282:. The form of planning largely diverges and co-evolves with societies and their governance systems. Every country, and states within those countries, have a unique planning systems that is made up by different actors, different planning perspectives and a particular institutional framework. Perspectives, actors and institutions change over time, influencing both the form and the impact of spatial planning. Especially in Northwestern Europe spatial planning has evolved greatly since the late 1950s. Until the 1990s, the term ‘spatial’ was used primarily to refer to the way that planning should deal with more than simply zoning, land use planning, or the design of the physical form of cities or regions, but also should address the more complex issues of the spatial relationship of activities such as employment, homes and leisure uses.
77:
3788:
4182:
3629:
4172:
2101:. The term was defined in a "scoping document" in Rotterdam in late 2004 and is being elaborated further using empirical data from the ESPON programme in a document entitled "The Territorial State and Perspectives of the European Union". At the minister's conference in May 2007 in Leipzig, a political document called the "Territorial Agenda" was signed to continue the process begun in
36:
3617:
3651:
207:
139:
229:
mediates between the respective claims on space of the state, market, and community. In so doing, three different mechanisms of involving stakeholders, integrating sectoral policies and promoting development projects mark the three schools of transformative strategy formulation, innovation action and
233:
Spatial planning systems refer to the methods and approaches used by the public and private sector to influence the distribution of people and activities in spaces of various scales. Spatial planning can be defined as the coordination of practices and policies affecting spatial organization. Spatial
272:
Regional/spatial planning gives geographical expression to the economic, social, cultural and ecological policies of society. It is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a
269:
An early definition of spatial planning comes from the
European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter (often called the 'Torremolinos Charter'), adopted in 1983 by the European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning (CEMAT):
335:
2089:
has no formal authority for spatial planning, the ESDP has influenced spatial planning policy in
European regions and member states, and placed the coordination of EU sectoral policies on the political agenda.
2224:
Van Assche, K., Beunen, R., Duineveld, M., & de Jong, H. (2013). Co-evolutions of planning and design: Risks and benefits of design perspectives in planning systems. Planning Theory, 12(2), 177-198.
238:
in the United States but at larger scales and the term is often used in reference to planning efforts in
European countries. Discrete professional disciplines which involve spatial planning include
2263:
Van Assche, K., & Verschraegen, G. (2008). The limits of planning: Niklas
Luhmann's systems theory and the analysis of planning and planning ambitions. Planning theory, 7(3), 263-283.
388:
3689:
266:, as well as maritime spatial planning. Spatial planning takes place on local, regional, national and inter-national levels and often results in the creation of a spatial plan.
377:
157:
2097:
is becoming more widely used and is for example mentioned in the draft EU Treaty (Constitution) as a shared competency of the
European Union; it is also included in the
3461:
4190:
324:
4200:
3117:
2160:
416:
406:
2215:
Ziafati
Bafarasat, A., 2015. Reflections on the three schools of thought on strategic spatial planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 30(2), pp.132-148.
3682:
3408:
4210:
2689:
2481:
2129:
2082:
2064:
1938:
1473:
1215:
1086:
997:
489:
4205:
347:
2085:(ESDP) was signed by the ministers responsible for regional planning in the EU member states. Although the ESDP has no binding status, and the
4185:
3675:
3508:
2416:
2388:
2377:
2366:
2272:
Gunder, M., & Hillier, J. (2009). Planning in ten words or less: A Lacanian entanglement with spatial planning. Ashgate
Publishing, Ltd.
3441:
2038:
1961:
1915:
1869:
1823:
1786:
1665:
1622:
1582:
1536:
1447:
1410:
1367:
1327:
1284:
1238:
1192:
1152:
1109:
1057:
968:
919:
873:
827:
784:
750:
707:
667:
587:
98:
2760:
358:
4090:
2905:
2165:
2299:
193:
175:
120:
63:
49:
2456:- Vision and Strategies around the Baltic Sea - Baltic Sea Region intergovernmental cooperation in spatial planning and development
2511:
3954:
3518:
3286:
3157:
2712:
4075:
3513:
3401:
2783:
2562:
211:
2397:
Spatial
Planning - Key Instrument for Development and Effective Governance with Special Reference to Countries in Transition
294:
systems can be found. Below is a table showing some of the main sources, the countries covered and the date of publication.
4195:
4100:
3246:
3698:
3396:
2862:
2755:
2717:
2474:
2180:
2234:
1830:
1632:
1377:
929:
714:
554:
4105:
3737:
3477:
3456:
3431:
2185:
91:
85:
4070:
3722:
3482:
3451:
2882:
2765:
2740:
2506:
1737:
4231:
4050:
3654:
3644:
2613:
2516:
2501:
102:
4030:
3752:
3503:
3487:
3446:
3391:
3321:
3266:
3092:
2670:
2660:
2655:
1905:
1702:
1572:
1526:
1320:
1277:
1047:
909:
866:
817:
626:
1848:
1768:
1687:
1512:
1346:
1303:
1033:
569:
3865:
3757:
3732:
3712:
3633:
3595:
3580:
3436:
3326:
2935:
2822:
2750:
2732:
2722:
2467:
4120:
4045:
4025:
3974:
3969:
3747:
3639:
3575:
3331:
3053:
2890:
2699:
2607:
2145:
2124:
2094:
255:
2429:
459:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3842:
3742:
3550:
3361:
3167:
3107:
3002:
55:
4155:
4095:
4065:
3934:
3895:
3870:
3835:
3812:
3717:
3112:
3102:
3048:
2832:
2775:
2707:
2057:
1466:
1076:
987:
273:
balanced regional development and the physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy
2372:
Gerhard
Larsson, Spatial Planning Systems in Western Europe - An Overview, Delft Univ Press (2006),
2043:
1920:
1874:
1627:
1452:
1372:
1243:
1197:
1114:
1062:
973:
924:
832:
672:
592:
454:
3727:
3132:
3069:
3043:
2852:
2837:
2175:
1183:
4171:
2336:
4175:
3929:
3351:
3033:
2572:
1992:
1696:
263:
251:
2291:
4130:
4125:
4057:
3875:
3830:
3817:
3772:
3545:
3371:
3176:
2996:
2827:
2817:
2745:
2681:
2634:
2602:
2577:
2567:
2542:
2412:
2384:
2373:
2362:
2295:
2170:
2150:
1008:
259:
247:
239:
4110:
3999:
3850:
3777:
3570:
3256:
2967:
2920:
2867:
2283:
2098:
444:
2106:
3994:
3981:
3959:
3944:
3855:
3767:
3600:
3560:
3306:
3261:
3191:
2915:
2910:
2155:
1484:
219:
3231:
3787:
4140:
3311:
3291:
3271:
3251:
3241:
3236:
3181:
3078:
3074:
3063:
2895:
2872:
2812:
2490:
2383:
Gerhard
Larsson, Land management as Public Policy, University Press of America (2010),
2190:
2086:
2033:
2026:
1910:
1864:
1577:
1531:
1442:
1233:
1052:
963:
914:
822:
775:
243:
235:
215:
4225:
4150:
4080:
4037:
4004:
3989:
3807:
3762:
3621:
3590:
3585:
3555:
3366:
3316:
3221:
3152:
3142:
3127:
3058:
3012:
2991:
2952:
2925:
2665:
2624:
2284:
3939:
3917:
3912:
3902:
3540:
3301:
3296:
3186:
3172:
3137:
3088:
2984:
2943:
2857:
2847:
2629:
2396:
2195:
2119:
3907:
3802:
3356:
3281:
3162:
3147:
3122:
2972:
2962:
1952:
1435:
3667:
1945:
1730:
1606:
1351:
1308:
1093:
949:
897:
854:
210:
The graphical scheme of the Detailed Urbanist Plan for a settlement within the
3949:
3822:
3276:
2957:
2532:
1358:
1752:
1674:
1499:
1161:
1121:
719:
522:
3565:
3195:
3038:
2435:
2134:
2102:
1560:
1315:
651:
17:
2052:
2009:
1972:
1929:
1883:
1797:
1757:
1717:
1639:
1593:
1547:
1461:
1384:
1252:
1206:
1166:
1126:
1071:
982:
936:
884:
841:
795:
724:
681:
601:
3924:
3017:
3007:
2979:
2947:
2900:
2639:
2557:
2552:
1814:
1777:
1613:
698:
3097:
2139:
1656:
1143:
1042:
904:
861:
812:
658:
621:
578:
541:
507:
206:
2444:- European Observation Network on Territorial Development and Cohesion
477:
3200:
3083:
2547:
1900:
1567:
1521:
1272:
1100:
956:
741:
336:
European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion
314:
2432:- European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning
2842:
2401:
1857:
1401:
1226:
279:
205:
2459:
2537:
3671:
2463:
132:
70:
29:
2254:
Allmendinger, P. (2009). Planning theory. Palgrave Macmillan.
2359:
The Making of the European Spatial Development Perspective
1979:
1841:
1259:
1081:
992:
608:
483:
471:
2447:
439:
2453:
495:
389:
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
369:
European Space and Territorial Integration Alternative
153:
2441:
2315:
449:
2142:- International Society of City and Regional Planners
500:
426:
258:. Other related areas are also important, including
4015:
3795:
3705:
3531:
3496:
3470:
3424:
3417:
3384:
3344:
3220:
3213:
3026:
2934:
2881:
2805:
2796:
2774:
2731:
2698:
2680:
2648:
2595:
2586:
2525:
2337:"Microsoft Word - TSP-First-Draft-as-of-260606.doc"
378:
International Society of City and Regional Planners
148:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
361:responsible for Regional/Spatial Planning
327:Action on Green Structures and Urban Planning
3683:
2475:
2161:Permeability (spatial and transport planning)
417:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
234:planning is synonymous with the practices of
8:
27:Technique for physical organisation of space
427:Vision and Strategies around the Baltic Sea
407:Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution
278:Numerous planning systems exist around the
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3690:
3676:
3668:
3421:
3217:
2802:
2592:
2482:
2468:
2460:
2409:European union spatial policy and planning
2438:- European Journal of Spatial Development
194:Learn how and when to remove this message
176:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:, without removing the technical details.
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
2690:Regional Planning Association of America
2130:European Spatial Development Perspective
2083:European Spatial Development Perspective
433:
84:This article includes a list of general
2208:
348:Directorate-General for Regional Policy
158:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
3650:
2761:Professional transportation planner
398:Legal Systems for Spatial Planning
2450:- The European Journal of Planning
2166:Principles of Intelligent Urbanism
286:Spatial planning systems in Europe
90:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
230:performance in spatial planning
45:This article has multiple issues.
4181:
4180:
4170:
3786:
3649:
3628:
3627:
3615:
2093:At the European level, the term
137:
75:
34:
3955:Science, technology and society
3158:Transferable development rights
2713:Environmental impact assessment
2357:Andreas Faludi, Bas Waterhout,
2081:In 1999, a document called the
53:or discuss these issues on the
2784:Community economic development
2563:Planning and zoning commission
1:
2400:, Report ECE/HBP/146, Geneva
292:compendia of spatial planning
3699:Environmental social science
3397:Planning Accreditation Board
2756:Transit-oriented development
2718:Recreation resource planning
2181:Territorial spatial planning
146:This article's lead section
3738:Environmental communication
2186:Unified settlement planning
4248:
3723:Environmental anthropology
3409:Professional organizations
2766:Urban freight distribution
2741:Transportation forecasting
4166:
3784:
3645:List of planning journals
3609:
2614:History of urban planning
2497:
2361:, London Routledge 2002.
2105:, revised in May 2011 in
2077:European spatial planning
299:
3753:Environmental psychology
3581:Marine spatial planning
3093:Healthy community design
2671:Village design statement
2661:Preservation development
2656:Conservation development
2286:Encyclopedia of the City
212:Municipality of Aerodrom
3758:Environmental sociology
3733:Environmental economics
3713:Ecological anthropology
3596:Real estate development
3327:List of urban theorists
2823:City Beautiful movement
2751:Rational planning model
2733:Transportation planning
2723:Sustainable development
2411:, London Chapman 1996.
359:Conference of Ministers
338:COMPASS project
105:more precise citations.
3748:Environmental politics
3640:List of planned cities
3576:Landscape architecture
3332:List of urban planners
3054:Conservation community
2891:Collaborative planning
2700:Environmental planning
2608:Comprehensive planning
2290:. Routledge. pp.
2146:Landscape architecture
2125:Comprehensive planning
256:environmental planning
223:
3843:Ecological humanities
3743:Environmental history
3551:Development economics
3402:Real estate education
3362:James Howard Kunstler
3287:Konstantinos Doxiadis
3168:Urban growth boundary
3108:Mixed-use development
3003:Intentional community
2407:Richard H. Williams,
2282:Caves, R. W. (2004).
209:
3935:Integrated geography
3813:Behavioral geography
3718:Ecological economics
3103:Leapfrog development
3049:Complete Communities
2906:Intelligent urbanism
2833:Garden city movement
2776:Economic development
2708:Environmental design
2095:territorial cohesion
4206:Research institutes
3728:Environmental crime
3509:Communist countries
3133:Planning Permission
3070:Filtering (housing)
3044:Cluster development
2853:Settlement movement
2838:Indigenous planning
2237:. Council of Europe
2235:"Council of Europe"
2176:Spatial Citizenship
4176:Environment portal
3930:Industrial ecology
3392:Planning education
3352:Elizabeth Farrelly
3196:High-rise urbanism
3034:Affordable housing
2573:World Urbanism Day
1697:Russian Federation
264:community planning
224:
4219:
4218:
4058:Green criminology
3818:Community studies
3773:Political ecology
3665:
3664:
3622:Cities portal
3546:Civil engineering
3527:
3526:
3380:
3379:
3209:
3208:
3177:Peri-urbanisation
2997:Planned community
2828:Dark-sky movement
2818:Car-free movement
2792:
2791:
2746:Trip distribution
2682:Regional planning
2635:Urban green space
2603:Land-use planning
2578:Labor market area
2568:Growth management
2543:Metropolitan area
2417:978-1-85396-305-6
2389:978-0-7618-5248-3
2378:978-1-58603-656-0
2367:978-0-415-27264-3
2171:Regional planning
2151:Land use planning
2074:
2073:
432:
431:
315:COMmon MINdscapes
204:
203:
196:
186:
185:
178:
131:
130:
123:
68:
16:(Redirected from
4239:
4232:Spatial planning
4184:
4183:
4174:
4106:natural resource
3790:
3778:Regional science
3692:
3685:
3678:
3669:
3653:
3652:
3631:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3571:Land development
3422:
3257:Donald Appleyard
3218:
2968:Mining community
2921:Radical planning
2868:Transition towns
2803:
2619:Spatial planning
2593:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2461:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2289:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2099:Treaty of Lisbon
467:
434:
306:(left to right)
305:
297:
296:
227:Spatial planning
199:
192:
181:
174:
170:
167:
161:
141:
140:
133:
126:
119:
115:
112:
106:
101:this article by
92:inline citations
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71:
60:
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21:
4247:
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4242:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4162:
4011:
3982:Systems ecology
3966:Sustainability
3960:science studies
3945:Rural sociology
3791:
3782:
3768:Human geography
3701:
3696:
3666:
3661:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3601:Social sciences
3561:Urban economics
3533:
3523:
3492:
3466:
3413:
3376:
3340:
3307:Peter Calthorpe
3262:Ebenezer Howard
3223:
3205:
3192:Verticalization
3022:
2930:
2916:Market urbanism
2911:Livable streets
2877:
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2770:
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2694:
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2521:
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2319:
2314:
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2309:
2302:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2156:Location theory
2115:
2079:
1485:North Macedonia
465:
343: DG-REGIO
321: COST C11
301:
288:
220:North Macedonia
200:
189:
188:
187:
182:
171:
165:
162:
154:help improve it
151:
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127:
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97:Please help to
96:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
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4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3984:
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3978:
3977:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:Environmental
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3462:United Kingdom
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3442:Czech Republic
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3372:Randal O'Toole
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3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Patrick Geddes
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3292:Kevin A. Lynch
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3272:Guy Benveniste
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:Daniel Burnham
3249:
3247:Colin Buchanan
3244:
3242:Clarence Stein
3239:
3237:Clarence Perry
3234:
3228:
3226:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3189:
3184:
3182:Urban vitality
3179:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:Healthy cities
3086:
3081:
3079:Brusselization
3075:Gentrification
3072:
3067:
3064:Eminent domain
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2936:Cities by type
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Context theory
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:Athens Charter
2809:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2729:
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2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2491:Urban planning
2489:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2425:
2424:External links
2422:
2421:
2420:
2405:
2392:
2381:
2370:
2352:
2351:
2328:
2307:
2300:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2226:
2217:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2191:Urban planning
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2087:European Union
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:United Kingdom
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1989:
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1112:
1107:
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1103:
1097:
1096:
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1089:
1084:
1079:
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1069:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
978:
976:
971:
966:
961:
959:
953:
952:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
934:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
901:
900:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
882:
880:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
858:
857:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
839:
837:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
793:
791:
789:
787:
782:
780:
778:
776:Czech Republic
772:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
748:
746:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
722:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
701:
695:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
679:
677:
675:
670:
665:
663:
661:
655:
654:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
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633:
631:
629:
624:
618:
617:
615:
613:
611:
606:
604:
599:
597:
595:
590:
585:
583:
581:
575:
574:
572:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
538:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
504:
503:
498:
493:
486:
481:
474:
469:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
430:
429:
424:
420:
419:
414:
410:
409:
404:
400:
399:
396:
392:
391:
385:
381:
380:
375:
374: ISOCARP
371:
370:
367:
363:
362:
355:
351:
350:
344:
340:
339:
333:
329:
328:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
307:
303:Key to columns
287:
284:
236:urban planning
216:City of Skopje
202:
201:
184:
183:
145:
143:
136:
129:
128:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4244:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4157:
4156:environmental
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4121:environmental
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:environmental
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:environmental
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4051:environmental
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4038:Ecopsychology
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:Architecture
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3836:environmental
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:Anthrozoology
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3763:Human ecology
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Public policy
3589:
3587:
3586:Public health
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:Urban ecology
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3520:
3519:Ancient Egypt
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Lewis Mumford
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Raymond Unwin
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3224:practitioners
3219:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Tract housing
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:Temporary use
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Planning gain
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Creative city
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:Urban village
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Model village
2990:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:Commuter town
2951:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2926:Urban renewal
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Structuralism
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Rural housing
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Redevelopment
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2301:9780415252256
2297:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
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395: LEXALP
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166:November 2023
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4135:
4076:occupational
4071:epidemiology
4042:Engineering
3940:Permaculture
3903:Ethnobiology
3655:
3632:
3613:
3541:Architecture
3514:Nazi Germany
3322:Thomas Adams
3302:Loretta Lees
3297:Le Corbusier
3267:Edmund Bacon
3232:Andrés Duany
3187:Urbanization
3173:Urban sprawl
3138:Rural flight
3118:Permeability
3113:Model cities
2985:Logging camp
2944:Company town
2858:Smart growth
2848:New Urbanism
2630:Urban design
2618:
2408:
2395:
2358:
2343:. Retrieved
2331:
2320:. Retrieved
2310:
2285:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2239:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2211:
2196:Urban sprawl
2120:Architecture
2092:
2080:
1184:Rep. Ireland
423: VASAB
413: UNECE
366: ESTIA
354: CEMAT
332: ESPON
302:
291:
289:
277:
271:
268:
232:
226:
225:
190:
172:
163:
147:
117:
108:
89:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
18:Spatial plan
4087:Management
4031:sustainable
3803:Agroecology
3534:disciplines
3357:Jane Jacobs
3282:James Rouse
3163:Urban decay
3148:Third place
3123:Placemaking
2973:Pit village
2963:Global city
1953:Switzerland
1436:Netherlands
403: RCEP
384: MLIT
103:introducing
4046:ecological
4000:metabolism
3950:Sexecology
3847:Economics
3831:ecological
3823:Demography
3277:Ian McHarg
3222:Theorists/
2999:(New town)
2958:Ghost town
2797:Concepts/
2533:Urban area
2345:2013-06-26
2322:2013-06-26
2318:. espon.eu
2316:"espon.eu"
2241:2013-10-06
2203:References
1359:Luxembourg
86:references
50:improve it
4117:Planning
4096:fisheries
4026:landscape
3995:geography
3866:education
3566:Geography
3478:Barcelona
3457:Singapore
3432:Australia
3425:Countries
3039:Cityscape
2806:Movements
2135:Geography
2103:Rotterdam
1316:Lithuania
387:Japanese
357:European
346:European
252:transport
56:talk page
4226:Category
4211:Scholars
4201:Journals
4191:Concepts
4186:Category
4131:regional
4126:land use
3925:Forestry
3634:Category
3483:Shanghai
3385:Training
3027:Concepts
3018:Boomtown
3008:Arcology
2980:Man camp
2948:Monotown
2901:Ekistics
2883:Theories
2799:theories
2640:Urbanism
2589:branches
2558:Planning
2553:Land use
2507:Theories
2113:See also
1815:Slovenia
1778:Slovakia
1614:Portugal
699:Bulgaria
455:DG-REGIO
445:COST C11
290:Various
260:economic
248:regional
240:land use
111:May 2011
4196:Degrees
4147:Policy
4136:spatial
4062:Health
4016:Applied
4005:studies
3990:ecology
3975:studies
3970:science
3918:zoology
3913:ecology
3891:justice
3886:studies
3881:science
3827:Design
3796:Related
3656:Commons
3532:Related
3345:Critics
3098:LEED-ND
2596:General
2526:General
2517:Outline
2502:History
2394:UNECE,
2140:ISOCARP
2107:Gödöllő
1699:
1657:Romania
1144:Hungary
1043:Germany
1009:Georgia
905:Finland
862:Estonia
813:Denmark
659:Belgium
622:Belarus
579:Austria
542:Armenia
508:Albania
492:
480:
472:ISOCARP
468:
464:
300:
214:in the
152:Please
99:improve
4151:energy
4101:forest
4081:public
3986:Urban
3908:botany
3896:racism
3871:ethics
3856:thermo
3851:energy
3706:Fields
3504:Africa
3488:Sydney
3471:Cities
3452:Serbia
3447:Russia
3418:Places
3214:People
3201:Zoning
3084:Infill
2548:Suburb
2448:Planum
2415:
2387:
2376:
2365:
2298:
1993:Turkey
1901:Sweden
1738:Serbia
1568:Poland
1522:Norway
1273:Latvia
1101:Greece
957:France
742:Cyprus
488:
484:LEXALP
476:
440:COMMIN
88:, but
4141:urban
4111:waste
3497:Other
3437:China
2873:YIMBY
2843:NIMBY
2649:Rural
2621:(Eur)
2587:Major
2512:Index
2454:VASAB
2442:ESPON
2430:CEMAT
2404:2008.
2402:UNECE
2340:(PDF)
1858:Spain
1402:Malta
1227:Italy
501:VASAB
496:UNECE
466:ESTIA
460:CEMAT
450:ESPON
280:world
244:urban
3066:(US)
2673:(UK)
2610:(US)
2538:City
2436:EJSD
2413:ISBN
2385:ISBN
2374:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2065:2000
2058:2007
2053:2008
2044:1997
2039:2007
2034:2005
2010:2008
1980:2008
1973:2008
1962:2007
1946:2018
1939:2000
1930:2008
1921:1997
1916:2007
1911:2005
1906:2007
1884:2008
1875:1997
1870:2007
1865:2005
1849:1997
1842:2008
1831:2003
1824:2007
1798:2008
1787:2007
1769:2007
1758:2008
1753:2000
1731:2020
1718:2008
1703:2007
1688:2001
1675:2000
1666:2007
1640:2008
1633:2004
1628:1997
1623:2007
1607:2018
1594:2008
1583:2007
1578:2005
1573:2007
1561:2000
1548:2008
1537:2007
1532:2005
1527:2007
1513:2002
1500:2000
1474:2000
1467:2007
1462:2008
1453:1997
1448:2007
1443:2005
1411:2007
1385:2008
1378:2006
1373:1997
1368:2007
1352:2018
1347:1998
1328:2007
1321:2007
1309:2018
1304:1998
1285:2007
1278:2007
1260:2008
1253:2008
1244:1997
1239:2007
1234:2005
1216:2000
1207:2008
1198:1997
1193:2007
1167:2008
1162:2000
1153:2007
1127:2008
1122:2000
1115:1997
1110:2007
1094:2019
1087:2000
1082:2008
1077:2007
1072:2008
1063:1997
1058:2007
1053:2005
1048:2007
1034:2003
998:2000
993:2008
988:2007
983:2008
974:1997
969:2007
964:2005
950:2018
937:2008
930:2005
925:1997
920:2007
915:2005
910:2007
898:2018
885:2008
874:2007
867:2007
855:2019
842:2008
833:1997
828:2007
823:2005
818:2007
796:2008
785:2007
751:2007
725:2008
720:2000
715:2003
708:2007
682:2008
673:1997
668:2007
652:2000
627:2007
609:2008
602:2008
593:1997
588:2007
570:2000
555:2006
523:2000
490:RCEP
478:MLIT
325:COST
262:and
254:and
3876:law
2292:624
275:."
156:to
4228::
3194:/
3175:/
3091:/
3077:/
2946:/
2294:.
2109:.
250:,
246:,
242:,
218:,
59:.
3691:e
3684:t
3677:v
2483:e
2476:t
2469:v
2419:.
2391:.
2380:.
2369:.
2348:.
2325:.
2304:.
2244:.
270:"
222:.
197:)
191:(
179:)
173:(
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164:(
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124:)
118:(
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109:(
95:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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