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709:. The first rover has direct-to-Earth communication. The second rover is designed to change its shape to traverse around the landing site over a short lifespan of two hours. SLIM was launched on September 6, 2023, and reached lunar orbit on 25 December 2023. They two rovers were successfully deployed and landed separately from SLIM shortly before it own landing on 19 January 2024. LEV-1 conducted six hops on lunar surface and LEV-2 imaged SLIM lander on lunar surface.
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444:, and sent back 86 panoramic images and over 80,000 TV pictures. Based on wheel rotations Lunokhod 2 was thought to have covered 37 km (23 mi) but Russian scientists at the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK) have revised that to an estimated distance of about 42.1–42.2 km (26.2–26.2 mi) based on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (
767:
arm and to move in the field of view of the television cameras and stop to make measurements every 1.5 meters. The rover tracks in the
Martian soil would also have been recorded to determine material properties. Because of the crash landing of Mars 2 and the communication failure (15 seconds post landing) of Mars 3, neither rover was deployed.
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while connected to the lander with a 15-meter umbilical. Two small metal rods were used for autonomous obstacle avoidance, as radio signals from Earth would have taken too long to drive the rovers using remote control. The rover was planned to be placed on the surface after landing by a manipulator
501:
ceased operations on 11 May 1973. It was deployed on the Moon on
December 14, 2013, and the rover encountered operational difficulties toward the end of the second lunar day after surviving and recovering successfully the first 14-day lunar night (about a month on the Moon), and was unable to move
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carrier rocket on 23 July 2020, 23:18 UTC. It deployed successfully on Mars at 22 May 2021, 02:40 UTC. It was designed for 90sols (93 Earth days), and operated for 347sols (356.5 Earth days) and travelled 1.921Km/1.194Mi.The rover was deactivated on 20 May 2022 due to an approaching sandstorm and
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region on
November 17. The lander had dual ramps from which Lunokhod 1 could descend to the lunar surface, which it did at 06:28 UT. From November 17, 1970, to November 22, 1970, the rover drove 197 m, and during 10 communication sessions returned 14 close up pictures of the Moon and 12 panoramic
847:
was designed to explore Mars with a small "mole" (Planetary
Undersurface Tool, or PLUTO), to be deployed by the arm. PLUTO had a compressed spring mechanism designed to enable it to move across the surface at a rate of 20 mm per second and to burrow into the ground, collecting a subsurface
654:
has descend from lander belly, on to the Moon's surface, using one of its side panels as a ramp. The rover will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface during its course of its mobility. The rover was deployed on 23 September and was put into sleep mode after completing all its
240:
are concerned, although they still require human input for identifying promising targets in the distance to which to drive, and determining how to position itself to maximize solar energy. Giving a rover some rudimentary visual identification capabilities to make simple distinctions can allow
580:'s lander called Hakuto-R. The rover was launched in November 2022, but was destroyed as the lander crash landed in April 2023. It was equipped with two high-resolution cameras, a microscopic camera to capture small details, and a thermal imaging camera. The rover carried a
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was expected to reactivate in
December 2022, but due to excessive dust accumulation on the solar panel, the rover could not wake itself. On 25 April 2023, chief designer Zhang Rongqiao indicated that the rover could be inactive "forever".
435:
region on
January 15, 1973. Lunokhod 2 descended from the lander's dual ramps to the lunar surface at 01:14 UT on January 16, 1973. Lunokhod 2 operated for about four months, covered 39 km (24 mi) of terrain, including hilly
584:, designed to study the Moon's plasma and will attempt to explain why Moon dust is so sticky. The rover was supposed to study the lunar surface, mobility on the Moon’s surface and how different surfaces interact with lunar particles.
2543:"China's Rover Finds Layers of Surprise Under Moon's Far Side - The Chang'e-4 mission, the first to land on the lunar far side, is demonstrating the promise and peril of using ground-penetrating radar in planetary science"
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The Soviet rover was intended to be the third roving remote-controlled robot on the Moon in 1977. The mission was canceled due to lack of launcher availability and funding, although the rover was built.
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The SLIM lander has two rovers onboard, Lunar
Excursion Vehicle 1 (LEV-1) (hopper) and Lunar Excursion Vehicle 2 (LEV-2), a tiny rover developed by JAXA in joint cooperation with
448:) images of the lunar surface. Subsequent discussions with their American counterparts ended with an agreed-upon final distance of 39 km (24 mi), which has stuck since.
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rover on the surface of Mars in August 2012. The rover is currently helping to determine whether Mars could ever have supported life, and search for evidence of past or present
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on 4 July 1997. From its landing until the final data transmission on 27 September 1997, Mars
Pathfinder returned 16,500 images from the lander and 550 images from
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views. It also analyzed the lunar soil. The last successful communications session with
Lunokhod 1 was on September 14, 1971, having operated for 11 months.
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rover, which operated on the lunar surface for eleven lunar days (321 Earth days) and traversed a total distance of 10.54 km (6.55 mi).
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and was left without a launch vehicle for this mission. The mission now plans to launch no earlier than (NET) 2028 with a landing around 2030.
957:, has set a new "off-world" record as the rover having driven the greatest distance, surpassing the previous record held by the Soviet Union's
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rover. After separation from the launch vehicle a fault occurred preventing it from completing its mission. The spacecraft instead returned to
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mission, it is China's first lunar rover, the first soft landing on the Moon since 1976 and the first rover to operate there since the Soviet
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communication. For example, sending a signal from Mars to Earth takes between 3 and 21 minutes. These rovers are thus capable of operating
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265:-shaped rover that can controllably hop—or even spin out of a sandy sinkhole by corkscrewing upward to escape—for surface exploration of
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Rovers arrive on spacecraft and are used in conditions very distinct from those on the Earth, which makes some demands on their design.
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after the end of the second lunar night, though it continued to gather useful information for some months afterward. In
October 2015,
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1980:"Data Acquisition on the Lunar Surface with a Transformable Lunar Robot, Assisting Development of the Crewed Pressurized Rover"
836:, as well as data from more than 15 chemical analyses of rocks and soil and extensive data on winds and other weather factors.
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rover landed on the Moon in November 1970. It was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on any celestial body. The
245:, successfully demonstrated autonomous navigation, decision-making, and sample detection, retrieval, and return capabilities.
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2008:"This is the Lunar Excursion Vehicle (LEV-2) which will ride to the Moon on the JAXA SLIM spacecraft in the near future"
1527:"New NASA snap of game developer's electric cart FOUND ON MOON: Probe in low pass over Garriott's radioactive tub-rover"
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launch vehicle and has soft landed near south pole of the Moon August 23 at 6.04 PM IST. The 26 kg 6 wheeled rover
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engineers to speed up the reconnaissance. During the NASA Sample Return Robot Centennial Challenge, a rover, named
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613:'s lander called Hakuto-R. It was launched in 2022, but was destroyed as the lander crash landed in April 2023.
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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2108:"Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates"
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spacecraft on November 10, 1970, and it entered lunar orbit on November 15. The spacecraft soft-landed in the
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Other rover designs that do not use wheeled approaches are possible. Mechanisms that utilize "walking" on
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ceased to operate after a total of 31 months, well beyond its original expected lifespan of three months.
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904:. The rover became stuck in late 2009, and its last communication with Earth was sent on March 22, 2010.
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mission, launched in 2020 and landed on Mars on February 18, 2021. It is intended to investigate an
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and scheduled to commence after 1973 (according to the plans of 1970). It was to be launched by a
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In February 2020, Chinese astronomers reported, for the first time, a high-resolution image of a
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Space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of a planet or other celestial body
2007:
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2571:"The Moon's farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang'E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar"
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set the record for the longest operational period for a rover on the Moon. On 31 July 2016,
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949:(MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet. On July 28, 2014, NASA announced that
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558:, when it crash-landed on the Moon on 6 September 2019 and never got the chance to deploy.
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1804:"ISRO to send first Indian into Space by 2022 as announced by PM, says Dr Jitendra Singh"
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sample in a cavity in its tip. Beagle 2 failed while attempting to land on Mars in 2003.
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spacecraft on January 8, 1973, and the spacecraft soft-landed in the eastern edge of the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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mission was successfully launched for Mars. The mission successfully landed the robotic
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2058:"India's Chandrayaan-3 takes the moon's temperature near lunar south pole for 1st time"
1381:"Meet "Hedgehog": Engineers build cube-like rover for exploration of asteroids, comets"
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2141:"Peregrine mission abandons Moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss"
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was the second lunar mission by India, consisting of a lunar orbiter, a lander named
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1572:"Is Opportunity near Lunokhod's distance record? Not as close as we used to think!"
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mission launched 7 December 2018, landed and deployed rover 3 January 2019 on the
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launched Mars Pathfinder on 4 December 1996; it landed on Mars in a region called
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Rovers have to withstand high levels of acceleration, high and low temperatures,
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samples such as dust, soil, rocks, and even liquids. They are essential tools in
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Comparison of distances driven by various wheeled vehicles on the surface of the
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1956:"Japan will send a transforming robot ball to the moon to test lunar rover tech"
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900:(MER-B), landed on the other side of the planet. Its name was chosen through a
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Martian winter, waiting to be self-reactivation during favorable condition.
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1927:"UAE hopes this tiny lunar rover will discover unexplored parts of the moon"
1718:"China's first moon rover has experienced a "mechanical control abnormality"
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638:. It was a re-attempt to demonstrate soft landing, following the failure of
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550:. Launched on 22 July 2019, the mission entered lunar orbit on August 20.
546:. The rover weighing 27 kg, had six wheels and was to be operated on
493:, the goddess of the Moon in Chinese mythology. Launched in 2013 with the
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2397:"China's Mars Rover Has Not Moved Since September, NASA Images Revealed"
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broke the lunar longevity record, previously held by the Soviet Union's
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Peregrine launched towards the Moon on 8 January 2024, taking with it 5
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The Soviet rover was intended to be the first roving remote-controlled
2323:"NASA Long-Lived Mars Opportunity Rover Sets Off-World Driving Record"
303:, but crashed during a failed start of the launcher 19 February 1969.
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Rovers which land on celestial bodies far from the Earth, such as the
142:. Rovers are typically created to land on another planet (other than
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Vikram lander located on lunar surface, wasn't a soft landing: Isro.
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1215:) has designed and carried out early prototyping and testing of the
953:, after having traveled over 40 km (25 mi) on the planet
190:, remaining functional without repair for a needed period of time.
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objectives on 3 September. It later died during that lunar night.
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2416:"China's Mars rover is stuck sleeping after harsh martian winter"
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on January 16, 1973. It was the second roving remote-controlled
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2631:"FAQ: The 'rebirth' of ESA's ExoMars Rosalind Franklin mission"
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of lunar surface and imaged Chang'e 6 lander on lunar surface.
154:, tasked to collect information about the terrain, and to take
5565:
2351:"NASA's Opportunity Rover Sets A Record For Off-World Driving"
1829:"ISRO to deliver "eyes and ears" of Chandrayaan-2 by 2015-end"
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relevant ancient environment on Mars, investigate its surface
1771:"China's Immobile Rover Passes a Purely Figurative Milestone"
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rover on board, which would have moved across the surface on
5552:
Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in
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2250:"China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon"
1733:"Chinese moon lander and rover wake up after weeks of sleep"
824:, the first rover to successfully deploy on another planet.
2378:"First Chinese Mars probe successfully landed with a rover"
1941:"UAE sets new ambitious timeline for launch of moon rover"
403:
was the second of two uncrewed lunar rovers landed on the
2512:
China's Farside Moon Rover Breaks Lunar Longevity Record.
2083:"Mission accomplished, India puts moon rover to 'sleep'"
1752:"Down but not out: Jade Rabbit comes back from the dead"
878:, active from 2004 to 2010. It was one of two rovers of
483:
is a Chinese Moon mission that includes a robotic rover
1786:"China's first moon rover sets record for longest stay"
1720:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 26 January 2014.
1407:"Lunar Lost & Found: The Search for Old Spacecraft"
1307:"Exploring The Planets - Tools of Exploration - Rovers"
216:, cannot be remotely controlled in real-time since the
1341:"Rovers of the future may make decisions on their own"
1360:"NASA Awards $ 750K in Sample Return Robot Challenge"
257:, hopping, rolling, etc. are possible. For example,
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with little assistance from ground control as far as
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device designed to move over the rough surface of a
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4137:
4128:
4108:
4092:
4066:
3990:
3981:
3832:
3732:
3701:
3635:
3626:
3518:
3424:
3342:
3335:
3259:
3218:
3153:
3055:
2946:
2876:
2869:
2787:
2721:
2714:
2459:"NASA Launches Super-Size Rover to Mars: 'Go, Go!'"
3602:Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
3447:Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
1090:and history, including the assessment of its past
2487:"Science Definition Team for the 2020 Mars Rover"
2208:"Japan Becomes Fifth Country to Land on the Moon"
894:on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin,
281:Landing sites of sample return and rover missions
2295:
2293:
924:, active from 2004 to early 2019. Launched from
779:was a Soviet rover (hybrid, with both controls
646:lander. It was launched on 14 July 2023 on the
2229:小型月着陸実証機（SLIM）および小型プローブ（LEV）の月面着陸の結果・成果等 の記者会見
2180:"Palm-Sized Lunar Excursion Vehicle 2 (LEV-2)"
2139:Fisher, Jackie Wattles, Kristin (2024-01-08).
1644:"Opportunity breaks off-world driving record!"
261:researchers have proposed "Hedgehog", a small
5841:
5581:
5530:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
3806:
2665:
2569:Li, Chunlai; et al. (26 February 2020).
2321:Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne (July 28, 2014).
1900:"Launch window for UAE Moon mission revealed"
8:
5510:List of species that have landed on the Moon
2163:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
979:selfie with lander, taken by the deployable
995:rover was a Chinese Mars rover operated by
961:that had traveled 39 km (24 mi).
5890:
5848:
5834:
5826:
5588:
5574:
5566:
5231:
4965:
4134:
3987:
3813:
3799:
3791:
3632:
3528:Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey
3515:
3339:
3256:
2873:
2718:
2672:
2658:
2650:
1334:
1332:
783:and automatic) aimed at Mars, part of the
371:(which landed on the Moon July 30, 1971),
138:crew; others have been partially or fully
5798:List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
3563:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
2606:
2596:
1618:
1250:List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
2527:Howell, Elizabeth (December 19, 2016). "
1098:within accessible geological materials.
902:NASA-sponsored student essay competition
683:, where it disintegrated on 18 January.
631:), consisting of a lunar lander and the
88:
47:
2529:Lunokhod 1: 1st Successful Lunar Rover"
1688:"Chang'e-3 revealed – and its massive!"
1298:
415:. The rover became operational on the
5505:List of artificial objects on the Moon
2156:
627:is a mission by India's space agency (
3432:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
2531:, Space.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
758:landers each had a small 4.5 kg
554:was destroyed along with its lander,
7:
6219:Audi Lunar Quattro ×2 (PTScientists)
5206:International Lunar Research Station
2467:. Associated Press. 26 November 2011
729:also carried a Chinese rover called
609:made a rover to be launched onboard
130:. Some rovers have been designed as
2541:Chang, Kenneth (26 February 2020).
1898:Nasir, Sarwat (19 September 2022).
1860:. September 7, 2019. Archived from
1570:Lakdawalla, Emily (June 21, 2013).
1451:. Ares.jsc.nasa.gov. Archived from
886:mission. It landed successfully on
693:Smart Lander for Investigating Moon
423:to land on any celestial body. The
375:(which landed April 21, 1972), and
218:speed at which radio signals travel
3920:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
2706:List of artificial objects on Mars
1750:McKirdy, Euan (13 February 2014).
1593:Witze, Alexandra (June 19, 2013).
1094:and potential for preservation of
928:on July 7, 2003, it landed on the
572:Rashid was a lunar rover built by
379:(which landed December 11, 1972).
25:
3719:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
2485:Keith Cowing (21 December 2012).
2178:Hirano, Daichi (7 October 2022).
2056:Ravisetti, Monisha (2023-08-28).
1449:"Experiment: Lunar Rover Vehicle"
791:, which never flew successfully.
588:SORA-Q (Hakuto-R Mission 1 rover)
30:For more specific instances, see
5687:
5525:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3407:Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters
2395:Cheung, Rachel (13 March 2023).
2081:Chaturvedi, Arpan (2023-09-03).
1642:Sutherland, S. (July 29, 2014).
1494:Andrew Chaikin (March 1, 2004).
1339:Michael Schirber (8 July 2012).
1165:
922:robotic rover on the planet Mars
489:, named after the pet rabbit of
6350:List of extraterrestrial rovers
5242:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
3578:Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
3384:Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
2433:NASA Staff (26 November 2011).
2260:from the original on 8 May 2024
1954:Elizabeth Howell (2021-05-27).
1854:"Chandrayaan - 2 Latest Update"
1731:Boyle, Alan (12 January 2014).
427:launched Lunokhod 2 aboard the
331:launched Lunokhod 1 aboard the
2414:Hart, Robert (25 April 2023).
1769:Jeff Foust (30 October 2015).
1686:Molnár, László (24 May 2013).
1605:(7454). Nature News: 284–285.
1409:. www.space.com. 27 March 2006
1027:Mars Science Laboratory Rover
943:), three weeks after its twin
935:on January 25, 2004, at 05:05
1:
3533:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
2349:Knapp, Alex (July 29, 2014).
2206:Chang, Kenneth (2024-01-19).
1827:Nair, Avinash (31 May 2015).
1595:"Space rovers in record race"
1525:Lewis Page (March 16, 2012).
6335:List of missions to the Moon
5540:List of crewed lunar landers
5500:List of missions to the Moon
5323:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander
5282:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope
5054:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost
4369:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)
4025:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
2248:Jones, Andrew (6 May 2024).
2106:Belam, Martin (2024-01-08).
1988:(Press release). 27 May 2021
1046:On 26 November 2011, NASA's
5382:International Lunar Network
3457:Mars Exploration Ice Mapper
3402:NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
3378:Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
2746:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
1669:"Trundling Across the Moon"
1500:Air & Space/Smithsonian
1379:Chipman, Ian (2016-02-08).
1211:The European Space Agency (
344:Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle
6419:
1943:. ABC News. 14 April 2021.
1735:. NBC News. Archived from
1358:Hall, Loura (2016-09-08).
1204:
718:
690:
662:
591:
565:
520:
134:to transport members of a
40:
29:
6358:
6345:Rover (space exploration)
6279:Space Exploration Vehicle
5816:
5685:
5548:
4188:List of Apollo astronauts
3781:
3514:
3255:
2840:
2764:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
2691:
2435:"Mars Science Laboratory"
1496:"The Other Moon Landings"
1207:Rosalind Franklin (rover)
1174:This section needs to be
1149:rover while studying the
594:ispace (Japanese company)
5778:Rover embedded computers
5485:Colonization of the Moon
3714:Mars Exploration Program
2696:List of missions to Mars
1929:. CNN. 24 November 2020.
1788:. Xinhua. Archived from
1474:"Luna 21 and Lunokhod 2"
1428:"Luna 17 and Lunokhod 1"
1347:. Mother Nature Network.
1038:Mars Science Laboratory
5711:Mars Science Laboratory
5535:Apollo 11 anniversaries
5372:European Lunar Explorer
4595:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)
2804:Mars Science Laboratory
2279:Советский грунт с Марса
2033:"LVM-3 | Chandrayaan-3"
1692:Pull Space Technologies
1574:. The Planetary Society
1289:, 2007 documentary film
1143:Lunar Penetrating Radar
1078:rover is a part of the
1048:Mars Science Laboratory
908:Mars Exploration Rover
852:Mars Exploration Rover
576:to be launched onboard
527:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)
214:Mars Exploration Rovers
203:in cruise configuration
5647:Mars Exploration Rover
4721:Emirates Lunar Mission
3173:Mars Exploration Rover
2863:
2855:
2847:
2598:10.1126/sciadv.aay6898
2284:April 8, 2010, at the
1784:An (29 October 2015).
1551:. NASA. March 13, 2012
1549:"Lunokhod 2 Revisited"
1313:. 2002. Archived from
1221:rover. As a result of
1157:Planned rover missions
1043:
999:.It was launched from
987:
884:Mars Exploration Rover
866:
864:Mars Exploration Rover
811:
568:Emirates Lunar Mission
477:
476:rover on lunar surface
396:
356:
320:
282:
249:Non-wheeled approaches
204:
101:
86:
85:s wheels on Mars, 2017
72:
6186:Lunar Terrain Vehicle
6100:Peregrine Mission One
6090:Peregrine Mission One
5330:Lunar Orbital Station
4782:Peregrine Mission One
3368:(2024, flyby in 2025)
3360:(2024, flyby in 2025)
2939:(2023, flyby in 2026)
2930:Mars Cube One (MarCO)
2862:
2854:
2846:
2701:List of Mars orbiters
1345:Astrobiology Magazine
1139:lunar ejecta sequence
1037:
1017:Active rover missions
974:
876:robotic rover on Mars
862:
804:
735:infrared spectroscopy
727:sample return mission
665:Peregrine Mission One
659:Peregrine Mission One
620:(Chandrayaan-3 rover)
517:(Chandrayaan-2 rover)
470:
390:
361:Lunar Roving Vehicles
351:
314:
280:
196:
92:
78:
51:
5942:Lunar Roving Vehicle
5793:Lunar Roving Vehicle
5495:List of lunar probes
5490:Google Lunar X Prize
5439:Project Harvest Moon
4552:Lunar Roving Vehicle
4032:(relay satellite at
3724:Mars Next Generation
3683:Permanent settlement
3573:Mars Surveyor Lander
3039:Mars Climate Orbiter
3025:Mars Global Surveyor
1864:on September 8, 2019
1792:on November 2, 2015.
1311:Air and Space Museum
1255:Google Lunar X Prize
1151:far side of the Moon
1119:far side of the Moon
1088:geological processes
540:, and a rover named
354:Lunar Roving Vehicle
220:is far too slow for
41:For other uses, see
6306:Resource Prospector
5520:Apollo 17 Moon mice
5449:Resource Prospector
5377:First Lunar Outpost
5360:Baden-Württemberg 1
5316:Boeing Lunar Lander
4441:Apollo Lunar Module
4255:(propulsion module)
4220:Apollo Lunar Module
3822:Spacecraft missions
2681:Spacecraft missions
2589:2020SciA....6.6898L
2518:. 12 December 2019.
2037:nextspaceflight.com
1888:. 8 September 2019.
1739:on 14 January 2014.
1648:The Weather Network
1611:2013Natur.498..284W
1260:Lander (spacecraft)
1145:(LPR) on board the
707:Doshisha University
607:Doshisha University
291:Lunokhod 0 (No.201)
259:Stanford University
6398:Russian inventions
6331:(2007 documentary)
6224:Deep Space Systems
6196:Hakuto-R Mission 2
6123:Hakuto-R Mission 1
6065:Hakuto-R Mission 1
5875:(2019–present, on
5188:Cislunar Explorers
3709:Mars Scout Program
3548:Mars 4NM & 5NM
3472:Mars Micro Orbiter
3462:Mars Geyser Hopper
2864:
2856:
2848:
2548:The New York Times
2213:The New York Times
1833:The Indian Express
1236:severed ties with
1124:In December 2019,
1044:
988:
867:
812:
681:Earth's atmosphere
478:
397:
357:
321:
283:
269:celestial bodies.
205:
102:
87:
73:
6393:Soviet inventions
6378:Off-road vehicles
6365:
6364:
6264:OrbitBeyond rover
6156:
6155:
5823:
5822:
5783:Crewed Mars rover
5754:Rosalind Franklin
5563:
5562:
5409:Lunar Mission One
5366:#dearMoon project
5339:
5338:
5221:
5220:
5066:Lunar Trailblazer
4955:
4954:
4397:Moon Impact Probe
4124:
4123:
3788:
3787:
3777:
3776:
3748:The Case for Mars
3658:Atmospheric entry
3622:
3621:
3553:Mars 5M (Mars-79)
3510:
3509:
3487:Next Mars Orbiter
3395:Rosalind Franklin
3331:
3330:
3251:
3250:
3106:Mars Polar Lander
2838:
2837:
2732:2001 Mars Odyssey
2301:"Mars Pathfinder"
1673:lroc.sese.asu.edu
1218:Rosalind Franklin
1200:Rosalind Franklin
1195:
1194:
1084:astrobiologically
818:mission included
160:space exploration
140:autonomous robots
136:human spaceflight
114:planetary surface
16:(Redirected from
6410:
6388:Planetary rovers
6328:Tank on the Moon
6244:Luna-Grunt rover
6199:
5891:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5827:
5746:Planned missions
5697:Current missions
5691:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5567:
5232:
5182:Lunar Pathfinder
4966:
4862:Lunar Flashlight
4349:Lunar Prospector
4135:
4016:(service module)
3988:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3792:
3754:Inspiration Mars
3741:The Mars Project
3633:
3516:
3340:
3257:
2874:
2719:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2576:Science Advances
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2519:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
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2455:
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2445:
2430:
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2404:
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2311:
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2265:
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2238:
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2236:
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2203:
2197:
2196:
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2175:
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2103:
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2020:
2018:
2004:
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1997:
1995:
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1759:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1694:. Archived from
1683:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1590:
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1556:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1502:. Archived from
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:. www.zarya.info
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:. www.zarya.info
1424:
1418:
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1367:
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1348:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1303:
1286:Tank on the Moon
1190:
1187:
1181:
1169:
1168:
1161:
959:Lunokhod 2 rover
933:Meridiani Planum
433:Mare Serenitatis
413:Lunokhod program
238:data acquisition
128:celestial bodies
84:
52:Three different
21:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6368:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6354:
6315:
6288:
6202:
6190:
6152:
6121:(2022–2023, on
6105:
6070:
6063:(2022–2023, on
6045:
6008:
5989:(2013–2016, on
5971:
5928:
5911:(1970–1971, on
5903:Lunokhod 0 (1A)
5882:
5859:
5854:
5824:
5819:
5812:
5766:
5741:
5692:
5683:
5626:Mars Pathfinder
5599:
5594:
5564:
5559:
5544:
5515:Lunar resources
5473:
5345:
5335:
5296:
5227:
5217:
5146:
5121:
5072:
5040:
4961:
4951:
4786:
4778:(Chandrayaan-2)
4709:Failed landings
4704:
4624:
4600:(Chandrayaan-3)
4538:
4525:(Chandrayaan-3)
4426:
4373:
4324:Lunar Orbiter 1
4193:
4138:Crewed landings
4130:
4120:
4104:
4088:
4062:
4037:
3983:
3977:
3869:Lunar Precursor
3836:
3828:
3819:
3789:
3784:
3773:
3728:
3697:
3618:
3520:
3506:
3452:Mars Base Alpha
3442:Icebreaker Life
3420:
3327:
3309:Mars 3MS No.170
3261:
3247:
3214:
3149:
3100:Mars Pathfinder
3051:
2942:
2901:Mariner 6 and 7
2865:
2857:
2849:
2834:
2783:
2710:
2687:
2678:
2648:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2583:(9): eaay6898.
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2522:
2514:Leonard David,
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2479:
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2468:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2432:
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2413:
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2408:
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2348:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2286:Wayback Machine
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2247:
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2221:
2205:
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2054:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1925:
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1920:
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1763:
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1744:
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1729:
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1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1685:
1684:
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1667:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1620:10.1038/498284a
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1506:on May 11, 2014
1493:
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1362:
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1356:
1352:
1338:
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1330:
1320:
1318:
1317:on 25 July 2009
1305:
1304:
1300:
1296:
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1209:
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1185:
1182:
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1170:
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1159:
1111:
1104:
1070:
1032:
1024:
1019:
986:
969:
913:
857:
842:
830:Chryse Planitia
816:Mars Pathfinder
810:on Mars in 1997
799:
773:
748:
743:
723:
717:
695:
689:
667:
661:
622:
596:
590:
570:
564:
529:
521:Main articles:
519:
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411:as part of the
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3294:Mars 2M No.521
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3000:Phobos program
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1886:Times of India
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1698:on 6 June 2017
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1529:. The Register
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1205:Main article:
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983:remote camera.
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719:Main article:
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691:Main article:
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663:Main article:
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592:Main article:
589:
586:
582:Langmuir probe
566:Main article:
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384:
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359:NASA included
345:
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274:
271:
250:
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226:near-real-time
209:
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175:
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125:planetary mass
108:(or sometimes
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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6239:Lunar Cruiser
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6040:Chandrayaan-3
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5604:Past missions
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4989:
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4987:Lunar Gateway
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4867:Lunar IceCube
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4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4630:Sample return
4627:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4253:Chandrayaan-3
4251:
4249:
4248:Chandrayaan-1
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4127:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4008:Chandrayaan-2
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3980:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Lunar Orbiter
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3780:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3678:Human mission
3676:
3674:
3673:Sample return
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3018:Mars Observer
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2493:. Science Ref
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2099:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1868:September 11,
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1455:on 2009-03-20
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1177:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1096:biosignatures
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
985:
982:
978:
973:
967:
964:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:
942:
939:(about 13:15
938:
934:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:
911:
907:
905:
903:
899:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:
865:
861:
855:
851:
849:
846:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:
817:
809:
808:
803:
797:
794:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
770:
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
745:
740:
738:
736:
732:
728:
722:
715:
712:
710:
708:
704:
700:
694:
686:
684:
682:
678:
677:
673:rovers and a
672:
666:
658:
656:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:Chandrayaan-2
637:
635:
630:
626:
625:Chandrayaan-3
619:
616:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
587:
585:
583:
579:
575:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:
539:
538:
533:
532:Chandrayaan-2
528:
524:
523:Chandrayaan-2
516:
513:
511:
509:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
475:
474:
469:
463:
460:
458:
451:
449:
447:
443:
439:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
394:
389:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
355:
350:
343:
341:
338:
334:
330:
326:
318:
313:
306:
304:
302:
298:
290:
285:
279:
273:Past missions
272:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
248:
246:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
207:
202:
201:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
173:
171:
165:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:land vehicles
129:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
100:
96:
91:
81:
77:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
50:
44:
37:
33:
19:
6403:Space robots
6344:
6326:
6259:Moon Express
6191:
6177:
6145:) (2024, on
6083:
6058:
6033:
6021:
5997:
5984:
5870:
5857:Lunar rovers
5803:Mars landing
5752:
5724:Perseverance
5722:
5703:
5669:
5661:
5660:Timeline of
5653:
5652:Timeline of
5639:
5633:
5624:
5617:
5553:
5404:Lunar Lander
5391:
5364:
5352:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5208:(late 2020s)
5034:Artemis VIII
5032:
5024:
5016:
5008:
5000:
4992:
4985:
4977:
4812:Chang'e 5-T1
4804:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4439:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4014:Chang'e 5-T1
3927:South Korean
3764:Mars Society
3746:
3739:
3693:Terraforming
3688:Colonization
3614:Voyager Mars
3606:
3594:
3587:
3413:
3393:
3364:
3351:Mangalyaan-2
3350:
3269:Mars 1M No.1
3228:
3208:
3192:
3178:
3166:
3142:
3135:
3129:Schiaparelli
3128:
3120:
3110:Deep Space 2
3099:
3092:
3085:
3045:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
2990:
2983:
2935:
2922:
2915:
2817:Perseverance
2816:
2797:
2776:
2769:
2744:
2739:Mars Express
2737:
2730:
2638:. Retrieved
2634:
2625:
2580:
2574:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2546:
2536:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2490:
2480:
2469:. Retrieved
2462:
2453:
2442:. Retrieved
2428:
2419:
2409:
2400:
2390:
2382:www.golem.de
2381:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2354:
2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2326:
2316:
2305:. Retrieved
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2253:
2243:
2233:, retrieved
2228:
2222:
2211:
2201:
2189:. Retrieved
2183:
2173:
2148:. Retrieved
2144:
2134:
2123:. Retrieved
2112:the Guardian
2111:
2101:
2090:. Retrieved
2086:
2076:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:
2051:
2040:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1983:
1974:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1935:
1921:
1911:20 September
1909:. Retrieved
1905:The National
1903:
1893:
1885:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:the original
1857:
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1822:
1811:. Retrieved
1807:
1798:
1790:the original
1779:
1773:. SpaceNews.
1764:
1755:
1745:
1737:the original
1726:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1696:the original
1691:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1647:
1637:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:the original
1489:
1478:. Retrieved
1468:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:the original
1443:
1432:. Retrieved
1422:
1411:. Retrieved
1401:
1390:. Retrieved
1384:
1374:
1363:. Retrieved
1353:
1344:
1319:. Retrieved
1315:the original
1301:
1284:
1216:
1210:
1199:
1183:
1175:
1146:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1112:
1107:
1092:habitability
1075:Perseverance
1073:
1071:
1066:Perseverance
1065:
1058:life on Mars
1051:
1045:
1039:
1028:
1009:
1005:Long March 5
990:
989:
984:
980:
976:
965:
950:
944:
916:
914:
909:
895:
870:
868:
853:
843:
833:
819:
813:
805:
795:
774:
749:
730:
724:
713:
696:
674:
668:
651:
643:
633:
623:
617:
597:
571:
555:
551:
542:
536:
530:
514:
507:
503:
485:
479:
471:
461:
455:
425:Soviet Union
409:Soviet Union
398:
358:
337:Sea of Rains
329:Soviet Union
322:
294:
255:robotic legs
252:
242:
230:autonomously
225:
221:
211:
198:
177:
169:
109:
105:
103:
79:
68:
58:
18:Space rovers
6249:LUPEX rover
6014:Chandrayaan
5788:Lunar rover
5654:Opportunity
5641:Opportunity
5597:Mars rovers
5434:OrbitBeyond
5344:Cancelled /
5212:Argonaut M1
5170:Beresheet 2
5158:Hakuto-R M2
5026:Artemis VII
4994:Artemis III
4832:Longjiang-1
4726:Hakuto-R M1
4289:Longjiang-2
4264:Explorer 35
3908:Chandrayaan
3834:Exploration
3628:Exploration
3477:MELOS rover
3380:(mid 2020s)
3319:Fobos-Grunt
3193:Opportunity
2635:www.esa.int
2554:27 February
2497:21 December
2017:November 8,
1858:isro.gov.in
1653:January 20,
1270:Lunar rover
1186:August 2018
951:Opportunity
917:Opportunity
910:Opportunity
897:Opportunity
882:'s ongoing
781:telecommand
750:The Soviet
733:to conduct
687:SLIM rovers
599:Takara Tomy
548:solar power
395:lunar rover
319:Lunar Rover
267:low gravity
243:Cataglyphis
197:Mars rover
188:cosmic rays
174:Reliability
117:exploration
32:Lunar rover
6383:Spacecraft
6372:Categories
6340:Mars rover
6300:Lunokhod 3
6254:Moon Diver
6168:MoonRanger
6131:(2024, on
6088:(2024, on
6038:(2023, on
6026:(2019, on
6001:(2024, on
5921:(1973, on
5919:Lunokhod 2
5909:Lunokhod 1
5444:Prospector
5419:Lunokhod 3
5292:Moon Diver
5287:McCandless
5200:MoonRanger
5018:Artemis VI
5002:Artemis IV
4979:Artemis II
4877:Mariner 10
4766:Surveyor 2
4761:OMOTENASHI
4580:Lunokhod 1
4498:Surveyor 1
4259:Clementine
3702:Strategies
3596:Red Dragon
3558:Mars-Aster
3502:Sky-Sailor
3497:Phootprint
3467:Mars-Grunt
3284:2MV-3 No.1
3279:2MV-4 No.1
3231:helicopter
3046:Mangalyaan
2640:2023-06-13
2471:2011-11-26
2444:2011-11-26
2307:2009-03-18
2235:2024-01-25
2191:22 October
2150:2024-01-09
2125:2024-01-08
2092:2023-11-24
2067:2023-11-24
2042:2023-06-13
1992:14 October
1965:2022-10-17
1813:2018-08-29
1808:pib.nic.in
1702:16 January
1480:2009-08-23
1459:2009-03-18
1434:2009-08-23
1413:2009-03-18
1392:2016-02-11
1365:2016-09-17
1294:References
1275:Mars rover
1131:Lunokhod 1
1064:Mars 2020
941:local time
937:Ground UTC
892:Ground UTC
725:Chang'e 6
703:Sony Group
499:Lunokhod 2
452:Lunokhod 3
440:areas and
401:Lunokhod 2
393:Lunokhod 2
383:Lunokhod 2
367:missions:
352:Apollo 15
325:Lunokhod 1
317:Lunokhod 1
307:Lunokhod 1
234:navigation
152:spacecraft
54:Mars rover
36:Mars rover
6293:Cancelled
6284:Team Puli
6192:TENACIOUS
6174:Chang'e 7
6003:Chang'e 6
5991:Chang'e 3
5966:Apollo 17
5956:Apollo 16
5946:Apollo 15
5877:Chang'e 4
5808:Sky crane
5730:Mars 2020
5705:Curiosity
5677:Tianwen-1
5619:Sojourner
5459:Ukrselena
5309:DSE-Alpha
5267:Garatéa-L
5257:Blue Moon
5252:Artemis-7
5176:ispace M3
5141:Chang'e 8
5135:Chang'e 7
5078:Luna-Glob
5010:Artemis V
4892:Pioneer 4
4882:NEA Scout
4857:LunaH-Map
4806:Apollo 13
4716:Beresheet
4695:Chang'e 5
4639:Apollo 11
4558:Apollo 15
4448:Chang'e 5
4379:Impactors
4233:Chang'e 1
4228:Artemis I
4146:Apollo 11
4074:Chang'e 3
4030:Queqiao 1
3944:Luna-Glob
3769:Mars race
3583:NetLander
3543:Marsokhod
3521:proposals
3519:Cancelled
3323:Yinghuo-1
3304:Mariner 8
3299:2M No.522
3289:Mariner 3
3241:Mars 2020
3229:Ingenuity
3167:Sojourner
3143:Tianwen-1
2964:Mariner 9
2891:Mariner 4
2823:Mars 2020
2798:Curiosity
2777:Tianwen-1
2516:Space.com
2401:Vice News
2254:SpaceNews
2120:0261-3077
2062:Space.com
1960:Space.com
1321:3 January
1238:Roscosmos
1115:Chang'e 4
1080:Mars 2020
1053:Curiosity
1040:Curiosity
1029:Curiosity
981:Tianwen-1
890:at 04:35
834:Sojourner
821:Sojourner
807:Sojourner
796:Sojourner
789:N1 rocket
777:Marsokhod
771:Marsokhod
721:Chang'e 6
495:Chang'e 3
481:Chang'e 3
377:Apollo 17
373:Apollo 16
369:Apollo 15
363:in three
222:real-time
200:Sojourner
184:corrosion
123:or other
80:Curiosity
69:Curiosity
59:Sojourner
56:designs:
6234:HERACLES
6207:Proposed
6182:) (2026)
6179:Rashid 2
5895:Lunokhod
5735:timeline
5716:timeline
5454:SELENE-2
5429:MoonRise
5424:MoonLITE
5346:concepts
5272:ISOCHRON
5228:missions
5226:Proposed
4962:missions
4897:Ranger 5
4529:EagleCam
4402:Ranger 4
4206:Apollo 8
4198:Orbiters
4131:missions
4116:ArgoMoon
4048:Tiandu-1
4003:CAPSTONE
3991:Orbiters
3984:missions
3966:Lunokhod
3915:Japanese
3884:Surveyor
3844:American
3837:programs
3733:Advocacy
3668:Aircraft
3636:Concepts
3568:Mars One
3538:Beagle 3
3425:Proposed
3415:Kazachok
3398:) (2028)
3372:EscaPADE
3262:launches
3220:Aircraft
3199:timeline
3185:timeline
3127:ExoMars
3115:Beagle 2
3093:Viking 2
3086:Viking 1
3010:Phobos 2
3005:Phobos 1
2992:Viking 2
2985:Viking 1
2947:Orbiters
2828:timeline
2809:timeline
2752:timeline
2723:Orbiters
2617:32133404
2362:July 29,
2334:July 29,
2282:Archived
2258:Archived
2159:cite web
1838:7 August
1629:23783609
1578:June 26,
1386:Phys.org
1244:See also
1226:invasion
1223:Russia's
1198:ExoMars
1113:Chinese
1001:Wenchang
845:Beagle 2
840:Beagle 2
785:Mars 4NM
208:Autonomy
182:, dust,
180:pressure
166:Features
146:) via a
6320:Related
6269:Polaris
6214:ATHLETE
6161:Planned
6096:Colmena
6035:Pragyan
6023:Pragyan
5964:(1972,
5954:(1972,
5944:(1971,
5923:Luna 21
5913:Luna 17
5771:Related
5760:ExoMars
5671:Zhurong
5554:italics
5478:Related
5399:Lunar-A
5277:LunaNet
5235:Robotic
5202:(2020s)
5196:(2020s)
5190:(2020s)
5164:DESTINY
5118:(2030s)
5116:Luna 31
5112:(2030s)
5110:Luna 30
5106:(2030s)
5104:Luna 29
5098:Luna 28
5092:Luna 27
5086:Luna 26
5062:(2025)
4970:Artemis
4960:Planned
4822:Galileo
4817:Geotail
4680:Luna 16
4620:Jinchan
4432:Landers
4364:SMART-1
4294:Luna 10
4067:Landers
4058:ICUBE-Q
4010:Orbiter
3998:ARTEMIS
3939:Russian
3896:Chang'e
3891:Chinese
3874:Pioneer
3854:Artemis
3824:to the
3653:Landing
3648:Orbiter
3437:DePhine
3390:ExoMars
3343:Planned
3314:Mars 96
3274:1M No.2
3236:flights
3209:Zhurong
3136:InSight
3121:Phoenix
3057:Landers
2917:Rosetta
2779:orbiter
2608:7043921
2585:Bibcode
2087:Reuters
2012:Twitter
1607:Bibcode
1555:May 25,
1533:May 25,
1510:May 25,
1230:Ukraine
1176:updated
1072:NASA's
1010:Zhurong
992:Zhurong
977:Zhurong
966:Zhurong
930:Martian
731:Jinchan
714:Jinchan
671:Colmena
652:Pragyan
634:Pragyan
618:Pragyan
552:Pragyan
543:Pragyan
515:Pragyan
491:Chang'e
429:Luna 21
407:by the
333:Luna 17
299:on the
150:-style
112:) is a
6302:(1977)
6274:Scarab
6170:(2023)
6143:Sora-Q
6119:Sora-Q
6060:Rashid
6051:Rashid
5934:Apollo
5905:(1969)
5872:Yutu-2
5864:Active
5662:Spirit
5635:Spirit
5611:PrOP-M
5354:Altair
5301:Crewed
5214:(2031)
5184:(2026)
5178:(2026)
5172:(2025)
5166:(2025)
5160:(2024)
5151:Others
5143:(2028)
5137:(2026)
5100:(2030)
5094:(2028)
5088:(2027)
5056:(2024)
5037:(2033)
5029:(2032)
5021:(2031)
5013:(2030)
5005:(2028)
4997:(2026)
4982:(2025)
4947:PAS-22
4922:Zond 3
4902:STEREO
4887:Nozomi
4837:Luna 1
4792:Flybys
4776:Vikram
4731:Luna 5
4614:Sora-Q
4544:Rovers
4523:Vikram
4458:Luna 9
4392:Luna 2
4387:LCROSS
4109:Flybys
4100:Yutu-2
4093:Rovers
4020:Danuri
3982:Active
3956:Crewed
3951:Soviet
3932:Danuri
3903:Indian
3879:Ranger
3849:Apollo
3482:MetNet
3386:(2026)
3374:(2024)
3354:(2024)
3336:Future
3260:Failed
3179:Spirit
3161:PrOP-M
3154:Rovers
3145:lander
3080:Mars 7
3075:Mars 6
3070:Mars 3
3065:Mars 2
3032:Nozomi
2974:Mars 5
2969:Mars 4
2959:Mars 3
2954:Mars 2
2936:Psyche
2911:Mars 7
2906:Mars 6
2896:Zond 2
2886:Mars 1
2878:Flybys
2789:Rovers
2715:Active
2615:
2605:
2420:Forbes
2356:Forbes
2303:. NASA
2118:
1627:
1599:Nature
1279:Crewed
1147:Yutu-2
1126:Yutu 2
1108:Yutu-2
946:Spirit
871:Spirit
854:Spirit
760:PrOP-M
756:Mars 3
752:Mars 2
746:PrOP-M
705:, and
644:Vikram
611:Ispace
578:Ispace
562:Rashid
556:Vikram
537:Vikram
442:rilles
438:upland
365:Apollo
148:lander
121:planet
6311:VIPER
6139:LEV-2
6129:LEV-1
5962:LRV-3
5952:LRV-2
5469:VIPER
5262:BOLAS
5247:ALINA
4872:LunIR
4610:LEV-2
4605:LEV-1
4359:PFS-2
4354:PFS-1
4284:LADEE
4279:Hiten
4274:GRAIL
3663:Rover
3643:Flyby
3608:Vesta
3492:PADME
2759:MAVEN
2264:8 May
1265:LORAX
1068:rover
1042:rover
1003:by a
926:Earth
920:is a
874:is a
648:LVM-3
636:rover
574:MBRSC
421:robot
297:robot
156:crust
144:Earth
106:rover
83:'
43:Rover
6194:(on
6147:SLIM
6133:SLIM
6111:JAXA
6085:Iris
6076:CLPS
5986:Yutu
5977:CLEP
5887:Past
5638:and
5464:XL-1
5194:CU-E
5127:CLEP
5060:IM-2
5046:CLPS
4917:Wind
4912:WMAP
4907:TESS
4590:Yutu
4534:IM-1
4129:Past
4084:SLIM
3971:Zond
3961:Luna
3859:CLPS
3826:Moon
3365:Hera
2924:Dawn
2870:Past
2770:Hope
2685:Mars
2613:PMID
2556:2020
2499:2012
2491:NASA
2439:NASA
2364:2014
2336:2014
2328:NASA
2266:2024
2193:2022
2185:JAXA
2165:link
2116:ISSN
2019:2022
1994:2022
1985:JAXA
1913:2022
1870:2019
1840:2016
1704:2018
1655:2023
1625:PMID
1580:2013
1557:2013
1535:2013
1512:2013
1323:2013
1102:Moon
1022:Mars
997:CNSA
955:Mars
888:Mars
880:NASA
826:NASA
814:The
775:The
764:skis
754:and
741:Mars
699:Tomy
676:Iris
629:ISRO
605:and
603:JAXA
525:and
508:Yutu
504:Yutu
486:Yutu
473:Yutu
462:Yutu
417:Moon
405:Moon
399:The
391:The
323:The
315:The
301:Moon
286:Moon
263:cube
236:and
99:Mars
97:and
95:Moon
66:and
34:and
6229:ECA
5387:LEO
4827:ICE
2683:to
2603:PMC
2593:doi
2145:CNN
1756:CNN
1615:doi
1603:498
1234:ESA
1228:of
1213:ESA
642:'s
446:LRO
224:or
64:MER
6374::
5393:LK
4800:4M
4756:25
4751:18
4746:15
4690:24
4685:20
4674:17
4667:16
4660:15
4653:14
4646:12
4572:17
4565:16
4493:24
4488:23
4483:21
4478:20
4473:17
4468:16
4463:13
4444:×6
4319:22
4314:19
4309:14
4304:12
4299:11
4269:49
4213:10
4181:17
4174:16
4167:15
4160:14
4153:12
3321:/
3108:/
2633:.
2611:.
2601:.
2591:.
2579:.
2573:.
2545:.
2489:.
2461:.
2437:.
2418:.
2399:.
2380:.
2353:.
2325:.
2292:^
2256:.
2252:.
2210:.
2182:.
2161:}}
2157:{{
2143:.
2114:.
2110:.
2085:.
2060:.
2035:.
2010:.
1982:.
1958:.
1902:.
1856:.
1831:.
1806:.
1754:.
1690:.
1671:.
1646:.
1623:.
1613:.
1601:.
1597:.
1498:.
1383:.
1343:.
1331:^
1309:.
1232:,
1153:.
1060:.
701:,
601:,
186:,
162:.
104:A
62:,
6198:)
6176:(
6149:)
6141:(
6135:)
6125:)
6102:)
6092:)
6067:)
6042:)
6030:)
6005:)
5993:)
5968:)
5958:)
5948:)
5925:)
5915:)
5879:)
5849:e
5842:t
5835:v
5589:e
5582:t
5575:v
5556:.
4942:8
4937:7
4932:6
4927:5
4852:6
4847:4
4842:3
4771:4
4741:8
4736:7
4700:6
4616:)
4612:(
4585:2
4518:7
4513:6
4508:5
4503:3
4453:6
4422:9
4417:8
4412:7
4407:6
4344:5
4339:4
4334:3
4329:2
4243:5
4238:2
4190:)
4186:(
4079:4
4053:2
4043:2
4039:)
4036:2
4034:L
3814:e
3807:t
3800:v
3392:(
2673:e
2666:t
2659:v
2643:.
2619:.
2595::
2587::
2581:6
2558:.
2501:.
2474:.
2447:.
2422:.
2403:.
2384:.
2366:.
2338:.
2310:.
2268:.
2216:.
2195:.
2167:)
2153:.
2128:.
2095:.
2070:.
2045:.
2021:.
1996:.
1968:.
1915:.
1872:.
1842:.
1816:.
1758:.
1706:.
1675:.
1657:.
1631:.
1617::
1609::
1582:.
1559:.
1537:.
1514:.
1483:.
1462:.
1437:.
1416:.
1395:.
1368:.
1325:.
1281:)
1277:(
1188:)
1184:(
1178:.
45:.
38:.
20:)
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