226:
distance. In line with this, a modified version of the SpaceLiner 7 capable of flying medium long-haul distances while carrying 100 passengers has been examined. Given the name SL7-100, this concept variant is suitable for Class 2 and Class 3 distance flights. To accommodate for the different SpaceLiner configurations, a long and short version of the booster stage have therefore been considered to accordingly fulfill the mission requirements depending on the required range, either in combination with the 50 or 100-passenger stage version. In addition, research into possible spaceport variants has been performed, determining mainland, offshore platform and artificial island possibilities, as well as the required infrastructure for a potential SpaceLiner spaceport.
218:
34:
235:
154:
588:
143:
systems of the early 2000s. A major challenge lies in improving the safety standards and especially the robustness and reliability of space components such as rocket engines, so that they will become suitable for the daily operation of a passenger transporter like the SpaceLiner, while also meeting the required reusability criteria.
167:
considerations, modelling and simulations of the various subsystems, and their design and integration being performed. Selected variants to the baseline configuration given different requirements and specifications were studied with associated results influencing and redirecting the entire configuration process.
225:
Possible routes, which have then formed the basis of trajectory analyses for SpaceLiner, have been identified. These are classified and grouped in terms of their distances, with Class 1 representing the longest route, and Class 3 describing the shortest yet still economically interesting and relevant
166:
At the end of 2012 investigations and ongoing studies conducted within context of the FAST20XX framework led to the refinement and definition of the SpaceLiner 7 version. Based on the results of previous studies, development has been progressing continuously with increasingly detailed and in-depth
1140:
465:
cycle mode. Having a common engine design for both SpaceLiner stages is in line with system commonality and is projected to support cost optimisation in both the development and production phases. The nozzle expansion ratio is adapted to the different missions of the booster and passenger stages.
213:
of previous versions has been modified and replaced by a single delta wing. So far, subsystems such as the passenger cabin, the cryogenic tanks, the propellant feed system and the vehicle thermal protection have been preliminarily defined and integrated. Studies have also been carried out on the
130:
20 are projected, depending on the mission and the associated trajectory flown. SpaceLiner flight times from
Australia to Europe, the chosen reference mission, should take 90 minutes. Shorter distances, such as Europe to California for example, would then be achievable in no more than 60 minutes.
142:
A key aspect of the SpaceLiner concept is its full reusability and vehicle mass-production, which would closely resemble production rates of the aviation industry. Serial production is expected to deliver a significant increase in cost effectiveness compared to conventional space transportation
117:
configuration with a large uncrewed booster and a crewed stage designed for 50 passengers and 2 crew members. The fully reusable system is accelerated by a total of eleven liquid rocket engines (9 for the booster stage, 2 for the passenger stage), which are to be operated using cryogenic liquid
191:
concept is a 2015 evolution of version 2 with improved aerodynamic and flight dynamic characteristics. Based on this configuration, various technologies necessary for the SpaceLiner were experimentally and numerically examined, research that was funded by the EU research project FAST20XX.
179:
refers to the first version, which featured the integration of an innovative active cooling system for the areas of particularly high thermal stresses during atmospheric re-entry, which are the nose and wing leading edge sections.
126:). After engine cut-off, the passenger stage will enter a high-speed gliding flight phase and shall be capable of travelling long intercontinental distances within a very short time. Altitudes of 80 kilometers and speed beyond
138:
The concept design also foresees the passenger cabin to function as an autonomous rescue capsule which can be separated from the vehicle in case of an emergency, thus allowing the passengers to return safely to Earth.
209:. Based on results obtained from application of numerical optimisation methods which achieved an improvement of the aerodynamic, thermal and structural-mechanical properties in hypersonic flight, the initial double
905:
Trivailo, O (March 2015), "Innovative Cost
Engineering Approaches, Analyses and Methods Applied to SpaceLiner - an Advanced, Hypersonic, Suborbital Spaceplane Case-Study",
131:
Acceleration loads for the passengers, and only during the propelled section of the flight, are designed to remain below 2.5 g, and well below those experienced by the
1164:
214:
economic and logistical aspects of the concept, with preliminary calculations of expected program development and production costs given necessary assumptions.
1246:
1241:
879:
Sippel, M; Bussler, L; Kopp, A; Krummen, S; Valluchi, C; Wilken, J; Prévereaud, Y; Vérant, J.-L.; Laroche, E; Sourgen, E; Bonetti, D (March 2017),
1236:
1070:
975:
816:
101:
as of 2017. Projections in 2015 were that if adequate funding was eventually secured, the SpaceLiner concept might become an operational
621:
601:
1088:"Overall Preliminary Design of the Thermal Protection System for a Long Range Hypersonic Rocket-Powered Passenger Vehicle (SpaceLiner)"
888:
AIAA 2017-2170, 21st AIAA International Space Planes and
Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, 6–9 March 2017, Xiamen, China
150:
funded projects such as FAST20XX and CHATT. In addition to DLR, various partners from the
European aerospace sector are involved.
740:"Comparative study on options for high-speed intercontinental passenger transports: air-breathing- vs. rocket-propelled"
462:
147:
20:
626:
801:
AIAA 2015-3582, 20th AIAA International Space Planes and
Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Glasgow.
90:(Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, or DLR) in 2005. In its second role the SpaceLiner is intended as a
474:
will be used as the propellants, a combination which is both very powerful while still remaining eco-friendly.
652:
461:
The SpaceLiner concept intends to use a single type of reusable liquid rocket engine, which operates in the
98:
97:
The SpaceLiner is a very long-term project, and does not currently have funding lined up to initiate system
91:
87:
75:
678:
639:
762:
Sippel, M; Trivailo, O; Bussler, L; Lipp, S; Valluchi, C; Kaltenhäuser, S; Molina, R (September 2016),
1053:
van
Foreest, A (2009). "The Progress on the SpaceLiner Design in the Frame of the FAST 20XX Program".
146:
As of 2013, the concept study was funded by DLR's internal resources, as well as in the context of EU-
1256:
1251:
1121:. 19th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, June. 2014
850:
606:
83:
1205:"Staged Combustion Cycle Rocket Engine Subsystem Definition for Future Advanced Passenger Transport"
1141:"System Studies on Active Thermal Protection of a Hypersonic Suborbital Passenger Transport Vehicle"
1185:. 18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. 2012
611:
1180:"Preliminary Multidisciplinary Design Studies on an Upgraded 100 Passenger SpaceLiner Derivative"
593:
1055:
16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and
Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference
217:
1158:
1066:
971:
812:
1116:"Cryogenic Propellant Tank and Feedline Design Studies in the Framework of the CHATT Project"
1058:
963:
858:
804:
531:
960:
18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and
Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference
19:
This article is about the DLR passenger transportation vehicle. For other definitions, see
1087:
616:
467:
33:
854:
1230:
505:
471:
132:
862:
792:
Sippel, M; Schwanekamp, T; Trivailo, O; Kopp, A; Bauer, C; Garbers, N (July 2015),
234:
1021:
153:
952:
880:
793:
127:
771:
IAC-16-D2.4.03, 67th
International Astronautical Congress, Guadalajara, Mexico.
763:
739:
923:
709:
696:
665:
583:
210:
102:
79:
1204:
1115:
285:
1212:
Space
Propulsion 2014, Session 30 - ST - Future Liquid Stages & Engines
1139:
T. Schwanekamp, F. Meyer, T. Reimer, I. Petkov, A, Tröltzsch, M. Siggel.
835:
1062:
967:
808:
687:
1095:
7th European Workshop on Thermal Protection Systems and Hot Structures
1000:
4th CSA-IAA Conference on Advanced Space Technology, September 2011
881:"Advanced Simulations of Reusable Hypersonic Rocket-Powered Stages"
205:
As of 2015, the latest configuration under study at the DLR is the
233:
216:
152:
644:
Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme, Systemanalyse Raumtransport (SART)
114:
1146:. AIAA Aviation Conference, AIAA 2014-2372, Atlanta, June. 2014
993:"Development of the SpaceLiner Concept and its Latest Progress"
764:"Evolution of the SpaceLiner towards a Reusable TSTO-Launcher"
242:
The specifications of the SpaceLiner 7 passenger version are:
123:
119:
1179:
1178:
T. Schwanekamp; J. Bütünley; M. Sippel (24 September 2012).
992:
670:
THE SPACELINER MOVIE 4K ✈ hypersonic travel in the year 2050
924:"Progress of SpaceLiner Rocket-Powered High-Speed Concept"
94:(RLV) capable of delivering heavy payloads into orbit.
794:"SpaceLiner Technical Progress and Mission Definition"
738:
Sippel, M; Klevanski, J; Steelant, J (October 2005),
38:
Artist's impression of the SpaceLiner 7 during ascent
991:
Schwanekamp, T; Bauer, C; Kopp, A (September 2012).
922:
M. Sippel; T. Schwanekamp; O. Trivailo; A. Lentsch.
221:
Classification of possible routes for the SpaceLiner
836:"Promising roadmap alternatives for the SpaceLiner"
59:
51:
43:
157:History of SpaceLiner development up to version 7
953:"Technical Maturation of the SpaceLiner Concept"
733:
731:
113:The SpaceLiner concept consists of a two-stage,
1203:Sippel, M; Schwanekamp, T; et al. (2014).
680:To Australia in 90 minutes at hypersonic speed
653:"New Road Map For DLR's Suborbital SpaceLiner"
8:
1163:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
26:
1029:Journal of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
1022:"Transpiration Cooling Using Liquid Water"
900:
898:
896:
874:
872:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
173:was the first version, conceived in 2005.
32:
25:
917:
915:
829:
827:
757:
755:
476:
244:
16:German concept space hypersonic airliner
727:
478:
246:
1156:
1114:T. Schwanekamp; C. Ludwig; M. Sippel.
7:
115:vertical takeoff, horizontal landing
622:Zero Emission Hyper Sonic Transport
602:Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane
14:
413:3.7 km/s (13,300 km/h)
1247:Space launch vehicles of Germany
1242:Proposed reusable launch systems
586:
951:Sippel, M; et al. (2012).
863:10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.01.020
697:"SpaceLiner - Animation (2012)"
567:Thrust per engine (sea level):
410:7 km/s (25,200 km/h)
1237:Proposed space launch vehicles
545:Specific impulse (sea level):
1:
1020:van Foreest, A; et al.,
512:Mass flow rate (per engine):
501:Combustion chamber pressure:
556:Thrust per engine (vacuum):
436:up to about. 18,000 km
666:"SpaceLiner - Movie (2019)"
463:full-flow staged combustion
381:Main engines cut-off mass:
21:spaceliner (disambiguation)
1273:
834:Sippel, M (Jun–Jul 2010).
627:Earth-to-Earth spaceflight
268:(Australia–Europe mission)
18:
514:
503:
495:
435:
293:
279:
31:
326:Max. fuselage diameter:
92:reusable launch vehicle
88:German Aerospace Center
254:(50 passenger version)
239:
222:
158:
237:
220:
156:
607:Boeing Sonic Cruiser
238:SpaceLiner7 drawings
84:supersonic transport
1183:(PDF; 2370 kB)
1144:(PDF; 2370 kB)
1119:(PDF; 2370 kB)
1086:Garbers, N (2013).
1063:10.2514/6.2009-7438
996:(PDF; 1672 kB)
968:10.2514/6.2012-5850
927:(PDF; 2370 kB)
855:2010AcAau..66.1652S
809:10.2514/6.2015-3582
612:HyperMach SonicStar
441:Number of engines:
400:approx. 75 km
397:approx. 80 km
162:Concept development
86:, conceived at the
82:, winged passenger
74:is a concept for a
28:
1091:(PDF; 138 kB)
849:(11–12): 1652–58.
594:Spaceflight portal
420:Max. Mach number:
240:
223:
159:
1072:978-1-60086-968-6
977:978-1-60086-931-0
843:Acta Astronautica
818:978-1-62410-320-9
577:
576:
520:Expansion ratio:
454:
453:
367:Propellant mass:
269:
262:
255:
69:
68:
1264:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
997:
988:
982:
981:
957:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
928:
919:
910:
909:
902:
891:
890:
885:
876:
867:
866:
840:
831:
822:
821:
798:
789:
774:
773:
768:
759:
750:
749:
744:
735:
717:
710:"The SpaceLiner"
704:
691:
685:
673:
660:
659:, 18 August 2015
647:
640:"The SpaceLiner"
596:
591:
590:
589:
532:Specific impulse
483:Passenger Stage
480:Characteristics
477:
299:Overall height:
274:Overall length:
267:
260:
253:
251:Passenger stage
245:
122:) and hydrogen (
36:
29:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1003:
995:
990:
989:
985:
978:
955:
950:
949:
945:
936:
934:
926:
921:
920:
913:
904:
903:
894:
883:
878:
877:
870:
838:
833:
832:
825:
819:
796:
791:
790:
777:
766:
761:
760:
753:
742:
737:
736:
729:
725:
708:
695:
683:
677:
664:
651:
638:
635:
617:SpaceX Starship
592:
587:
585:
582:
493:Mixture ratio:
488:
484:
468:liquid hydrogen
459:
394:Max. altitude:
266:
259:
252:
232:
164:
111:
64:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1195:
1170:
1131:
1106:
1078:
1071:
1045:
1012:
983:
976:
943:
911:
892:
868:
823:
817:
775:
751:
747:Iac-05-D2.4.09
726:
724:
721:
720:
719:
706:
693:
675:
662:
649:
634:
633:External links
631:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
598:
597:
581:
578:
575:
574:
571:
568:
564:
563:
560:
557:
553:
552:
549:
546:
542:
541:
538:
535:
528:
527:
524:
521:
517:
516:
515:515 kg/s
513:
509:
508:
502:
498:
497:
494:
490:
489:
485:
481:
458:
455:
452:
451:
448:
445:
442:
438:
437:
434:
430:
429:
427:
424:
421:
417:
416:
414:
411:
408:
404:
403:
401:
398:
395:
391:
390:
388:
385:
382:
378:
377:
374:
371:
368:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
350:
349:
346:
343:
340:
336:
335:
333:
330:
327:
323:
322:
320:
317:
314:
313:Cabin length:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
296:
295:
292:
289:
282:
281:
278:
275:
271:
270:
263:
261:(long version)
256:
249:
231:
230:Technical data
228:
163:
160:
110:
107:
105:in the 2040s.
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1269:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1001:
994:
987:
984:
979:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
947:
944:
932:
925:
918:
916:
912:
908:
901:
899:
897:
893:
889:
882:
875:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
830:
828:
824:
820:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
776:
772:
765:
758:
756:
752:
748:
741:
734:
732:
728:
722:
715:
711:
707:
702:
698:
694:
689:
682:
681:
676:
671:
667:
663:
658:
657:Aviation Week
654:
650:
645:
641:
637:
636:
632:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
584:
579:
573:1961 kN
572:
570:1830 kN
569:
566:
565:
562:2206 kN
561:
559:2268 kN
558:
555:
554:
550:
547:
544:
543:
539:
536:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
519:
518:
511:
510:
507:
500:
499:
492:
491:
486:
482:
479:
475:
473:
472:liquid oxygen
469:
466:Furthermore,
464:
456:
449:
446:
443:
440:
439:
432:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
379:
375:
372:
369:
366:
365:
361:
358:
355:
352:
351:
347:
344:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
290:
287:
284:
283:
276:
273:
272:
264:
257:
250:
247:
243:
236:
229:
227:
219:
215:
212:
208:
203:
202:
198:
197:
193:
190:
186:
185:
181:
178:
174:
172:
168:
161:
155:
151:
149:
144:
140:
136:
134:
133:Space Shuttle
129:
125:
121:
116:
108:
106:
104:
100:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
65:50 passengers
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:
30:
22:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:
1198:
1187:. Retrieved
1173:
1148:. Retrieved
1134:
1123:. Retrieved
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:
1081:
1054:
1048:
1037:, retrieved
1032:
1028:
1015:
1004:. Retrieved
999:
986:
959:
946:
935:. Retrieved
930:
907:Ph.D. Thesis
906:
887:
846:
842:
800:
770:
746:
713:
700:
679:
669:
656:
643:
460:
433:Max. range:
407:Max. speed:
376:1502 t
373:1272 t
362:1832 t
359:1467 t
353:Total mass:
339:Empty mass:
316:15.3 m
308:21.5 m
302:12.1 m
294:36.0 m
291:33.0 m
280:82.3 m
277:65.6 m
241:
224:
207:SpaceLiner 7
206:
204:
201:SpaceLiner 6
200:
199:
196:SpaceLiner 5
195:
194:
189:SpaceLiner 4
188:
187:
184:SpaceLiner 3
183:
182:
177:SpaceLiner 2
176:
175:
171:SpaceLiner 1
170:
169:
165:
145:
141:
137:
135:astronauts.
112:
96:
71:
70:
60:Crew members
1257:Spaceplanes
1252:Spaceflight
387:213 t
384:151 t
370:220 t
356:366 t
348:328 t
345:198 t
342:130 t
332:8.6 m
329:6.4 m
305:8.7 m
248:Parameters
99:development
55:under study
1231:Categories
1217:2015-10-14
1189:2013-05-10
1150:2015-10-14
1125:2015-10-14
1100:2014-04-24
1006:2013-05-10
937:2014-04-24
723:References
534:(vacuum):
457:Propulsion
211:delta wing
103:spaceplane
80:hypersonic
76:suborbital
72:SpaceLiner
27:SpaceLiner
1039:26 August
1002:. DE: DLR
686:(video),
286:Wing span
1159:cite web
1057:. AIAA.
1035:(4), DLR
962:. AIAA.
931:IAC 2013
714:You tube
701:You tube
580:See also
118:oxygen (
851:Bibcode
716:(video)
703:(video)
672:(video)
487:Booster
258:Booster
109:Concept
63:2 crew
47:Germany
44:Country
1069:
974:
815:
684:(blog)
551:389 s
548:363 s
540:437 s
537:449 s
52:Status
1208:(PDF)
1025:(PDF)
956:(PDF)
933:. IAF
884:(PDF)
839:(PDF)
797:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
743:(PDF)
690:: DLR
646:, DLR
526:33.0
523:59.0
504:16.0
265:Total
1165:link
1067:ISBN
1041:2015
972:ISBN
813:ISBN
496:6.0
470:and
128:Mach
1059:doi
964:doi
859:doi
805:doi
506:MPa
450:11
426:14
423:24
148:FP7
124:LH2
120:LOX
1233::
1210:.
1161:}}
1157:{{
1093:.
1065:.
1033:23
1031:,
1027:,
998:.
970:.
958:.
929:.
914:^
895:^
886:,
871:^
857:.
847:66
845:.
841:.
826:^
811:,
803:,
799:,
778:^
769:,
754:^
745:,
730:^
712:,
699:,
688:DE
668:,
655:,
642:,
447:9
444:2
319:-
288::
78:,
1220:.
1192:.
1167:)
1153:.
1128:.
1103:.
1075:.
1061::
1009:.
980:.
966::
940:.
865:.
861::
853::
807::
718:.
705:.
692:.
674:.
661:.
648:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
