219:
1158:
presumed to be the older offspring of the adults, while the female was also possibly their offspring. Though it was initially believed to only roost in trees, it was first documented using a cave as a roost in 2008. Its average lifespan is unknown; however, it is believed that the same individual roosted in a cave from 2008 until at least 2016 based on a unique ear pigmentation, making lifespans of at least 8 years possible. In captivity, one adult individual of uncertain initial age was maintained for 5.5 years.
1143:, with females giving birth at the end of the dry season or the beginning of the rainy season. The litter size is one individual, with offspring called "pups." The mother is reportedly very attentive and gentle with her offspring. The male is often in attendance as well and will frequently sleep with both the female and their young completely wrapped up in his wings. The extent of natural depredation upon spectral bats is unknown, but spectral bat remains were once documented in a
817:
86:
997:. It was once thought to supplement its diet with fruit, but a captive pair refused to eat any fruit over a 5-year period. Its diet can be studied passively because it carries prey items back to its roost to consume, discarding unwanted parts such as bird feathers, bat wings, and rodent tails. Over the course of a year, 18 bird species were identified from feathers left under a roost in Costa Rica: based on the assemblage, it prefers non-
806:
934:
61:
42:
1057:
1076:; it likely uses its agile and maneuverable wings to hover as it plucks prey items off the ground or tree branches. It stalks the prey and then lands on it from above, securing the prey by hooking it with its sharp thumb claws. It kills its prey by delivering a forceful bite to the skull. Relative to its size, its
831:
an absolute sense, are short relative to its body size. The wings are wide, though, creating a large surface area. Its wingtips are rounded and almost squarish. The thumbs are long, at 21.4–22.2 mm (0.84–0.87 in). Each of its thumbs has a large, recurved claw that is grooved, similar to those of
830:
and the largest carnivorous bat in the world. The wingspan typically ranges from 0.7–1.0 m (2.3–3.3 ft). Its forearm length is 101–110 mm (4.0–4.3 in). Its body length is 135–147 mm (5.3–5.8 in) and its mass is 134–189 g (4.7–6.7 oz). Its wings, though large in
1157:
Spectral bats roost independently or in small colonies of up to five individuals in hollow trees. An examination of one colony of five individuals consisted of an adult male and female, a nursing pup, and a juvenile male and female. The juvenile male was estimated to be six months old; he was
1107:
because it allows them to pick up prey items from the ground and fly with them. Its wing structure allows it to take flight in confined spaces and to carry heavy prey items, despite the bat's size. Males will carry prey back to their roosts to provision females and their pup.
325:, as well as the largest carnivorous bat: its wingspan is 0.7–1.0 m (2.3–3.3 ft). It has a robust skull and teeth, with which it delivers a powerful bite to kill its prey. Birds are frequent prey items, though it may also consume rodents, insects, and other bats.
332:. Colonies consist of an adult male and female and their offspring. The adult male will bring food back to the roost to provision the adult female and their offspring. Colonies generally roost in tree hollows, though individuals may roost in caves. Due to
1048:, which at 150 g (5.3 oz), weighs almost as much as spectral bats. Because its prey items can be so large, it may only need to consume one bird every two or three nights to meet its caloric requirements.
893:(tail membrane) is long and broad. Its legs are long, and the feet are composed of slender bones; each digit has a well-developed claw. The ears are large and rounded, at 39–42 mm (1.5–1.7 in) long.
1024:, which both has a strong smell and roosts in groups, is a particularly common prey item, representing approximately 24-26 of the 86 prey items identified in the study. Other species identified included the
1019:
are known to have a strong odor, leading
Vehrencamp et al. to hypothesize that spectral bats may rely on scent to locate prey. It also prefers prey that roost in groups, which may aid in detection. The
835:. Its back fur is reddish-brown, long, and soft, while its belly fur is shorter and paler. The forearm is furred on the half closer to the body, but naked on the half closer to the wrist and fingers.
2288:
1266:. Its population size is difficult to assess, as it is rarely encountered. However, its population trend is assessed as decreasing. It may be intentionally persecuted by humans. In
1072:
at relatively low frequencies; its echolocation characteristics are suited for maneuvering around obstacles while flying low to the ground. Its foraging style has been compared to
742:
species approximately 20.75 million years ago, with the two genera diverging from each other 14.35 million years ago. The spectral and big-eared woolly bats likely evolved from an
1511:
Hoffmann, Federico G; Hoofer, Steven R; Baker, Robert J (2008). "Molecular dating of the diversification of
Phyllostominae bats based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences".
1367:
By means of the three kingdoms of nature, the nature of the system, according to the classes, ordines, genera, species, with the characters, the differences, synonyms, places.
6311:
6086:
6432:
341:
1001:
bird species that weigh 20–150 g (0.71–5.29 oz). However, a later study in Brazil determined that perching bird species were a majority of prey items.
6350:
6151:
2096:
Giannini, Norberto P.; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. (2005). "The guild structure of animalivorous leaf-nosed bats of Barro
Colorado Island, Panama, revisited".
1788:(Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for the Pantanal domain in Brazil, with notes on the species natural history, biometry, and lower incisors arrangement".
1548:"Molecular time scale of diversification of feeding strategy and morphology in New World Leaf-Nosed Bats (Phyllostomidae): a phylogenetic perspective"
1088:
based on its body size and canine teeth characteristics. It has been recorded as being attracted to the distress calls of smaller bats while hunting.
1634:
Czaplewski, Nicholas J; Morgan, Gary S (2012). "New basal noctilionoid bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the
Oligocene of subtropical North America".
6391:
6285:
6060:
2708:
6477:
6324:
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are frequently consumed—they represented over half the prey items documented in the Costa Rican study. Some prey species such as cuckoos,
5559:
2493:
1362:
Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I
6487:
2384:"Ecological Morphology and Flight in Bats (Mammalia; Chiroptera): Wing Adaptations, Flight Performance, Foraging Strategy and Echolocation"
6482:
5718:
5688:
2438:
2366:
1971:
1448:
1423:
1671:
1651:
1567:
5727:
3415:
1758:
Simmons, N. B.; Voss, R. S. (1998). "The mammals of
Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats".
1230:. It has been documented at elevations from 0–1,650 m (0–5,413 ft) above sea level, though in Mexico it is only found in
258:
6442:
6125:
5857:
5848:
5736:
5670:
5661:
5643:
402:. The genus and species names were not used in their current combination until biologist George Gilbert Goodwin did so in 1942. "
5584:
5575:
5140:
4504:
3475:
208:
846:, as in many mammal species, the last upper molars are reduced to two cusps; they are much smaller than the other molars. The
6447:
6342:
6143:
5634:
4334:
2319:
1842:
974:
6329:
6104:
5070:
4486:
4056:
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5097:
4384:
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4015:
3300:
2978:
399:
164:
2640:
2510:
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3910:
3490:
3451:
3433:
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2701:
982:
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6337:
6246:
6138:
6021:
5600:
5391:
4918:
4748:
4144:
3840:
1546:
Baker, Robert J; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R. P; Mantilla-Meluk, Hugo; Porter, Calvin A; Van Den
Bussche, Ronald A (2012).
1469:"Adaptive Radiations, Ecological Specialization, and the Evolutionary Integration of Complex Morphological Structures"
5899:
5866:
5830:
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4219:
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4099:
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6156:
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4307:
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4153:
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2927:
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2676:
978:
378:
5346:
4882:
4117:
4047:
3982:
3753:
3729:
3551:
3264:
2900:
1041:
85:
2613:
1812:"Wing morphology of Neotropical bats: A quantitative and qualitative analysis with implications for habitat use"
5908:
5407:
5309:
5206:
4855:
4495:
3991:
3815:
3442:
3373:
3080:
3056:
2485:
897:
753:, which includes species of diverse feeding strategies, including carnivory, insectivory and mixed insectivory/
218:
5021:
4171:
3778:
3239:
247:
6409:
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2109:
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5439:
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337:
5417:
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4831:
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6026:
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5375:
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3560:
3527:
3424:
2945:
2909:
890:
187:
5785:
3249:
3098:
2793:
2581:(Linnaeus, 1758): First record for the Cerrado biome in the state of Mato Grosso, west central Brazil"
2575:
Sousa, Ricardo
Firmino de; Kreutz, Carlos; Oliveira, Sérgio Lopes de; Faria, Karina De Cassia (2011).
2170:
Peterson, R. L; Kirmse, Peter (1969). "Notes on
Vampyrum spectrum, the false vampire bat, in Panama".
6272:
6047:
6008:
5792:
5769:
5610:
5385:
5262:
4667:
4616:
4580:
4528:
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318:
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353:
333:
329:
50:
1360:
763:
5698:
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5173:
5039:
4927:
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3032:
2557:
2339:
2269:
2219:
2113:
2070:
1862:
1740:
1231:
990:
226:
80:
6195:
6091:
4941:
816:
6316:
6259:
6177:
6034:
5705:
5401:
4971:
4408:
3853:
3787:
3233:
2489:
2455:
2434:
2362:
2028:
2010:
1967:
1914:
1647:
1616:
1563:
1528:
1490:
1444:
1419:
1133:
1125:
1096:
1045:
1033:
1021:
938:
768:
715:
708:
in
Phyllostomidae based on molecular data. Tribe relationships based on Hoffmann et al. 2008.
6182:
3886:
3159:
3126:
3117:
2592:
2549:
2422:
2403:
2331:
2261:
2211:
2179:
2147:
2105:
2000:
1904:
1896:
1854:
1823:
1763:
1732:
1639:
1606:
1596:
1555:
1520:
1480:
1329:
1144:
1140:
969:. It preys on other bats opportunistically, and it is known to eat bats out of researchers'
6117:
6164:
5775:
5569:
5553:
5487:
4726:
4537:
2807:
2778:
2686:
2246:"Observations on the Foraging Behavior and Avian Prey of the Neotropical Carnivorous Bat,
2082:
1717:
1259:
913:
912:
is the most ornamented and complex of any member of its subfamily. McDaniel described its
758:
368:
269:
65:
2423:
2399:
933:
889:
is large, at 17 mm (0.67 in) in length. There is no discernible tail, but the
805:
383:
311:
found in Mexico, Central
America, and South America. It is the only member of the genus
6237:
5712:
5134:
4962:
4635:
4006:
3964:
3942:
3710:
3632:
3388:
3364:
3310:
3191:
3141:
2754:
2718:
1909:
1884:
1858:
1611:
1584:
905:
874:
750:
739:
308:
147:
24:
20:
1933:
6426:
6112:
5520:
4071:
3973:
3542:
3203:
2533:
2478:
2383:
1811:
1547:
1485:
1468:
1398:] (in French). Vol. 1815. Palerme :Aux dépens de l'auteur, 1815. p. 54.
1320:
1311:
1191:
1121:
1085:
843:
839:
360:
204:
70:
2683:
displaying a live spectral bat and describing it (in Spanish with English subtitles)
2561:
2343:
2117:
1989:"The Chiropteran Brain Database: Volumetric Survey of the Hypophysis in 165 Species"
1866:
6382:
6039:
5277:
5197:
4650:
4247:
3901:
3744:
3659:
3608:
3466:
3322:
2817:
1667:
1100:
917:
855:
767:. Based on dental characteristics, Czaplewski and Morgan additionally included the
724:
624:
525:
465:
6264:
2480:
Asdell's Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction: a Compendium of Species-specific Data
41:
6222:
6013:
1643:
1559:
1413:
6298:
6231:
6130:
6073:
5993:
5881:
5496:
5472:
4626:
4460:
4210:
4186:
3720:
3669:
3575:
3406:
3005:
2960:
2853:
2788:
2783:
2639:
Vargas Espinoza, A.; Aguirre, L. F.; Swarner, M.; Emmons, L.; Teran, M. (2004).
2058:
1524:
1389:
743:
607:
415:
373:
5984:
2553:
5923:
5813:
5511:
5221:
4986:
4571:
4271:
3617:
2760:
2672:
2202:
Greenhall, Arthur M (1968). "Notes on the Behavior of the False Vampire Bat".
1183:
1120:. Additionally, it is one of two known species of bat where the males provide
1104:
1069:
1004:
966:
909:
776:
559:
1601:
1415:
Mammals of South America, Volume 1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats
873:
for a total of 34 teeth. Its skull is narrow and elongated with a pronounced
5463:
5061:
4237:
3877:
3108:
1987:
Bhatnagar, Kunwar P; Smith, Timothy D; Rai, Shesh N; Frahm, Heiko D (2016).
1227:
1211:
1195:
1081:
998:
946:
886:
859:
827:
754:
407:
357:
322:
97:
2407:
2014:
1918:
1900:
1843:"Functional cranial analysis of large animalivorous bats (Microchiroptera)"
1620:
1585:"Evolutionary patterns and processes in the radiation of phyllostomid bats"
1532:
1494:
757:. The spectral and big-eared woolly bats are the two extant members of the
414:, thus named because it was once erroneously believed that the species was
1827:
1056:
868:
865:
6376:
6216:
6169:
5978:
5751:
5535:
5245:
4811:
4772:
4739:
4423:
4399:
4030:
3071:
3023:
2863:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
1267:
1219:
1203:
1179:
1129:
994:
986:
970:
851:
448:
364:
117:
1369:] (in Latin) (10th ed.). Holmiæ: Laurentius Salvius. p. 31
6404:
6396:
6290:
6065:
4787:
4358:
3047:
2511:"Mammalian prey of barn owl (Tyto alba) in southeastern Oaxaca, México"
2273:
2223:
1744:
1278:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1187:
1171:
882:
878:
847:
832:
583:
411:
2388:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1885:"Go big or go fish: Morphological specializations in carnivorous bats"
904:
of the brain are extensively convoluted. The brain has well-developed
722:
gene, the spectral bat is most closely related to the monotypic genus
6303:
6078:
4763:
3213:
2597:
2576:
2476:
Hayssen, Virginia; Ari van Tienhoven & Ans van Tienhoven (1993).
2335:
2005:
1988:
1767:
1282:
1207:
1199:
1175:
1167:
1151:
1016:
1012:
1008:
962:
954:
795:
127:
107:
5955:
2359:
A field guide to the mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico
2265:
2245:
2215:
2183:
2152:
2135:
1736:
1391:
Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés
1116:
The spectral bat is one of an estimated 18 species of bat which are
1396:
Analysis of nature, or picture of the universe and organized bodies
4552:
1271:
1055:
932:
641:
388:
1263:
1238:. In 2010, the species was documented for the first time in the
1215:
950:
719:
6052:
5959:
4723:
3939:
3188:
2773:
2690:
2454:
Adams, Danielle M.; Nicolay, Christopher; Wilkinson, Gerald S.
2063:
Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae Part I
1234:
areas of below 150 m (490 ft). It is associated with
6277:
1418:. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. pp. 299–300.
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1073:
958:
850:(crushing surfaces) of the molars are small relative to their
842:
are narrow with W-shaped crests. While six of its molars have
137:
2289:"Ancient Temple Reveals Secrets of Mexico's Meat-Eating Bats"
2134:
Bonato, Vinícius; Gomes Facure, Kátia; Uieda, Wilson (2004).
1103:(body mass to wing area ratio) at 20.05. Low wing loading is
761:
Vampyrini. Vampyrini additionally includes the extinct genus
2651:
in Bolivia and comments on its state of conservation].
826:
The spectral bat is the largest bat species native to the
2645:
en Bolivia y comentarios sobre su estado de conservación"
1672:"The World's Carnivorous Bats Are Emerging From the Dark"
2110:
10.3161/1733-5329(2005)7[131:TGSOAL]2.0.CO;2
1277:
As of 1999, the spectral bat is listed as endangered in
2244:
Vehrencamp, S. L; Stiles, F. G; Bradbury, J. W (1977).
2136:"Food Habits of Bats of Subfamily Vampyrinae in Brazil"
1889:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1132:—as a monogamous species, there is not generally
1784:
da Silva, A. P.; Rossi, R. V. (2011). "New records of
1084:. Its bite force is predicted to measure 80–100
896:
The brain is large relative to the body; at 1:67, its
2061:. In Baker, R. J.; Jones Jr., JK; Carter, DC (eds.).
1274:, and locals will seek out and destroy their roosts.
2461:. In Fleming, T. H.; Davalos, L.; Mello, M. (eds.).
1136:, so males can save energy by producing less sperm.
6366:
6206:
5968:
5921:
5879:
5811:
5749:
5533:
5509:
5485:
5461:
5275:
5243:
5219:
5195:
5171:
5059:
4984:
4960:
4809:
4785:
4761:
4737:
4648:
4624:
4615:
4550:
4526:
4458:
4449:
4421:
4397:
4356:
4269:
4245:
4236:
4208:
4184:
4069:
4028:
4004:
3962:
3953:
3899:
3875:
3742:
3718:
3709:
3667:
3658:
3630:
3606:
3573:
3540:
3488:
3464:
3404:
3386:
3362:
3320:
3211:
3202:
3139:
3106:
3097:
3069:
3045:
3021:
3004:
2958:
2861:
2852:
2815:
2806:
23:. For the false vampire bats in the old world, see
2509:Santos-Moreno, A.; Alfaro Espinosa, A. M. (2009).
2477:
2456:"Patterns of sexual dimorphism and mating systems"
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
749:The spectral bat is included within the subfamily
336:and its low population density, it is listed as a
2320:"Puncture-Resistance of Gloves for Handling Bats"
2197:
2195:
2193:
1805:
1803:
1583:Monteiro, Leandro R; Nogueira, Marcelo R (2011).
1467:Monteiro, Leandro R; Nogueira, Marcelo R (2010).
1281:. It has been listed as an endangered species in
2165:
2163:
2052:
2050:
1957:
1955:
1878:
1876:
1443:. Vol. 2. Brill Archive. pp. 107–108.
941:, one of the spectral bat's primary food sources
377:, which he classified as a kind of primate. Its
2463:Phyllostomid bats, a unique mammalian radiation
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1506:
1504:
1462:
1460:
1354:
1352:
2534:"Long-term cave roosting in the spectral bat (
2129:
2127:
1407:
1405:
1335:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22843A22059426.en
1258:As of 2018, the spectral bat is classified as
1044:. The largest prey species identified was the
342:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2702:
2361:. Oxford University Press. pp. 104–105.
2295:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
1779:
1777:
1242:of Brazil. It is occasionally encountered in
1099:bat species, the spectral bat had the lowest
8:
1060:Taxidermied spectral bat "consuming" a mouse
877:. Overall, its skull resembles a miniature
19:This article is about the bat in the family
1883:Santana, Sharlene E; Cheung, Elena (2016).
5956:
4734:
4720:
4621:
4455:
4242:
3959:
3950:
3936:
3715:
3664:
3208:
3199:
3185:
3103:
3018:
2858:
2812:
2803:
2770:
2709:
2695:
2687:
1716:L., Daniel Navarro; Wilson, Don E (1982).
900:is higher than that of cats and dogs. The
328:Unlike the majority of bat species, it is
217:
59:
40:
31:
2596:
2421:Crichton, E. G.; Krutzsch, P. H. (2000).
2151:
2004:
1962:Medellín, R. (2014). Ceballos, G. (ed.).
1932:The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.
1908:
1847:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1610:
1600:
1484:
1333:
2577:"Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae,
2382:Norberg, U. M; Rayner, J. M. V (1987).
2029:"Measuring Brain Size versus Body Size"
1293:
1270:, the bats are sometimes thought to be
321:. It is the largest bat species in the
2078:
2068:
1068:to navigate, creating short pulses of
6433:IUCN Red List near threatened species
5560:Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat (
2614:"False Vampires and Other Carnivores"
2318:Freeman, P. W.; Lemen, C. A. (2009).
1513:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
794:Comparison of spectral bat (top) and
317:; its closest living relative is the
233:
7:
6410:A060D23D-3AA9-4342-B5DC-96B1664FA8EC
371:. Linnaeus assigned it to the genus
1810:Marinello, M.M; Bernard, E (2014).
1321:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
599:
575:
551:
498:
490:
440:
432:
425:
391:meaning "apparition" or "specter".
5858:Northern little yellow-eared bat (
5849:Southern little yellow-eared bat (
5671:Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat (
5662:Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat (
2324:The Journal of Wildlife Management
1859:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb01601.x
367:was collected in South America by
14:
5719:Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat (
5689:Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat (
5576:Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat (
2065:. Vol. 10. pp. 147–200.
1105:advantageous for carnivorous bats
961:. Additionally, it consumes some
5728:Thomas's yellow-shouldered bat (
5635:Highland yellow-shouldered bat (
4335:White-throated round-eared bat (
3416:Commissaris's long-tongued bat (
2620:. Bat Conservation International
1486:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00857.x
945:The spectral bat is exclusively
815:
804:
398:was not described until 1815 by
84:
5737:Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat (
5653:Greater yellow-shouldered bat (
5644:Louis's yellow-shouldered bat (
4385:Stripe-headed round-eared bat (
4016:Yellow-throated big-eared bat (
1966:. JHU Press. pp. 694–696.
854:(shearing surfaces). The upper
6478:Mammals of Trinidad and Tobago
5680:Lesser yellow-shouldered bat (
5626:Little yellow-shouldered bat (
5585:Bogotá yellow-shouldered bat (
5319:Short-headed broad-nosed bat (
5141:Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat (
4505:Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat (
3476:Underwood's long-tongued bat (
2287:Morell, Virginia (July 2018).
1940:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
1128:. Males have relatively small
975:highland yellow-shouldered bat
1:
5617:Choco yellow-shouldered bat (
5601:Hairy yellow-shouldered bat (
5392:White-lined broad-nosed bat (
5071:Andersen's fruit-eating bat (
4928:Schwartz's fruit-eating bat (
4919:Flat-faced fruit-eating bat (
4838:Anderson's fruit-eating bat (
4749:Little white-shouldered bat (
4487:Fernandez's sword-nosed bat (
4145:White-bellied big-eared bat (
4057:Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat (
2883:Benkeith's short-tailed bat (
1166:The spectral bat is found in
400:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
5891:Bidentate yellow-eared bat (
5840:Melissa's yellow-eared bat (
5098:Gervais's fruit-eating bat (
4865:Fraternal fruit-eating bat (
4290:Carriker's round-eared bat (
3301:Luis Manuel's tailless bat (
3292:Broad-toothed tailless bat (
2979:Fischer's little fruit bat (
2827:Antillean fruit-eating bat (
2425:Reproductive biology of bats
1841:Freeman, Patricia W (1984).
1644:10.1017/CBO9781139045599.006
1636:Evolutionary History of Bats
1560:10.1017/CBO9781139045599.012
1552:Evolutionary History of Bats
728:(the big-eared woolly bat).
305:Linnaeus's false vampire bat
6488:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
5159:Thomas's fruit-eating bat (
4892:Jamaican fruit-eating bat (
4883:Honduran fruit-eating bat (
4599:Koepcke's spear-nosed bat (
4326:Schultz's round-eared bat (
4048:California leaf-nosed bat (
3911:Vieira's long-tongued bat (
3730:Chestnut long-tongued bat (
3552:Pale brown long-nosed bat (
3452:Pallas's long-tongued bat (
3434:Miller's long-tongued bat (
2937:Sowell's short-tailed bat (
2901:Chestnut short-tailed bat (
2465:. Chicago University Press.
2429:. Academic Press. pp.
2172:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1816:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1525:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.002
1112:Reproduction and life cycle
973:. Prey species include the
6509:
5909:Striped yellow-eared bat (
5900:Brock's yellow-eared bat (
5867:Villa's yellow-eared bat (
5831:Kalko's yellow-eared bat (
5408:Matapalo broad-nosed bat (
5360:Heller's broad-nosed bat (
5337:Thomas's broad-nosed bat (
5310:Eldorado broad-nosed bat (
5207:Velvety fruit-eating bat (
4856:Fringed fruit-eating bat (
4496:Northern sword-nosed bat (
4220:Niceforo's big-eared bat (
4163:Schmidts's big-eared bat (
4100:Giovanni's big-eared bat (
3992:Tricolored big-eared bat (
3831:Orcés's long-tongued bat (
3763:Chocoan long-tongued bat (
3443:Western long-tongued bat (
3374:Mexican long-tongued bat (
3332:Godman's long-tailed bat (
3081:Hairy-legged vampire bat (
3057:White-winged vampire bat (
2554:10.1515/mammalia-2016-0038
920:as "exceptionally thick".
307:, is a large, carnivorous
301:American false vampire bat
18:
6483:Mammals described in 1758
5449:Greater broad-nosed bat (
5440:Shadowy broad-nosed bat (
5294:Slender broad-nosed bat (
5150:Toltec fruit-eating bat (
5107:Silver fruit-eating bat (
5089:Bogotá fruit-eating bat (
5013:Guadeloupe big-eyed bat (
4797:Jamaican fig-eating bat (
4733:
4719:
4695:Guianan spear-nosed bat (
4686:Greater spear-nosed bat (
4590:Striped hairy-nosed bat (
4514:Orinoco sword-nosed bat (
4478:Tomes's sword-nosed bat (
4376:Greater round-eared bat (
4317:Western round-eared bat (
4308:Kalko's round-eared bat (
4299:Davis's round-eared bat (
4154:Sanborn's big-eared bat (
4091:Brosset's big-eared bat (
3949:
3935:
3594:Leach's single leaf bat (
3585:Insular single leaf bat (
3510:Southern long-nosed bat (
3350:Greater long-tailed bat (
3341:Lesser long-tongued bat (
3283:Geoffroy's tailless bat (
3198:
3184:
2928:Seba's short-tailed bat (
2919:Mono's short-tailed bat (
2802:
2769:
2725:
2717:Extant species of family
2532:Dinets, Vladimir (2017).
1678:. Smithsonian Institution
1042:scissor-tailed flycatcher
983:Pallas's long-tongued bat
638:
621:
604:
597:
580:
573:
556:
549:
522:
503:
496:
488:
462:
445:
438:
430:
232:
225:
216:
193:
186:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
5933:Great stripe-faced bat (
5543:(yellow-shouldered bats)
5431:Recife broad-nosed bat (
5125:Pygmy fruit-eating bat (
5116:Gnome fruit-eating bat (
5080:Aztec fruit-eating bat (
5004:Brazilian big-eyed bat (
4948:Brown fruit-eating bat (
4901:Great fruit-eating bat (
4874:Hairy fruit-eating bat (
4847:Large fruit-eating bat (
4819:(Neotropical fruit bats)
4677:Lesser spear-nosed bat (
4344:Yasuni round-eared bat (
4118:Matses's big-eared bat (
3983:Davies's big-eared bat (
3754:Bokermann's nectar bat (
3519:Greater long-nosed bat (
3274:Tube-lipped nectar bat (
3265:Handley's tailless bat (
2988:Dwarf little fruit bat (
2970:Hairy little fruit bat (
2892:Silky short-tailed bat (
2836:Cuban fruit-eating bat (
2612:French, Barbara (1997).
2486:Cornell University Press
2057:McDaniel, V. R. (1976).
1938:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1602:10.1186/1471-2148-11-137
1589:BMC Evolutionary Biology
898:brain-to-body mass ratio
858:are well-developed. Its
6443:Bats of Central America
5799:Brown tent-making bat (
5376:Buffy broad-nosed bat (
5328:Choco broad-nosed bat (
5022:Salvin's big-eyed bat (
4910:Dark fruit-eating bat (
4281:Pygmy round-eared bat (
4172:Yates's big-eared bat (
3779:Dekeyser's nectar bat (
3561:Dark long-tongued bat (
3528:Lesser long-nosed bat (
3425:Gray long-tongued bat (
3240:Cadena's tailless bat (
2946:Gray short-tailed bat (
2910:Manu short-tailed bat (
2515:Acta Zoológica Mexicana
1441:The mammals of Suriname
1412:Gardner, A. L. (2008).
1388:Rafinesque, C. (1815).
1091:In a study of the wing
1030:orange-chinned parakeet
1026:orange-fronted parakeet
987:short-tailed fruit bats
979:Geoffroy's tailless bat
957:, and other species of
338:near-threatened species
293:great false vampire bat
5263:Cuban fig-eating bat (
4668:Pale spear-nosed bat (
4581:Cozumelan golden bat (
4257:Big-eared woolly bat (
4136:Common big-eared bat (
4127:Little big-eared bat (
3797:Handley's nectar bat (
3642:Ega long-tongued bat (
2408:10.1098/rstb.1987.0030
1901:10.1098/rspb.2016.0615
1790:Chiroptera Neotropical
1439:Husson, A. M. (1978).
1359:Linnæus, Carl (1758).
1124:, the other being the
1064:The spectral bat uses
1061:
942:
348:Taxonomy and evolution
6448:Bats of South America
6191:Paleobiology Database
5253:(Falcate-winged bats)
5031:Little big-eyed bat (
4196:Least big-eared bat (
4109:Hairy big-eared bat (
3863:Thomas's nectar bat (
3822:Godman's nectar bat (
3693:Thomas's nectar bat (
3256:Tailed tailless bat (
3151:Jamaican flower bat (
2647:[Distribution of
2098:Acta Chiropterologica
1993:The Anatomical Record
1828:10.1139/cjz-2013-0127
1328:: e.T22843A22059426.
1080:is stronger than any
1059:
936:
798:skulls (not to scale)
352:The spectral bat was
244:Phyllostomus spectrum
6493:Fauna of Los Tuxtlas
6368:Vespertilio spectrum
5759:(Tent-building bats)
5183:Honduran white bat (
5040:Hairy big-eyed bat (
3806:Western nectar bat (
3033:Common vampire bat (
2254:Journal of Mammalogy
2204:Journal of Mammalogy
2140:Journal of Mammalogy
1760:Bulletin of the AMNH
1236:tropical rainforests
1038:streak-backed oriole
902:cerebral hemispheres
775:) and sometimes the
738:diverged from other
418:and consumed blood.
319:big-eared woolly bat
255:Phyllostoma spectrum
239:Linnaeus, 1758
236:Vespertilio spectrum
6463:Mammals of Colombia
5821:(yellow-eared bats)
4972:Wrinkle-faced bat (
4560:(Gray's Spear-nosed
4409:Fringe-lipped bat (
3854:Orange nectar bat (
3788:Arched nectar bat (
2653:Ecología en Bolivia
2400:1987RSPTB.316..335N
2293:National Geographic
1934:"False vampire bat"
1310:Solari, S. (2018).
1224:Trinidad and Tobago
924:Biology and ecology
356:in 1758 by Swedish
334:habitat destruction
291:), also called the
51:Conservation status
6468:Mammals of Ecuador
5231:MacConnell's bat (
4658:(spear-nosed bats)
4468:(sword-nosed bats)
4366:(round-eared bats)
3887:Long-snouted bat (
3160:Cuban flower bat (
3127:Buffy flower bat (
3118:Brown flower bat (
1895:(1830): 20160615.
1062:
991:common vampire bat
943:
297:great spectral bat
6473:Mammals of Guyana
6420:
6419:
6178:Open Tree of Life
6000:Vampyrum spectrum
5970:Vampyrum spectrum
5962:Taxon identifiers
5953:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5824:
5776:Tent-making bat (
5762:
5546:
5321:P. brachycephalus
5296:P. angustirostris
5256:
4997:
4822:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4661:
4611:
4610:
4565:
4538:Long-legged bat (
4471:
4445:
4444:
4369:
4232:
4231:
4084:
4079:(Little Big-eared
4041:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3841:L. orienticollina
3705:
3704:
3654:
3653:
3503:
3226:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3093:
3092:
3015:
3000:
2999:
2921:C. monohernandezi
2876:
2848:
2847:
2649:Vampyrum spectrum
2643:Vampyrum spectrum
2641:"Distribución de
2579:Vampyrum spectrum
2536:Vampyrum spectrum
2495:978-0-8014-1753-5
2357:Reid, F. (2009).
2248:Vampyrum spectrum
1964:Mammals of Mexico
1786:Vampyrum spectrum
1729:Mammalian Species
1720:Vampyrum spectrum
1314:Vampyrum spectrum
1162:Range and habitat
1134:sperm competition
1126:yellow-winged bat
1046:white-tipped dove
1034:rufous-naped wren
1022:groove-billed ani
995:fruit-eating bats
939:groove-billed ani
769:fringe-lipped bat
716:mitochondrial DNA
712:
711:
698:
697:
689:
688:
680:
679:
671:
670:
662:
661:
653:
652:
537:
536:
477:
476:
288:Vampyrum spectrum
279:
278:
273:
266:Vampyrus spectrum
262:
251:
240:
197:Vampyrum spectrum
168:
74:
6500:
6413:
6412:
6400:
6399:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6359:
6358:
6346:
6345:
6333:
6332:
6320:
6319:
6307:
6306:
6294:
6293:
6281:
6280:
6268:
6267:
6255:
6254:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6199:
6198:
6186:
6185:
6173:
6172:
6160:
6159:
6147:
6146:
6134:
6133:
6121:
6120:
6108:
6107:
6095:
6094:
6082:
6081:
6069:
6068:
6056:
6055:
6043:
6042:
6030:
6029:
6017:
6016:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5957:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5255:
5254:
5250:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4840:A. aequatorialis
4821:
4820:
4816:
4735:
4721:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4636:Pale-faced bat (
4622:
4564:
4563:
4557:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4456:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4243:
4083:
4082:
4076:
4040:
4039:
4038:(big-eared bats)
4035:
3960:
3951:
3937:
3716:
3665:
3502:
3501:
3500:long-nosed bats)
3495:
3225:
3224:
3223:long-nosed bats)
3218:
3209:
3200:
3186:
3104:
3099:Phyllonycterinae
3019:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2930:C. perspicillata
2875:
2874:
2873:leaf-nosed bats)
2868:
2859:
2813:
2804:
2794:Phyllonycterinae
2771:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2688:
2681:Rodrigo Medellín
2661:
2660:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:10.15560/7.4.468
2572:
2566:
2565:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2483:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2428:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2336:10.2193/2008-295
2330:(7): 1251–1254.
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2241:
2228:
2227:
2199:
2188:
2187:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2008:
2006:10.1002/ar.23321
1984:
1978:
1977:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1726:
1713:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1307:
1145:western barn owl
1141:seasonal breeder
872:
871:
870:
867:
819:
808:
783:) in Vampyrini.
777:round-eared bats
600:
576:
552:
499:
491:
441:
433:
426:
421:
420:
268:
257:
246:
238:
221:
199:
179:V. spectrum
163:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6408:
6403:
6395:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6362:
6354:
6349:
6341:
6336:
6328:
6323:
6315:
6310:
6302:
6297:
6289:
6284:
6276:
6271:
6263:
6258:
6250:
6245:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6202:
6194:
6189:
6181:
6176:
6168:
6165:Observation.org
6163:
6155:
6150:
6142:
6137:
6129:
6124:
6116:
6111:
6103:
6098:
6090:
6085:
6077:
6072:
6064:
6059:
6051:
6046:
6038:
6033:
6025:
6020:
6012:
6007:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5964:
5954:
5941:
5917:
5875:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5807:
5801:U. magnirostrum
5758:
5757:
5755:
5745:
5664:S. mistratensis
5619:S. koopmanhilli
5562:S. aratathomasi
5542:
5541:
5539:
5529:
5521:Red fruit bat (
5505:
5488:Sphaeronycteris
5481:
5457:
5410:P. matapalensis
5347:P. fusciventris
5271:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5239:
5215:
5191:
5167:
5055:
4994:(big-eyed bats)
4993:
4992:
4990:
4980:
4956:
4921:A. planirostris
4818:
4817:
4815:
4805:
4781:
4757:
4729:
4727:Stenodermatinae
4703:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4644:
4617:Phyllostomatini
4607:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4546:
4540:M. macrophyllum
4522:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4441:
4417:
4393:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4352:
4319:L. occidentalis
4265:
4228:
4204:
4180:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4065:
4050:M. californicus
4037:
4036:
4034:
4024:
4000:
3945:
3919:
3895:
3871:
3738:
3701:
3650:
3626:
3602:
3569:
3536:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3484:
3460:
3436:G. longirostris
3418:G. commissarisi
3400:
3382:
3358:
3316:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3194:
3168:
3135:
3089:
3065:
3041:
3011:
3010:
3008:
2996:
2954:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2844:
2808:Brachyphyllinae
2798:
2779:Brachyphyllinae
2765:
2721:
2715:
2669:
2664:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2299:on July 3, 2018
2286:
2285:
2281:
2266:10.2307/1379995
2243:
2242:
2231:
2216:10.2307/1378008
2201:
2200:
2191:
2184:10.1139/z69-025
2169:
2168:
2161:
2153:10.1644/BWG-121
2133:
2132:
2125:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2077:
2067:
2059:"Brain anatomy"
2056:
2055:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2033:Serendip Studio
2027:
2026:
2022:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1737:10.2307/3503798
1724:
1715:
1714:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1676:Smithsonian.com
1670:(10 May 2016).
1666:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1638:. p. 162.
1633:
1632:
1628:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1554:. p. 385.
1545:
1544:
1540:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1309:
1308:
1295:
1291:
1260:near threatened
1256:
1164:
1114:
1054:
931:
926:
914:corpus callosum
906:olfactory bulbs
864:
863:
824:
823:
822:
821:
820:
811:
810:
809:
800:
799:
789:
699:
690:
681:
672:
663:
654:
538:
511:
478:
369:Daniel Rolander
350:
212:
201:
195:
182:
162:
83:
75:
66:Near Threatened
64:
60:
53:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6506:
6504:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6458:Bats of Mexico
6455:
6453:Bats of Brazil
6450:
6445:
6440:
6438:Phyllostomidae
6435:
6425:
6424:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6401:
6388:
6372:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6347:
6334:
6321:
6308:
6295:
6282:
6269:
6256:
6243:
6228:
6212:
6210:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6187:
6174:
6161:
6148:
6135:
6122:
6109:
6096:
6083:
6070:
6057:
6044:
6031:
6018:
6005:
5990:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5929:
5927:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5906:
5897:
5887:
5885:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5864:
5855:
5846:
5837:
5833:V. elisabethae
5827:
5825:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5773:
5765:
5763:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5734:
5725:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5691:S. oporaphilum
5686:
5677:
5668:
5659:
5650:
5641:
5632:
5623:
5614:
5611:S. hondurensis
5607:
5598:
5591:
5582:
5573:
5566:
5557:
5549:
5547:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5517:
5515:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5499:S. toxophyllum
5493:
5491:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5469:
5467:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5446:
5437:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5405:
5398:
5389:
5382:
5373:
5366:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5300:
5291:
5283:
5281:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5259:
5257:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5233:M. macconnelli
5227:
5225:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5203:
5201:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5179:
5177:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5156:
5147:
5138:
5131:
5122:
5113:
5104:
5095:
5086:
5077:
5067:
5065:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5046:
5037:
5028:
5019:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4968:
4966:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4935:
4934:
4925:
4916:
4907:
4898:
4894:A. jamaicensis
4889:
4880:
4871:
4867:A. fraterculus
4862:
4853:
4844:
4825:
4823:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4745:
4743:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4692:
4683:
4674:
4664:
4662:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4632:
4630:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4568:
4566:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4516:L. orinocensis
4511:
4507:L. marinkellei
4502:
4493:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4433:Spectral bat (
4429:
4427:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4405:
4403:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4287:
4283:L. brasiliense
4277:
4275:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4253:
4251:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4169:
4165:M. schmidtorum
4160:
4151:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4115:
4106:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:M. waterhousii
4054:
4044:
4042:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4010:
4007:Lampronycteris
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3989:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3965:Glyphonycteris
3957:
3955:Micronycterini
3947:
3946:
3943:Phyllostominae
3940:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3889:P. genovensium
3883:
3881:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3816:L. inexpectata
3812:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3769:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3713:
3711:Lonchophyllini
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3690:
3683:
3675:
3673:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3633:Scleronycteris
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3530:L. yerbabuenae
3525:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3472:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3392:
3389:Dryadonycteris
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3365:Choeronycteris
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3303:A. luismanueli
3298:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3253:
3246:
3237:
3229:
3227:
3206:
3196:
3195:
3192:Glossophaginae
3189:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3142:Phyllonycteris
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3016:
3012:(vampire bats)
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2810:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2757:
2755:Laurasiatheria
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:Phyllostomidae
2716:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2668:
2667:External links
2665:
2663:
2662:
2655:(in Spanish).
2631:
2604:
2567:
2524:
2501:
2494:
2484:. Ithaca, NY:
2468:
2446:
2440:978-0080540535
2439:
2413:
2374:
2368:978-0195343229
2367:
2349:
2310:
2279:
2229:
2210:(2): 337–340.
2189:
2159:
2123:
2088:
2079:|journal=
2046:
2020:
1999:(4): 492–510.
1979:
1973:978-1421408439
1972:
1951:
1924:
1872:
1853:(4): 387–408.
1833:
1799:
1773:
1750:
1689:
1659:
1652:
1626:
1575:
1568:
1538:
1500:
1456:
1450:978-9004058194
1449:
1431:
1425:978-0226282428
1424:
1401:
1380:
1348:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1255:
1252:
1163:
1160:
1113:
1110:
1053:
1050:
930:
927:
925:
922:
875:sagittal crest
860:dental formula
814:
813:
812:
803:
802:
801:
793:
792:
791:
790:
788:
785:
751:Phyllostominae
740:leaf-nosed bat
710:
709:
701:
700:
696:
695:
692:
691:
687:
686:
683:
682:
678:
677:
674:
673:
669:
668:
665:
664:
660:
659:
656:
655:
651:
650:
647:
646:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
603:
598:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
579:
574:
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:
555:
550:
548:
547:Phyllostomini
544:
543:
540:
539:
535:
534:
531:
530:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
505:
502:
497:
495:
489:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
475:
474:
471:
470:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
444:
439:
437:
436:Macrophyllini
431:
429:
424:
410:derivative of
349:
346:
309:leaf-nosed bat
277:
276:
275:
274:
263:
252:
241:
230:
229:
223:
222:
214:
213:
202:
191:
190:
184:
183:
176:
174:
170:
169:
155:
151:
150:
148:Phyllostomidae
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
25:Megadermatidae
21:Phyllostomidae
16:Species of bat
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6505:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6411:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6357:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6248:
6244:
6239:
6233:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6197:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6010:
6006:
6001:
5995:
5991:
5986:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5958:
5938:
5936:
5935:V. caraccioli
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5872:
5870:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5804:
5802:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5603:S. erythromos
5599:
5597:
5596:
5595:S. burtonlimi
5592:
5590:
5588:
5587:S. bogotensis
5583:
5581:
5579:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5497:Visored bat (
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5475:P. bilabiatum
5473:Ipanema bat (
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5454:
5452:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5354:P. guianensis
5351:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5330:P. chocoensis
5326:
5324:
5322:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5143:D. rosenbergi
5139:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5091:D. bogotensis
5087:
5085:
5083:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5033:C. trinitatum
5029:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5015:C. improvisum
5011:
5009:
5007:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4885:A. inopinatus
4881:
4879:
4877:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4858:A. fimbriatus
4854:
4852:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4799:A. flavescens
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4718:
4700:
4698:
4697:P. latifolius
4693:
4691:
4689:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4592:M. crenulatum
4588:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4489:L. fernandezi
4485:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Lonchorhinini
4448:
4438:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4387:T. saurophila
4383:
4381:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4337:L. silvicolum
4333:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4102:M. giovanniae
4098:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4072:Micronycteris
4068:
4062:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4018:L. brachyotis
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3994:G. sylvestris
3990:
3988:
3986:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3916:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3756:L. bokermanni
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3543:Lichonycteris
3539:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3491:Leptonycteris
3487:
3481:
3479:
3478:H. underwoodi
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3234:A. aequatoris
3231:
3230:
3228:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Glossophagini
3201:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3183:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3120:E. bombifrons
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3007:
3006:Desmodontinae
3003:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2894:C. brevicauda
2890:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2871:(Short-tailed
2866:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2829:B. cavernarum
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Desmodontinae
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:Subfamilies:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2632:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:(1179): 335.
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:(1): 836–841.
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:Nuwer, Rachel
1663:
1660:
1655:
1653:9781139045599
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1569:9781139045599
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1479:(3): 724–44.
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:French Guiana
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:parental care
1119:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
940:
935:
928:
923:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
834:
829:
818:
807:
797:
786:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
744:insectivorous
741:
737:
736:Chroptopterus
733:
729:
727:
726:
721:
717:
707:
703:
702:
694:
693:
685:
684:
676:
675:
667:
666:
658:
657:
649:
648:
645:
644:
643:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
626:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
609:
602:
601:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
585:
578:
577:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
561:
554:
553:
546:
545:
542:
541:
533:
532:
529:
528:
527:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
510:
509:
501:
500:
493:
492:
486:
485:
482:
481:
473:
472:
469:
468:
467:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
450:
443:
442:
435:
434:
428:
427:
423:
422:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
362:
361:Carl Linnaeus
359:
355:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
271:
267:
264:
260:
256:
253:
249:
245:
242:
237:
234:
231:
228:
224:
220:
215:
210:
206:
200:
198:
192:
189:
188:Binomial name
185:
181:
180:
175:
172:
171:
166:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:Spectral bat
33:
30:
26:
22:
6367:
6207:
5969:
5934:
5922:
5910:
5901:
5892:
5880:
5868:
5859:
5850:
5841:
5832:
5812:
5800:
5791:
5784:
5778:U. bilobatum
5777:
5768:
5750:
5738:
5729:
5720:
5711:
5704:
5699:S. parvidens
5697:
5690:
5681:
5672:
5663:
5654:
5645:
5636:
5627:
5618:
5609:
5602:
5593:
5586:
5577:
5568:
5561:
5552:
5534:
5522:
5510:
5498:
5486:
5474:
5462:
5450:
5441:
5433:P. recifinus
5432:
5425:P. nitelinea
5423:
5416:
5409:
5400:
5393:
5384:
5377:
5368:
5361:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5329:
5320:
5311:
5302:
5295:
5288:P. albericoi
5286:
5278:Platyrrhinus
5276:
5264:
5244:
5232:
5220:
5208:
5198:Enchisthenes
5196:
5184:
5172:
5160:
5151:
5142:
5133:
5126:
5117:
5108:
5099:
5090:
5081:
5073:D. anderseni
5072:
5060:
5048:
5041:
5032:
5023:
5014:
5005:
4985:
4973:
4961:
4949:
4940:
4938:
4930:A. schwartzi
4929:
4920:
4911:
4903:A. lituratus
4902:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4866:
4857:
4848:
4839:
4830:
4828:
4810:
4798:
4786:
4775:A. nichollsi
4774:
4762:
4750:
4738:
4696:
4687:
4679:P. elongatus
4678:
4669:
4651:Phyllostomus
4649:
4637:
4625:
4601:M. koepckeae
4600:
4591:
4583:M. cozumelae
4582:
4574:M. bennettii
4573:
4572:Golden bat (
4551:
4539:
4529:Macrophyllum
4527:
4515:
4506:
4498:L. inusitata
4497:
4488:
4479:
4459:
4434:
4432:
4422:
4411:T. cirrhosus
4410:
4398:
4386:
4377:
4357:
4345:
4336:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4292:L. carrikeri
4291:
4282:
4270:
4258:
4248:Chrotopterus
4246:
4221:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4137:
4129:M. megalotis
4128:
4119:
4110:
4101:
4092:
4070:
4058:
4049:
4029:
4017:
4005:
3993:
3984:
3975:
3974:Behn's bat (
3963:
3912:
3902:Xeronycteris
3900:
3888:
3876:
3864:
3855:
3848:L. peracchii
3846:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3807:
3798:
3790:L. fornicata
3789:
3781:L. dekeyseri
3780:
3771:
3764:
3755:
3745:Lonchophylla
3743:
3732:L. spurrelli
3731:
3719:
3694:
3685:
3678:
3668:
3660:Hsunycterini
3643:
3631:
3620:M. harrisoni
3619:
3618:Banana bat (
3609:Musonycteris
3607:
3595:
3587:M. plethodon
3586:
3574:
3562:
3553:
3541:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3489:
3477:
3467:Hylonycteris
3465:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3405:
3395:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3323:Choeroniscus
3321:
3309:
3302:
3293:
3285:A. geoffroyi
3284:
3276:A. fistulata
3275:
3266:
3257:
3250:A. carishina
3248:
3241:
3232:
3212:
3161:
3152:
3140:
3129:E. sezekorni
3128:
3119:
3107:
3082:
3070:
3058:
3046:
3034:
3022:
2989:
2981:R. fischerae
2980:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2893:
2885:C. benkeithi
2884:
2862:
2837:
2828:
2818:Brachyphylla
2816:
2753:Superorder:
2747:Infraclass:
2679:: Biologist
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2617:
2607:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2570:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2479:
2471:
2462:
2449:
2424:
2416:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2358:
2352:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:the original
2292:
2282:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2207:
2203:
2175:
2171:
2143:
2139:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2062:
2037:. Retrieved
2032:
2023:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1963:
1942:. Retrieved
1937:
1927:
1892:
1888:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1819:
1815:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1759:
1753:
1731:(184): 1–4.
1728:
1719:
1680:. Retrieved
1675:
1662:
1635:
1629:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1551:
1541:
1519:(2): 653–8.
1516:
1512:
1476:
1472:
1440:
1434:
1414:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1366:
1361:
1339:. Retrieved
1325:
1319:
1313:
1285:since 2001.
1276:
1257:
1254:Conservation
1165:
1156:
1138:
1115:
1101:wing loading
1090:
1066:echolocation
1063:
1003:
949:, consuming
944:
918:white matter
895:
856:canine teeth
837:
825:
780:
772:
764:Notonycteris
762:
748:
735:
731:
730:
725:Chrotopterus
723:
713:
705:
704:Position of
640:
639:
625:Phyllostomus
623:
622:
606:
605:
582:
581:
558:
557:
526:Chrotopterus
524:
523:
507:
506:
504:
466:Macrophyllum
464:
463:
447:
446:
416:sanguivorous
403:
395:
393:
382:
379:species name
372:
351:
327:
313:
312:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
286:
283:spectral bat
282:
280:
265:
261:, 1810
254:
250:, 1802
243:
235:
196:
194:
178:
177:
158:
157:
29:
6299:iNaturalist
6232:Wikispecies
6074:iNaturalist
5994:Wikispecies
5911:V. nymphaea
5882:Vampyriscus
5786:U. convexum
5721:S. sorianoi
5706:S. paulsoni
5637:S. ludovici
5451:P. vittatus
5442:P. umbratus
5418:P. nigellus
5394:P. lineatus
5378:P. infuscus
5339:P. dorsalis
5312:P. aurarius
5265:P. falcatus
5127:D. phaeotis
5050:C. vizottoi
5042:C. villosum
4950:A. concolor
4912:A. obscurus
4876:A. hirsutus
4751:A. centurio
4688:P. hastatus
4670:P. discolor
4627:Phylloderma
4461:Lonchorhina
4435:V. spectrum
4222:T. nicefori
4211:Trinycteris
4187:Neonycteris
4156:M. sanborni
4138:M. microtis
4093:M. brosseti
3808:L. hesperia
3799:L. handleyi
3765:L. chocoana
3721:Lionycteris
3670:Hsunycteris
3576:Monophyllus
3512:L. curasoae
3498:(Saussure's
3454:G. soricina
3407:Glossophaga
3397:D. capixaba
3376:C. mexicana
3352:C. periosus
3294:A. latidens
3267:A. cultrata
3258:A. caudifer
3221:(Geoffroy's
3083:D. ecaudata
3035:D. rotundus
2972:R. alethina
2961:Rhinophylla
2903:C. castanea
2854:Carolliinae
2784:Carolliinae
2659:(2): 46–51.
2178:: 140–142.
1373:21 November
1341:19 November
1097:Neotropical
947:carnivorous
891:uropatagium
885:skull. Its
844:three cusps
787:Description
608:Phylloderma
374:Vespertilio
272:, 1820
6427:Categories
6383:Q122173153
5924:Vampyrodes
5851:V. pusilla
5842:V. melissa
5814:Vampyressa
5730:S. thomasi
5512:Stenoderma
5386:P. ismaeli
5370:P. incarum
5362:P. helleri
5304:P. aquilus
5222:Mesophylla
5174:Ectophylla
5161:D. watsoni
5152:D. tolteca
5100:D. cinerea
5082:D. aztecus
5024:C. salvini
4987:Chiroderma
4773:Tree bat (
4725:Subfamily
4638:P. stenops
4328:L. schulzi
4310:L. kalkoae
4272:Lophostoma
4259:C. auritus
4198:N. pusilla
4111:M. hirsuta
3985:G. daviesi
3941:Subfamily
3913:X. vieirai
3865:L. thomasi
3856:L. robusta
3773:L. concava
3695:H. thomasi
3687:H. pattoni
3680:H. cadenai
3596:M. redmani
3563:L. obscura
3554:L. degener
3521:L. nivalis
3445:G. morenoi
3427:G. leachii
3334:C. godmani
3311:A. peruana
3242:A. cadenai
3190:Subfamily
3153:P. aphylla
2990:R. pumilio
2948:C. subrufa
2939:C. sowelli
2761:Chiroptera
2618:batcon.org
2591:(4): 468.
2585:Check List
2260:(4): 469.
2146:(4): 708.
2104:(1): 136.
2035:. Serendip
1822:(2): 141.
1289:References
1184:Costa Rica
1154:, Mexico.
1118:monogamous
1093:morphology
1082:Carnivoran
1078:bite force
1070:ultrasound
910:cerebellum
781:Lophostoma
746:ancestor.
560:Lophostoma
494:Vampyrini
394:The genus
387:" is from
330:monogamous
259:É Geoffroy
165:Rafinesque
138:Chiroptera
6223:Q10832379
5902:V. brocki
5893:V. bidens
5869:V. villai
5860:V. thyone
5793:U. davisi
5770:U. bakeri
5739:S. tildae
5673:S. mordax
5628:S. lilium
5578:S. bidens
5570:S. bakeri
5554:S. angeli
5464:Pygoderma
5209:E. hartii
5109:D. glauca
5062:Dermanura
5006:C. doriae
4942:Koopmania
4939:Subgenus
4849:A. amplus
4829:Subgenus
4480:L. aurita
4378:T. bidens
4346:L. yasuni
4301:L. evotis
4238:Vampyrini
4174:M. yatesi
4147:M. minuta
4120:M. matses
3976:G. behnii
3878:Platalina
3833:L. orcesi
3824:L. mordax
3109:Erophylla
3059:D. youngi
2729:Kingdom:
2303:17 August
2081:ignored (
2071:cite book
1768:2246/1634
1473:Evolution
1228:Venezuela
1212:Nicaragua
1196:Guatemala
971:mist nets
887:nose-leaf
852:trigonids
828:New World
755:frugivory
714:Based on
408:Neo-Latin
358:zoologist
354:described
323:New World
173:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
6377:Wikidata
6343:13801293
6238:Vampyrum
6217:Wikidata
6208:Vampyrum
6144:13801294
6092:11238715
6014:Vampyrum
5985:Q1142526
5979:Wikidata
5752:Uroderma
5713:S. perla
5655:S. magna
5646:S. luisi
5536:Sturnira
5523:S. rufum
5246:Phyllops
5118:D. gnoma
4974:C. senex
4963:Centurio
4832:Artibeus
4812:Artibeus
4740:Ametrida
4424:Vampyrum
4400:Trachops
4031:Macrotus
3343:C. minor
3162:P. poeyi
3072:Diphylla
3024:Desmodus
2864:Carollia
2749:Eutheria
2743:Mammalia
2737:Chordata
2735:Phylum:
2731:Animalia
2562:89446862
2542:Mammalia
2344:15877222
2118:85309649
2015:26800031
1944:9 August
1919:27170718
1867:37499533
1621:21605452
1533:18727956
1495:19804403
1268:Trinidad
1248:orchards
1244:pastures
1220:Suriname
1204:Honduras
1180:Colombia
1139:It is a
1052:Foraging
999:perching
965:such as
908:and its
848:talonids
773:Trachops
732:Vampyrum
718:and the
706:Vampyrum
508:Vampyrum
449:Trachops
404:Vampyrum
396:Vampyrum
384:spectrum
365:holotype
344:(IUCN).
314:Vampyrum
227:Synonyms
205:Linnaeus
159:Vampyrum
144:Family:
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
6405:ZooBank
6397:4969096
6317:1039708
6291:2433340
6131:1004991
6066:2433341
5682:S. nana
5402:P. masu
5185:E. alba
5135:D. rava
4788:Ariteus
4359:Tonatia
3048:Diaemus
2912:C. manu
2838:B. nana
2759:Order:
2741:Class:
2677:YouTube
2624:17 July
2396:Bibcode
2274:1379995
2224:1378008
2039:24 July
1910:4874722
1762:(237).
1745:3503798
1682:17 July
1612:3130678
1595:: 137.
1279:Bolivia
1262:by the
1240:Cerrado
1232:lowland
1188:Ecuador
1172:Bolivia
1086:Newtons
1017:motmots
1013:trogons
1009:cuckoos
967:beetles
963:insects
955:rodents
869:2.1.3.3
866:2.1.2.3
779:(genus
771:(genus
584:Tonatia
412:vampire
406:" is a
340:by the
270:Ranzani
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
6356:148060
6330:631338
6196:233601
6183:353066
6157:148074
6105:631790
6053:327407
4764:Ardops
3644:S. ega
3214:Anoura
2560:
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1283:Mexico
1272:ghosts
1226:, and
1208:Mexico
1200:Guyana
1176:Brazil
1168:Belize
1152:Oaxaca
1148:pellet
1130:testes
1095:of 51
1040:, and
1015:, and
993:, and
989:, the
840:molars
796:jackal
363:. The
248:Daudin
167:, 1815
6312:IRMNG
6304:41159
6278:42166
6252:47631
6170:88194
6118:22843
6087:IRMNG
6079:41160
6040:7FDVG
6027:47632
4562:Bats)
4553:Mimon
4081:Bats)
2673:Video
2558:S2CID
2548:(5).
2459:(PDF)
2340:S2CID
2270:JSTOR
2220:JSTOR
2114:S2CID
1863:S2CID
1741:JSTOR
1725:(PDF)
1394:[
1365:[
1005:Doves
951:birds
879:canid
759:tribe
642:Mimon
389:Latin
6392:GBIF
6351:NCBI
6325:ITIS
6286:GBIF
6265:85SX
6247:BOLD
6152:NCBI
6113:IUCN
6100:ITIS
6061:GBIF
6022:BOLD
2626:2018
2521:(1).
2490:ISBN
2435:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2305:2018
2083:help
2041:2018
2011:PMID
1968:ISBN
1946:2018
1915:PMID
1684:2017
1648:ISBN
1617:PMID
1564:ISBN
1529:PMID
1491:PMID
1445:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1375:2012
1343:2021
1326:2018
1264:IUCN
1246:and
1216:Peru
1074:owls
1007:and
929:Diet
916:and
883:bear
838:Its
833:cats
734:and
720:RAG2
281:The
209:1758
6338:MSW
6273:EoL
6260:CoL
6139:MSW
6126:MDD
6048:EoL
6035:CoL
6009:ADW
2675:on
2593:doi
2550:doi
2431:355
2404:doi
2392:316
2332:doi
2262:doi
2212:doi
2180:doi
2148:doi
2106:doi
2001:doi
1997:299
1905:PMC
1897:doi
1893:283
1855:doi
1824:doi
1764:hdl
1733:doi
1640:doi
1607:PMC
1597:doi
1556:doi
1521:doi
1481:doi
1330:doi
1150:in
959:bat
881:or
862:is
303:or
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