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317:, in which it noted its "unanimous moral condemnation of the Franco regime", resolved to undertake further studies in order to determine whether the situation in Spain was causing international friction and endangering international peace and security and, to that end, appointed a subcommittee to further examine the matter and report on it. Between May and June 1946, the Security Council conducted its study of the political situation in Spain, in which it arrived at the following conclusions:
196:"The three Governments feel bound however to make it clear that they for their part would not favour any application for membership put forward by the present Spanish Government, which, having been founded with the support of the Axis Powers, does not, in view of its origins, its nature, its record and its close association with the aggressor States, possess the qualifications necessary to justify such membership."
337:
December 12, 1946, the
General Assembly adopted Resolution 39, which excluded the Spanish government from international organizations and conferences established by the United Nations. In addition, the resolution recommended that the Security Council take the necessary measures if, within a "reasonable time", no new Government was established whose authority emanated from the
353:) did not abide by the recommendation to withdraw their ambassadors, while many others simply left their delegations in charge of chargés d'affaires. In addition, the Francoist State overcame the storm through the so-called substitution policies, bridging with Spanish-American republics and Arab countries in the hope that the Western countries, driven by the
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85:
began on
September 1, 1939, Francoist Spain proclaimed that Spain would remain neutral. The German victories over the Benelux countries and France in June 1940 and Italy's entry into the war on the German side (on June 10), however, changed the situation. On June 13, 1940, when the Germans were about
740:
On
November 4, 1950, the General Assembly adopted Resolution 386, which revoked the recommendation for the withdrawal of ambassadors accredited to the Spanish government while repealing the recommendation that prevented Spain from being a member of the International agencies established or linked by
728:
that admitted that
Resolution 39 had been a failure and said that the government was able to support a resolution that would end both issues. However, the Francoist State continued to be condemned on the grounds that the policy pursued had been erroneous but not in the moral condemnation of Franco's
714:
However, the Cold War caused the US government to change its attitude towards
Francoist Spain since its geographical situation and anticommunist government would be a valuable asset to the so-called "free world" plans. Under those conditions, Spain was gaining sympathy among several member countries
154:"It is the understanding of the Delegation of Mexico that paragraph 2 of Chapter III cannot be applied to the states whose regimes have been established with the help of military forces belonging to the countries which have waged war against the United Nations, as long as those regimes are in power.
124:
and the
Italian troops. For Franco it was the end of his putative aspirations of conquest and a possible risk of invasion by the allies given their alignment with Germany and Italy. It was not until the fall of Mussolini in July 1943, after the allied landing in Sicily, that General Franco returned
348:
vindicating national pride in the face of foreign hostility and appealing to the
Spanish people's self-sufficiency. These sanctions failed to weaken Francoist Spain, which in domestic politics reacted to a propaganda campaign that managed to strengthen Franco by stirring up the spectre of "foreign
336:
Convinced that the
Francoist State was imposed on the Spanish people by force with the help of the Axis powers (which it helped during the war) and did not represent the Spanish people, making it impossible to participate in international affairs of the Spanish people with The United Nations, on
331:
Franco was a guilty party, with Hitler and
Mussolini, in the conspiracy to wage war against those countries that later banded together as the United Nations. It was part of the conspiracy that Franco's full belligerency should be postponed until a time to be mutually agreed
1344:
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341:. Likewise, the resolution recommended the immediate withdrawal of ambassadors accredited to the Government of Spain. The resolution was adopted with 34 votes in favour, 6 votes against, 13 abstentions and one absence.
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to enter Paris, Franco abandoned "strict neutrality" and declared himself "non-belligerent", which was the status that Italy had before entering the war. The next day
Spanish troops occupied
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interference." Neither did internationally have great effects, beyond constituting a symbol of international ostracism of the Spanish State. Some countries (especially
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leaders did attend the conference, exerting a notorious influence on several delegations, extended to the conditions of entry into the United Nations.
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Resolution 386 paved the way for Spain to join the United Nations system, a process that began in 1951 with its incorporation into agencies such as
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Franco's regime was fascist in nature, established with the help of the Nazi regime in Germany and the fascist regime in Italy.
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Due to Franco's sympathy with the Axis powers, the winners of the war excluded Spain from the post-war international order.
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to "strict neutrality" against his wishes, ordering in November the withdrawal of the Blue Division from the Russian front.
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was, in a certain way, seeking revenge against the Francoist State, due in part to the fact that the State had sent the
398:
98:. In late June 1941, the Francoist regime decided to participate in the "anti-communist crusade", the invasion of the
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the United Nations. The resolution was adopted with 38 votes in favour, 10 against, 12 abstentions and no absences.
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At the UN, the issue of Spain was one of the first to be addressed by the organization, on the initiative of the
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The day after the adoption of the resolution, the Francoist State responded with a large demonstration in the
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attempting to stop his "pro-Axis record", and other evidence of pro-Nazi sympathies, escaping alongside the
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Despite Allied protests, Franco aided the Axis Powers by sending the Blue Division to the Soviet Union and
169:, the question of how to proceed with post-war Spain was one of the first to be dealt with. In this sense,
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1412:"Report of the Subcommittee on the Spanish question appointed by the Security Council on 29 April 1946"
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47:) was the set of geopolitical and diplomatic circumstances that marked the relationship between
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between 1945 and 1955, centred on the UN's refusal to admit Spain to the organization due to
1280:"La esperanza frustrada. El exilio republicano ante la cuestión española en Naciones Unidas"
560:
406:
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177:(volunteers fighting with the German armed forces) to the Soviet Union during World War II.
40:
24:
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In November 1942 British and American troops landed in North Africa to dislodge the German
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1406:. United Nations: Department of Political and Security Council Affairs. p. 306.
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Attitude in the beginning of the international organization towards Franco Spain
1217:"Resolución 39(I) de la Asamblea General de la ONU sobre la cuestión española"
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1311:. United Nations: Official Documents System. 12 December 1946. p. 1222.
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1245:"El repudio internacional, el fin del aislamiento y el ingreso en la ONU"
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and was completed with its accession to the UN on December 14, 1955.
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Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with Francoist Spain
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At this conference, the three winning powers in World War II (the
142:. During that conference, on the initiative of the delegations of
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1126:"Investigation of the Spanish question before the United Nations"
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Relations of states members and specialized agencies with Spain
1032:
1093:(in Spanish) (17). Madrid: Universidad Complutense: 121–146.
1404:
Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council 1946–1951
1347:. New York: United Nations. November 4, 1950. Archived from
158:
Spain was not present at the conference. However, prominent
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reign and so the United States excluded Spain from the
1160:"España y la ONU: la "cuestión española" (1945-1950)"
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Relations of members of the United Nations with Spain
1219:(in Spanish). Fundación Acción Pro Derechos Humanos
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1286:(in Spanish). Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya
1085:Fernández, Antonio; Pereira, Juan Carlos (1995).
152:
1414:. United Nations Digital Library. 1 June 1946.
1087:"La percepción española de la ONU (1945-1962)"
1325:. New York: United Nations. December 12, 1946
1080:
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1054:United Nations Security Council Resolution 7
1049:United Nations Security Council Resolution 4
1454:United Nations General Assembly resolutions
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1243:Alarcón, Julio Martín (October 17, 2014).
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614:United Nations resolution adopted in 1950
205:United Nations resolution adopted in 1946
357:, rectify their attitude towards Spain.
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23:An American cartoon from 1945 depicts
113:composed of volunteers, known as the
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1429:Foreign relations of Francoist Spain
1253:Unidad Editorial Información General
192:) issued a statement on the matter:
1278:Sánchez, Irene (January 21, 2016).
1091:Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea
1249:El Mundo - Aventura de la Historia
309:delegation. On 29 April 1946, the
138:The Spanish question arose at the
14:
1185:"Berlin Potsdam Conference, 1945"
90:, an international city that was
1479:1946 in international relations
1474:1951 in international relations
1469:1945 in international relations
96:Spanish Protectorate of Morocco
733:and did not invite it to join
1:
1459:History of the United Nations
1306:"Fifty-ninth Plenary Meeting"
1158:Lleonart y Amsélem, Alberto.
1464:Spain and the United Nations
1124:Tash, Dale Raymond (1951).
1500:
721:published a letter of the
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1484:Aftermath of World War II
1284:Temps i espais de memòria
77:Spain during World War II
140:San Francisco Conference
117:, to the Russian front.
1128:. University of Montana
339:consent of the governed
106:, by sending a Spanish
1397:"The Spanish Question"
1251:(in Spanish). Madrid:
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32:
29:skeleton in the closet
22:
94:incorporated to the
59:'s sympathy for the
1351:on August 25, 2017
795:Dominican Republic
723:Secretary of State
718:The New York Times
522:Dominican Republic
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326:seizing Tangier
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1375:. Retrieved
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:the original
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1102:. Retrieved
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681:38 voted for
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545:Afghanistan
540:Abstentions
530:El Salvador
467:Philippines
447:New Zealand
61:Axis powers
1423:Categories
1065:References
1019:Conclusion
950:Yugoslavia
843:Luxembourg
791:Costa Rica
626:Resolution
518:Costa Rica
503:Yugoslavia
439:Luxembourg
217:Resolution
71:Background
1355:April 13,
1329:April 13,
1290:April 13,
1258:April 13,
1223:April 13,
1169:April 13,
1132:April 13,
1104:April 13,
1099:0214-400X
989:Indonesia
961:Australia
922:Guatemala
899:Venezuela
851:Nicaragua
759:Argentina
514:Argentina
499:Venezuela
451:Nicaragua
415:Guatemala
371:Australia
351:Argentina
144:Australia
1377:17 April
1043:See also
977:Ethiopia
887:Thailand
863:Paraguay
855:Pakistan
819:Honduras
787:Colombia
654:Document
569:Honduras
553:Colombia
463:Paraguay
407:Ethiopia
355:Cold War
328:in 1940.
313:adopted
245:Document
188:and the
111:division
108:infantry
92:de facto
51:and the
1189:pbs.org
973:Denmark
942:Uruguay
909:Against
839:Liberia
835:Lebanon
823:Iceland
799:Ecuador
767:Bolivia
763:Belgium
708:Adopted
661:Subject
573:Lebanon
526:Ecuador
509:Against
491:Uruguay
435:Liberia
423:Iceland
403:Denmark
379:Bolivia
375:Belgium
299:Adopted
252:Subject
165:At the
132:Origins
102:by the
88:Tangier
41:Spanish
1097:
1015:None.
1011:Absent
1001:Sweden
997:Norway
981:France
934:Poland
930:Mexico
926:Israel
891:Turkey
859:Panama
811:Greece
775:Canada
771:Brazil
745:Voting
705:Result
599:Absent
593:Turkey
565:Greece
549:Canada
475:Sweden
471:Poland
459:Panama
455:Norway
443:Mexico
411:France
383:Brazil
361:Voting
307:Polish
296:Result
184:, the
171:Stalin
148:Mexico
1400:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
1163:(PDF)
985:India
965:Burma
903:Yemen
883:Syria
815:Haiti
803:Egypt
783:China
779:Chile
589:Syria
561:Egypt
427:India
419:Haiti
395:China
391:Chile
332:upon.
81:When
49:Spain
1379:2024
1357:2017
1331:2017
1292:2017
1260:2017
1225:2017
1171:2017
1134:2017
1106:2017
1095:ISSN
1035:and
969:Cuba
946:USSR
867:Peru
831:Iraq
827:Iran
735:NATO
649:Code
633:Date
604:Iraq
557:Cuba
534:Peru
495:USSR
431:Iran
240:Code
224:Date
146:and
104:Axis
100:USSR
35:The
1037:WHO
1033:FAO
1029:ITU
1025:UPU
750:For
644:304
628:386
620:UN
366:For
211:UN
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