44:
836:, a British travel writer wrote that the Spanish would have been "broken and slaughtered to a man... had not Mr. Acton, the Tuscan commander, cut his cables, and let his ships drive in to shore just as the enemy was coming on us full gallop. The incessant fire of his great guns, loaded with grape-shot, not only stopped them, but obliged them to retire with great loss." 2,000 Spaniards were captured as many were cut off from the boats that would have allowed them to return to their ships. O'Reilly had to wait for a month to negotiate their return. He then wanted to retaliate by bombarding Algiers from the sea, but he learned that he had only enough provisions on board to last for an immediate return to Spain. O'Reilly and the Spanish fleet withdrew to
253:
158:
114:
891:, feeling that the national pride of Spain had been offended by the Algerines, resolved to punish them by bombarding their town. Rear admiral Antonio Barceló was appointed to carry out the attack. Though he was by far the most capable naval officer of Spain and one of the few who had risen through the ranks by merit, Barceló's designation was coldly received both by the Spanish court and military. The Rear admiral was old and illiterate and of humble extraction, which, together with his naval victories, earned him the envy of most of the senior Spanish officers.
242:
136:
230:
218:
206:
190:
103:
1000:
125:
147:
800:
mistakenly chose the wrong landing area and the artillery guns being transported on the landing craft became stuck fast in the dunes of the beach after being landed, making them totally unusable for combat. Once ashore, the
Spanish were met initially with light Algerian resistance, mainly because a feigned retreat by the forces advancing from Algiers. The latter had been massively augmented by warrior
926:, for sufficient reasons, to return immediately to Spain. In the course of these attacks 3732 mortar shells and 3833 rounds of shot were discharged by the Spaniards, and the Algerines returned 399 mortar shells and 11,284 rounds of shot. This vast expenditure of ammunition produced no corresponding effect on either side: the town was repeatedly set on fire, but the flames were soon subdued.
305:
293:
281:
266:
170:
914:
828:
same time the
Algerians sprung their trap. However, by the time the Spanish realized they were surrounded, it was too late for them. Unable to hold an effective line of resistance, the Spanish forces were routed, returning in chaos to their ships. The losses were huge; suffering nearly 3,000 casualties, including five generals killed and fifteen wounded (with one of these being
43:
820:
937:, but they did not produce a similar effect. The Algerines made several bold sallies with their small vessels, but were constantly repulsed by the superiority of fire from the fleet. While the Dey had taken refuge at his citadel, the weight of the defense was sustained by an improvised militia composed mostly of teenagers. 25 Algerine heavy guns purchased in
1023:
were fired over the city, compared to 202 bombs and 1,164 cannonballs fired by the
Algerians. Major damage to the city and its fortifications and a large fire were observed. An attack by light vessels of the Algerian fleet, composed of 67 ships, was repulsed, four of them being destroyed. The Allied
687:
that was repelled with significant losses, despite support from Tuscan forces. Algerian privateering increased post-invasion, and Spain's attempts at peace through diplomacy and bribery were unsuccessful. Two separate bombardments of
Algiers by Rear admiral Antonio Barceló in 1783 and 1784 inflicted
941:
had blown up during the battle due to their misuse or bad conditions. In addition, 562 buildings were destroyed or damaged by the bombardment, an insignificant figure given that
Algiers consisted of 5,000 buildings and that the whole town was exposed to the Spanish fire. Otherwise, only one gunboat
827:
The
Spanish advanced forwards to engage the seemingly retreating Algerian forces, and moved further inland. However, the Algerians drew the Spanish into a specially chosen location where they could ambush and attack them from cover. By now the Spanish had realized the position they were in, at the
799:
instructed his warships to protect the landing craft as they approached, but despite the bays shallow water he stuck to the coast as close as possible to maximize the effectiveness of his ships. Despite the strict instructions that O'Reilly gave to his troops, the pilots of the landing craft
905:. The Algerines had no more than 2 demi-galleons of 5 guns each, a felucca of 6, two xebecs of 4 guns each, and 6 gunboats carrying 12 and 24-pounders to oppose them. On 29 July the Spanish fleet came in sight of the town and two days later Barceló formed his
1040:
Algiers refused to give in to
Spanish demands and piracy continued. At last in 1785, a peace treaty was concluded, forcing Spain to pay 1,000,000 Pesos as war reparations to Algiers, the signing of the treaty did not end hostilities and skirmishes continued.
795:. On July 5, the combined Spanish and Tuscan force reached Algiers, and O'Reilly made the decision to land troops to capture the city. The Spanish troops landed in two waves, but became deeply uncomfortable by the sweltering summer heat. Spanish admiral
1015:, the Allied fleet sailed from Cartagena, arriving off Algiers on 10 July. Two days later at 8:30 AM, the bombardment began with the Spanish ships opening fire. It was kept up until 4:20 PM, during which time about 600 bombs, 1,440
921:
The cannonade and bombardment commenced at 14:30 and continued without intermission till sunset. The attack was renewed on the following, and on every succeeding day until the 9th, when it was resolved at a
1127:
909:
and made the necessary dispositions for the attack. The bomb-ketches and gunboats, supported by xebecs and other vessels, formed the vanguard, the whole being covered by the ships of line and frigates.
688:
limited damage and failed to compel
Algerian surrender. The war concluded in 1785 with a treaty that required Spain to pay 1,000,000 Pesos in war reparations but failed to end hostilities or piracy.
996:, and by that of Portugal, which provided two ships of line and two frigates under Admiral Ramires Esquível. These last joined the allied fleet later and arrived in the middle of the bombardment.
454:
708:
had been constantly harassing the
Spanish coast, Spain fought multiple wars with Algeria, but they were never able to end the local piracy once and for all. On top of that Spain held both
728:
to be the Dey of
Algiers, Spain attempted to sign a peace treaty with them, but that only ended in the exchange of captives in 1767, and 1768. In 1775, after raids didn't stop, Spain
1367:
A general collection of the best and most interesting voyages and travels in all parts of the world: many of which are now first translated into English ; digested on a new plan
1428:
1488:
447:
1473:
1468:
1438:
1408:
533:
1423:
1418:
440:
683:
An attempted peace treaty in 1766 resulted only in an exchange of captives. Spain officially declared war in 1775, launching an ill-fated invasion led by
852:
in 1775. Spain tried to reach a peace agreement with the Ottoman Regency with the aim of securing their commercial traffic along the Mediterranean. Don
1389:
976:
armed with pieces of 24 pounds, 8 more with 18 pounds' pieces, 7 lightly armed to board the Algerian vessels, 24 armed with mortars, and 8
491:
1458:
1493:
1331:
617:
107:
1128:"RELATIONS ENTRE ALGER ET CONSTANTINOPLE SOUS LA GOUVERNEMENT DU DEY MOHAMMED BEN OTHMANE PACHA ( ), SELON LES SOURCES ESPAGNOLES"
1433:
622:
528:
555:
1478:
717:
577:
565:
901:
Barceló sailed from Cartagena on July 3 ahead of 5 ships of the line, 4 frigates and 68 small vessels, including gunboats and
644:
654:
572:
787:
for Algiers, reaching its destination by the beginning of July. On the way, they joined forces with the small fleet of the
1498:
1413:
946:
895:
649:
637:
632:
496:
48:
1483:
1344:
España Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century, compiled from the most authentic histories of the period: 1783-1795
560:
1352:
1463:
985:
792:
701:
612:
257:
880:
of the infantry, opted for war, ignoring the recommendations of his naval officers. The Spanish chief minister, the
849:
745:
627:
592:
550:
516:
1342:
607:
234:
1012:
988:, which provided two ships of the line, three frigates, two brigs and two xebecs under Admiral Bologna, by the
930:
801:
587:
506:
501:
246:
864:. The Regency, nevertheless, denied to accept the treaty. The Dey, influenced by several of his officers, the
602:
597:
511:
1453:
1443:
783:. Twenty thousand soldiers, sailors and marines completed the complement and it set course from the port of
721:
545:
271:
582:
1448:
1379:
1321:
881:
788:
540:
481:
162:
309:
999:
805:
285:
733:
684:
210:
725:
888:
523:
195:
151:
832:), and abandoning to the Algerians no fewer than 15 artillery pieces and some 9000 other weapons.
1020:
486:
476:
174:
796:
222:
17:
942:
was lost by the defenders. The Spanish casualties were also minimum: 26 killed and 14 wounded.
1385:
1327:
1025:
1004:
829:
752:
677:
297:
140:
129:
118:
75:
956:, Barceló had finished preparations for a new expedition. His fleet consisted of four 80-gun
957:
953:
853:
784:
764:
713:
837:
833:
780:
705:
1365:
1024:
casualties were minimal: 6 killed and 9 wounded, most of them due to accidents with the
816:
who had followed the course of Spanish military preparations during the spring of 1775.
989:
923:
906:
857:
673:
1402:
1029:
861:
848:
The Algerine privateering against Spanish vessels increased following the disastrous
981:
772:
432:
1003:
Portrait of Antonio Barceló. 1848 copy from an 18th-century original that was at
977:
934:
902:
884:, then tried in vain to bribe the Dey with gold to open negotiations for peace.
860:
in 1782 and managed to obtain a friendship and commercial agreement with Sultan
1016:
913:
813:
704:, albeit war was rarely declared. Spain was especially crippled by this since
1357:
Armada española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y de León. Vol VII
804:
from the interior, who sent forces to Algiers after having been alerted by
819:
961:
768:
760:
756:
697:
401:
397:
751:
By June the task force that had been assembled was enormous, with seven
973:
938:
809:
776:
729:
392:
387:
71:
1323:
España y los países musulmanes durante el ministerio de Floridablanca
993:
377:
1256:
1254:
1220:
1218:
1193:
1191:
998:
965:
912:
382:
1178:
1176:
969:
709:
436:
779:
and three smaller warships, along with two hundred and thirty
1032:
José Rodríguez, exploded accidentally, killing 25 sailors.
1077:
1075:
1028:
of the bombs. Gunboat No. 27, commanded by the Neapolitan
823:
Portrait of Sir John Acton, attributed to Emanuele Napoli.
992:, which provided a ship of line, two frigates and five
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
917:
Excerpt of view of bombardment under Antonio Barceló.
980:
with 8 pound pieces. The expedition was financed by
1320:Conrotte, Manuel; Corrales, Eloy Martín (2006).
1260:
1224:
1209:
1197:
972:, 9 small vessels, and an attacking force of 24
1359:(in Spanish). Madrid: Sucesores de Rivadeneyra.
31:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1272:
1182:
1056:
1054:
724:(also known as Muhammad V) was elected by the
1326:(in Spanish). Spain: Editorial Renacimiento.
1092:
1090:
448:
8:
1429:Battles involving the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1011:On 28 June, having entrusted itself to the
700:constant state of conflict, ever since the
1384:(in Spanish). Toledo: I.T. San Ildefonso.
1370:. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme.
455:
441:
433:
42:
28:
1081:
1489:Sieges involving the Knights Hospitaller
818:
1474:Sieges involving the Regency of Algiers
1381:Presencia de España en Orán (1509-1792)
1296:Don Antonio Barceló, el "Capitán Toni".
1050:
736:to lead an expedition against Algiers.
1469:18th century in the Regency of Algiers
1439:Wars involving the Knights Hospitaller
1347:. London: Mitchell's Military Library.
1409:Wars involving the Regency of Algiers
7:
1424:Wars involving the Kingdom of Sicily
1419:Wars involving the Kingdom of Naples
1245:
1122:
1120:
840:with his reputation now in tatters.
25:
1378:Sánchez Doncel, Gregorio (1991).
984:and supported by the Navy of the
947:The Bombardment of Algiers (1784)
896:The Bombardment of Algiers (1783)
427:65 galiots and gunboats destroyed
1069:Juan Vidal/Martínez Ruiz pg. 329
702:Spanish-Algerian War (1504–1512)
303:
291:
279:
264:
251:
240:
228:
216:
204:
188:
168:
156:
145:
134:
123:
112:
101:
37:Part of the Spanish–Barbary wars
18:Spanish–Algerian war (1775–1785)
732:declared war, and in May, sent
746:The Invasion of Algiers (1775)
578:3rd Oran and 2nd Mers-el-Kébir
529:1st Oran and 1st Mers el-Kébir
1:
929:Following the example of the
49:Bombardment of Algiers (1784)
1261:Conrotte & Corrales 2006
1225:Conrotte & Corrales 2006
1210:Conrotte & Corrales 2006
1198:Conrotte & Corrales 2006
696:Spain and Algeria were in a
986:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
720:. In 1766, some time after
672:was a conflict between the
1515:
1459:1775 in the Ottoman Empire
1494:Sieges involving Portugal
1105:Rodríguez González p. 211
472:
408:
317:
180:
94:
54:
41:
36:
1364:Pinkerton, John (1809).
931:Great Siege of Gibraltar
718:decisive victory in 1732
1434:Wars involving Portugal
1353:Fernández Duro, Cesáreo
876:of the cavalry and the
722:Baba Mohammed ben-Osman
404:, and other minor ships
1479:Sieges involving Spain
1306:Fernández Duro pg. 346
1008:
918:
882:Count of Floridablanca
824:
791:led by Tuscan admiral
789:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
181:Commanders and leaders
1341:Cust, Edward (1859).
1002:
916:
868:, the treasurer, the
822:
409:Casualties and losses
1499:Charles III of Spain
1414:Wars involving Spain
933:, the garrison used
670:Spanish–Algerian War
623:Spanish-Algerian War
464:Spanish-Barbary Wars
425:Unknown total deaths
357:9 ships of the line
329:7 ships of the line
32:Spanish–Algerian War
1484:18th-century sieges
1273:Fernández Duro 1902
1183:Sánchez Doncel 1991
850:invasion of Algiers
363:90 smaller warships
310:Moustapha Ouaznadji
152:Kingdom of Portugal
1464:Invasions by Spain
1009:
919:
825:
734:Alejandro O'Reilly
716:, following their
685:Alejandro O'Reilly
343:3 smaller warships
211:Alejandro O'Reilly
175:Regency of Algiers
1391:978-84-600-7614-8
1013:Virgen del Carmen
1005:Palma de Mallorca
830:Bernado de Galvez
753:ships of the line
678:Deylik of Algiers
663:
662:
431:
430:
423:
370:4,000 Janissaries
298:Mohammed el Kebir
141:Hospitaller Malta
130:Kingdom of Sicily
119:Kingdom of Naples
90:
89:
76:Mediterranean Sea
16:(Redirected from
1506:
1395:
1374:
1372:algiers barceló.
1360:
1348:
1337:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1293:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1228:
1222:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1171:
1170:Swinburne pg. 61
1168:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
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1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
854:Juan de Bouligny
726:diwan of Algiers
706:Algerine pirates
593:Cape St. Vincent
569:
537:
520:
467:
457:
450:
443:
434:
421:
308:
307:
306:
296:
295:
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163:Duchy of Tuscany
161:
160:
159:
150:
149:
148:
139:
138:
137:
128:
127:
126:
117:
116:
115:
108:Kingdom of Spain
106:
105:
104:
86:Algerian victory
56:
55:
46:
29:
21:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1377:
1363:
1351:
1340:
1334:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1252:
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1216:
1208:
1204:
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1189:
1181:
1174:
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1125:
1118:
1113:
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1100:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1038:
950:
899:
846:
834:Henry Swinburne
797:Antonio Barceló
781:transport ships
759:, twenty-seven
749:
742:
694:
666:
665:
664:
659:
563:
531:
514:
497:3rd La Goulette
487:2nd La Goulette
482:1st La Goulette
468:
465:
463:
461:
426:
424:
417:
415:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
374:14,000 infantry
373:
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369:
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358:
356:
352:
350:
346:
344:
342:
340:
339:4 mortar boats
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304:
302:
292:
290:
280:
278:
265:
263:
252:
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229:
227:
223:Antonio Barceló
217:
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155:
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144:
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135:
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124:
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100:
78:
47:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:1775 in Africa
1451:
1446:
1444:Spanish Africa
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1375:
1361:
1349:
1338:
1332:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1277:
1275:, p. 346.
1265:
1263:, p. 163.
1250:
1229:
1227:, p. 162.
1214:
1212:, p. 160.
1202:
1200:, p. 165.
1187:
1185:, p. 274.
1172:
1163:
1161:Houtsma p. 259
1154:
1145:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1086:
1084:, p. 461.
1082:Pinkerton 1809
1071:
1062:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
990:Order of Malta
949:
944:
924:council of war
907:line of battle
898:
893:
858:Constantinople
845:
842:
793:Sir John Acton
748:
743:
741:
738:
693:
690:
674:Spanish Empire
661:
660:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
641:
640:
635:
630:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
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585:
580:
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561:Peñon de Velez
558:
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538:
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521:
509:
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494:
489:
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469:
462:
460:
459:
452:
445:
437:
429:
428:
418:
411:
410:
406:
405:
372:15,000 camelry
364:
345:230 transports
320:
319:
315:
314:
313:
312:
300:
288:
260:
247:Emmanuel Marie
238:
237:
235:Pedro González
225:
213:
183:
182:
178:
177:
165:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
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80:
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68:
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52:
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39:
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27:
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24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1511:
1500:
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1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:1775 in Spain
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1333:84-96133-57-5
1329:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1248:, p. 14.
1247:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1152:Powell p. 886
1149:
1146:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:'s Town Hall.
1006:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
958:ships of line
955:
948:
945:
943:
940:
936:
935:red-hot balls
932:
927:
925:
915:
911:
908:
904:
897:
894:
892:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:Abdul Hamid I
859:
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1314:Bibliography
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1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:docplayer.fr
1131:
1114:Doncel p.264
1110:
1101:
1065:
1060:Jaques p. 34
1039:
1010:
982:Pope Pius VI
978:bomb vessels
951:
928:
920:
903:bomb vessels
900:
886:
877:
873:
869:
865:
856:was sent to
847:
826:
806:intelligence
773:mortar boats
750:
695:
682:
669:
667:
603:Cala Figuera
378:demi-galleys
366:
359:11 frigates
353:
347:
333:27 gunboats
331:12 frigates
323:
270:
262:
194:
186:
95:Belligerents
1134:(in French)
1096:Wolf p. 322
1017:cannonballs
889:Charles III
638:3rd Algiers
633:2nd Algiers
628:1st Algiers
618:2nd Melilla
564: [
551:1st Melilla
546:2nd Larache
532: [
515: [
507:1st Larache
466:(1605–1792)
337:9 feluccas
196:Charles III
1403:Categories
1045:References
1036:The treaty
814:Marseilles
692:Background
613:Cape Palos
541:3rd Mamora
512:2nd Mamora
502:San Pietro
492:1st Mamora
414:5,000 dead
361:14 xebecs
341:7 galleys
327:20,000 men
272:Muhammad V
258:John Acton
1246:Cust 1859
954:Cartagena
844:Aftermath
802:tribesmen
785:Cartagena
755:, twelve
645:3rd Ceuta
588:Cartagena
583:2nd Ceuta
556:1st Ceuta
420:300 dead
286:Salah Bey
62:1775–1785
1355:(1902).
1019:and 260
974:gunboats
962:frigates
866:fasnachi
838:Alicante
808:sent by
775:, seven
769:feluccas
761:gunboats
757:frigates
698:de facto
676:and the
655:4th Oran
598:Benidorm
573:2nd Oran
477:Hammamet
402:gunboats
398:galliots
388:gunboats
351:76 ships
335:5 hulks
318:Strength
74:and the
67:Location
994:galleys
960:, four
939:Denmark
777:galleys
771:, four
767:, nine
763:, five
740:The War
730:de jure
650:Tangier
608:Palamós
393:felucca
72:Algeria
1388:
1330:
1138:25 May
1030:ensign
1021:shells
966:xebecs
874:Codgia
872:, the
810:Berber
422:(1775)
383:xebecs
367:Total:
83:Result
1026:fuses
970:brigs
964:, 12
887:King
870:focha
765:hulks
568:]
536:]
524:Calpe
519:]
354:1784:
348:1783:
324:1775:
1386:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1140:2019
968:, 3
712:and
710:Oran
668:The
59:Date
952:In
878:Aga
396:70
1405::
1280:^
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1130:.
1119:^
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680:.
566:fr
534:fr
517:fr
400:,
391:1
386:6
381:2
376:2
1394:.
1336:.
1142:.
456:e
449:t
442:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
