1063:
1806:
324:
1437:
595:
218:
1831:
4947:
944:
1124:
2165:
565:
1912:
1785:). Both the Cortes' founding law and the subsequent regulations were based on the principles of rejection of parliamentarism and political pluralism. Members of the Cortes were not elected and exercised only symbolic power. It had no power over government spending, and the cabinet, appointed and dismissed by Franco alone, retained real legislative authority. In 1967, with the enaction of the
809:
3111:
3938:
3908:
3878:
3848:
3818:
3788:
3758:
1693:
affairs) sank the
Radical Party and the CEDA entered the Government in 1934. This led to uprisings by some leftist parties that were quickly suffocated. In one of them, the left wing government of Catalonia, which had been granted home rule, formally rebelled against the central government, denying
1893:
that it does not accomplish such a task because 208 out of 265 members of the Senate are elected by popular vote in each province, and only 58 are representatives appointed by the regional legislatures of autonomous communities. Proposals to reform the Senate have been discussed for at least ten
1730:
in his place. During the third term, the extreme polarisation of the
Spanish society was more evident than ever in Parliament, with confrontation reaching the level of death threats. The already bad political and social climate created by the long-term left-right confrontation worsened, and many
1698:
and the imprisonment of their leaders. The leftist minority in the Cortes then pressed Alcalá Zamora for a dissolution, arguing that the uprising were the consequence of social rejection of the right-wing government. The
President, a former monarchist Minister wary of the authoritarianism of the
1604:, called for local elections. The results were overwhelmingly favorable to the monarchist cause nationally, but most provincial capitals and other sizable cities sided heavily with the republicans. This was interpreted as a victory, as the rural results were under the always-present suspicion of
1585:
movement. In the meantime, spiralling violence started with the murders of many leaders by both sides. Deprived of those leaders, the regime entered a general crisis, with extreme police measures which led to a dictatorship (1921–1930) during which the Senate was again abolished.
3930:
3900:
3870:
3840:
3810:
3780:
3750:
1053:
in 1300. The
Leonese and Castilian Corteses were merged in 1258, after which it provided representation to Burgos, Toledo, León, Seville, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén, Zamora, Segovia, Ávila, Salamanca, Cuenca, Toro, Valladolid, Soria, Madrid, Guadalajara, and (after 1492) Granada.
1495:
crushed the
National Militia and restored absolutist rule in Spain. During the subsequent reaction, many liberals were forced into exile, many—ironically—ending up in France, but generally Ferdinand VII was less strident in his policies through the remainder of his reign.
1198:
1721:
and a Centre coalition. In the end, the
Popular Front won with a small edge in votes over the runner-up National Front, but achieved a solid majority due to the new electoral system introduced by the CEDA government hoping that
1881:
The
Congress is composed of 350 deputies (but that figure may change in the future as the constitution establishes a maximum of 400 and a minimum of 300) directly elected by universal suffrage approximately every four years.
1560:(peaceful rotation) in which elections were informally fixed so the Conservatives and Liberals would have alternating periods as the majority in the Cortes, with other parties restricted to a smaller number of seats.
1662:, who said the Republic had been backstabbed. Also, for the second time in Spanish history, some regions were granted autonomous governments within the unitary state. Many on the extreme right rose up with General
2777:
1889:, one for each community and another one for every million inhabitants in their territory. Although the Senate was conceived as a territorial upper house, it has been argued by nationalist parties and the
4470:
1028:
because it was the first to provide formal national representation of the free urban citizens alongside the clergy and hereditary nobility. Subsequently, larger and more inclusive Cortes occurred in the
4228:
1898:
and make the Senate a thorough representation of autonomous communities instead of the current system, which tries to incorporate the interests of province and autonomous communities at the same time.
1319:) primarily concerned themselves with overseeing previous agreements and the collection of taxes in Castile and the larger empire; separate deputations oversaw similar work in Aragon and Navarre.
4475:
5062:
1062:
1293:
1685:). Initially, only the Radical Party entered the Government, with the parliamentary support of the CEDA. However, in the middle of the term, several corruption scandals (among them the
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4480:
3165:
2561:
4157:
1988:
1491:("Three Liberal Years"). Ferdinand vetoed nearly every law passed during the period and repeatedly asked other nations to invade and restore him to his previous authority. Finally,
770:; specifically, the candidate for Prime Minister has to be invested by the Congress with a majority of affirmative votes. The Congress can also dismiss the Prime Minister through a
1678:
2058:
5279:
4714:
1479:
enacted by the Cortes was immediately set aside by
Ferdinand upon his restoration in 1814. His conservative policies led to a series of military coups that culminated in
5534:
5764:
5111:
4937:
2643:
1115:
directly derived from these fueros.) In some cases, the Cortes was able to independently select agents to act as permanent advisors to the king between its sessions.
5708:
1530:). However, due to numerous issues, Spain was not ready to become a republic; after several crises the government collapsed, and the monarchy was restored in 1874.
1471:. The Cortes was the first to act as a single representative body for the entire country and empire, although substitutes had to be chosen from among the people of
4292:
4222:
1107:, further grants of privileges and autonomy, to the residents of certain cities in exchange for lump sum payments to meet military and other obligations. (Modern
1885:
The Senate is partly directly elected in that four senators per province are elected as a general rule and partly appointed by the legislative assemblies of the
5055:
4709:
2929:
2199:
3931:"Current membership of Comisión Mixta para la Coordinación y Seguimiento de la Estrategia Española para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS)"
1870:). Although they share legislative power, the Congress holds the power to ultimately override any decision of the Senate by a sufficient majority (usually an
735:
serve four-year terms, and they are representatives of the
Spanish people. In both chambers, the seats are divided by constituencies that correspond with the
5993:
5754:
5234:
4628:
3151:
2656:
1327:
6021:
4882:
2903:
2898:
2893:
3078:
5665:
4771:
3170:
2604:
2528:
5048:
2889:
1627:, either on the advice of Parliament or just having consulted it before, and a limited power to dissolve the Parliament and call for new elections.
5549:
5284:
4746:
2924:
2639:
2387:
1747:
180:
4497:
5621:
4021:
3051:
2919:
2846:
1492:
935:; with ecclesiastical prerogatives completely secure, they then tended to allow royal edicts to come into effect without further ratification.
3972:
1805:
1608:
and other irregularities while the urban results were harder to influence. The King left Spain, and a
Republic was declared on 14 April 1931.
4766:
2864:
2767:
2557:
2407:
169:
4973:
4968:
2967:
2962:
2772:
2459:
2417:
1550:
to the Cortes' acts but with some reserve powers, such as appointing and dismissing the Prime Minister and appointing senators for the new
1311:, the delegates of the Cortes of Castile were financially dependent on the Crown for their income. The Imperial Cortes and its deputation (
323:
4134:
1099:) expanded their importance at the various corteses. The king retained the ability to call and dismiss the Cortes but tended to exchange
5911:
5701:
5616:
5539:
4963:
3232:
3204:
3004:
2841:
2474:
2316:
1890:
1572:
350:
244:
6016:
5601:
5583:
5294:
5249:
5176:
4419:
3037:
3014:
2995:
2826:
1407:
5961:
5891:
5779:
5606:
5586:
5474:
5404:
5214:
4507:
3644:
3593:
3009:
848:
826:
411:
5329:
4099:
1716:
6011:
5971:
5866:
5784:
5484:
5479:
5289:
4260:
3027:
2624:
2368:
2334:
2311:
6126:
6121:
5652:
5299:
4522:
4465:
4335:
4287:
4282:
4255:
4218:
4213:
4124:
3175:
3144:
3022:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2784:
2762:
2586:
2524:
2449:
2226:
1886:
1568:
1247:
717:
146:
6131:
6031:
5956:
5749:
5694:
5675:
5670:
5186:
5131:
5091:
3617:
2974:
2678:
2439:
2397:
2382:
2221:
830:
1601:
5464:
5171:
4537:
4355:
4129:
3344:
3074:
2851:
2721:
2444:
2193:
2104:
1703:
1670:
1643:
1436:
1365:
1261:
701:
606:
551:
535:
519:
503:
384:
1921:
6116:
5769:
5469:
5181:
4460:
4424:
4250:
3251:
3124:
3084:
2755:
2544:
2426:
2322:
2178:
2089:
1777:
1631:
1515:
1476:
375:
2661:
6026:
5936:
5896:
5824:
5739:
5578:
5489:
5424:
5224:
5156:
5151:
5116:
4527:
4051:
3371:
2576:
2454:
2256:
1190:
4946:
3399:
2045:
479:
4875:
3962:
5931:
5759:
5454:
5269:
5239:
5106:
4387:
4084:
4014:
3418:
3137:
2952:
2945:
2261:
576:
359:
289:
1711:
1322:
The corteses were able to regain some of their previous powers and influence during the 17th century, as repeated
819:
594:
6111:
5976:
5926:
5921:
5881:
5734:
5444:
5344:
5324:
5219:
5166:
5022:
5005:
4988:
4978:
4868:
4781:
4561:
4487:
4233:
4177:
4172:
3362:
2999:
2727:
2683:
2550:
2464:
2432:
2066:
2022:
1966:
1855:
1651:
1351:
1030:
881:
867:
461:
429:
340:
300:
234:
157:
2393:
5886:
5856:
5846:
5557:
5384:
5364:
4756:
4402:
4277:
4074:
3279:
2469:
2297:
2283:
1786:
1695:
959:
924:
450:
402:
3454:
3298:
2204:
1830:
1269:
1775:, a law established the Cortes Españolas (Spanish Cortes), a non-democratic chamber made up of more than 400
5414:
5096:
4517:
4375:
4114:
3180:
3093:
2799:
2363:
2251:
1635:
1624:
1543:
1523:
1289:
1214:
1070:
923:
through the medieval period. The Visigothic councils, however, gradually came to be completely dominated by
798:
763:
217:
1789:, the accommodation of "two family representatives per province, elected by those on the electoral roll of
6049:
5611:
5499:
5379:
5304:
5264:
5259:
5229:
5191:
5161:
5141:
4455:
4298:
4104:
4094:
3325:
3089:
2805:
2633:
2591:
2018:
1772:
1547:
1505:
1452:
1235:
1009:
951:
947:
438:
1706:
was held in 1936. It was hotly contested, with all parties converging into three coalitions: the leftist
442:
5916:
5876:
5809:
5799:
5729:
5573:
5524:
5434:
5399:
5389:
5374:
5349:
5319:
5254:
5209:
5146:
5017:
5000:
4983:
4794:
4751:
4648:
4608:
4583:
4392:
4340:
4007:
3532:
3519:
3506:
3390:
2708:
2501:
2231:
2186:
1797:) ensued, opening a fraction of the Cortes' composition to some mechanisms of individual participation.
1742:, which was still being used for its local purposes at the same time. The building was a target for the
1707:
1612:
1231:
1181:
897:
784:
771:
470:
100:
3841:"Current membership of Comisión Mixta de Control Parlamentario de la Corporación RTVE y sus Sociedades"
1475:
for many regions occupied by the French and unable to send their own delegates. Extremely liberal, the
1017:
716:, with the exception of some senatorial seats, which are elected indirectly by the legislatures of the
6059:
5941:
5906:
5449:
5439:
5429:
5419:
5359:
5274:
5244:
5121:
5027:
5010:
4993:
4900:
4681:
4613:
4603:
4450:
4409:
4397:
4064:
3668:
3427:
3066:
2688:
2581:
2517:
2329:
2102:
Coordination and Monitoring of the Spanish Strategy to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals (
1389:
1292:
had intended to reverse this trend and provide a stronger role for the Cortes but was crushed by the
1251:
928:
759:
682:
544:
512:
332:
209:
133:
2114:
6090:
5981:
5871:
5819:
5774:
5744:
5519:
5509:
5369:
5314:
5136:
5126:
5101:
4731:
4618:
4598:
4588:
4370:
4345:
4109:
3472:
3463:
3436:
3061:
2742:
2354:
2347:
1834:
1810:
1759:
1647:
1595:
1539:
1468:
1448:
1331:
1163:
1112:
1046:
1034:
767:
674:
31:
943:
6064:
5841:
5596:
5394:
5339:
4726:
4721:
4623:
4593:
4542:
4382:
4365:
4304:
4201:
4167:
4059:
3552:
3353:
3213:
3056:
3032:
2957:
2819:
2789:
2672:
2617:
2596:
1894:
years as of November 2007. One of the main themes of reform is to move towards a higher level of
1771:. In 1942, following the first symptoms of change in the international panorama in favour of the
1739:
1655:
1564:
1527:
1456:
1403:
1339:
1308:
1297:
1273:
1265:
1258:
1145:
1132:
1050:
1038:
889:
875:
736:
705:
420:
3546:
1464:
1441:
1427:
1066:
1013:
1731:
right-wing rebellions were started. Then, in 1936, the Army's failed coup degenerated into the
1396:. Philip also acted to repeal or curtail most of the diverse grants of autonomy and privilege (
1123:
5804:
5309:
4741:
4653:
4638:
4633:
4573:
4512:
4502:
4414:
4323:
4309:
4265:
4244:
4182:
3720:
3650:
3640:
3613:
3589:
3042:
2794:
2649:
2567:
2292:
2276:
2246:
2236:
2155:
2010:
1871:
1743:
1732:
1373:
1323:
1255:
1228:
1154:
1042:
997:
987:
977:
176:
78:
4835:
4828:
4673:
4532:
4438:
4270:
4238:
4152:
4042:
4034:
3581:
2374:
2118:
1764:
1663:
1659:
1519:
1480:
1460:
1423:
1385:
1381:
1369:
1312:
1172:
1092:
1001:
892:
had the power of appointing and confirming kings, as well as passing laws and judgment. The
752:
653:
86:
70:
1726:
would get the edge in votes. The new Parliament then dismissed Alcalá-Zamora and installed
6074:
5647:
5409:
4904:
4701:
4696:
4492:
4187:
4119:
2511:
1837:
1768:
1690:
1554:, remade as an elected House. In practice there was an artificial two-party system called
1488:
1431:
1393:
1359:
1304:
893:
871:
690:
612:
582:
528:
496:
226:
204:
129:
62:
3901:"Current membership of Comisión Mixta para el Estudio de los Problemas de las Adicciones"
2534:
2403:
1727:
1639:
1514:
was abolished because of its royally appointed nature. A republic was proclaimed and the
153:
1928:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1303:
Reorganized, the corteses retained some power over the realm's finances—particularly in
5966:
4844:
4761:
4736:
4663:
4578:
4162:
4089:
1996:
1895:
1551:
1511:
1419:
1285:
1239:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1025:
969:
916:
912:
748:
2164:
1008:
closest to the king. General councils were convened in 873, 1020, 1050, and 1063. The
564:
6105:
5642:
5637:
5354:
5201:
4802:
4658:
3751:"Current membership of Comisión Mixta para las Relaciones con el Tribunal de Cuentas"
3445:
3307:
2712:
2413:
2085:
1875:
1813:
1666:
in 1932 against the Government's social policies, but the coup was quickly defeated.
1620:
1616:
1355:
1277:
1128:
932:
35:
1581:), which was incorrectly supposed to have been wiped out in the 1900s by the failed
1380:
suppressed the Cortes of Aragon and Valencia in 1707 and those of Catalonia and the
1326:
reduced the monarchy to financial dependency and a series of deputies including the
5072:
4849:
4807:
4691:
4547:
3115:
2241:
1926:. The reason given is: The shown data is that from the XIV Legislatura (2019–2023).
1682:
1222:
900:
885:
671:
5686:
5040:
1767:
did not prioritize the creation of a consultative or legislative type of assembly
1246:
and burghers. Queen Isabella initially had difficulty in securing funding for the
5494:
5075:
4789:
4686:
4079:
3709:
1088:
1082:
1005:
965:
920:
904:
808:
694:
686:
3811:"Current membership of Comisión Mixta de Relaciones con el Defensor del Pueblo"
1197:
6054:
5834:
5334:
5083:
3673:
2134:
1790:
1674:
1577:
1510:
When the monarchy was overthrown in 1873, the king was forced into exile. The
1074:
1021:
17:
3724:
5814:
5794:
5789:
5591:
4643:
4350:
3316:
2303:
1686:
1658:, allowing women to vote, a provision highly criticized by Socialist leader
1567:(1917), the Spanish political parties started polarizing, and the left-wing
1281:
908:
117:
3654:
712:. The Cortes are elected through universal, free, equal, direct and secret
5901:
4069:
3260:
1575:(PSOE) blamed the Government for supposed election fraud in small towns (
1472:
713:
393:
3634:
1330:
oversaw most day-to-day government. Under the young and chronically ill
6069:
5951:
5829:
5529:
1243:
1108:
833: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
744:
1630:
The first term was the constituent term charged with creating the new
1487:
forcing him to accept a more liberal constitution from 1820–1823, the
5986:
5861:
5851:
1863:
1847:
1823:
1467:" was convened that claimed sovereignty over Spain and operated as a
709:
616:
586:
1288:) without any consultation with the Toledo Cortes in 1529. The 1520
4860:
774:. The Cortes also hold the power to enact a constitutional reform.
4030:
3588:, Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 227,
1829:
1804:
1556:
1435:
1196:
1122:
1102:
1061:
942:
740:
678:
3999:
1854:
The Cortes are a bicameral parliament composed of a lower house (
3586:
The Comuneros of Castile: The Forging of a Revolution, 1475–1521
2701:
2036:
1975:
1000:). They began as advisory councils made up of the most powerful
5690:
5044:
4864:
4003:
1905:
1338:, the Cortes of Castile was responsible for naming his mother
1307:—but became limited to a consultative entity. By the reign of
802:
1623:. Among his powers were the appointment and dismissal of the
1518:
members started writing a Constitution, supposedly that of a
1139:
in 1598, with the purviews of the empire's various corteses.
629:
4945:
3871:"Current membership of Comisión Mixta de Seguridad Nacional"
3781:"Current membership of Comisión Mixta para la Unión Europea"
1738:
From November 1936 to October 1937, the Cortes were held at
726:
are composed of 615 members: 350 Deputies and 265 Senators.
755:
archipelagos forms a different constituency in the Senate.
3992:
3633:
García de Cortázar y Ruiz de Aguirre, José Angel (1976).
1650:
and thus, the Government, to a coalition between Azaña's
1522:, with the power of Parliament being nearly supreme (see
4933:
List of members of the 9th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
4928:
List of members of the 8th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
4923:
List of members of the 2nd Congress of Deputies (Spain)
4918:
List of members of the 1st Congress of Deputies (Spain)
3166:
List of presidents of the Congress of Deputies of Spain
1538:
The regime just after the First Republic is called the
1111:
preserves certain rights and privileges in its current
3717:
Trocadero: Revista de historia moderna y contemporánea
1638:
as President of the Republic and the left-wing leader
747:. However, each island or group of islands within the
1238:, monarchs' control over Spain's various kingdoms in
1091:, the growth of trade and an urbanized middle class (
3669:"Cuando el Ayuntamiento de Valencia fue bombardeado"
1673:
and won by the coalition between the Radical Party (
1264:(Charles I of Spain) was able to easily provide for
6083:
6040:
6002:
5722:
5630:
5566:
5548:
5508:
5200:
5082:
4956:
4911:
4780:
4672:
4560:
4437:
4322:
4200:
4145:
4050:
4041:
622:
557:
541:
525:
509:
493:
488:
330:
224:
195:
190:
167:
144:
139:
125:
111:
106:
45:
1619:Parliament and a President of the Republic as the
1924:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
1611:The Second Spanish Republic was established as a
4938:List of members of the 15th Congress of Deputies
3737:
3710:"Las Cortes de Franco o el Parlamento imposible"
3695:
3486:José Luis Ábalos was expelled from PSOE in 2024.
1694:its power. This provoked the dissolution of the
991:
170:President (speaker) of the Congress of Deputies
3671:[When Valencia City Hall was bombed].
3639:(3 ed.). Madrid: Alfaguara. p. 250.
1840:signs the Book of Distinguished Guests at the
5702:
5056:
4876:
4015:
3974:
3145:
1841:
1817:
1397:
1100:
1058:Rise of the bourgeoisie (12th–15th centuries)
981:
778:
730:
721:
642:
51:
8:
5612:Yugoslavia (1931–1939, 1945–1963, 1974–1992)
1679:Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas
1414:Napoleonic Spain and the Three Liberal Years
1020:is sometimes taken to mark the beginning of
665:
5709:
5695:
5687:
5063:
5049:
5041:
4883:
4869:
4861:
4566:
4443:
4328:
4206:
4047:
4022:
4008:
4000:
3152:
3138:
2150:
787:, but the institution has a long history.
42:
3171:Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain
2605:Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain
1735:, putting an end to the Second Republic.
1242:allowed them to curtail the power of the
907:in the mid-7th century placed the kings,
849:Learn how and when to remove this message
3551:, Boston, MA: Boston Book Co., pp.
3079:Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18
1944:
980:'s various kingdoms came to be known as
3708:Giménez Martínez, Miguel Ángel (2015).
3498:
3192:
2153:
1600:The dictatorship, now ruled by Admiral
3941:from the original on 11 September 2021
3911:from the original on 11 September 2021
3881:from the original on 11 September 2021
3851:from the original on 11 September 2021
3821:from the original on 11 September 2021
3791:from the original on 11 September 2021
3761:from the original on 11 September 2021
3612:(in Spanish), Alfaguara, p. 306,
3052:Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain
1750:, resulting in a bombing in May 1937.
700:The Congress of Deputies meets in the
5622:Ottoman Empire (1876–1878, 1908–1920)
4293:Natural Sites of Community Importance
3965:The Cortes of Castile-León, 1188–1350
2734:Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain
939:High Middle Ages (8th–12th centuries)
762:, the Cortes confirm and dismiss the
652:
7:
4974:Members of the 11th Cortes Generales
4969:Members of the 10th Cortes Generales
2460:Spanish prime-ministerial transition
1392:fully abolished the autonomy of the
831:adding citations to reliable sources
4964:Members of the 9th Cortes Generales
4772:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
3973:Constitución Española, Título III,
3548:The Visigothic Code (Forum Judicum)
3545:Scott, Samuel Parsons, ed. (1910),
1654:and the PSOE. A remarkable deed is
1590:Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)
1119:Habsburg rule (16th–17th centuries)
3038:Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
1793:and married women" (the so-called
1669:The elections for the second term
1500:First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)
1455:having abdicated their throne and
1408:1833 territorial division of Spain
1346:Bourbon rule (18th–19th centuries)
1254:in the 1490s but her grandson the
670:'General Courts') are the
25:
3608:García de Cortázar, J.A. (1978),
1526:, although Spain did not use the
5666:National unicameral legislatures
5280:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3109:
3028:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
2625:General Council of the Judiciary
2335:Succession to the Spanish throne
2163:
1910:
1891:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1634:, with the ex-monarchist leader
1573:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
807:
593:
563:
322:
216:
5717:National legislatures in Europe
5653:List of legislatures by country
4336:Autonomous communities of Spain
3567:The Life and Death of Democracy
3176:Bureaus of the Cortes Generales
3023:Spanish transition to democracy
2587:Bureaus of the Cortes Generales
2450:Government Delegated Committees
2227:Spanish transition to democracy
2046:Antonio José Cosculluela Bergua
1447:With both the Bourbon monarchs
1300:and then brutally suppressed.
1296:'s royalist forces at the 1521
1274:sell away all of Spain's rights
992:
818:needs additional citations for
5579:Confederate States (1862–1865)
4747:National and regional identity
3569:, London: Simon & Schuster
2975:Politics of the European Union
2039:'s Board and its Partnerships
1801:Under the Constitution of 1978
1406:was finally merged during the
177:Francesca Lluc Armengol Socias
27:Bicameral legislature of Spain
1:
3505:Article 68.1 and 69.1 of the
3075:Catalan independence movement
2722:Governor of the Bank of Spain
1699:right, dissolved Parliament.
1459:having appointed his brother
1366:War of the Spanish Succession
3085:Disputed status of Gibraltar
2323:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
2214:Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas
2086:Francesc Xavier Eritja Ciuró
2079:Study of Addictions' Issues
1317:Diputación General de Cortes
927:under the leadership of the
4767:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
2756:Administrative subdivisions
2475:Economic and Social Council
2455:Interministerial Committees
2067:Carlos Aragonés Mendiguchía
1754:Francoist Spain (1943–1977)
654:[ˈkoɾtesxeneˈɾales]
580:Plaza de la Marina Española
6148:
5584:Czechoslovakia (1920–1939)
1822:during his state visit to
1757:
1593:
1503:
1417:
1402:) throughout his kingdom.
1349:
1208:
1189: Territory under the
1180: Territory under the
1171: Territory under the
1162: Territory under the
1153: Territory under the
1144: Territory under the
1080:
957:
865:
796:
704:. The Senate meets in the
29:
5661:
5617:FR Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
5023:15th Congress of Deputies
5006:14th Congress of Deputies
4989:13th Congress of Deputies
4979:12th Congress of Deputies
4943:
4898:
4822:
4569:
4446:
4331:
4209:
3935:Congreso de los Diputados
3905:Congreso de los Diputados
3875:Congreso de los Diputados
3845:Congreso de los Diputados
3815:Congreso de los Diputados
3785:Congreso de los Diputados
3755:Congreso de los Diputados
3677:(in Spanish). 30 May 2017
2465:List of agencies in Spain
2126:
2101:
2035:Parliamentary Control of
1856:Congreso de los Diputados
1842:
1818:
1352:War of Spanish Succession
1031:Principality of Catalonia
868:Tribal council (Germanic)
783:were created by the 1978
779:
731:
722:
658:
643:
627:
601:
592:
571:
562:
321:
284:Confederal Left group (4)
253:Confederal Left group (2)
215:
154:Pedro Manuel Rollán Ojeda
99:
5602:Soviet Union (1938–1991)
5535:Northern Mariana Islands
4425:Wars and armed conflicts
4065:Ancient History Timeline
2737:Margarita Delgado Tejero
2355:Government of the Nation
1787:Organic Law of the State
1696:Generalitat de Catalunya
1546:, with the monarch as a
960:Spain in the Middle Ages
919:and formed the basis of
30:Not to be confused with
4125:Transition to democracy
4100:Reaction and revolution
3976:De las Cortes Generales
3963:O’Callaghan, Joseph F.
3181:Spanish Parliamentarism
3094:Second Spanish Republic
1646:gave a majority in the
1642:as Prime Minister. The
1544:constitutional monarchy
1534:Restoration (1874–1930)
1524:parliamentary supremacy
1384:in 1714. Following the
1290:Revolt of the Comuneros
1215:Revolt of the Comuneros
799:Spanish parliamentarism
764:Prime Minister of Spain
610:Carrera de San Jerónimo
147:President of the Senate
6127:Bicameral legislatures
6122:Parliaments by country
5765:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5112:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4950:
4715:International Interest
4523:Science and technology
4219:Autonomous communities
3975:
3090:Republicanism in Spain
2763:Autonomous communities
2728:Pablo Hernández de Cos
2679:High courts of justice
2662:Francisco Marín Castán
2592:Board of Spokespersons
2445:Government Delegations
2433:Sánchez III Government
2222:Constitutional history
1887:autonomous communities
1862:) and an upper house (
1851:
1827:
1506:First Spanish Republic
1444:
1398:
1328:Count-Duke of Olivares
1316:
1272:and then to pointedly
1206:
1194:
1101:
1096:
1078:
1073:to the 1295 Cortes of
982:
973:
955:
948:Saint Isidoro Basilica
718:autonomous communities
650:Spanish pronunciation:
520:January–September 1810
90:
82:
74:
66:
52:
6132:National legislatures
5676:National upper houses
5671:National lower houses
5574:Venezuela (1811-1999)
5285:Republic of the Congo
5018:15th Cortes Generales
5001:14th Cortes Generales
4984:13th Cortes Generales
4949:
4752:National Day of Spain
3738:Giménez Martínez 2015
3696:Giménez Martínez 2015
3533:Constitution of Spain
3520:Constitution of Spain
3507:Constitution of Spain
2709:European Central Bank
2502:15th Cortes Generales
2383:Deputy Prime Minister
2205:Cándido Conde-Pumpido
1997:Susana Sumelzo Jordán
1876:three-fifths majority
1833:
1808:
1613:presidential republic
1439:
1418:Further information:
1350:Further information:
1209:Further information:
1200:
1182:Council of the Indies
1126:
1081:Further information:
1067:Queen Maria de Molina
1065:
958:Further information:
946:
866:Further information:
797:Further information:
785:Constitution of Spain
772:vote of no confidence
702:Palacio de las Cortes
607:Palacio de las Cortes
272:Republican group (11)
185:since 17 August 2023
162:since 17 August 2023
101:15th Cortes Generales
59:Co-official languages
5028:15th Senate of Spain
5011:14th Senate of Spain
4994:13th Senate of Spain
4901:Congress of Deputies
4356:Constitutional Court
3565:Keane, John (2009),
3531:Article 69.3 of the
2689:Prosecution Ministry
2582:Permanent Deputation
2577:Parliamentary groups
2545:Congress of Deputies
2427:Council of Ministers
2194:Constitutional Court
2019:Vicente Tirado Ochoa
1974:Santos Cerdán León (
1860:congress of deputies
1636:Niceto Alcalá Zamora
1542:. It was formally a
1516:Congress of Deputies
1477:Constitution of 1812
1463:as the new king, a "
1390:Nueva Planta Decrees
1252:Christopher Columbus
1022:parliamentary bodies
827:improve this article
760:parliamentary system
683:Congress of Deputies
681:, consisting of the
675:legislative chambers
603:Congress of Deputies
545:Congress of Deputies
513:Congress of Deputies
333:Congress of Deputies
134:Congress of Deputies
6117:Government of Spain
6003:States with limited
5592:Estonia (1938–1940)
5475:Trinidad and Tobago
5215:Antigua and Barbuda
4299:Plazas de soberanía
2958:Diplomatic missions
2806:Plazas de soberanía
2743:Royal Mint of Spain
2394:María Jesús Montero
2009:Relations with the
1965:Relations with the
1811:President of Israel
1748:Nationalist faction
1710:, the right-winged
1596:Cortes republicanas
1540:Bourbon Restoration
1469:government-in-exile
1227:Beginning with the
1205:in the 15th century
1191:Council of Flanders
1164:Council of Portugal
1113:statute of autonomy
1047:Kingdom of Valencia
1035:Kingdom of Portugal
952:1188 Cortes of León
729:The members of the
5597:Serbia (1901–1903)
5295:Dominican Republic
4951:
4528:Telecommunications
4229:Biosphere Reserves
4130:Contemporary Spain
4120:Spain under Franco
4060:Prehistoric Iberia
3610:Historia de España
3518:Article 66 of the
3214:Pacte Progressista
3033:Anarchism in Spain
2673:Audiencia Nacional
2597:People's Defender
2257:Capital punishment
1852:
1828:
1746:in service of the
1740:Valencia City Hall
1656:universal suffrage
1528:Westminster system
1457:Napoleon Bonaparte
1445:
1324:sovereign defaults
1298:Battle of Villalar
1266:Ferdinand Magellan
1207:
1195:
1146:Council of Castile
1079:
1051:Kingdom of Navarre
1039:Kingdom of Castile
956:
890:Visigothic Kingdom
876:Councils of Toledo
862:Visigothic Kingdom
706:Palacio del Senado
660:Spanish Parliament
577:Palacio del Senado
6099:
6098:
5684:
5683:
5607:Texas (1836–1845)
5512:other territories
5300:Equatorial Guinea
5038:
5037:
4858:
4857:
4818:
4817:
4742:Myths and legends
4710:National Interest
4556:
4555:
4508:Largest companies
4433:
4432:
4420:Political parties
4388:Foreign relations
4318:
4317:
4266:Iberian Peninsula
4214:Autonomous cities
4196:
4195:
3698:, pp. 71–72.
3636:La época medieval
3582:Haliczer, Stephen
3162:
3161:
3043:Spanish Civil War
2996:Political parties
2953:Foreign relations
2946:Foreign relations
2831:Recent elections
2827:Political parties
2785:Autonomous cities
2684:Court of Auditors
2568:Francina Armengol
2262:Life imprisonment
2156:Politics of Spain
2144:
2143:
2059:National Security
1967:Court of Auditors
1943:
1942:
1872:absolute majority
1835:Russian President
1744:Italian Air Force
1733:Spanish Civil War
1671:were held in 1933
1565:Soviet revolution
1557:El Turno Pacífico
1493:a French invasion
1229:Catholic Monarchs
1201:A meeting of the
1155:Council of Aragon
1069:presents her son
1043:Kingdom of Aragon
998:Valencian Spanish
988:Castilian Spanish
978:Iberian peninsula
859:
858:
851:
669:
638:
637:
367:Supported by (32)
264:Supported by (20)
16:(Redirected from
6139:
6112:Cortes Generales
6041:Dependencies and
5977:Northern Ireland
5723:Sovereign states
5711:
5704:
5697:
5688:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5042:
4892:Cortes Generales
4885:
4878:
4871:
4862:
4838:
4831:
4567:
4498:Financial crisis
4488:Economic history
4444:
4361:Cortes Generales
4329:
4271:Peninsular Spain
4207:
4158:Pre-Roman Iberia
4153:General overview
4048:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3993:Official website
3978:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3897:
3891:
3890:
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3807:
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3768:
3766:
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3714:
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3699:
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3682:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3542:
3536:
3529:
3523:
3516:
3510:
3503:
3487:
3484:
3478:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3398:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3212:
3203:
3197:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3118:
3116:Spain portal
3114:
3113:
3112:
2600:
2554:
2521:
2505:
2495:Cortes Generales
2470:Council of State
2312:Heir presumptive
2167:
2151:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1922:factual accuracy
1914:
1913:
1906:
1902:Joint Committees
1845:
1844:
1843:Cortes Generales
1826:in November 2017
1821:
1820:
1819:Cortes Generales
1765:Francisco Franco
1760:Cortes Españolas
1720:
1660:Indalecio Prieto
1520:federal republic
1485:Rafael del Riego
1484:
1440:Jurement of the
1424:Napoleonic Spain
1401:
1386:Peace of Utrecht
1382:Balearic Islands
1377:
1335:
1188:
1179:
1173:Council of Italy
1170:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1136:
1106:
995:
985:
884:organized under
854:
847:
843:
840:
834:
811:
803:
782:
781:
780:Cortes Generales
734:
733:
732:Cortes Generales
725:
724:
723:Cortes Generales
667:
664:
662:
656:
651:
646:
645:
644:Cortes Generales
634:
631:
597:
567:
478:
469:
460:
437:
428:
419:
410:
401:
392:
383:
374:
358:
349:
335:political groups
326:
314:
309:Plural group (6)
308:
299:
283:
278:Basque group (5)
277:
271:
259:Basque group (1)
258:
252:
243:
229:political groups
220:
55:
53:Cortes Generales
43:
32:Cortes Españolas
21:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6079:
6042:
6036:
6022:Northern Cyprus
6004:
5998:
5897:North Macedonia
5718:
5715:
5685:
5680:
5657:
5648:Multicameralism
5626:
5562:
5544:
5511:
5504:
5196:
5078:
5069:
5039:
5034:
4952:
4941:
4907:
4905:Senate of Spain
4894:
4889:
4859:
4854:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4814:
4809:Toro de Osborne
4776:
4757:Public holidays
4668:
4629:Life expectancy
4552:
4518:Property bubble
4429:
4314:
4192:
4188:Spanish miracle
4141:
4115:Second Republic
4037:
4028:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3959:
3957:Further reading
3954:
3944:
3942:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3694:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3647:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3530:
3526:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3396:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3368:
3359:
3350:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3257:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3210:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3158:
3129:
3125:Other countries
3110:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3099:
3071:
3019:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2910:
2883:
2858:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2704:
2694:
2693:
2629:
2628:
2620:
2610:
2609:
2598:
2548:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2480:
2479:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2340:
2339:
2288:
2287:
2284:Royal Household
2279:
2269:
2268:
2211:Vice President
2181:
2158:
2149:
2135:Aina Vidal Sáez
1939:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1919:This section's
1915:
1911:
1904:
1850:on 3 March 2009
1838:Dmitry Medvedev
1803:
1795:tercio familiar
1769:during his rule
1762:
1756:
1714:
1598:
1592:
1583:regenerationist
1569:Communist Party
1563:Soon after the
1536:
1508:
1502:
1489:Trienio Liberal
1482:
1465:Cortes of Cádiz
1442:Cortes of Cádiz
1434:
1432:Trienio Liberal
1428:Cortes of Cádiz
1416:
1394:Crown of Aragon
1375:
1362:
1360:Bourbon Reforms
1348:
1333:
1270:1519 expedition
1225:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1121:
1085:
1060:
962:
941:
896:compiled under
894:Visigothic Code
882:tribal councils
878:
872:Visigothic Code
864:
855:
844:
838:
835:
824:
812:
801:
795:
739:of Spain, plus
737:fifty provinces
649:
630:cortesgenerales
628:
611:
609:
605:
581:
579:
575:
548:
532:
516:
500:
476:
467:
458:
435:
426:
417:
408:
399:
390:
381:
372:
356:
347:
336:
315:Mixed group (4)
312:
306:
297:
281:
275:
269:
256:
250:
241:
230:
207:
202:
186:
184:
172:
163:
161:
149:
132:
121:
120:
95:
94:
93:
85:
77:
69:
60:
56:
49:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6145:
6143:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6104:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6091:European Union
6087:
6085:
6084:Other entities
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
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6043:other entities
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4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4481:median income
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4351:Head of State
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Enlightenment
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4002:
3994:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3740:, p. 75.
3739:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3689:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3646:84-206-2040-8
3642:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3595:0-299-08500-7
3591:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3568:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3483:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:Referendums:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:Bank of Spain
2710:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:Supreme Court
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:15th Congress
2547:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2414:Teresa Ribera
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:Pedro Sánchez
2373:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2140:2020–present
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:2020–present
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2072:2020–present
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2051:2020–present
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:2020–present
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:2020–present
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:2020–present
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1937:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1815:
1814:Reuven Rivlin
1812:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1773:Allied Powers
1770:
1766:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1708:Popular Front
1705:
1704:next election
1700:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1664:José Sanjurjo
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:Head of State
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:Aznar-Cabañas
1597:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:Ferdinand VII
1450:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1356:Bourbon Spain
1353:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1278:Spice Islands
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1130:
1129:Iberian Union
1125:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1049:in 1283, and
1048:
1045:in 1274, the
1044:
1041:in 1250, the
1040:
1037:in 1211, the
1036:
1033:in 1192, the
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
961:
953:
949:
945:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
877:
873:
869:
861:
853:
850:
842:
839:December 2020
832:
828:
822:
821:
816:This section
814:
810:
805:
804:
800:
792:
790:
788:
786:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
727:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
673:
661:
655:
647:
633:
626:
621:
618:
614:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
588:
584:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
558:Meeting place
556:
553:
550:
546:
540:
537:
534:
530:
524:
521:
518:
514:
508:
505:
502:
498:
492:
487:
481:
475:
472:
466:
463:
457:
456:
455:
454:
452:
444:
440:
434:
431:
425:
422:
416:
413:
407:
404:
398:
395:
389:
386:
380:
377:
371:
370:
369:
368:
361:
355:
352:
346:
345:
344:
342:
338:
334:
329:
325:
320:
311:
305:
302:
296:
295:
294:
293:
291:
280:
274:
268:
267:
266:
265:
255:
249:
246:
240:
239:
238:
236:
232:
228:
223:
219:
214:
211:
206:
201:
198:
194:
189:
182:
178:
174:
171:
166:
159:
155:
151:
148:
143:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
119:
114:
110:
105:
102:
98:
92:
88:
84:
83:Cortes Xerais
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
54:
44:
41:
37:
36:Cortes Gerais
33:
19:
6032:Transnistria
5994:Vatican City
5946:
5480:Turkmenistan
5459:
5455:South Africa
5076:legislatures
4891:
4808:
4795:Coat of arms
4692:Bullfighting
4682:Architecture
4649:Prostitution
4609:Homelessness
4584:Demographics
4538:Trade unions
4476:unemployment
4461:Car industry
4393:Human rights
4360:
4341:Constitution
4297:
4243:
4223:ranked lists
4135:1975–present
3964:
3945:11 September
3943:. Retrieved
3934:
3925:
3915:11 September
3913:. Retrieved
3904:
3895:
3885:11 September
3883:. Retrieved
3874:
3865:
3855:11 September
3853:. Retrieved
3844:
3835:
3825:11 September
3823:. Retrieved
3814:
3805:
3795:11 September
3793:. Retrieved
3784:
3775:
3765:11 September
3763:. Retrieved
3754:
3745:
3733:
3716:
3703:
3691:
3679:. Retrieved
3672:
3663:
3635:
3628:
3609:
3603:
3585:
3576:
3566:
3560:
3547:
3540:
3535: (1978)
3527:
3522: (1978)
3514:
3509: (1978)
3501:
3482:
3409:
3381:
3335:
3289:
3270:
3242:
3223:
3195:
3050:
2904:
2852:
2837:
2804:
2768:Legislatures
2720:
2707:
2671:
2632:
2623:
2543:
2535:Pedro Rollán
2510:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2425:
2404:Yolanda Díaz
2381:
2362:
2353:
2330:Royal family
2310:
2291:
2282:
2232:Human rights
2192:
2187:Constitution
2185:
2179:Constitution
2103:
1931:
1920:
1884:
1880:
1867:
1859:
1853:
1794:
1791:family heads
1782:
1778:procuradores
1776:
1763:
1737:
1728:Manuel Azaña
1723:
1701:
1668:
1640:Manuel Azaña
1632:Constitution
1629:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1582:
1576:
1562:
1555:
1537:
1509:
1446:
1363:
1321:
1302:
1226:
1223:Siglo de Oro
1086:
1071:Ferdinand IV
1016:convened by
1006:feudal lords
963:
950:, where the
901:Chindasuinth
886:Germanic law
879:
845:
836:
825:Please help
820:verification
817:
789:
776:
757:
728:
699:
659:
641:
639:
602:
572:
552:23 July 2023
536:23 July 2023
504:15 June 1977
449:
448:
366:
365:
339:
288:
287:
263:
262:
233:
199:
40:
6070:Isle of Man
6005:recognition
5957:Switzerland
5892:Netherlands
5587:(1969–1992)
5540:Puerto Rico
5530:Isle of Man
5445:Saint Lucia
5425:Philippines
5405:Netherlands
5345:Ivory Coast
5187:Switzerland
5177:South Sudan
4614:Immigration
4604:Health care
4466:Communities
4451:Agriculture
4251:Earthquakes
4110:Restoration
4080:Reconquista
2773:Governments
2599:(ombudsman)
2518:15th Senate
2488:Legislature
2293:The Monarch
2252:Nationality
1715: [
1548:rubberstamp
1388:, the 1716
1364:During the
1127:Map of the
1089:Reconquista
1087:During the
1083:Reconquista
1010:1188 Cortes
974:curia regis
921:Spanish law
905:Recceswinth
777:The modern
695:upper house
687:lower house
657:; English:
439:Independent
6106:Categories
5927:San Marino
5887:Montenegro
5867:Luxembourg
5847:Kazakhstan
5750:Azerbaijan
5567:Historical
5558:Somaliland
5495:Uzbekistan
5465:Tajikistan
5385:Madagascar
5365:Kazakhstan
4732:Mass media
4727:Literature
4619:Irreligion
4599:Euthanasia
4589:Disability
4371:Government
4346:Corruption
4168:Golden Age
3719:(27): 73.
3681:12 October
3619:8420620408
3494:References
2847:2019 (Nov)
2842:2019 (Apr)
2778:Presidents
2440:Ministries
1948:Committee
1783:procurador
1781:(singular
1677:) and the
1617:unicameral
1606:caciquismo
1578:caciquismo
1571:(PCE) and
1449:Charles IV
1075:Valladolid
1018:Alfonso IX
929:archbishop
925:the clergy
917:single law
768:government
766:and their
689:) and the
451:Opposition
341:Government
290:Opposition
235:Government
140:Leadership
6060:Gibraltar
5862:Lithuania
5330:Indonesia
5097:Australia
5092:Argentina
5073:bicameral
5071:National
4722:Languages
4624:Languages
4594:Education
4543:Transport
4383:Elections
4366:Judiciary
4305:Provinces
4202:Geography
4183:Civil War
4090:Expansion
3725:0214-4212
3455:Compromís
3299:Compromís
2820:Elections
2790:Provinces
2640:President
2618:Judiciary
2348:Executive
2304:Felipe VI
2277:The Crown
2200:President
2011:Ombudsman
1954:Chair(s)
1687:Straperlo
1615:, with a
1309:Philip II
1294:Constable
1282:Indonesia
1262:Charles V
1236:Ferdinand
1097:burguesía
976:) of the
909:Visigoths
672:bicameral
489:Elections
191:Structure
118:Bicameral
6065:Guernsey
6012:Abkhazia
5982:Scotland
5942:Slovenia
5937:Slovakia
5912:Portugal
5770:Bulgaria
5500:Zimbabwe
5470:Thailand
5450:Slovenia
5420:Paraguay
5305:Eswatini
5275:Colombia
5265:Cameroon
5260:Cambodia
5230:Barbados
5162:Pakistan
5142:Malaysia
5132:Ethiopia
4957:Sessions
4845:Category
4706:Fiestas
4654:Religion
4639:Pensions
4634:Naturism
4574:Abortion
4513:Taxation
4503:Forestry
4415:Monarchy
4410:Military
4403:Intersex
4324:Politics
4310:Wildlife
4245:Comarcas
4178:Military
4173:Economic
4146:By topic
4052:Timeline
4035:articles
3939:Archived
3909:Archived
3879:Archived
3849:Archived
3819:Archived
3789:Archived
3759:Archived
3584:(1981),
3261:EH Bildu
3067:Galician
2968:in Spain
2963:of Spain
2890:European
2865:Regional
2795:Comarcas
2664:(acting)
2247:Abortion
2237:Taxation
2147:See also
2042:senator
1934:May 2024
1689:and the
1681:(CEDA) (
1644:election
1342:regent.
1256:Habsburg
1244:grandees
1232:Isabella
1004:and the
954:was held
915:under a
753:Balearic
714:suffrage
547:election
531:election
515:election
499:election
394:EH Bildu
210:deputies
205:senators
79:Galician
5967:Ukraine
5917:Romania
5877:Moldova
5835:Ireland
5830:Iceland
5825:Hungary
5815:Germany
5810:Georgia
5800:Finland
5795:Estonia
5790:Denmark
5775:Croatia
5760:Belgium
5755:Belarus
5745:Austria
5740:Armenia
5735:Andorra
5730:Albania
5631:Related
5525:Bermuda
5490:Uruguay
5435:Romania
5400:Namibia
5395:Myanmar
5390:Morocco
5380:Liberia
5375:Lesotho
5350:Jamaica
5335:Ireland
5320:Grenada
5255:Burundi
5250:Bolivia
5235:Belarus
5225:Bahrain
5220:Bahamas
5210:Algeria
5202:Unitary
5172:Somalia
5157:Nigeria
5107:Belgium
5102:Austria
5084:Federal
4829:Outline
4782:Symbols
4702:Cuisine
4674:Culture
4562:Society
4533:Tourism
4439:Economy
4278:Islands
4261:Forests
4239:Climate
4234:Borders
4043:History
3674:El País
3655:3315063
3428:CatComú
3062:Catalan
3010:Podemos
2838:General
2558:Speaker
2525:Speaker
2131:deputy
2111:deputy
2082:deputy
2063:deputy
2048:(PSOE)
2015:deputy
1999:(PSOE)
1993:deputy
1971:deputy
1951:Office
1691:Nombela
1404:Navarre
1370:Bourbon
1340:Mariana
1332:Charles
1313:Spanish
1286:Malukus
1276:to the
1259:emperor
1248:voyages
1109:Navarre
1093:Spanish
888:in the
793:History
745:Melilla
668:
623:Website
412:Podemos
403:EAJ/PNV
87:Occitan
71:Catalan
6075:Jersey
6017:Kosovo
5962:Turkey
5952:Sweden
5932:Serbia
5922:Russia
5907:Poland
5902:Norway
5882:Monaco
5852:Latvia
5820:Greece
5805:France
5780:Cyprus
5440:Rwanda
5430:Poland
5360:Jordan
5310:France
5245:Bhutan
5240:Belize
5167:Russia
5147:Mexico
5122:Canada
5117:Brazil
4850:Portal
4790:Anthem
4697:Cinema
4644:People
4493:Energy
4033:
3979:, 1978
3967:, 1989
3723:
3653:
3643:
3616:
3592:
3553:ix–xxi
3470:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3397:
3388:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3277:
3258:
3249:
3230:
3211:
3202:
3057:Basque
2512:Senate
2408:second
2137:(ECP)
1868:senate
1864:Senado
1848:Madrid
1824:Madrid
1675:center
1648:Cortes
1552:Senate
1512:Senate
1483:
1461:Joseph
1430:, and
1399:fueros
1376:
1374:Philip
1368:, the
1358:, and
1334:
1305:Aragon
1221:, and
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1135:
1133:Philip
1131:under
1103:fueros
1002:nobles
983:cortes
933:Toledo
911:, and
874:, and
749:Canary
720:. The
710:Madrid
691:Senate
617:Madrid
613:Centro
587:Madrid
583:Centro
573:Senate
529:Senate
511:First
497:Senate
495:First
477:
468:
459:
436:
427:
418:
409:
400:
391:
382:
373:
357:
348:
313:
307:
298:
282:
276:
270:
257:
251:
242:
227:Senate
179: (
156: (
130:Senate
126:Houses
63:Basque
6050:Åland
5987:Wales
5947:Spain
5872:Malta
5842:Italy
5460:Spain
5415:Palau
5370:Kenya
5355:Japan
5340:Italy
5325:Haiti
5315:Gabon
5270:Chile
5182:Sudan
5152:Nepal
5137:India
5127:Egypt
4912:Lists
4836:Index
4762:Sport
4737:Music
4664:Women
4579:Crime
4456:Banks
4085:Union
4031:Spain
3713:(PDF)
3345:Junts
3187:Notes
2418:third
2398:first
2124:2020
2069:(PP)
1960:Refs
1957:Term
1719:]
1683:right
1652:party
1473:Cádiz
1372:king
1280:(now
993:corts
990:) or
970:Latin
898:kings
758:As a
741:Ceuta
693:(the
685:(the
679:Spain
543:Last
527:Last
464:(137)
453:(171)
385:Junts
360:Sumar
353:(120)
343:(147)
303:(143)
292:(153)
196:Seats
5410:Oman
4903:and
4803:Flag
4659:Time
4548:Wine
4398:LGBT
3947:2021
3917:2021
3887:2021
3857:2021
3827:2021
3797:2019
3767:2021
3721:ISSN
3683:2022
3651:OCLC
3641:ISBN
3614:ISBN
3590:ISBN
3421:(10)
3317:GBai
3233:PSOE
3205:PSOE
3005:PSOE
2930:2005
2925:1986
2920:1978
2905:2024
2899:2019
2894:2014
2879:2023
2874:2019
2869:2015
2853:2023
2702:Euro
2644:list
2562:list
2529:list
2388:list
2369:list
2317:list
2298:list
2105:SDGs
2037:RTVE
1976:PSOE
1809:The
1724:they
1702:The
1481:Col.
1451:and
1234:and
1014:León
964:The
903:and
880:The
751:and
743:and
666:lit.
640:The
473:(33)
362:(27)
351:PSOE
247:(88)
245:PSOE
237:(91)
208:350
203:265
181:PSOE
112:Type
107:Type
4687:Art
4471:GDP
3475:(1)
3473:Més
3466:(1)
3464:CHA
3457:(2)
3448:(2)
3439:(5)
3430:(6)
3419:SMR
3402:(1)
3400:UPN
3393:(3)
3391:Vox
3374:(1)
3372:AHI
3365:(1)
3363:BNG
3356:(1)
3347:(3)
3328:(1)
3326:ASG
3319:(1)
3310:(1)
3301:(1)
3282:(5)
3280:PNV
3263:(5)
3254:(6)
3252:ERC
3235:(1)
3216:(1)
3207:(1)
3015:C's
2242:Law
2119:ECP
2090:ERC
1878:).
1874:or
1846:in
1284:'s
1268:'s
1250:of
1024:in
1012:of
931:of
829:by
697:).
677:of
632:.es
482:(1)
480:UPN
471:Vox
432:(1)
430:BNG
423:(1)
421:CCa
414:(4)
405:(5)
396:(6)
387:(7)
378:(7)
376:ERC
200:615
34:or
6108::
3937:.
3933:.
3907:.
3903:.
3877:.
3873:.
3847:.
3843:.
3817:.
3813:.
3787:.
3783:.
3757:.
3753:.
3715:.
3649:.
3446:MM
3437:IU
3354:CC
3308:MM
3055::
3000:PP
2998::
2892::
2867::
2840::
2646:)
2564:)
2531:)
2390:)
2371:)
2319:)
2300:)
2121:)
2092:)
2025:)
2023:PP
1978:)
1866:,
1858:,
1717:es
1426:,
1422:,
1410:.
1354:,
1336:II
1315::
1217:,
1213:,
1137:II
1095::
972::
870:,
663:,
615:,
585:,
462:PP
301:PP
183:)
160:)
158:PP
89::
81::
73::
65::
5710:e
5703:t
5696:v
5064:e
5057:t
5050:v
4884:e
4877:t
4870:v
4225:)
4221:(
4023:e
4016:t
4009:v
3969:.
3949:.
3919:.
3889:.
3859:.
3829:.
3799:.
3769:.
3727:.
3685:.
3657:.
3623:.
3571:.
3153:e
3146:t
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3096:)
3092:(
3081:)
3077:(
2642:(
2560:(
2553:)
2549:(
2527:(
2520:)
2516:(
2504:)
2500:(
2420:)
2416:(
2410:)
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2396:(
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2107:)
2088:(
2021:(
1936:)
1932:(
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1077:.
996:(
986:(
968:(
852:)
846:(
841:)
837:(
823:.
648:(
445:)
443:1
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20:)
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