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646:. News of the search reached Tulsa, where Williams was sought out by a local radio station that was aware of his previous work in race films. A Catholic priest, who was a radio listener and a friend, was the key to the whereabouts of Williams. He was working in Tulsa as the head of a vocational school for veterans when the casting call went out. Williams successfully auditioned for Gosden and Correll, and he was cast as Andrew H. Brown. Williams was joined in the cast by New York theater actor
384:(1939). Buell’s idea to hire Williams revolved around his ability to captivate the audience with his showmanship. Williams’ involvement in these films gave him a valuable learning experience in the black film genre. Although these films were considered to be crude films in their creation, Williams got the opportunity to start directing here and there even though his control was scarce.
769:, in his time, Williams was considered one of the few successful black Americans involved in the film industry during this period. Recognition for Williams’ work as a film director came years after his death, when film historians began to rediscover the race films. Some of Williams’ films were considered lost until they were located in a
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440:(1941), was produced by his own company, Amegro, on a $ 5,000 budget using non-professional actors for his cast. It was the first film he directed and Williams also wrote the screenplay. A religious fantasy about the struggle for a dying’ Christian woman’s soul, the film was a major commercial success. Sack declared
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to local U.S. television stations and sold the program to television networks in other countries. The program was eventually pulled from release in 1966, under pressure from civil rights groups that stated it offered a negatively distorted view of
African American life. The show would not be seen on
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With his own film projector, Williams began traveling in the southern US, showing his films to audiences there. During this time, he met
William H. Kier, who was also traveling the same circuit showing films. The two formed a partnership and produced some motion pictures, training films for the Army
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going to federal court to achieve an injunction to halt its premiere. In August 1953, after the program had recently left the air, there were plans to turn it into a vaudeville act with
Williams, Moore and Childress reprising their television roles. It is not known if there were any performances.
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He found steady work after arriving in
California apart from a short period in 1926 where there were no roles for him; he then went to work as an immigration officer. In 1927, Williams was working for the First National Studio, going on location to Topaz, Arizona to shoot footage for a film called
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When friends and family from
Vidalia, Louisiana were interviewed for a local newspaper article in 2001, he was remembered as a happy person, who was always singing or whistling and telling jokes. His younger cousins also recalled his generosity with them for "candy money"; just as he was seen on
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Due to the pressures of the depression coupled with the lowering demand for black short films, Williams and
Christie separated ways. Williams struggled for employment during the years of the Depression and would only occasionally be cast in small roles. Movies included a brief appearance in
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There were problems that the producers faced with the technical aspects of the film. Despite these issues, Williams used his expertise to help with the camera, special effects and symbolism. The themes that he used in the film helped the film receive praise. Religious themes, including
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During the 1930s, Williams secured small roles in race films, a genre of low-budget, independently-produced films with all-black casts that were created solely for exhibition in racially segregated theaters. Williams also created two screenplays for race film production: the
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By 1931, Williams and a partner had founded their own movie and newsreel company called the
Lincoln Talking Pictures Company. The company was self-financed. Williams, who had experience in sound technology, built the equipment, including a sound truck, for his new venture.
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Despite his contribution as a pioneer in black
American film of the 1930s and the 1940s, Williams was almost completely forgotten after his death. While even to this day his legacy doesn’t enjoy the same recognition and praise that other black film pioneers such as
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406:. Besides being a film production company, Sack also had interests in movie theaters. He had more than one name for his ventures; they were also known as Sack Attractions and Harlemwood Studios. Sack produced films under all of his company's various names.
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as the best overall primitive film that
Williams made. Just like that movie, Williams directed, wrote the screenplay, and acted in the film. He gained inspiration for the story of the screenplay from the fable of the same name, written by the poet
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as being "among the most spiritually adventurous movies ever made. They conveyed the moral crisis of the urban/country, blues/spiritual musical dichotomies through their documentary style and fable-like narratives."
616:, who cast Williams as Andy, were able to claim that they were the ones who found Williams and gave him the chance to be seen in the limelight because he was virtually unknown amongst the white audience.
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television as Andy, he always had his cigar. On March 31, 2010, the state of
Louisiana voted to honor Williams and musician Will Haney, also from Vidalia, in a celebration on May 22 of that year.
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considered this a violation of their exclusivity rights for the show and its characters; the tour came to a premature end. Williams, Moore, Childress and Johnny Lee, performed a one-night show in
274:. Williams wore many hats at Christie's; he was a sound technician, wrote many of the scripts and was assistant director for many of the films. He was also hired to cast African-Americans for
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After his failed attempts to find success in the film industry once again, Williams decided to fully retire and began to live off of his pension that he was receiving from his time with the
654:, who was cast as their friend George "Kingfish" Stevens. When Williams accepted the role of Andy, he returned to a familiar location; the CBS studios were built on the former site of the
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is logy, as if the heat had gotten to the movie; even the musical scenes, featuring North Texas jazzman Red Calhoun, move at the turtle tempo of Hollywood's favorite black of the period,
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section of New York City. Gosden and Correll were white, but played the black lead characters using racially stereotypical speech patterns. They had previously played the roles in
738:. He was survived by his wife, Eula. At the time of his death, news coverage focused solely on his work as a television actor, since few white filmgoers knew of his race films.
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360:, Williams began finding work again. He was cast in Jed Buell’s Black westerns between the years of 1938 and 1940. He played character roles in such black westerns as
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and offered him the opportunity to write and direct a feature film. At that time, the only African American filmmaker was the self-financing writer/director/producer
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2114:""Simply Heavenly," sung by Everdinne Wilson and Robert DeCoy, was most appealing. ... Spencer Williams was, of course, his own inimitable self, ... (pay-per-view)
489:. Due to an uneven and uninteresting plot the film was seen as a dud and was unable to garner the social acknowledgment that Williams had hoped it would receive.
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clicks on a bedside lamp and the screen actually darkens for a moment before full lights finally come up. Yet at least one Williams film, his debut
242:. This film is considered the first black talkie. The films, which played on racial stereotypes and used grammatically tortured dialogue, included
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While the show was still in production, Williams and Freeman Gosden clashed over the portrayal of Andy, with Gosden telling Williams he knew how
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Cripps, Thomas. "The Films of Spencer Williams." Black American Literature Forum 12.4 (1978): 128–34. St. Louis University. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
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was "possibly the most successful" race film ever made, and Williams was invited to direct additional films for Sack Amusement Enterprises.
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conventions. Williams's attempts to conform in the film industry actually began to bog down his stories and his otherwise original films.
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enjoyed, Williams's next film was considered an epic failure and seen by few. The attempt to create a wartime drama resulted in the film
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found Williams in another career rut. Rather than continuing to make film in his primitive format, he began to try to follow mainstream
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855:(1941), has a naive grandeur to match its subject." It should also be realized that Williams often worked on a very meager budget.
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comedy films with all-black casts. Williams gained the trust of Christie and was eventually appointed the responsibility to create
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777:, is still considered lost. There were seven films in total; they were originally shown at small gatherings throughout the South.
713:; the play had a successful New York run. His last credited role was as a hospital orderly in the 1962 Italian horror production '
398:, Texas based company Sack Amusement Enterprises produced and distributed race films, was impressed with Williams’ screenplay for
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2146:"Spencer Williams and Bob de Coy scored in the colored review Simply Heavenly at the Carmel Theater." (pay-per-view)
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magazine, stated: "Aesthetically, much of Williams' work vacillates between inert and abysmal. The rural comedy of
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recordings. Williams was also active in theater productions, taking a role in the all African-American version of
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2006:
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Duncan, Melba J. The Complete Idiot's Guide to African American History. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha, 2003. Print.
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was filmed for a cost of $ 5,000; most black films of that era had budgets of double and triple that amount.
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Williams died of a kidney ailment on December 13, 1969, at the Sawtelle Veterans Administration Hospital in
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Andrews, Bart and Ahrgus Juilliard. "Holy Mackerel!: The Amos ‘n' Andy Show." New York: E.P Dutton, 1986.
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Williams returned to work in stage productions. In 1958, he had a role in the Los Angeles production of
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121:(July 14, 1893 – December 13, 1969) was an American actor and filmmaker. He portrayed Andy on
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America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry
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Gosden and Correll conducted an extensive national talent search to cast the television version of
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He arrived in Hollywood in 1923 and his involvement with films began by assisting with works by
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to television. The program focused on the misadventures of a group of African Americans in the
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The years after his most successful films and the years preceding his mainstream success with
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as the backdrop, the film was badly made and was left in the shadow of the Army financed film
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but made no mention of his work as a film director. A World War I veteran, he is buried at
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Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed. (2 volume set)
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was the first U.S. television program with an all-black cast, running for 78 episodes on
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from 1951 to 1953. However, the program created considerable controversy, with the
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In 1948, Gosden and Correll were planning to take their long-running comedy program
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573:(1947). After working ten years in Dallas, Williams returned to Hollywood in 1950.
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Williams, along with television show cast members Tim Moore, Alvin Childress, and
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210:. Williams snagged bit roles in motion pictures, including a part in the 1928
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Hollywood be Thy Name: African American Religion in American Film, 1929–1949
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Williams began writing a book about his 55 years in show business in 1959.
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Air Forces, as well as a film for the Catholic diocese of Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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magazine counted it among its "25 Most Important Films on Race." In 1991,
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140:. Williams was a pioneering African-American film producer and director.
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1295:. AfricanAmericans.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2009.
1148:(1931), a 10 minute comedy short he wrote, directed, and co-starred in
773:, warehouse in 1983. One film directed by Williams, his 1942 feature
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and, after promotion to sergeant major, as an intelligence officer in
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843:. And there were technical gaffes galore: in a late-night scene in
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However, Williams’ films have also been the subject of criticism.
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Williams (sometimes billed as Spencer Williams Jr.) was born in
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2454:"Library of Congress Adds 25 More Films to Classics Collection"
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15.1 (2000): 6–7. Indiana University Press. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
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2636:
Spencer Williams: Remembrances of an Early Black Film Pioneer
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Spencer Williams 1941 Film Free Download at Internet Archive
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Spencer Williams 1944 Film Free Download at Internet Archive
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Bright Boulevards, Bold Dreams: The Story of Black Hollywood
639:, but the television version used an African American cast.
122:
1760:
Giles, Mark. "The Blood of Jesus: Timeless Black Values."
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in 1957, apparently without any legal action being taken.
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were meant to talk. Gosden never visited the set again.
2228:. New York Times,(fee access required). 24 December 1969.
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After the show completed its network run, CBS syndicated
2226:"Spencer Williams Jr., Andy In 'Amos 'n' Andy TV Series"
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was influenced by William’s own time in the army during
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After a three-year hiatus from show business during the
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Moon, Spencer. Reel Black Talk. Greenwood, 1997. Print.
2195:. The Bridgeport Telegram. 17 December 1969. p. 41
1437:"Amos 'n' Andy Look For Exit As They Plan New TV Show"
870:
Williams is credited as both an actor and a director.
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to be Williams’ crowning achievement as a filmmaker.
2362:
Early Black Film Collection Found In Texas Warehouse
1410:"The Bootleg Files: Dirty Gertie from Harlem U.S.A."
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804:became the first race film to be added to the U.S.
694:and her choir, began a US tour as "The TV Stars of
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100:
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69:
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1264:"Actor Says Andy Show Is Inspiring To Tan Players"
1871:"Radio's Veteran Comics Smash Hit on Television"
650:, who was cast as Amos, and vaudeville comedian
1657:"Spiritual Series: Shorts to Tell Song History"
1356:. University of California Press. p. 355.
1982:"Amos And Andy Name Subs For Television Roles"
2931:African-American United States Army personnel
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2413:"A Troubled Past, but Promise for the Future"
2008:Williams Dies: Was TV's Andy Of Amos 'n' Andy
662:, Williams had never worked in television.
8:
2550:. Baltimore Afro-American. 15 September 1959
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1385:. Baltimore Afro-American. 11 September 1954
2911:United States Army personnel of World War I
2495:. Continuum Publishing Group. p. 832.
1807:. Washington Afro American. 24 January 1950
1728:. Texas State Historical Association Online
600:, Williams was immensely popular among the
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2126:"Little Theater Year Viewed In Retrospect"
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284:(1928) and produced the talkie short film
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2179:"L'Orribile Segreto del Dottor Hitchcock"
2036:. The Museum of Broadcast Communications.
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525:In the next six years, Williams directed
2452:Andrews, Robert M. (26 September 1991).
2092:Von Blon, Katherine (18 February 1958).
2050:. Baltimore Afro-American. 4 August 1953
1720:
1718:
1540:"Say Race Stars to Play in 'Lulu Belle'"
715:'L'Orribile Segreto del Dottor Hitchcock
680:nationwide television again until 2012.
498:(1944), is considered to be on par with
228:In 1929, Williams was hired by producer
16:American actor and filmmaker (1893–1969)
2651:Amos 'n' Andy: Anatomy of a Controversy
1254:
232:to create the dialogue for a series of
2124:Von Blon, Katherine (9 January 1959).
2094:"'Simply Heavenly' Joyous New Musical"
2028:
2026:
2001:
1999:
1873:. Eugene Register-Guard. 14 April 1954
1785:. Waycross Journal-Herald. 10 May 1947
1431:
1429:
1427:
1383:"Spencer Williams: Just Call Him Andy"
1320:
1318:
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481:(1944). Most of the narrative seen in
131:and directed films including the 1941
2437:. Time Magazine. 2007. Archived from
2435:"The 25 Most Important Films on Race"
2275:"Williams leaves mark in TV and film"
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1854:
1698:
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1542:. The Afro-American. 21 December 1929
1511:. One World/Ballantine. p. 432.
1377:
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430:(1941), Williams's directorial debut.
262:all African-American cast "talkie"),
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1984:. St. Petersburg Times. 18 June 1951
1805:"Spencer Williams Back to Hollywood"
1681:. Texas State Historical Association
1483:. The Afro American. 21 January 1927
1404:
1402:
1400:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
2387:The 50 Most Influential Black Films
1899:Clayton, Edward T. (October 1961).
1705:"Black Cinema: Micheaux Must Go On"
1481:"Movie Actors Return From Location"
1123:(TV Series, 78 Episodes, 1951-1955)
318:(1931) in which he was uncredited.
2273:Bruce, Tracey (21 February 2001).
1659:. The Afro American. 23 March 1940
1459:"Many Principals Are In Hollywood"
794:called the film "magnificent" and
156:as a teenager and secured work as
14:
2916:20th-century American male actors
2478:. Africana.com. 13 February 2004.
2321:"State to honor Ferriday's Haney"
2296:Handsacker, Gene (29 July 1951).
1927:Filmed Television Drama 1952–1958
1750:. Turner Classic Movies Archives.
1461:. The Afro American. 10 July 1926
1350:Weisenfield, Judith, ed. (2007).
1328:. BlackPast.org. 25 November 2008
456:, helped underpin the narrative.
2926:African Americans in World War I
2319:Hogan, Vershal (31 March 2010).
2210:
1703:Corliss, Richard (13 May 2002).
1633:Levette, Harry (28 March 1931).
1610:Levette, Harry (11 April 1931).
1262:Levette, Harry (9 August 1952).
1161:Brother Martin: Servant of Jesus
1048:Brother Martin: Servant of Jesus
775:Brother Martin: Servant of Jesus
528:Brother Martin: Servant of Jesus
2936:African-American film directors
2896:American male television actors
2069:Gardiner, John (25 June 1957).
2048:"'Amos 'n' Andy' Set for Vaude"
1707:. Time Magazine. Archived from
1225:Dirty Gertie from Harlem U.S.A.
1096:Dirty Gertie from Harlem U.S.A.
552:Dirty Gertie from Harlem U.S.A.
2901:People from Vidalia, Louisiana
2570:"Spencer Williams Filmography"
1587:Levette, Harry (23 May 1931).
780:Most film historians consider
594:Prior to his involvement with
424:Theatrical release poster for
160:for the theatrical impresario
1:
2921:Film directors from Louisiana
2476:"What Ice Cube Needs to Know"
2411:Kehr, Dave (1 October 2004).
2384:Berry, Torriano, ed. (2001).
2298:"Hollywood Sights and Sounds"
1439:. Reading Eagle. 17 June 1951
750:Los Angeles National Cemetery
93:Los Angeles National Cemetery
2891:African-American male actors
2071:"The Theatre and its People"
1958:Quigg, Jack (10 June 1951).
1924:Hawes, William, ed. (2001).
1902:The Tragedy of Amos 'n' Andy
1131:(TV Series, 1 Episode, 1959)
744:obituary for Williams cited
576:Following the production of
2489:Eagan, Daniel, ed. (2009).
1505:Bogle, Donald, ed. (2006).
434:Williams's resulting film,
294:as the supervisor of their
96:Section 209, row Z, space 3
42:Spencer Williams as "Andy".
2952:
2886:Male actors from Louisiana
2300:. Prescott Evening Courier
2245:. McFarland. p. 813.
2159:. Guide to Musical Theatre
1960:"Declare: 'TV not for us'"
1930:. McFarland. p. 304.
1635:"Gossip of the Movie Lots"
1612:"Gossip of the Movie Lots"
1589:"Gossip of the Movie Lots"
633:make-up for the 1930 film
18:
2906:American male film actors
1305:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
459:Despite the success that
353:, both released in 1939.
35:
2528:. Jet. 10 September 1959
2277:. The Concordia Sentinel
2073:. The Windsor Daily Star
906:The Framing of the Shrew
580:, Williams relocated to
245:The Framing of the Shrew
187:, rising to the rank of
175:Williams studied at the
2574:Internet Movie Database
2365:. Jet. 27 February 1984
2193:"TV Andy's Rites Today"
1962:. Youngstown Vindicator
992:Two-Gun Man from Harlem
736:Los Angeles, California
369:Two-Gun Man from Harlem
177:University of Minnesota
81:Los Angeles, California
2323:. The Natchez Democrat
2239:Wilson, Scott (2016).
1241:Rhapsody of Negro Life
1112:Rhapsody of Negro Life
1008:Harlem Rides the Range
914:Oft in the Silly Night
806:National Film Registry
636:Check and Double Check
492:Williams's next film,
431:
381:Harlem Rides the Range
337:Harlem Rides the Range
271:Oft in the Silly Night
128:The Amos 'n' Andy Show
19:For the composer, see
2441:on February 10, 2008.
2011:. Jet. 1 January 1970
984:Harlem on the Prairie
587:
423:
363:Harlem on the Prairie
2800:Spencer Williams Jr.
1748:"The Blood of Jesus"
760:Career re-evaluation
507:James Weldon Johnson
2136:on November 7, 2012
2104:on January 31, 2013
2034:"Amos 'n Andy Show"
1783:"A Riot Of Laughs!"
1711:on 20 October 2010.
1637:. The Afro-American
1614:. The Afro-American
1591:. The Afro-American
1266:. The Afro American
1244:(Short Films, 1949)
1220:(Documentary, 1946)
1209:The Girl in Room 20
1128:Bourbon Street Beat
1088:The Girl in Room 20
1000:The Bronze Buckaroo
890:The Melancholy Dame
558:The Girl in Room 20
375:The Bronze Buckaroo
239:The Melancholy Dame
217:Steamboat Bill, Jr.
191:, serving first as
2667:The Blood of Jesus
2621:TCM Movie Database
2417:The New York Times
1831:The New York Times
1726:"Black Filmmaking"
1326:"Spencer Williams"
1293:"Spencer Williams"
1196:(Short Film, 1945)
1153:The Blood of Jesus
1115:(Short Film, 1949)
1040:The Blood of Jesus
1035:(Short Film, 1941)
1032:Toppers Take a Bow
968:The Virginia Judge
947:(Short Film, 1929)
939:(Short Film, 1929)
933:(Short Film, 1929)
925:(Short Film, 1929)
917:(Short Film, 1929)
909:(Short Film, 1929)
901:(Short Film, 1929)
893:(Short Film, 1929)
885:(Short Film, 1928)
857:The Blood of Jesus
817:The Blood of Jesus
802:The Blood of Jesus
791:The New York Times
782:The Blood of Jesus
741:The New York Times
501:The Blood of Jesus
462:The Blood of Jesus
442:The Blood of Jesus
437:The Blood of Jesus
432:
427:The Blood of Jesus
415:The Blood of Jesus
193:General Pershing's
179:and served in the
150:Vidalia, Louisiana
137:The Blood of Jesus
62:Vidalia, Louisiana
2863:
2862:
2759:Barbara Jean Wong
2502:978-0-8264-2977-3
2252:978-1-4766-2599-7
2157:"Simply Heavenly"
1201:Beale Street Mama
1080:Beale Street Mama
564:Beale Street Mama
478:The Negro Soldier
471:(1943). Set with
265:Music Hath Charms
208:Octavus Roy Cohen
183:during and after
162:Oscar Hammerstein
116:
115:
109:Years active
73:December 13, 1969
2943:
2815:Dudley Dickerson
2790:Lillian Randolph
2749:Lillian Randolph
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2626:Spencer Williams
2616:Spencer Williams
2606:Spencer Williams
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2132:. Archived from
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2100:. Archived from
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1217:Jivin’ in Be-Bop
1072:The Negro Sailor
944:The Widow's Bite
898:Music Hath Harms
849:Francine Everett
730:Death and legacy
704:Windsor, Ontario
692:Lillian Randolph
656:Christie Studios
604:audiences. U.S.
602:African-American
454:Southern Baptist
358:Great Depression
315:The Public Enemy
312:’ gangster film
119:Spencer Williams
104:Actor, filmmaker
76:
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40:
30:Spencer Williams
26:
21:Spencer Williams
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2805:Alvin Childress
2785:Amanda Randolph
2768:Television cast
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2721:Charles Correll
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2659:Go Down, Death!
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1185:Go Down, Death!
1139:
1134:
1064:Go Down, Death!
876:
868:
829:Richard Corliss
762:
732:
711:Simply Heavenly
648:Alvin Childress
614:Charles Correll
592:
582:Tulsa, Oklahoma
418:
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256:Melancholy Dame
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112:1928–1962
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404:Oscar Micheaux
388:Alfred N. Sack
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189:sergeant major
152:. He moved to
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101:Occupation(s)
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89:Resting place
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58:July 14, 1893
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2850:Sam McDaniel
2830:Kim Hamilton
2799:
2780:Nick Stewart
2744:Madaline Lee
2704:
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2650:
2635:
2630:Find a Grave
2615:
2578:. Retrieved
2573:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2524:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2491:
2484:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2447:
2439:the original
2429:
2421:the original
2416:
2406:
2386:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2361:
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2258:January 25,
2181:. AllMovie.
1412:Film Threat
1332:13 November
1145:Hot Biskits
930:Brown Gravy
866:Filmography
815:named both
724:US Military
567:(1947) and
487:World War I
483:Marching On
392:San Antonio
287:Hot Biskits
281:Queen Kelly
230:Al Christie
185:World War I
2870:Categories
2840:Johnny Lee
2739:Johnny Lee
2714:Radio cast
2639:1996 video
2580:2014-12-08
1988:11 October
1943:10 October
1844:2023-02-22
1524:17 October
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1250:References
1233:Juke Joint
1104:Juke Joint
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608:comedians
578:Juke Joint
570:Juke Joint
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195:bugler in
166:vaudeville
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2820:Roy Glenn
2775:Tim Moore
2199:8 January
1839:0362-4331
937:Fowl Play
786:Dave Kehr
658:. Until
652:Tim Moore
631:blackface
520:Hollywood
304:in 1929.
260:Paramount
258:, (first
223:The River
181:U.S. Army
133:race film
2610:AllMovie
2576:. Amazon
2554:11 March
2304:20 April
2281:11 March
2130:LA Times
2098:LA Times
2077:12 March
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1966:12 March
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64:, U.S.
2644:Watch
1766:JSTOR
1571:JSTOR
874:Actor
672:NAACP
606:radio
214:film
168:star
2601:IMDb
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