63:
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29:
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of ground communications, the cosmonauts received only the first set of emergency procedures. Volynov tried a second time to undock but only managed slightly to loosen the latches. The situation persisted for an entire orbit, 90 minutes, when the final set of emergency procedures were received and the crew finally disengaged the latches.
426:
770:
by surprise. The reason for the sudden termination of the mission was reported at the time to have been an acrid odor that developed in the environmental control system. The problem was said to have begun as early as 17 August 1976. The
Soviets made no comments at the time, but the next crew to board
724:
space program, was launched 22 June 1976. Its first crew was launched 14 days later on 6 July 1976, with
Commander Volynov and Flight Engineer Zholobov aboard Soyuz 21. Based on landing opportunities, observers estimated the mission was intended to last 54 to 66 days. They docked with the station the
778:
boarded Soyuz 21 but as
Volynov tried to undock from the station, the docking latches failed to release properly. As he fired the jets to move the spacecraft away, the docking mechanism jammed, resulting in the Soyuz being undocked but still linked to Salyut. As the two spacecraft moved out of range
782:
Because Soyuz 21 was returning early, it was outside the normal recovery window. It then encountered strong winds as it descended, which caused uneven firing of the retrorockets. It made a hard landing around midnight 200 km (120 mi) at the southwest of
418:
771:
the station wore breathing masks. Later reports indicate that the mission may have ended owing to a deterioration in the health of
Zholobov. The mission was to last two months but was cut short by a gradually worsening illness of Zholobov.
495:
after 49 days in orbit. The precise reason for the early end of the mission was the subject of much speculation, but was reported to be an emergency evacuation after the Salyut atmosphere developed an acrid odor.
732:, which they observed as part of an assessment of the station's military surveillance capabilities. They conducted only a few scientific experiments, including the first use of the Kristall furnace for
798:
fumes leaking from the Salyut's propellant tanks; other reports, however, indicate that the crew failed to follow their physical exercise program and suffered from lack of sleep. Sources at
483:, the first of three flights to the station. The mission's objectives were mainly military in scope, but included other scientific work. The mission ended abruptly with cosmonauts
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806:
cited Soyuz 21 as ending prematurely due to unspecified "interpersonal issues" with the crew. The next mission to successfully dock with the station,
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736:
growth. Engineering experiments included propellant transfer system tests with implications for future operation of the freight-carrying
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1108:
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1023:
1142:
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On 24 August 1976, it was announced the mission was to end in only 10 hours, a development which caught even the reporters of
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carried into orbit. A television link-up with school children on 17 August 1976 was also undertaken.
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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1075:
1048:
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810:, would vent Salyut 5's air to space and replace it due to concerns the air had become toxic.
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181:
124:
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2059:
2054:
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2039:
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2029:
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2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
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1732:
1357:
1248:
795:
207:
3408:
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1969:
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803:
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288:
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program. Various purely scientific tasks were also carried out, including
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1337:
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1308:
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756:
733:
729:
728:
Their stay coincided with the start of the Siber military exercise in
3135:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1417:
1412:
1395:
3472:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
425:
1120:
748:
492:
342:
332:
959:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
890:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
941:
872:
799:
2581:
1124:
743:
Experiments conducted during the mission were mainly of a
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2346:
2232:
2108:
1920:
1809:
1778:
1731:
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1519:
1493:
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1238:
1181:
403:
395:
387:
379:
361:
351:
341:
331:
321:
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283:
275:
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238:
227:
222:
191:
177:
169:
164:
148:
140:
130:
120:
112:
107:
91:
83:
70:
49:
39:
1096:
1040:
430:Soviet stamp featuring Volynov and Zholobov (1976)
725:next day, and gave a televised tour 8 July 1976.
1018:. Houston, Texas, USA: Gulf Publishing Company.
87:49 days, 6 hours and 23 minutes
3468:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
2593:
1136:
201:
195:
8:
971:
969:
928:
926:
794:Zholobov's illness was apparently caused by
21:
2600:
2586:
2578:
1244:
1173:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
1143:
1129:
1121:
802:have reported that psychologists with the
617:
562:
503:
61:
20:
1168:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
1099:Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis Aboard Mir
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
859:
857:
855:
853:
2566:The † sign designates failed missions.
849:
977:"Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz 21"
1016:Almanac of Soviet Manned Space Flight
627:
572:
513:
7:
3510:Spacecraft launched by Soyuz rockets
2564:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
2556:Uncrewed missions are designated as
16:1976 crewed spaceflight to Salyut 5
3505:Spacecraft which reentered in 1976
14:
804:Russian Aviation and Space Agency
1229:
954:
885:
834:
820:
654:
637:
599:
582:
542:
523:
424:
416:
27:
1043:The Soviet Manned Space Program
677:6,750 kg (14,880 lb)
2570:designates cancelled missions.
1103:. HarperCollins. p. 185.
1074:. Springer. pp. 195–196.
1047:. New York, USA: Orion Books.
683:193.0 km (119.9 mi)
144:6,750 kg (14,880 lb)
73:
1:
1221:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
1071:Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft
689:253.0 km (157.2 mi)
533:Second and final spaceflight
152:1,200 kg (2,600 lb)
1068:R. Hall; D. Shayler (2003).
399:24 August 1976, 13:40:13 UTC
279:24 August 1976, 18:32:17 UTC
3500:Spacecraft launched in 1976
287:200 km at the southwest of
202:
3526:
3462:
2632:
2554:
1227:
1158:
910:Encyclopedia Astronautica
652:
649:
635:
632:
597:
594:
580:
577:
540:
537:
521:
518:
465:
415:
411:
391:7 July 1976, 13:40:00 UTC
375:
371:
347:253 km (157 mi)
337:193 km (120 mi)
302:
298:
266:
262:
218:
214:
196:
160:
156:
103:
99:
35:
26:
3495:1976 in the Soviet Union
3186:Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing 3
1095:Bryan Burrough (1998).
1014:Dennis Newkirk (1990).
757:biological observations
1163:List of Soyuz missions
1039:Phillip Clark (1988).
934:"Soyuz 21: Trajectory"
476:crewed mission to the
231:6 July 1976, 12:08:45
3490:Crewed Soyuz missions
2919:Meteor-Priroda No.2-1
1189:Soyuz (rocket family)
713:, the last dedicated
606:Valery Rozhdestvensky
312:Reference system
108:Spacecraft properties
3359:Fanhui Shi Weixing 3
2616:Orbital launches in
1364:Zond lunar programme
1241:(by spacecraft type)
422:Vimpel Diamond patch
44:Soviet space program
1199:Baikonur Cosmodrome
938:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
869:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
842:Soviet Union portal
738:Progress spacecraft
619:
564:
505:
23:
2471:(uncrewed landing)
1678:(uncrewed landing)
1194:Soyuz (spacecraft)
828:Spaceflight portal
753:solar observations
706:Mission highlights
669:Mission parameters
618:
563:
504:
307:Orbital parameters
3477:
3476:
2575:
2574:
2493:
2492:
2480:(uncrewed launch)
1693:(uncrewed launch)
1504:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
1479:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
1216:Soyuz abort modes
666:
665:
611:
610:
556:
555:
552:Only spaceflight
455:
454:
3517:
2717:Intelsat IVA F-2
2621:
2620:
2619:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2579:
2498:Current missions
2481:
2472:
2428:
1936:
1836:
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1694:
1679:
1618:
1314:
1269:
1264:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
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761:aquarium of fish
659:
658:
650:Flight Engineer
642:
641:
620:
604:
603:
595:Flight Engineer
589:Vyacheslav Zudov
587:
586:
565:
547:
546:
538:Flight Engineer
528:
527:
506:
467:
428:
420:
333:Perigee altitude
316:Geocentric orbit
223:Start of mission
205:
199:
198:
92:Orbits completed
84:Mission duration
75:
66:
65:
59:
31:
24:
3525:
3524:
3520:
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3516:
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3480:
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3449:Molniya-3 No.17
3121:Molniya-1 No.43
2909:Molniya-3 No.16
2819:Molniya-1 No.42
2662:Molniya-1 No.40
2628:
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2519:Future missions
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1225:
1177:
1154:
1152:Soyuz programme
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1119:
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1111:
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821:
819:
816:
747:as part of the
745:military nature
708:
671:
653:
644:Viktor Gorbatko
636:
616:
598:
581:
561:
551:
549:Vitaly Zholobov
541:
532:
522:
502:
489:Vitaly Zholobov
451:
450:
444:
437:
434:Soyuz programme
429:
423:
421:
343:Apogee altitude
326:Low Earth orbit
186:Vitaly Zholobov
184:
121:Spacecraft type
116:Soyuz 7K-T No.9
60:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3131:Interkosmos 16
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3019:Interkosmos 15
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2894:OPS 6431 SSU-3
2891:
2889:OPS 6431 SSU-2
2886:
2884:OPS 6431 SSU-1
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2350:(2016–present)
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1125:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1087:
1080:
1060:
1053:
1031:
1024:
993:
965:
922:
906:"Baikonur LC1"
896:
848:
847:
846:
845:
831:
815:
812:
707:
704:
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696:
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453:
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396:Undocking date
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389:
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372:
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365:
359:
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355:
349:
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313:
309:
308:
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303:
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299:
296:
295:
285:
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280:
277:
273:
272:
271:End of mission
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264:
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259:
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246:
240:
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235:
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68:
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53:
47:
46:
41:
37:
36:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3522:
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2243:Soyuz TMA-01M
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2240:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
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2207:
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2200:
2197:
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1255:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:Past missions
1237:
1232:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
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1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1112:
1110:0-88730-783-3
1106:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1081:1-85233-657-9
1077:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1054:0-517-56954-X
1050:
1045:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1025:0-87201-848-2
1021:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
982:
981:SPACEFACTS.de
978:
972:
970:
966:
962:
961:public domain
944:. 14 May 2020
943:
939:
935:
929:
927:
923:
911:
907:
900:
897:
893:
892:public domain
875:. 14 May 2020
874:
870:
866:
860:
858:
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854:
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832:
829:
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764:
762:
758:
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750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
723:
719:
718:space station
716:
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688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
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672:
668:
662:
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607:
602:
593:
590:
585:
576:
570:
567:
566:
558:
550:
545:
536:
531:
530:Boris Volynov
526:
517:
511:
508:
507:
499:
497:
494:
491:returning to
490:
486:
485:Boris Volynov
482:
481:space station
479:
475:
472:) was a 1976
471:
463:
459:
449: →
448:
443:
440:←
436:
435:
427:
419:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
380:Docking with
378:
374:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
334:
330:
327:
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310:
305:
301:
297:
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278:
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244:
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
194:
190:
187:
183:
182:Boris Volynov
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
126:
125:Soyuz 7K-T/A9
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
76:
69:
64:
58:
54:
52:
48:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
3469:
3465:
3354:Molniya-2-16
3316:
3297:Ekran No.11L
3272:Meteor No.35
3259:
3247:
3215:
3211:Gran' No.12L
3059:
3058:
2849:Meteor No.37
2779:Molniya-1-33
2726:
2567:
2561:
2557:
1763:Apollo–Soyuz
1621:
1521:Soyuz 7K-OKS
1495:Soyuz 7K-LOK
1470:Soyuz 7K-L1E
1457:
1450:
1098:
1090:
1070:
1063:
1042:
1034:
1015:
986:18 September
984:. Retrieved
980:
946:. Retrieved
937:
913:. Retrieved
909:
899:
877:. Retrieved
868:
793:
781:
773:
768:Radio Moscow
765:
742:
727:
709:
701:88.7 minutes
698:
693:Inclination:
692:
686:
680:
674:
661:Yury Glazkov
614:Reserve crew
469:
457:
456:
432:
407:48 days
388:Docking date
367:88.7 minutes
284:Landing site
276:Landing date
149:Landing mass
131:Manufacturer
18:
2560:instead of
2357:Soyuz MS-01
2236:(2010–2016)
2234:Soyuz-TMA-M
2119:Soyuz TMA-1
2112:(2002–2012)
1924:(1986–2002)
1820:Kosmos 1001
1813:(1978–1986)
1782:(1974–1976)
1735:(1974–1976)
1733:Soyuz 7K-TM
1549:(1972–1981)
1497:(1971–1972)
1472:(1969–1970)
1360:(1967–1970)
1358:Soyuz 7K-L1
1251:(1966–1970)
1249:Soyuz 7K-OK
1182:Main topics
904:Mark Wade.
796:nitric acid
559:Backup crew
404:Time docked
353:Inclination
250:Launch site
228:Launch date
208:Lake Baikal
141:Launch mass
135:NPO Energia
3484:Categories
3454:Kosmos 887
3444:Kosmos 886
3434:Kosmos 885
3429:Kosmos 884
3424:Kosmos 883
3419:Kosmos 882
3414:Kosmos 881
3409:Kosmos 880
3404:Kosmos 879
3399:Kosmos 878
3394:Kosmos 877
3389:Kosmos 876
3384:Kosmos 875
3379:Kosmos 874
3374:Kosmos 873
3369:Kosmos 872
3364:Kosmos 871
3349:Kosmos 870
3344:Kosmos 869
3339:Kosmos 868
3329:Kosmos 867
3324:Kosmos 866
3312:Kosmos 865
3307:Kosmos 865
3302:Kosmos 864
3292:Kosmos 863
3287:Kosmos 862
3282:Kosmos 861
3277:Kosmos 860
3255:Kosmos 859
3243:Kosmos 858
3238:Kosmos 857
3233:Kosmos 856
3228:Kosmos 855
3201:Kosmos 854
3191:Kosmos 853
3181:Kosmos 852
3176:Kosmos 851
3171:Kosmos 850
3166:Kosmos 849
3161:Kosmos 848
3146:Kosmos 847
3141:Kosmos 846
3126:Kosmos 845
3116:Comstar 1B
3111:Kosmos 844
3106:Kosmos 843
3101:Kosmos 842
3096:Kosmos 841
3091:Kosmos 840
3081:Kosmos 839
3054:Kosmos 838
3049:Kosmos 837
3044:Kosmos 836
3039:Kosmos 835
3029:Kosmos 834
3014:Kosmos 833
3009:Kosmos 832
3004:Kosmos 831
2999:Kosmos 830
2994:Kosmos 829
2989:Kosmos 828
2984:Kosmos 827
2979:Kosmos 826
2974:Kosmos 825
2964:Kosmos 824
2959:Kosmos 823
2949:Kosmos 822
2944:Kosmos 821
2934:Kosmos 820
2929:Kosmos 819
2924:Kosmos 818
2914:Comstar 1A
2904:Kosmos 817
2874:Kosmos 816
2869:Kosmos 815
2859:Kosmos 814
2854:Kosmos 813
2844:Kosmos 812
2839:Kosmos 811
2829:Kosmos 810
2814:Kosmos 809
2809:Kosmos 808
2804:Solrad 11B
2799:Solrad 11A
2784:Kosmos 807
2774:Kosmos 806
2764:Kosmos 805
2749:Kosmos 804
2744:Kosmos 803
2739:Kosmos 802
2734:Kosmos 801
2722:Kosmos 800
2712:Kosmos 799
2707:Kosmos 798
2702:Kosmos 797
2697:Kosmos 796
2692:Kosmos 795
2687:Kosmos 794
2682:Kosmos 793
2677:Kosmos 792
2672:Kosmos 791
2667:Kosmos 790
2657:Kosmos 789
2642:Kosmos 788
2637:Kosmos 787
2427:(uncrewed)
1935:(uncrewed)
1931:Soyuz TM-1
1835:(uncrewed)
1789:Kosmos 670
1780:Soyuz 7K-S
1742:Kosmos 638
1617:(uncrewed)
1581:Kosmos 656
1571:Kosmos 613
1556:Kosmos 496
1547:Soyuz 7K-T
1485:Kosmos 382
1384:Zond 1967A
1373:Kosmos 146
1313:(uncrewed)
1284:Kosmos 186
1273:Kosmos 140
1268:(uncrewed)
1258:Kosmos 133
948:18 October
879:18 October
865:"Soyuz 21"
814:References
789:Kazakhstan
776:cosmonauts
633:Commander
628:Cosmonaut
578:Commander
573:Cosmonaut
519:Commander
514:Cosmonaut
293:Kazakhstan
113:Spacecraft
3466:underline
3334:Prognoz 5
3267:Marisat-2
3086:Palapa A1
2969:Marisat-3
2759:Marisat 1
2110:Soyuz-TMA
1831:Soyuz T-1
1209:Site 31/6
785:Kokchetav
289:Kokshetau
170:Crew size
57:1976-064A
51:COSPAR ID
3439:OPS 5705
3261:Soyuz 23
3223:OPS 8533
3217:Soyuz 22
3206:OPS 5721
3151:OPS 7940
3076:OPS 3986
3071:OPS 5366
3066:OPS 4699
3060:Soyuz 21
3034:OPS 2112
3024:Salyut 5
2954:OPS 7837
2939:Wideband
2899:LAGEOS-1
2879:OPS 6431
2834:Satcom 2
2824:OPS 7600
2754:OPS 5140
2647:Helios 2
2348:Soyuz MS
1922:Soyuz-TM
1752:Soyuz 16
1586:Soyuz 14
1576:Soyuz 13
1566:Soyuz 12
1530:Soyuz 10
1429:Zond-M 1
1204:Site 1/5
808:Soyuz 24
715:military
711:Salyut 5
681:Perigee:
624:Position
569:Position
510:Position
478:Salyut 5
470:Union 21
458:Soyuz 21
447:Soyuz 22
442:Soyuz 20
382:Salyut 5
254:Baikonur
192:Callsign
40:Operator
22:Soyuz 21
3470:italics
3318:Unnamed
3249:Unnamed
3196:Triad 3
3156:Luna 24
2864:NATO 3A
2728:CORSA-A
2568:Italics
2338:TMA-20M
2333:TMA-19M
2328:TMA-18M
2323:TMA-17M
2318:TMA-16M
2313:TMA-15M
2308:TMA-14M
2303:TMA-13M
2298:TMA-12M
2293:TMA-11M
2288:TMA-10M
2283:TMA-09M
2278:TMA-08M
2273:TMA-07M
2268:TMA-06M
2263:TMA-05M
2258:TMA-04M
2253:TMA-03M
2248:TMA-02M
1811:Soyuz-T
1309:Soyuz 2
1278:Soyuz 1
915:4 March
734:crystal
730:Siberia
720:in the
699:Period:
687:Apogee:
466:Союз 21
462:Russian
178:Members
72:SATCAT
3136:NOAA-5
2652:Hermes
2625:1977 →
2610:← 1975
2558:Kosmos
2478:
2469:
2425:
2224:TMA-22
2219:TMA-21
2214:TMA-20
2209:TMA-19
2204:TMA-18
2199:TMA-17
2194:TMA-16
2189:TMA-15
2184:TMA-14
2179:TMA-13
2174:TMA-12
2169:TMA-11
2164:TMA-10
1933:
1833:
1759:
1691:
1676:
1615:
1523:(1971)
1441:Zond 7
1396:Zond 4
1311:
1107:
1078:
1051:
1022:
759:of an
722:Soviet
474:Soviet
363:Period
322:Regime
245:11A511
239:Rocket
203:Baikal
197:Байкал
2794:LES-9
2789:LES-8
2769:Ume 1
2562:Soyuz
2544:MS-29
2540:2026
2534:MS-28
2529:MS-27
2525:2025
2510:MS-26
2505:MS-25
2485:MS-24
2476:MS-23
2467:MS-22
2462:MS-21
2457:MS-20
2452:MS-19
2447:MS-18
2442:MS-17
2437:MS-16
2432:MS-15
2423:MS-14
2418:MS-13
2413:MS-12
2408:MS-11
2402:MS-10
2397:MS-09
2392:MS-08
2387:MS-07
2382:MS-06
2377:MS-05
2372:MS-04
2367:MS-03
2362:MS-02
2159:TMA-9
2154:TMA-8
2149:TMA-7
2144:TMA-6
2139:TMA-5
2134:TMA-4
2129:TMA-3
2124:TMA-2
2100:TM-34
2095:TM-33
2090:TM-32
2085:TM-31
2080:TM-30
2075:TM-29
2070:TM-28
2065:TM-27
2060:TM-26
2055:TM-25
2050:TM-24
2045:TM-23
2040:TM-22
2035:TM-21
2030:TM-20
2025:TM-19
2020:TM-18
2015:TM-17
2010:TM-16
2005:TM-15
2000:TM-14
1995:TM-13
1990:TM-12
1985:TM-11
1980:TM-10
1881:T-10a
1423:1969A
1407:1968B
1401:1968A
1390:1967B
749:Almaz
695:51.6°
675:Mass:
493:Earth
357:51.6°
243:Soyuz
2618:1976
1975:TM-9
1970:TM-8
1965:TM-7
1960:TM-6
1955:TM-5
1950:TM-4
1945:TM-3
1940:TM-2
1912:T-15
1907:T-14
1902:T-13
1897:T-12
1892:T-11
1887:T-10
1826:1074
1510:No.2
1105:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1049:ISBN
1020:ISBN
988:2024
950:2020
942:NASA
917:2009
881:2020
873:NASA
800:NASA
774:The
755:and
500:Crew
487:and
165:Crew
79:8934
1876:T-9
1870:T-8
1865:T-7
1860:T-6
1855:T-5
1850:T-4
1845:T-3
1840:T-2
1800:869
1794:772
1747:672
1602:18a
1561:573
1435:M 2
1378:154
1304:238
1299:213
1294:212
1289:188
257:1/5
233:UTC
206:- "
95:791
74:no.
3486::
1770:22
1757:19
1723:40
1718:39
1713:38
1708:37
1703:36
1698:35
1689:34
1683:33
1674:32
1669:31
1664:30
1659:29
1654:28
1649:27
1644:26
1638:25
1633:24
1627:23
1622:21
1613:20
1608:18
1597:17
1591:15
1536:11
1459:10
1266:†
996:^
979:.
968:^
940:.
936:.
925:^
908:.
871:.
867:.
852:^
791:.
787:,
740:.
468:,
464::
291:,
210:")
2601:e
2594:t
2587:v
2404:†
1883:†
1872:†
1822:†
1802:†
1796:†
1765:)
1761:(
1685:†
1640:†
1629:†
1604:†
1593:†
1538:†
1532:†
1512:†
1506:†
1481:†
1452:9
1446:8
1437:†
1431:†
1425:†
1418:6
1413:5
1409:†
1403:†
1392:†
1386:†
1380:†
1366:)
1362:(
1348:9
1343:8
1338:7
1333:6
1328:5
1323:4
1318:3
1280:†
1260:†
1144:e
1137:t
1130:v
1113:.
1084:.
1057:.
1028:.
990:.
963:.
952:.
919:.
894:.
883:.
460:(
200:(
173:2
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