550:, one at day and other at night. At the daylight trial the submarine was unable to attack the cruiser, as the optical turret was spotted less than 1,000 yards (910 m) away from the cruiser, which had 200 civilian and military guests who obviously expected to see the submarine, a fact that angered Isaac Peral. The simulated night attack was successful. The staff that evaluated the trials of the submarine submitted a report, considering its speed and range insufficient, and being especially critical about the failure of the submarine during the daylight attack and its electric motors. However, overall the report was positive, and a second submarine was ordered, again under the direction of Isaac Peral but also managed by several naval departments. Peral designed a 30-meter submarine of 130 tons, under the condition of choosing the yard where the submarine would be built and the choosing the team to build it. These conditions were not accepted by the authorities, who considered this a refusal by Peral to build the submarine. Finally they ordered Peral to return the submarine to the La Carraca yard where it was built. On 11 November 1890 a decree set the end of the projects of underwater navigation in the Spanish Navy.
336:
510:
382:
422:
45:
566:
478:
10.9 kn (20.2 km/h; 12.5 mph). The range of the boat again depended on battery charge level; Peral calculated his original submarine could reach 132 nmi (152 mi; 244 km) at a speed of 6 kn (11 km/h; 6.9 mph). With no means of charging batteries while underway, such as an internal combustion engine, endurance and range were limited.
1188:
293:) and an air regeneration system. Her hull shape, propeller, periscope, torpedo launcher and cruciform external controls anticipated later designs. Her underwater speed was 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph). With fully charged batteries, she was the fastest submarine yet built, with underwater performance levels (except for range) that matched those of
398:
there was a tube to re-oxygenate the air supply to the crew through a 4 mm (0.16 in) waterproof cloak and three water buckets to maintain the moisture. Six people locked themselves inside the room; one had to leave an hour and quarter later, but the rest remained for a total of five hours, and the test was considered a total success.
24:
536:
s trials started, consisting of handling and surface navigation. On 7 August that year, the submarine submerged for the first time up to the turret; 18 days later fired the first trial torpedo (without warhead); on 5 December submerged to 7.5 m; on 25 December passed the first non-static dive test,
397:
The first study consisted of human breath test in an enclosure for several hours. A room of 58 m (620 sq ft) square meters was used, with an air storage cell, loaded to 79 atmospheres and a storage capacity of 0.5 m. In addition to instruments to measure the temperature and moisture,
316:
lacked a means of charging batteries while underway, such as an internal combustion engine, thus had a very limited endurance and range. In June 1890, Peral's submarine launched a torpedo while submerged. It was also the first submarine to incorporate a fully reliable underwater navigation system.
465:
The submarine dived by means of the "depth's device" which drove two shafts of vertical axes located at both ends of the hull, moved by two 4 hp (3 kW) electrical motors to submerge or surface, and to maintain horizontal stability submerged. The ballast tanks had a storage capacity of 8
488:
The submarine was single-hulled, and the ballast tanks were located at the bottom of the hull, underneath the torpedo tube. This single torpedo tube was the only weapon in the submarine, with two watertight doors on each end so the submarine could launch a torpedo submerged. Mechanisms used for
477:
The top speed varied with the charge of the batteries. With one-quarter charge, the submarine was able to reach 4.7 kn (8.7 km/h; 5.4 mph), one-half 6.9 kn (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph), three-quarters 8.9 kn (16.5 km/h; 10.2 mph), knots, completely charged
473:
The engine-cooling system consisted of forcing compressed air stored in the submarine over the engines, and though the original project had needed 430 accumulators, the final project installed 613 with a weight of 50 kg (110 lb). The total weight of the batteries was around 30 tons.
365:
After several studies and experiments, and having gained support from his superiors and fellow officers, Peral exposed his idea to the
Spanish navy staff. He wrote a letter to the Spanish naval minister, Vice Admiral Pezuela y Lobo, in September, 1885. Pezuela called Peral to
412:
On 5 March 1887, Peral communicated that the electric motor or "depth's device", as he called it, was ready. On 17 March, the
Commander in Chief of Cadiz, Florencio Montojo, who headed the technical committee overseeing the machine, requested budgeting for Peral's submarine.
307:, a pre-war German U-boat built in 1908, had an underwater speed of 8.1 knots (15.0 km/h; 9.3 mph), and an underwater range of 150 km (81 nmi) at 5.8 knots (10.7 km/h; 6.7 mph), before having to resurface to recharge her batteries.
433:
on 7 October, although work did not start until two weeks later. Nevertheless, the submarine had already undergone a number of modifications: Peral's original 1885 model conceived of a 61-ton submarine, 18.8 m (62 ft) long, with a
438:
of 2.52 m (8.3 ft) and a single 40 shp (30 kW) electric motor for a single shaft. The submarine Peral began in 1887 had a length of more than 22 m (72 ft), a beam of 2.87 m (9.4 ft), a
466:
tons, and were used to stabilize the submarine. In order to navigate, Peral used a bronze magnetic needle installed in the ceiling of the turret. The design avoided any electrical interference. He also devised a
862:
409:
necessary before undertaking the construction of the hull and the electric engine. He authorized Peral to carry out all the modifications that he thought worthwhile, granting him 25,000 pesetas.
489:
reloading were simple and fast, and the submarine had three reserves. This was almost identical to the torpedo launchers used in submarines since then. In order to avoid expenses, the torpedoes
1290:
317:
However, conservatives in the
Spanish naval hierarchy terminated the project despite two years of successful tests. Her operational abilities have led some to call her the first U-boat.
1283:
4732:
866:
545:
1250:
4580:
581:
was withdrawn from service, equipment removed, and the hull stored at La
Carraca Arsenal. In 1913 her demolition was ordered but this was not carried out.
1276:
4540:
3454:
3382:
3622:
454:
Air regeneration in the interior of the submarine was accomplished by an auxiliary 6 hp (4 kW) engine, which passed the air through a
627:
1139:
1072:
1019:
745:
1345:
462:
exhaled by the crew. In addition, the pump injected oxygen when needed. The same engine which circulated air also drove the bailing pump.
735:
537:
sailing at a steady depth of 9.5 meters; and, in 1890 sailed underwater for one hour, reaching a maximum depth of 30 meters in trials.
957:
938:
632:
1165:
1118:
1042:
919:
900:
1192:
485:
was an underwater lamp, which enabled the crew to search the sea bottom. The searchlight had a range of 150 m (490 ft).
4747:
3849:
2697:
4757:
4001:
3398:
1337:
1299:
1091:
987:
4762:
4345:
3905:
3630:
3502:
3366:
553:
Similar figures of performance were only attained about a decade later in other countries. The speed and endurance of the
4742:
4492:
3873:
3318:
3037:
350:
was first conceived on 20 September 1884, when
Lieutenant Isaac Peral y Caballero wrote a paper which would become his
4737:
4273:
3969:
3486:
3064:
1739:
1649:
405:(Naval Technical Center), under the responsibility of Admiral Antequera. He considered a more complete study of the
370:
to have a personal interview with him. After the interview
Pezuela agreed to finance Peral's preliminary studies in
4708:
4217:
4081:
3646:
3302:
3113:
2705:
2681:
2059:
470:, a fixed tube on the turret; by using a series of prisms, it projected the outside world to within the submarine.
4556:
4404:
4313:
4209:
4137:
4009:
3993:
3745:
3278:
3134:
2211:
1804:
1625:
1242:
1200:
429:
On 25 April 1887, the submarine's construction was finally approved by the government; the keel was laid down on
401:
On 21 July 1886, the new Navy
Minister, rear-admiral Beranger, decided that the project would be reviewed by the
585:
4025:
2904:
2156:
2075:
1947:
1891:
1795:
1731:
1616:
2823:
2372:
4548:
4508:
4337:
3897:
3710:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3406:
3198:
3080:
2601:
2569:
2340:
1931:
1664:
1641:
1425:
4233:
3865:
3801:
3056:
2777:
2380:
2316:
1707:
1608:
610:
570:
390:
324:
1053:
931:
Pedro
Fernandez de Quiros et le Vanuatu decouverte: mutuelle et historiographie d'un acte fondateur, 1606
4668:
4572:
4169:
3761:
3558:
3446:
3414:
3342:
3222:
2872:
2625:
2273:
2249:
1987:
1505:
1401:
622:
595:
In 1965 the authorities of
Cartagena succeeded in moving the hull to the Plaza de los Héroes de Cavite.
525:
was launched on 8 September 1888, sixteen days before another pioneering electric submarine, the French
430:
275:
237:
75:
4242:
1963:
4692:
4684:
4524:
4413:
4265:
4073:
4057:
3857:
3518:
3422:
2973:
2949:
2895:
2522:
2450:
2348:
2123:
1915:
1867:
1811:
1771:
662:
4752:
4700:
4388:
4365:
3841:
3566:
3494:
3166:
2753:
2219:
2011:
1924:
1859:
1672:
1465:
448:
4177:
1221:
841:
4484:
4452:
4396:
4129:
3985:
3550:
3230:
3206:
3190:
2761:
2722:
2713:
2563:
2506:
2418:
2324:
2083:
1843:
1747:
1723:
1699:
1433:
3638:
335:
2887:
588:, first commander of the Spanish submarine forces, managed to reclaim the hull and towed it to
4621:
4444:
4421:
4372:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4145:
4017:
3881:
3574:
3535:
3262:
3246:
3088:
2690:
2641:
2514:
2490:
2389:
2257:
2179:
1900:
1883:
1875:
1593:
1161:
1135:
1129:
1114:
1087:
1068:
1038:
1015:
983:
953:
934:
915:
896:
741:
599:
514:
4604:
4564:
3793:
3686:
3606:
3310:
3105:
2863:
2856:
2839:
2674:
2538:
2474:
2442:
2434:
2107:
2019:
1755:
1680:
1489:
1441:
1417:
589:
455:
259:
4660:
4636:
3962:
3946:
3913:
3718:
3662:
3654:
3614:
3510:
3478:
3335:
3005:
2917:
2793:
2546:
2410:
2332:
2281:
2067:
1715:
1632:
1553:
1409:
1393:
509:
443:
of 2.76 m (9.1 ft), two 30 shp (22 kW) electric motors geared to twin
435:
381:
3470:
421:
4652:
4644:
4428:
4161:
3929:
3921:
3809:
3726:
3462:
3390:
3358:
3286:
3214:
2831:
2593:
2426:
2402:
2163:
2003:
1268:
375:
1031:
4726:
4532:
4468:
4381:
4289:
4121:
4105:
4041:
4033:
3977:
3953:
3670:
3430:
3374:
3182:
3159:
3150:
3021:
2300:
2241:
2195:
2187:
2172:
2147:
2043:
1561:
1473:
1457:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1361:
642:
4676:
4612:
4460:
4250:
4113:
3889:
3695:
3096:
2801:
2466:
1995:
1939:
1835:
1764:
1577:
1545:
1529:
1521:
1449:
1329:
440:
359:
286:
271:
233:
3126:
637:
557:
attained World War I standards (in terms of underwater, battery-powered sailing).
4628:
4597:
4516:
4329:
4258:
4089:
4049:
3937:
3833:
3678:
3295:
3271:
3238:
2998:
2989:
2933:
2785:
2649:
2618:
2585:
2530:
2498:
2364:
2140:
2035:
1971:
1955:
1780:
1656:
1600:
1497:
1321:
294:
267:
114:
71:
300:
for a very short period, before her batteries began to drain. For example, the
262:
and the first fully military-capable submarine in history. It was built by the
4305:
4297:
4225:
4153:
4097:
3817:
3777:
3770:
3526:
3030:
2981:
2941:
2879:
2769:
2666:
2458:
2309:
2227:
2100:
2051:
2027:
1827:
1820:
1569:
1512:
1481:
1353:
565:
4476:
3825:
3350:
3013:
2925:
2633:
2357:
2266:
1979:
1907:
1851:
1788:
1584:
1537:
467:
444:
255:
130:
4066:
1187:
4588:
4436:
4321:
3785:
3753:
3142:
2965:
2730:
2577:
2554:
2131:
406:
371:
279:
79:
4500:
4281:
3702:
3438:
3327:
2958:
2847:
2746:
2658:
2609:
2483:
2115:
2092:
526:
290:
240:
910:
Ayala
Carcedo, Francisco Javier; Aláez Zazuerca, José Antonio (2001).
493:
launched during the trials were borrowed from torpedo boats, two from
23:
3542:
3174:
3073:
2815:
2738:
2203:
367:
301:
297:
1055:
The Story of the Submarine from the Earliest Ages to the Present Day
3255:
564:
508:
420:
380:
334:
263:
50:
1181:
1272:
933:. Groupe de Recherche sur l'Histoire Océanienne Contemporaine.
323:
was withdrawn from service in 1890 and is now preserved at the
378:, before launching a program to build a full-scale submarine.
598:
In 2002 was moved to the Paseo Alfonso XII, in front of the
777:
179:
2 x electric motors, 2 x 30 hp (22 kW), two shaft
761:
759:
757:
800:
798:
982:] (2nd ed.). Madrid: Editorial San Martín.
893:
The Illustrated Directory of Submarines of The World
4357:
3738:
3049:
2293:
1692:
1313:
282:), the submarine was launched on 8 September 1888.
1030:
222:400 nmi (740 km; 460 mi) at 3 knots
1111:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
1012:In The Time When Electricity Made Mules Obsoleted
950:Silent Killers: Submarines and Underwater Warfare
1243:"Las Pruebas Del Prototipo De Sumergible Peral"
863:"Traslado del submarino – La Opinion Newspaper"
1113:. London: Conway Maritime Press. p. 380.
1065:El Submarino Peral, de la gloria a la traición
721:
709:
544:made two simulated engagements on the cruiser
1284:
1008:De cuando la electricidad acabó con las mulas
997:Martínez-Valverde y Martínez, Carlos (1957).
929:Angleviel, Frédéric; Jolly, Margaret (2007).
352:
8:
513:The Peral Submarine in 2009 in front of the
16:First battery-powered naval submarine (1888)
1160:(in Spanish). Madrid: Industrias Gráficas.
592:, putting it ashore at the submarine base.
1291:
1277:
1269:
1128:Rodríguez González, Agustín Ramón (1993).
974:Aguilera, Alfredo; Elías, Vicente (1972).
948:Delgado, James P.; Cussler, Clive (2011).
828:
789:
765:
1131:Isaac Peral: Historia de una frustración
697:
195:7.8 knots (14.4 km/h; 9.0 mph)
1109:Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (1985).
1014:]. Madrid: Ediciones Nowtilus S.L.
778:Ayala Carcedo & Aláez Zazuerca 2001
653:
569:The Peral Submarine in 2015 in the new
1241:Sanahuja, Vicente (26 November 2010).
1158:Isaac Peral : su obra y su tiempo
804:
685:
628:List of submarines of the Spanish Navy
451:of 77 tons surfaced and 85 submerged.
18:
976:Buques de guerra españoles, 1885–1971
914:. Vol. 2. Barcelona: Valatenea.
816:
204:3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph)
41:
7:
4733:Military history of Cartagena, Spain
1300:Surviving ships launched before 1919
1201:"El submarino de Peral sale a flote"
895:. St. Paul, MN: Publishing Company.
912:Historia de la tecnología en España
1037:. Secaucus, N.J: Chartwell Books.
633:List of retired Spanish Navy ships
14:
1253:from the original on 28 June 2013
980:Ships of Spain's Wars (1885–1971)
663:"Isaac Peral, el genio frustrado"
1199:Morales, Manuel (30 June 2013).
1186:
1084:The illustrated history of ships
481:One of the original features of
374:with an initial budget of 5,000
310:Although advanced in many ways,
171:2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
163:2.9 m (9 ft 6 in)
155:22 m (72 ft 2 in)
43:
22:
1082:Cornwell, Edward Lewis (1979).
1001:. Barcelona: Ediciones Garriga.
354:Proyecto de Torpedero Submarino
968:Isaac Peral. El Marino Popular
609:was restored and moved to the
1:
2149:Amphibious / Akuna Amphibious
1006:Almodóvar, Miguel A. (2009).
232:one 14 in (360 mm)
1156:Pérez de Puig, Erna (1989).
999:Enciclopedia general del mar
970:, colección Europa (Madrid).
1067:. Madrid: Ediciones Ágora.
403:Centro Técnico de la Armada
4779:
722:Delgado & Cussler 2011
710:Angleviel & Jolly 2007
358:("Project for a submarine
258:to be entirely powered by
1626:State Barge of Charles II
1306:
1063:Sanmateo, Javier (2015).
952:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
586:Mateo García de los Reyes
571:Naval Museum of Cartagena
254:was the first successful
121:
36:
21:
1741:Dom Fernando II e Glória
1650:Prince Frederick's Barge
1220:Sidoli, Osvaldo (2011).
1029:Humble, Richard (1981).
458:purifier to eliminate CO
4748:19th-century submarines
1193:Peral (submarine, 1888)
740:. Casemate Publishers.
734:Blackman, Tony (2011).
122:General characteristics
3851:Großherzogin Elisabeth
3504:Alexander von Humboldt
1134:(in Spanish). Editum.
966:Villanúa, León, 1934,
891:Miller, David (2002).
611:Cartagena Naval Museum
574:
529:. On 6 March 1889 the
518:
426:
394:
391:Naval Museum of Madrid
353:
344:
325:Cartagena Naval Museum
4758:Museum ships in Spain
2707:Alfred Corry (ON 353)
1506:Roman ship of Marausa
1402:Dover Bronze Age Boat
1308:operational preserved
1052:Field, Cyril (1908).
623:History of submarines
568:
512:
424:
384:
338:
276:Arsenal de la Carraca
76:Arsenal de la Carraca
4763:Ships built in Spain
4550:Coastal Motor Boat 4
3995:James M. Schoonmaker
3584:St. Marys Challenger
2905:Presidente Sarmiento
1642:Queen Mary's Shallop
1426:Ma'agan Michael Ship
1222:"El submarino Peral"
1195:at Wikimedia Commons
842:"El Submarino Peral"
737:Nimrod Rise and Fall
266:engineer and sailor
4743:Submarines of Spain
4366:Belle of Louisville
3400:Fannie L. Daugherty
3039:William B. Tennison
1925:Sub Marine Explorer
1466:Sea of Galilee Boat
792:, pp. 132–134.
145:submerged 85 tonnes
4738:Spanish inventions
4454:Statsraad Lehmkuhl
4243:Benjamim Guimarães
2723:Henry Ramey Upcher
2715:Effie M. Morrissey
1805:Tudor Vladimirescu
1434:Fiskerton log boat
1205:cultura.elpais.com
1086:. Crescent Books.
575:
519:
427:
395:
345:
260:electric batteries
142:surfaced 77 tonnes
4720:
4719:
4670:Kapitan Borchardt
4662:Felipe Larrazabal
4003:McKeever Brothers
3883:Steam Pinnace 199
1901:Intelligent Whale
1733:Charles W. Morgan
1346:Pirogues de Bercy
1191:Media related to
1141:978-84-87529-21-4
1074:978-84-940755-2-0
1021:978-84-9763-840-1
747:978-1-909166-34-9
600:port of Cartagena
584:In 1929, Admiral
515:port of Cartagena
247:
246:
4770:
4710:W. P. Snyder Jr.
4542:Wilhelm Carpelan
4478:Graf von Goetzen
4347:Stadt Rapperswil
3488:Hilda M. Willing
3106:Kathleen and May
3082:Helen McAllister
3066:Edward M. Cotter
2865:Rickmer Rickmers
2857:Rebecca T. Ruark
2675:Lettie G. Howard
2221:Lady of the Lake
1933:City of Adelaide
1509:(3rd century AD)
1477:(1st century AD)
1442:Hjortspring boat
1418:Hasholme Logboat
1293:
1286:
1279:
1270:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1247:vidamaritima.com
1237:
1235:
1233:
1226:histarmar.com.ar
1216:
1214:
1212:
1190:
1171:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1124:
1097:
1078:
1059:
1048:
1036:
1033:Undersea warfare
1025:
1002:
993:
963:
944:
925:
906:
878:
877:
875:
874:
865:. Archived from
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
752:
751:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
676:
674:
673:
658:
540:On 25 June 1890
535:
456:sodium hydroxide
356:
53:
48:
47:
46:
26:
19:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4494:Langer Heinrich
4353:
4219:Miktat Kalkavan
4131:Gustafsberg VII
3963:Eye of the Wind
3947:Suriname-Rivier
3907:Georgios Averof
3755:Entiat Princess
3747:Circle Line XIV
3734:
3648:F. C. Lewis Jr.
3336:Light Vessel 72
3045:
2683:Maggie S. Myers
2540:Edna E Lockwood
2289:
2061:Lewis R. French
1688:
1554:Skuldelev ships
1421:(c. 750-390 BC)
1410:Hanson Log Boat
1394:Appleby logboat
1309:
1302:
1297:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1198:
1182:Submarino Peral
1178:
1168:
1155:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1127:
1121:
1108:
1105:
1103:Further reading
1100:
1094:
1081:
1075:
1062:
1051:
1045:
1028:
1022:
1005:
996:
990:
973:
960:
947:
941:
928:
922:
909:
903:
890:
886:
881:
872:
870:
861:
860:
856:
846:
844:
840:
839:
835:
827:
823:
815:
811:
803:
796:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
755:
748:
733:
732:
728:
720:
716:
708:
704:
696:
692:
684:
680:
671:
669:
660:
659:
655:
651:
619:
563:
547:Cristóbal Colón
533:
507:
461:
419:
339:Profile of the
333:
295:First World War
49:
44:
42:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4776:
4774:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4725:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4642:
4634:
4626:
4622:L'Art de Vivre
4618:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4422:Libby's No. 23
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
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4255:
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4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4147:J. L. Runeberg
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4011:Nellie L. Byrd
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3919:
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3724:
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3700:
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3596:
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3572:
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3492:
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3460:
3452:
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3428:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3304:Billie P. Hall
3300:
3292:
3288:Suomen Joutsen
3284:
3280:Stanley Norman
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3136:Victory Chimes
3132:
3124:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3090:Howard L. Shaw
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3053:
3051:
3047:
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3043:
3035:
3027:
3019:
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2504:
2496:
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2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2428:Polly Woodside
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2386:
2382:Little Jennie
2378:
2374:Abdón Calderón
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2275:Lady Elizabeth
2271:
2263:
2255:
2251:Falls of Clyde
2247:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2213:Governor Stone
2209:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
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1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1594:Tarihi Kadırga
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1557:(1030–1042 AD)
1550:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1397:(1500–1300 BC)
1390:
1389:(1870–1831 BC)
1382:
1381:(1870–1831 BC)
1374:
1373:(1870–1831 BC)
1366:
1365:(1870–1831 BC)
1358:
1350:
1342:
1338:Bibongho canoe
1334:
1326:
1325:(8040–7510 BC)
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1249:(in Spanish).
1238:
1217:
1196:
1184:
1177:
1176:External links
1174:
1173:
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1166:
1153:
1140:
1125:
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1092:
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1003:
994:
988:
971:
964:
959:978-1849088602
958:
945:
940:978-2951558083
939:
926:
920:
907:
901:
887:
885:
882:
880:
879:
854:
833:
831:, p. 137.
829:Almodóvar 2009
821:
819:, p. 144.
809:
807:, p. 324.
794:
790:Almodóvar 2009
782:
780:, p. 492.
770:
768:, p. 138.
766:Almodóvar 2009
753:
746:
726:
714:
712:, p. 185.
702:
700:, p. 146.
690:
688:, p. 174.
678:
667:www.elmundo.es
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127:Class and type
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103:Decommissioned
100:
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92:
91:
90:7 October 1887
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27:
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4688:
4687:
4686:Oosterschelde
4683:
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4608:
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4603:
4601:(1917) (1917)
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4408:
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4395:
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4391:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:Bustardthorpe
4379:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4356:
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4328:
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4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
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4084:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4075:African Queen
4072:
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4064:
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4053:
4052:
4048:
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4044:
4040:
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3997:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3984:
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3976:
3973:
3972:
3971:Helen Smitton
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3561:
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3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:(1906) (1906)
3546:
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3538:
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3533:
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3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3517:
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3509:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:(1905) (1905)
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3485:
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3160:Duchesse Anne
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2873:La Dolce Vita
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2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2542:
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2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:Anna Kristina
2521:
2518:
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2510:
2509:
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2368:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:Joseph Conrad
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:Anna Karoline
2170:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:Stephen Taber
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:Emma C. Berry
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:Star of India
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:Chattahoochee
1874:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:Constellation
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:Great Britain
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:Quanzhou ship
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:(997–1030 AD)
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:Arles Rhône 3
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:Poole Logboat
1455:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:Carnegie boat
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1167:9788440444035
1163:
1159:
1154:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1120:0-85177-245-5
1116:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1058:. Lippincott.
1057:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1044:0-89009-424-1
1040:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
985:
981:
977:
972:
969:
965:
961:
955:
951:
946:
942:
936:
932:
927:
923:
921:84-923944-6-3
917:
913:
908:
904:
902:0-7603-1345-8
898:
894:
889:
888:
883:
869:on 2015-03-20
868:
864:
858:
855:
843:
837:
834:
830:
825:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
786:
783:
779:
774:
771:
767:
762:
760:
758:
754:
749:
743:
739:
738:
730:
727:
724:, p. 89.
723:
718:
715:
711:
706:
703:
699:
698:Cornwell 1979
694:
691:
687:
682:
679:
668:
664:
657:
654:
648:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
616:
614:
612:
608:
603:
601:
596:
593:
591:
587:
582:
580:
572:
567:
560:
558:
556:
551:
549:
548:
543:
538:
532:
528:
524:
516:
511:
504:
502:
500:
497:and one from
496:
492:
486:
484:
479:
475:
471:
469:
463:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
437:
432:
425:Turret detail
423:
416:
414:
410:
408:
404:
399:
392:
388:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
363:
361:
357:
355:
349:
342:
337:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
315:
314:
308:
306:
305:
299:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
242:
239:
235:
231:
228:
227:
221:
218:
215:
214:
213:
210:
209:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
120:
116:
113:
110:
109:
105:
102:
101:
97:
94:
93:
89:
86:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
66:
63:
60:
57:
56:
52:
40:
35:
30:
25:
20:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4620:
4613:
4605:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4420:
4412:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4380:
4373:
4364:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4257:
4251:Dredge No. 4
4249:
4241:
4234:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3961:
3954:
3945:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3915:Noorderlicht
3914:
3906:
3899:E.C. Collier
3898:
3890:
3882:
3875:Stadt Zürich
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3769:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3694:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3656:Henrik Ibsen
3655:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3334:
3326:
3319:
3311:
3303:
3294:
3287:
3279:
3270:
3263:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3104:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3038:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3006:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2871:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2617:
2610:
2603:Ruby G. Ford
2602:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2482:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2397:PW Mayflower
2396:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2356:
2349:
2342:Grace Bailey
2341:
2334:George Smeed
2333:
2325:
2318:Mary D. Hume
2317:
2308:
2301:
2282:
2274:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2171:
2164:
2157:Muñoz Gamero
2155:
2148:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2099:
2091:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1899:
1893:H. L. Hunley
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1765:Brandtaucher
1763:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1682:Constitution
1681:
1673:
1666:Philadelphia
1665:
1657:
1648:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1618:St. Nicholas
1617:
1610:Sparrow Hawk
1609:
1601:
1592:
1585:
1578:Newport Ship
1576:
1573:(c. 1380 AD)
1568:
1560:
1552:
1546:Utrecht ship
1544:
1536:
1530:Gokstad ship
1528:
1522:Oseberg Ship
1520:
1513:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1450:Kyrenia ship
1448:
1440:
1437:(457–300 BC)
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1370:Chicago boat
1368:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1330:Dufuna canoe
1328:
1320:
1265:
1255:. Retrieved
1246:
1230:. Retrieved
1228:(in Spanish)
1225:
1209:. Retrieved
1207:(in Spanish)
1204:
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1130:
1110:
1083:
1064:
1054:
1032:
1011:
1007:
998:
979:
975:
967:
949:
930:
911:
892:
871:. Retrieved
867:the original
857:
847:25 September
845:. Retrieved
836:
824:
812:
785:
773:
736:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
670:. Retrieved
666:
661:elmundo.es.
656:
606:
604:
597:
594:
583:
578:
576:
561:Preservation
554:
552:
546:
541:
539:
530:
522:
520:
498:
494:
490:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
464:
453:
449:displacement
428:
417:Construction
411:
402:
400:
396:
386:
364:
360:torpedo boat
351:
347:
346:
340:
320:
319:
312:
311:
309:
303:
287:torpedo tube
285:She had one
284:
272:Spanish Navy
250:
249:
248:
236:(bow; three
234:torpedo tube
216:
198:
189:
137:Displacement
95:Commissioned
61:
28:
4646:Valley Camp
4606:Carpentaria
4598:Carlisle II
4430:Doulos Phos
4358:World War I
4259:Jolie Brise
4235:Adventuress
4163:Lady Denman
4139:James Caird
3931:Ste. Claire
3835:Dar Pomorza
3763:Fehmarnbelt
3600:Ticonderoga
3320:Finngrundet
3296:Alma Doepel
3272:Solway Lass
2763:C.A. Thayer
2571:Persistence
2532:Arthur Foss
2125:James Craig
1957:El Mahrousa
1781:Snow Squall
1717:Trincomalee
1709:Ticonderoga
1517:(c. 320 AD)
1501:(c. 182 AD)
1498:Bevaix boat
1493:(c. 150 AD)
1461:(c. 300 BC)
1453:(c. 350 BC)
1445:(c. 350 BC)
1429:(c. 450 BC)
1322:Pesse canoe
805:Miller 2002
686:Humble 1981
268:Isaac Peral
238:Schwarzkopf
115:Museum ship
72:Isaac Peral
4753:1888 ships
4727:Categories
4638:St. Julien
4582:Portsmouth
4574:Mercantile
4534:Sankt Erik
4291:North Head
4123:Gustaf III
3979:Hestmanden
3771:Mohican II
3520:Blümlisalp
3416:Maple Leaf
3392:Black Jack
3344:Maggie Lee
3264:Shenandoah
3031:Stjernen I
2779:Gedser Rev
2667:El Primero
2492:af Chapman
2310:Fenian Ram
2243:Enterprise
2101:Meiji Maru
2029:Cutty Sark
2021:Schorpioen
1821:Skibladner
1570:Bremen cog
1514:Nydam Boat
1482:De Meern 1
1469:(c. 85 BC)
1386:White boat
1354:Khufu ship
1093:0517287951
989:8471400421
884:References
873:2013-09-16
817:Field 1908
672:2019-04-28
643:Ictíneo II
431:La Carraca
331:Conception
176:Propulsion
117:since 2013
4694:President
4614:Commander
4406:Horns Rev
4374:Britannia
4315:Suur Tõll
4211:Zhongshan
4203:Wendameen
4187:Sundowner
4179:Melbourne
4059:Tradewind
3867:President
3739:1908–1914
3560:Minnehaha
3536:Edith May
3512:Baltimore
3496:Ridgetown
3472:Fæmund II
3456:Swiftsure
3408:J C Madge
3184:Holland 1
3152:Discovery
3121:Regina M.
3098:Ironsides
3050:1900–1907
2516:Priscilla
2444:Balclutha
2436:Wavertree
2358:Christeen
2294:1880–1899
2267:Holland I
2013:Lone Star
1869:Australia
1861:Mayflower
1789:Edwin Fox
1693:1800–1879
1677:(c. 1789)
1597:(c. 1600)
1586:Mary Rose
1565:(1272 AD)
1538:Tune ship
1413:(1500 BC)
1405:(1500 BC)
1357:(2500 BC)
1349:(4500 BC)
1341:(6000 BC)
1333:(6250 BC)
638:Ictíneo I
605:In 2013,
590:Cartagena
468:periscope
385:Model of
291:torpedoes
289:(and two
256:submarine
241:torpedoes
199:Submerged
131:Submarine
87:Laid down
4702:Surprise
4566:Mariette
4518:Miseford
4470:Bradbury
4462:Zumbrota
4414:Katahdin
4398:Hercules
4390:Caroline
4339:Sicamous
4331:Naramata
4171:Margaret
4115:Earnslaw
4091:Canberra
4051:Pevensey
3987:Industry
3939:Trillium
3923:Norrskär
3843:Duwamish
3811:Storskär
3680:Keewatin
3664:Hercules
3592:Thalatta
3576:Östanå I
3568:Minnie V
3384:Barnegat
3240:Columbia
3168:Elsworth
3144:Cangarda
3007:Albatros
2999:Wyvenhoe
2991:Waimarie
2951:Berkeley
2935:Marjorie
2787:Hiawatha
2731:Turbinia
2566:" (1890)
2366:Nelcebee
2326:Rothbury
2037:Katarina
2005:Enköping
1973:Adelaide
1949:Strelets
1813:Santiago
1773:Radetzky
1634:La Belle
1541:(900 AD)
1533:(900 AD)
1525:(820 AD)
1485:(148 AD)
1378:Red boat
1314:Pre-1800
1251:Archived
617:See also
577:In 1890
495:Retamosa
447:, and a
407:actuator
302:SM
280:Navantia
270:for the
229:Armament
217:Surfaced
190:Surfaced
80:Navantia
4558:Krassin
4526:Peacock
4510:Mar-Sue
4307:Stord I
4299:Rusinga
4275:Kommuna
4267:Kildare
4155:Kwasind
4099:Cartela
4083:Astoria
4019:Nomadic
3830:( 1909)
3819:Ardwina
3803:Speeder
3779:Oscar W
3640:Canally
3624:Ambrose
3552:Ida May
3528:Cambria
3440:Moshulu
3424:Juniata
3360:Pommern
3248:Jupiter
3219:c. 1901
3216:Tilikum
3208:Sigsbee
3192:Kathryn
2983:Niagara
2943:Niagara
2912:Tarella
2897:Najaden
2881:Keenora
2833:Glenlee
2771:Centaur
2747:Lagaren
2643:Olympia
2627:Kestrel
2508:Equator
2484:Akarana
2452:L'Almée
2420:Pioneer
2412:Coronet
2283:Vallejo
2229:Success
2189:Bonaire
2141:Uruguay
1965:Huáscar
1941:Jackson
1845:Warrior
1837:Jylland
1829:Gondola
1725:Unicorn
1701:Zetland
1658:Victory
1257:29 June
1232:30 June
1211:30 June
1147:30 June
527:Gymnote
499:Barceló
389:in the
376:pesetas
298:U-boats
274:at the
264:Spanish
168:Draught
68:Builder
37:History
31:in 1888
4713:(1918)
4705:(1918)
4697:(1918)
4689:(1918)
4681:(1918)
4673:(1918)
4665:(1918)
4657:(1918)
4654:El Don
4649:(1917)
4641:(1917)
4633:(1917)
4625:(1917)
4617:(1917)
4609:(1917)
4593:(1916)
4585:(1916)
4577:(1916)
4569:(1916)
4561:(1916)
4553:(1916)
4545:(1915)
4537:(1915)
4529:(1915)
4521:(1915)
4513:(1915)
4505:(1915)
4497:(1915)
4489:(1915)
4481:(1915)
4473:(1915)
4465:(1914)
4457:(1914)
4449:(1914)
4441:(1914)
4433:(1914)
4425:(1914)
4417:(1914)
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4278:(1913)
4270:(1913)
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4246:(1913)
4238:(1913)
4230:(1913)
4227:Acadia
4222:(1912)
4214:(1912)
4206:(1912)
4198:(1912)
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4182:(1912)
4174:(1912)
4166:(1912)
4158:(1912)
4150:(1912)
4142:(1912)
4134:(1912)
4126:(1912)
4118:(1912)
4110:(1912)
4107:Chacon
4102:(1912)
4094:(1912)
4086:(1912)
4078:(1912)
4070:(1911)
4067:Wäiski
4062:(1911)
4054:(1911)
4046:(1911)
4043:Peking
4038:(1911)
4035:Passat
4030:(1911)
4027:Nusret
4022:(1911)
4014:(1911)
4006:(1911)
3998:(1911)
3990:(1911)
3982:(1911)
3974:(1911)
3966:(1911)
3958:(1911)
3955:Europa
3950:(1910)
3942:(1910)
3934:(1910)
3926:(1910)
3918:(1910)
3910:(1910)
3902:(1910)
3894:(1909)
3886:(1909)
3878:(1909)
3870:(1909)
3862:(1909)
3854:(1909)
3846:(1909)
3838:(1909)
3827:Bigwin
3822:(1909)
3814:(1908)
3806:(1908)
3798:(1908)
3795:Sabino
3790:(1908)
3782:(1908)
3774:(1908)
3766:(1908)
3758:(1908)
3750:(1908)
3731:(1907)
3728:Yankee
3723:(1907)
3720:Viking
3715:(1907)
3707:(1907)
3699:(1907)
3691:(1907)
3688:Nyanza
3683:(1907)
3675:(1907)
3667:(1907)
3659:(1907)
3651:(1907)
3643:(1907)
3635:(1907)
3632:Drazki
3627:(1907)
3619:(1906)
3611:(1906)
3603:(1906)
3595:(1906)
3587:(1906)
3579:(1906)
3571:(1906)
3563:(1906)
3555:(1906)
3539:(1906)
3531:(1906)
3523:(1906)
3515:(1906)
3507:(1906)
3491:(1905)
3483:(1905)
3480:Hathor
3475:(1905)
3467:(1905)
3464:Asgard
3459:(1904)
3451:(1904)
3443:(1904)
3435:(1904)
3427:(1904)
3419:(1904)
3411:(1904)
3403:(1904)
3395:(1904)
3387:(1904)
3379:(1904)
3371:(1904)
3363:(1903)
3355:(1903)
3352:Normac
3347:(1903)
3339:(1903)
3331:(1903)
3323:(1903)
3315:(1903)
3312:Celtic
3307:(1903)
3299:(1903)
3291:(1902)
3283:(1902)
3275:(1902)
3267:(1902)
3259:(1902)
3251:(1902)
3243:(1902)
3235:(1902)
3232:Basuto
3227:(1901)
3211:(1901)
3203:(1901)
3200:Reaper
3195:(1901)
3187:(1901)
3179:(1901)
3176:Gazela
3171:(1901)
3163:(1901)
3155:(1901)
3147:(1901)
3139:(1900)
3131:(1900)
3128:Västan
3123:(1900)
3117:(1900)
3114:Mikasa
3109:(1900)
3101:(1900)
3093:(1900)
3085:(1900)
3077:(1900)
3069:(1900)
3061:(1900)
3058:Aurora
3042:(1899)
3034:(1899)
3026:(1899)
3018:(1899)
3015:Decima
3010:(1899)
3002:(1898)
2994:(1898)
2986:(1898)
2978:(1898)
2970:(1898)
2962:(1898)
2954:(1898)
2946:(1898)
2938:(1898)
2930:(1898)
2927:Carola
2922:(1897)
2919:Wyvern
2914:(1897)
2908:(1897)
2900:(1897)
2892:(1897)
2889:Marion
2884:(1897)
2876:(1897)
2868:(1896)
2860:(1896)
2852:(1896)
2844:(1896)
2841:Meteor
2836:(1896)
2828:(1896)
2825:Genève
2820:(1896)
2817:Edna G
2812:(1896)
2806:(1896)
2798:(1895)
2790:(1895)
2782:(1895)
2774:(1895)
2766:(1895)
2758:(1895)
2755:Bessie
2750:(1894)
2742:(1894)
2739:Vridni
2734:(1894)
2726:(1894)
2718:(1894)
2710:(1894)
2702:(1893)
2699:Viking
2694:(1893)
2691:Result
2686:(1893)
2678:(1893)
2670:(1893)
2662:(1893)
2654:(1892)
2646:(1892)
2638:(1892)
2635:Mirosa
2630:(1892)
2622:(1892)
2614:(1891)
2606:(1891)
2598:(1891)
2595:Nellie
2590:(1891)
2582:(1890)
2574:(1890)
2564:Eureka
2559:(1889)
2551:(1889)
2543:(1889)
2535:(1889)
2527:(1889)
2519:(1888)
2511:(1888)
2503:(1888)
2495:(1888)
2487:(1888)
2479:(1887)
2471:(1887)
2463:(1887)
2460:Segwun
2455:(1885)
2447:(1886)
2439:(1885)
2431:(1885)
2423:(1885)
2415:(1885)
2407:(1885)
2404:Amazon
2399:(1884)
2393:(1884)
2385:(1884)
2377:(1884)
2369:(1883)
2361:(1883)
2353:(1882)
2345:(1882)
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2321:(1881)
2313:(1881)
2305:(1880)
2286:(1879)
2278:(1879)
2270:(1878)
2262:(1878)
2259:Gannet
2254:(1878)
2246:(1878)
2238:(1878)
2232:(1877)
2224:(1877)
2216:(1877)
2208:(1877)
2200:(1877)
2197:Elissa
2192:(1877)
2184:(1877)
2176:(1876)
2168:(1875)
2160:(1875)
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2144:(1874)
2136:(1874)
2128:(1874)
2120:(1874)
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2104:(1873)
2096:(1872)
2088:(1872)
2080:(1871)
2072:(1871)
2064:(1871)
2056:(1871)
2053:Leitha
2048:(1870)
2045:Yavari
2040:(1869)
2032:(1869)
2024:(1868)
2016:(1868)
2008:(1868)
2000:(1868)
1997:Buffel
1992:(1866)
1984:(1866)
1981:Bjoren
1976:(1866)
1968:(1865)
1960:(1865)
1952:(1864)
1944:(1864)
1936:(1864)
1928:(1863)
1920:(1863)
1912:(1863)
1904:(1863)
1896:(1863)
1888:(1863)
1885:Daring
1880:(1863)
1872:(1862)
1864:(1861)
1856:(1861)
1848:(1860)
1840:(1860)
1832:(1859)
1824:(1856)
1816:(1856)
1808:(1854)
1800:(1854)
1792:(1853)
1784:(1851)
1776:(1851)
1768:(1850)
1760:(1845)
1752:(1844)
1749:Bertha
1744:(1843)
1736:(1841)
1728:(1824)
1720:(1817)
1712:(1814)
1704:(1802)
1685:(1797)
1669:(1776)
1661:(1765)
1653:(1732)
1645:(1689)
1637:(1684)
1629:(1670)
1621:(1640)
1613:(1628)
1605:(1627)
1589:(1509)
1581:(1449)
1474:Alkedo
1164:
1138:
1117:
1090:
1071:
1041:
1018:
986:
956:
937:
918:
899:
744:
505:Trials
445:screws
368:Madrid
152:Length
111:Status
4678:Lotus
4590:UB-46
4486:Katie
4446:Pilot
4438:Perth
4323:Usoga
4195:Texas
3891:Gonca
3859:Lotus
3787:Oster
3712:Tarmo
3672:Irene
3616:Viola
3432:Medea
3376:Ariki
3368:Alose
3256:Madiz
3224:Urger
2975:Moyie
2967:Etona
2810:Daisy
2803:Belem
2795:Kitty
2579:Robin
2556:Raven
2548:Peral
2468:Sigyn
2302:Annie
2236:Decoy
2181:Avoca
2165:Sölve
2069:Raven
1909:Neuse
1853:Cairo
1674:Peggy
1010:[
978:[
649:Notes
607:Peral
579:Peral
555:Peral
542:Peral
534:'
531:Peral
523:Peral
491:Peral
483:Peral
441:draft
387:Peral
372:Cádiz
348:Peral
341:Peral
321:Peral
313:Peral
278:(now
251:Peral
211:Range
184:Speed
62:Peral
51:Spain
29:Peral
4630:Maud
4283:Kyle
3704:Ruby
3696:Rosa
3448:Sava
3328:Föri
3023:Maud
2959:Edme
2849:Pyap
2659:Coya
2651:Rona
2619:Fram
2611:Tern
2587:Alma
2390:Kuna
2133:Juno
2117:Hero
2093:Gjøa
2085:Puno
1602:Vasa
1259:2013
1234:2013
1213:2013
1162:ISBN
1149:2013
1136:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1039:ISBN
1016:ISBN
984:ISBN
954:ISBN
935:ISBN
916:ISBN
897:ISBN
849:2011
742:ISBN
521:The
436:beam
362:").
160:Beam
106:1890
98:1889
82:now)
58:Name
4502:M33
3608:U-1
3544:Ena
3074:Ena
2500:Elf
2476:Tyr
2205:Gem
2109:Rap
304:U-9
74:In
4729::
1245:.
1224:.
1203:.
797:^
756:^
665:.
613:.
602:.
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327:.
2562:"
1292:e
1285:t
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78:(
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