: [
5675: [
5672:Jiang Zemin
5643: [
5631: [
5623:Che Guevara
5356: [
5291:Pacific War
5075:Article 231
5065:Reparations
5042: [
5006: [
4983:Color books
4972:World War I
4956: [
4933:War of 1812
4838: [
4821: [
4806:(1792–1815)
4777:Sea Peoples
4762:Gallic Wars
4464: [
4452: [
4439:Revisionist
4428: [
4419:Reconquista
4409: [
4401:Inquisition
4395:Convivencia
4319: [
4307: [
4279: [
4176:Revisionism
4101: [
4049: [
4037: [
4025: [
4006: [
3948:Golden ages
3917: [
3914:Wunu School
3909:Archaeology
3782:Switzerland
3765:Kosovo Myth
3753:Great Union
3734: [
3719:Philippines
3702:Nationalist
3675:Ages of Man
3647: [
3635: [
3623: [
3601: [
3589: [
3425: [
3422:Revisionist
3314: [
3251:Renaissance
3116:Coloniality
3084: [
3072: [
3064:Historicity
2988:Revisionist
2978:Pop history
2949:Nationalist
2923: [
2868:Cliometrics
2836:Approaches,
2792:Methodology
2688:Linguistics
2638:Environment
2604:Vexillology
2527:Diplomatics
2510:Chorography
2449:Big History
2401:War diaries
2374:Illuminated
2369:Manuscripts
2354:Hieroglyphs
2234:historicity
1702:Hannes Heer
1386:7 September
1231:, pp. 13–16
1150:Ferro, Marc
1121:, pp. 30–31
766:Perestroika
659:Credibility
639:1937 census
607:reliability
518:Kievan Rus'
374:identified
6566:Categories
6550:Multimedia
6369:Technology
6333:Urreligion
6236:Kharijites
6187:Background
5855:Historical
5826:Zhou Enlai
5721:Mao Zedong
5716:Louis Riel
5489:Background
5340:Guilty Men
5282:Uniqueness
5205:Background
5200:Winter War
5124:Background
5057:Versailles
4911:Great Game
4558:Ricardians
4553:Tudor myth
4271:Partitions
3864:Succession
3154:Narratives
3139:Presentism
3095:Philosophy
2915:Humanistic
2803:Case study
2735:Indigenous
2713:Diplomatic
2657:Capitalism
2557:Onomastics
2515:Chronology
2344:Facsimiles
2329:Chronicles
2227:historians
2198:Historians
2072:3 (1), 64.
1341:, BBC News
958:Politizdat
928:Mentalités
880:References
510:Slavophile
400:capitalism
394:, through
266:Winter War
228:philosophy
224:propaganda
192:party line
181:especially
109:mentalités
6338:Perennial
6127:Economics
6079:Feudalism
5865:Australia
5613:Aurangzeb
5589:Political
5579:By person
5260:Pius Wars
5055:Treaty of
4714:conflicts
4521:Poor Laws
4384:Hispanism
4261:Sarmatism
4091:Sonderweg
3849:Expansion
3574:Litvinism
3408:Argentina
3242:Long 18th
3125:Dark Ages
2905:Historism
2703:Political
2642:Geography
2579:Philology
2542:Genealogy
2537:Epigraphy
2480:By source
2319:Artifacts
1359:Rappaport
750:. Of the
702:economics
408:communism
404:socialism
396:feudalism
240:The Party
211:figures.
185:Unpersons
139:feudalism
100:Stalinist
6540:Category
6455:template
6169:Religion
6020:Socrates
5935:Muhammed
5857:rankings
5738:Napoleon
5556:Category
5374:Cold War
5277:Slovakia
4864:Waterloo
4733:Crusades
4678:Military
4526:Scotland
4484:Kemalist
3806:Nam tiến
3801:Vietnam
3791:Ukraine
3749:Romania
3731:Portugal
3657:Georgia
3632:Medieval
3581:Bulgaria
3570:Belarus
3555:Austria
3361:Americas
3329:Morocco
3325:Ethiopia
3104:Specific
3027:Concepts
2932:Leninist
2890:Feminist
2878:Critical
2725:Feminism
2698:Military
2652:Business
2647:Economic
2629:Cultural
2613:By topic
2599:Toponymy
2547:Heraldry
2495:template
2442:By scale
2364:Logbooks
2349:Features
2314:Archives
2136:Estonian
1793:Archived
1671:(2009).
1318:, 2001,
1152:(2003).
1050:, p. 101
873:Samizdat
837:Agitprop
831:See also
798:Cold War
770:Glasnost
752:tamizdat
736:tamizdat
731:samizdat
601:Various
535:Novgorod
412:Leninism
326:Caucasus
247:censored
220:politics
200:archives
160:ideology
6475:Related
6365:Science
6010:Madonna
5982:Judaism
5945:Judaism
5777:Saladin
5667:Hypatia
5591:leaders
5515:Related
5468:Origins
5431:Origins
5382:Origins
4938:Origins
4884:Origins
4750:Origins
4612:Oceania
4575:British
4513:Kingdom
4156:Ireland
4063:Germany
3771:Sweden
3644:New Age
3620:Ancient
3616:Europe
3612:Croatia
3544:Albania
3537:Eurasia
3339:Rwanda
3037:General
2937:Marxist
2838:schools
2667:Thought
2634:Ecology
2396:Scrolls
2334:Codices
2302:Sources
2241:history
2218:History
1909:, 1971.
1345:3 April
1168:and 10
1042:(2000)
982:in the
698:Marxist
392:slavery
364:Marxism
209:Russian
135:slavery
42:history
6101:Salons
5903:Others
5870:Canada
5504:Causes
5441:Causes
5416:Causes
5210:Spirit
5144:Causes
5114:Causes
4979:Causes
4948:Causes
4921:Causes
4899:Causes
4830:Causes
4577:Empire
4511:United
4477:Turkey
4292:Russia
4266:Deluge
4249:Poland
3989:France
3787:Taiwan
3760:Serbia
3566:Balhae
3417:Causes
3368:Canada
3302:Egypt
3295:Africa
2819:Tarikh
2740:Labour
2730:Gender
2720:Social
2520:dating
2386:Papyri
2309:Annals
2146:
1751:
1716:
1685:
1651:
1624:
1582:
1551:
1513:
1482:
1453:
1322:
1291:
1227:
1219:
1160:
1101:
1074:
1046:
1016:
543:boyars
506:Soviet
382:, and
342:Gulags
272:, the
268:, the
234:, and
172:terror
6348:Roman
6260:]
6074:]
5987:Islam
5957:Jesus
5845:]
5833:]
5821:]
5789:]
5765:]
5728:]
5691:]
5679:]
5647:]
5635:]
5360:]
5250:Nakba
5046:]
5010:]
4960:]
4842:]
4825:]
4468:]
4456:]
4432:]
4413:]
4368:Spain
4323:]
4311:]
4283:]
4190:Italy
4128:India
4105:]
4053:]
4041:]
4029:]
4010:]
3921:]
3896:China
3738:]
3697:Korea
3692:Japan
3681:Iran
3670:Greek
3651:]
3639:]
3627:]
3605:]
3598:Early
3593:]
3454:Casta
3429:]
3351:Maafa
3318:]
3088:]
3076:]
2927:]
2767:Women
2762:Urban
2750:Rural
2745:LGBTQ
2501:Books
2339:Deeds
2276:Types
1008:, in
952:[
712:When
647:Gulag
6439:list
5034:1917
4046:Lyon
3517:Eras
3436:Peru
3171:list
3118:and
2998:Whig
2205:list
2144:ISBN
2138:for
1749:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1580:ISBN
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