Knowledge (XXG)

Special 301 Report

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421:(TRIPS), investigations must conclude within six months, with the possibility of a three-month extension. Reasons for extension include "substantial progress in drafting or implementing legislative or administrative measures that will provide adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights" by the "priority foreign country". If the USTR believes that a trade agreement is being breached the USTR must conclude the investigation within 18 months, or within 30 days after the "dispute settlement procedure" has finished. If the USTR concludes that a trade agreement is being breached, "retaliation actions" may be taken under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974. 396:"those foreign countries - (A) that have the most onerous or egregious acts, policies, or practices that (i) deny adequate and effective intellectual property rights, or (ii) deny fair and equitable market access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property protection, (B) whose acts, policies, or practices described in subparagraph (A) have the greatest adverse impact (actual or potential) on the relevant United States products, and (C) that are not (i) entering into good faith negotiations, or (ii) making significant progress in bilateral or multilateral negotiations to provide adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights". 232:. Complaints do not need to reference specific international agreements or provisions that are being breached. Complaints will focus on a country's failure to protect the intellectual property rights of a US company or lack of intellectual property rights relates market access. Complaints are expected to include a description of the efforts the company has made to enforce its intellectual property rights in that country and provide estimates of economic losses resulting from the infringement of intellectual property rights in that country. 438:. "Priority Watch List" and "Watch List" countries are identified by the annual Special 301 Report. "Priority Watchlist countries" are judged by the USTR as having "serious intellectual property rights deficiencies" that require increased USTR attention. "Watch List" countries have been identified by the USTR as having "serious intellectual property rights deficiencies" but are not yet placed on the "Priority Watchlist". The USTR can move countries from one list to the other, or remove them from the lists, throughout the year. 305: 22: 3651: 388:"identify (1) those foreign countries that (A) deny adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights, or (B) deny fair and equitable markets access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property protection, and (2) those foreign countries identified under paragraph (1) that are determined by the Trade Representative to be priority foreign countries". 224:, but must be about instances where a country has violated an international agreement with the United States. Complaints can be made in relation to the intellectual property law of the country, judicial or administrative procedures that discriminate against the US company, and failure to enforce intellectual property laws, particularly in relation to trade in 3440:(TRIPS). WTO dispute settlement proceedings are initiated when the country's noncompliance with TRIPS is judged to be too narrow to make the country a "priority foreign country". The countries against which the USTR intends to pursue dispute settlement proceedings are announced every April in the Special 301 Report. 417:
start investigations within 30 days of a country being identified as "priority foreign country", unless the USTR concludes that such an investigation "would be detrimental to United States economic interests". Unless the "priority foreign country" is regarded as being in breach of a trade agreement, including the
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furthermore states that countries may be identified under Special 301 "taking into account the history of intellectual property laws and practices of the foreign country, including any previous identifications" and "the history of efforts of the United States, and the response of the foreign country,
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The USTR acts on the information available at the time and can identify new "priority foreign countries" on an annual basis. The Special 301 Sub-Committee conducts additional reviews throughout the year for countries that "merit additional monitoring". The Trade Act of 1974 requires that the USTR to
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citing the massive amounts of unlicensed CDs sold in Europe that originate in the Ukraine. In 2011 and 2012, no countries were classified as a Priority Foreign Country; however, Paraguay was made subject to Section 306 Monitoring. In 2013, Ukraine was redesignated as a Priority Foreign Country. In
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owners, most often large corporations, against any foreign national policy or unofficial action that does not conform to the United States' position on international copyright and IP. Threat of action under Special 301 has been used to insert U.S. trade lobby backed advisers into states' domestic
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By statute, the annual Special 301 Report includes a list of "Priority Foreign Countries", that are judged to have inadequate intellectual property laws; these countries may be subject to sanctions. In addition, the report contains a "Priority Watch List" and a "Watch List", containing countries
204:, can submit complaints (i.e., a petition alleging that a country has violated an international agreement with the United States that adversely affects the company or industry) to the Trade Compliance Centre, which provides a template for such complaints, or the country or industry desk at the 87:, in other countries. By April 30 of each year, the USTR must identify countries which do not provide "adequate and effective" protection of intellectual property rights or "fair and equitable market access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property rights". 429:
Two non-statutory categories have been created in addition to the statutory category of "priority foreign country", which once identified as such needs to be investigated and if found in breach with a trade agreement is subject to possible "retaliation actions" under
3397:(WTO) or any other trade agreement establishing dispute settlement provisions, such as free trade agreements, which are relevant to the alleged violation. Unilateral trade sanctions under section 301 were imposed on December 20, 2001, on 3401:, which was not yet a WTO member, by imposing a prohibitive tariff on metals, footwear, and other imports because the USTR concluded that the country had failed to enact legislation to enforce copyright in relation to music 176:, and other agencies. U.S. companies provide extensive comments in the annual National Trade Estimate Report. The Special 301 Sub-Committee also takes the views of foreign governments and the views of U.S. embassies on 3521:. Intellectual property is not violated, as this affects all manufacturers equally; nevertheless, this retaliatory measure has had a negative impact on investment decisions unrelated to the pharmaceutical industry. 3437: 418: 410: 144:(TPSC) advises the United States Trade Representative on which countries to designate as "priority foreign countries" or to include in the watchlists. The Special 301 Sub-Committee is chaired by the 4327: 3477:
had no intellectual property law, but they wrote one (with our help). Similarly the Dominican Republic. I sat down with their lawyer and together we wrote their copyright law."
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legislative process in order to ensure compliance with U.S. trade norms. One of the most direct examples comes from a former U.S. trade lobbyist, speaking in 1993:
3464:'s School of Law, has called the Special 301 Report "a public law devoted to the service of private corporate interests". It protects and acts in favor of U.S. 120: 4159: 3556: 3510: 3420:(IIPA) the Special 301 Report and the Watchlists is used to pressure other nations to adopt stricter copyright laws and take a more active role in combating 3417: 447: 248: 3410: 161: 3363:
In response to countries being included on the Special 301 Report Watchlists the U.S. government may initiate dispute settlement proceedings at the
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to achieve adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights". It also states that compliance with the
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2014, the US was in talks with the WTO to designate India as a "Priority Foreign Country" especially for the pharmaceutical sector.
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for inclusion in the Special 301 Watchlist in early 2010 because they either mandated or suggested the use of
3421: 252: 255:, the IIPA, which represents the U.S. media industry, urged the U.S. government to consider countries like 3894: 3870: 3536: 229: 157: 4063: 3822: 4275: 4087: 3465: 304: 189: 72: 21: 4153:"Copyright Industries Urge Greater Global Protection of American Jobs and Exports Threatened by Piracy" 3137: 3669: 3432:
The USTR has used the Special 301 Reports to initiate formal dispute settlement proceedings at the
2951: 169: 1343: 3626: 3591: 3551: 435: 381: 95: 3406: 3390: 3966:. Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 2011. p. 2. Archived from 3485:(EFF), concerns about foreign IP policies that are overly restrictive, such as a lack of 451: 352:(IPR) or "fair and equitable market access" to U.S. persons relying upon IPR protection" 3514: 1490: 1305: 68: 4316: 3518: 3453: 3372: 3039: 2617: 108: 116: 3620: 3585: 3382:
If an USTR investigation concludes that a country has violated a trade agreement
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to reimburse the cost of medications only up to the price of the cheapest
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The Office of the United States Trade Representative Official website
2990: 2814: 2568: 2478: 2247: 2198: 2029: 1943: 1804: 1570: 1023: 940: 891: 803: 260: 4209:"U.S. IP Policy Spins Out of Control in the 2018 Special 301 Report" 348:"foreign countries that deny "adequate and effective" protection of 3371:(NAFTA). The U.S. government can also eliminate tariff preferences 3587:
International trademarks and copyright: enforcement and management
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Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
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Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
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Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
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in some countries, are not included in Special 301 reports.
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whose intellectual property regimes are deemed of concern.
4268: 3436:(WTO) if it believes a country does not comply with the 3367:(WTO) or other relevant trade agreement, including the 3754:
When using open source makes you an enemy of the state
123:. The Special 301 Report was first published in 1989. 3622:
Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade
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Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
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Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
3756:, Bobbie Johnson, guardian.co.uk, 23 February 2010. 71:to United States companies and products due to the 3405:and their export. Section 301 was also invoked by 100: 392:The Act defines "priority foreign countries" as: 4328:Office of the United States Trade Representative 4290:. American University Washington College of Law. 146:Office of the United States Trade Representative 90:The Special 301 Report is published pursuant to 65:Office of the United States Trade Representative 4230:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 126–129 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3743:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 126–129 3716: 3714: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 121:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 8: 3557:United States International Trade Commission 3511:International Intellectual Property Alliance 3418:International Intellectual Property Alliance 448:International Intellectual Property Alliance 425:Priority Watch List and Watch List Countries 251:(IIPA). According to Andres Guadamuz of the 249:International Intellectual Property Alliance 3619:Shayerah, Ilias; Fergusson, Ian F. (2008). 4284:"What is Special 301? A Historical Primer" 494: 3646: 3644: 3642: 4323:1989 establishments in the United States 4244:(in Finnish). Kauppalehti. June 15, 2010 3505:between 1996 and 2000 were requested by 384:the USTR must by April 30 of each year: 243:between 1996 and 2000 were requested by 4296:"The US Special 301 Reports, 1989-2010" 4242:"Hätähuuto: Suomi luisuu takapajulaksi" 3767:"The US Special 301 Reports, 1989-2010" 3611: 162:Department of Health and Human Services 3411:2018 China–United States trade dispute 3393:if the country is not a member of the 491:: Indicates a change in categorisation 3386:allows the U.S. government to impose 346:is the worst classification given to 140:The Special 301 Sub-Committee of the 7: 3481:On the other hand, according to the 119:) as amended by Section 1303 of the 3572:South Korea–United States relations 3531:Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement 3369:North American Free Trade Agreement 148:(USTR) and its members include the 4302:. Knowledge Ecology International. 3547:International Trade Administration 3428:WTO dispute settlement proceedings 363:United States Trade Representative 206:International Trade Administration 105:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 16:Annual US report on trade barriers 14: 3773:. Knowledge Ecology International 3542:Generalized System of Preferences 3458:Centre for Commercial Law Studies 3377:Generalized System of Preferences 4304:(alongside supporting documents) 3562:United States Commercial Service 218:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 4207:Malcolm, Jeremy (May 1, 2018). 3625:. Nova Publishers. p. 43. 3497:Most countries included in the 3462:Queen Mary University of London 3409:in March 2018, setting off the 235:Most countries included in the 4213:Electronic Frontier Foundation 3483:Electronic Frontier Foundation 369:as a Priority Foreign Country 313: Priority Foreign Country 291:made submissions to the USTR. 30: Priority Foreign Country 1: 3567:China–United States trade war 4308:Section 301 of the Trade Act 3590:. American Bar Association. 3515:Social Insurance Institution 350:intellectual property rights 331: Section 306 Monitoring 222:intellectual property rights 184:Complaints by U.S. companies 178:intellectual property rights 174:Council of Economic Advisers 142:Trade Policy Staff Committee 63:is prepared annually by the 48: Section 306 Monitoring 4343:United States copyright law 4282:Flynn, Sean (May 1, 2013). 4278:published on April 30, 2016 3584:Masterson, John T. (2004). 402:Uruguay Round Agreement Act 210:U.S. Department of Commerce 154:Patent and Trademark Office 4369: 4338:United States trade policy 4197:, The New Press, 2002, p87 4184:, The New Press, 2002, p89 461:: Priority Foreign Country 4348:Intellectual property law 4228:Private Power, Public Law 4136:"2018 Special 301 Report" 4112:"2017 Special 301 Report" 4088:"2016 Special 301 Report" 4064:"2015 Special 301 Report" 4040:"2014 Special 301 Report" 4015:"2013 Special 301 Report" 3990:"2012 Special 301 Report" 3964:"2011 Special 301 Report" 3943:"2010 Special 301 Report" 3919:"2009 Special 301 Report" 3895:"2008 SPECIAL 301 REPORT" 3871:"2007 SPECIAL 301 REPORT" 3847:"2006 SPECIAL 301 REPORT" 3823:"2005 SPECIAL 301 REPORT" 3741:Private Power, Public Law 3670:"1989 Special 301 Report" 3456:, a law professor at the 319: Priority Watch List 308:Special 301 Report 2013 228:goods, and lately online 214:Office of General Counsel 166:Department of Agriculture 136:Special 301 Sub-Committee 36: Priority Watch List 4276:Special 301 Report, 2016 3434:World Trade Organization 3395:World Trade Organization 3365:World Trade Organization 479:: Section 306 Monitoring 407:World Trade Organization 344:Priority Foreign Country 300:Priority Foreign Country 25:Special 301 Report 2013 4333:United States trade law 4226:Sell, Susan K. (2003), 3812:Masterson (2004), p. 19 3794:Masterson (2004), p. 18 3739:Sell, Susan K. (2003), 3729:Masterson (2004), p. 22 3720:Masterson (2004), p. 21 3706:Masterson (2004), p. 20 442:Historical designations 253:University of Edinburgh 67:(USTR) that identifies 3537:Doha Development Round 3479: 3422:copyright infringement 398: 390: 361:On 13 March 2001, the 339: 279:In 2010, NGOs such as 230:copyright infringement 150:Department of Commerce 56: 4195:Information Feudalism 4182:Information Feudalism 3471: 3466:intellectual property 3375:granted, such as the 467:: Priority Watch List 452:statistics since 1989 394: 386: 307: 190:intellectual property 73:intellectual property 24: 4353:Monopoly (economics) 3675:. USTR. May 25, 1989 3138:United Arab Emirates 337: Status Pending 54: Status Pending 4162:. February 18, 2010 3970:on October 17, 2011 3499:Priority Watch List 2952:Trinidad and Tobago 237:Priority Watch List 188:U.S. companies and 158:Department of State 3995:. USTR. April 2013 1344:Dominican Republic 376:Under the amended 340: 192:owners, including 61:Special 301 Report 57: 3632:978-1-60456-562-1 3597:978-1-59031-359-6 3552:Notorious markets 3416:According to the 3356: 3355: 436:Trade Act of 1974 382:Trade Act of 1974 96:Trade Act of 1974 4360: 4303: 4291: 4272: 4271: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4204: 4198: 4191: 4185: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4157: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4116: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4092: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4068: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4044: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4020:. USTR. May 2013 4019: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3994: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3923: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3875: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3851: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3827: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3795: 3792: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3707: 3704: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3674: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3648: 3637: 3636: 3616: 3601: 495: 485:: Status Pending 336: 330: 325: Watch List 324: 318: 312: 170:Copyright Office 106: 102: 53: 47: 42: Watch List 41: 35: 29: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4313: 4312: 4294: 4288:infojustice.org 4281: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4258: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4192: 4188: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4062: 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Retrieved 3664: 3655: 3621: 3614: 3586: 3578:Bibliography 3502: 3498: 3496: 3480: 3472: 3454:Peter Drahos 3452: 3431: 3415: 3381: 3373:unilaterally 3362: 3359:Consequences 3040:Turkmenistan 2618:Saudi Arabia 488: 482: 476: 473:: Watch list 470: 464: 458: 450:keeps these 445: 428: 415: 399: 395: 391: 387: 375: 360: 347: 343: 341: 295:Designations 278: 240: 236: 234: 187: 139: 125: 89: 60: 58: 18: 3384:Section 301 2777:Switzerland 2697:South Korea 2434:Philippines 2363:Monitoring 2360:Monitoring 2357:Monitoring 2354:Monitoring 2351:Monitoring 2348:Monitoring 2345:Monitoring 2342:Monitoring 432:Section 301 378:Section 301 365:designated 269:open-source 226:counterfeit 131:Preparation 117:§ 2242 92:Section 301 4317:Categories 3974:August 29, 3606:References 3503:Watch List 3388:unilateral 3211:Uzbekistan 2855:Tajikistan 1993:Kazakhstan 1219:Costa Rica 641:Azerbaijan 477:Monitoring 354:under the 271:software. 241:Watch List 202:trademarks 194:copyrights 85:trademarks 4096:April 12, 4072:April 13, 3831:April 29, 3444:Criticism 3260:Venezuela 2117:Lithuania 1824:*Pending 1756:Indonesia 1617:Guatemala 592:Argentina 356:Trade Act 257:Indonesia 77:copyright 4248:April 8, 4166:April 8, 4120:April 1, 3999:April 8, 3777:April 8, 3679:April 8, 3525:See also 3487:fair use 2903:Thailand 2660:Slovakia 2338:Paraguay 2289:Pakistan 2156:Malaysia 1170:Colombia 981:Bulgaria 716:Barbados 498:Country 216:and the 4024:May 25, 3656:gpo.gov 3519:generic 3475:Jamaica 3399:Ukraine 3379:(GSP). 3309:Vietnam 3174:Uruguay 3089:Ukraine 2520:Romania 2068:Lebanon 1895:Jamaica 1666:Hungary 1529:Finland 1393:Ecuador 1268:Croatia 843:Bolivia 757:Belarus 678:Bahamas 546:Algeria 483:Pending 434:of the 380:of the 367:Ukraine 198:patents 101:Pub. L. 94:of the 81:patents 3629:  3594:  3533:(ACTA) 2991:Turkey 2815:Taiwan 2569:Russia 2479:Poland 2248:Norway 2199:Mexico 2030:Latvia 1944:Kuwait 1805:Israel 1571:Greece 1024:Canada 941:Brunei 892:Brazil 804:Belize 335:  329:  323:  317:  311:  287:, and 263:, and 261:Brazil 172:, the 168:, the 164:, the 160:, the 156:, the 152:, the 115:  109:93–618 107:  52:  46:  40:  34:  28:  4156:(PDF) 4139:(PDF) 4115:(PDF) 4091:(PDF) 4067:(PDF) 4043:(PDF) 4018:(PDF) 3993:(PDF) 3922:(PDF) 3898:(PDF) 3874:(PDF) 3850:(PDF) 3826:(PDF) 3673:(PDF) 3123:*PWL 3117:*PFC 3114:*PWL 3096:*PWL 2913:*PWL 2737:Spain 2302:*PWL 1978:*PWL 1850:Italy 1827:*PWL 1772:*PWL 1707:India 1442:Egypt 1427:*PWL 1128:*PWL 1122:China 1083:*PWL 1073:Chile 1040:*PWL 811:*PWL 559:*PWL 540:2018 537:2017 534:2016 531:2015 528:2014 525:2013 522:2012 519:2011 516:2010 513:2009 510:2008 507:2007 504:2006 501:2005 285:Oxfam 281:PhRMA 265:India 4300:USTR 4250:2013 4168:2013 4160:IIPA 4122:2017 4098:2016 4074:2015 4050:2014 4026:2013 4001:2013 3976:2011 3950:2014 3929:2014 3905:2014 3881:2014 3857:2014 3833:2005 3779:2013 3771:USTR 3681:2013 3627:ISBN 3592:ISBN 3501:and 3303:PWL 3300:PWL 3297:PWL 3294:PWL 3291:PWL 3288:PWL 3285:PWL 3282:PWL 3279:PWL 3276:PWL 3273:PWL 3270:PWL 3267:PWL 3264:PWL 3132:PWL 3129:PWL 3126:PWL 3120:PFC 3102:*WL 3099:PWL 3093:PFC 3004:*WL 3001:PWL 2998:PWL 2995:PWL 2972:*WL 2943:PWL 2940:PWL 2937:PWL 2934:PWL 2931:PWL 2928:PWL 2925:PWL 2922:PWL 2919:PWL 2916:PWL 2803:*WL 2747:*WL 2612:PWL 2609:PWL 2606:PWL 2603:PWL 2600:PWL 2597:PWL 2594:PWL 2591:PWL 2588:PWL 2585:PWL 2582:PWL 2579:PWL 2576:PWL 2573:PWL 2441:*WL 2438:PWL 2385:Peru 2366:*WL 2326:*WL 2323:PWL 2320:PWL 2317:PWL 2314:PWL 2311:PWL 2308:PWL 2305:PWL 2296:*WL 2293:PWL 2081:*WL 2078:PWL 2075:PWL 2072:PWL 1987:PWL 1984:PWL 1981:PWL 1951:*WL 1948:PWL 1833:*WL 1830:PWL 1821:PWL 1818:PWL 1815:PWL 1812:PWL 1809:PWL 1799:PWL 1796:PWL 1793:PWL 1790:PWL 1787:PWL 1784:PWL 1781:PWL 1778:PWL 1775:PWL 1766:*WL 1763:PWL 1760:PWL 1750:PWL 1747:PWL 1744:PWL 1741:PWL 1738:PWL 1735:PWL 1732:PWL 1729:PWL 1726:PWL 1723:PWL 1720:PWL 1717:PWL 1714:PWL 1711:PWL 1581:*WL 1541:*WL 1455:*WL 1452:PWL 1449:PWL 1446:PWL 1430:*WL 1316:*WL 1213:PWL 1164:PWL 1161:PWL 1158:PWL 1155:PWL 1152:PWL 1149:PWL 1146:PWL 1143:PWL 1140:PWL 1137:PWL 1134:PWL 1131:PWL 1116:PWL 1113:PWL 1110:PWL 1107:PWL 1104:PWL 1101:PWL 1098:PWL 1095:PWL 1092:PWL 1089:PWL 1086:PWL 1067:PWL 1052:*WL 1049:PWL 1046:PWL 1043:PWL 1004:*WL 953:*WL 902:*WL 899:PWL 896:PWL 814:*WL 791:*WL 736:*WL 635:PWL 632:PWL 629:PWL 626:PWL 623:PWL 620:PWL 617:PWL 614:PWL 611:PWL 608:PWL 605:PWL 602:PWL 599:PWL 596:PWL 586:PWL 583:PWL 580:PWL 577:PWL 574:PWL 571:PWL 568:PWL 565:PWL 562:PWL 556:*WL 446:The 400:The 239:and 200:and 83:and 59:The 3509:or 3460:at 3403:CDs 3352:WL 3349:WL 3346:WL 3343:WL 3340:WL 3337:WL 3334:WL 3331:WL 3328:WL 3325:WL 3322:WL 3319:WL 3316:WL 3313:WL 3254:WL 3251:WL 3248:WL 3245:WL 3242:WL 3239:WL 3236:WL 3233:WL 3230:WL 3227:WL 3224:WL 3221:WL 3218:WL 3215:WL 3178:WL 3168:WL 3111:WL 3108:WL 3105:WL 3083:WL 3080:WL 3077:WL 3074:WL 3071:WL 3068:WL 3065:WL 3062:WL 3059:WL 3056:WL 3053:WL 3050:WL 3047:WL 3044:WL 3034:WL 3031:WL 3028:WL 3025:WL 3022:WL 3019:WL 3016:WL 3013:WL 3010:WL 3007:WL 2978:WL 2975:WL 2946:WL 2910:WL 2907:WL 2897:WL 2889:WL 2886:WL 2883:WL 2880:WL 2877:WL 2874:WL 2871:WL 2868:WL 2865:WL 2862:WL 2859:WL 2828:WL 2825:WL 2822:WL 2819:WL 2809:WL 2806:WL 2756:WL 2753:WL 2750:WL 2710:WL 2707:WL 2704:WL 2701:WL 2664:WL 2654:WL 2634:WL 2631:WL 2628:WL 2625:WL 2622:WL 2563:WL 2560:WL 2557:WL 2554:WL 2551:WL 2548:WL 2545:WL 2542:WL 2539:WL 2536:WL 2533:WL 2530:WL 2527:WL 2524:WL 2495:WL 2492:WL 2489:WL 2486:WL 2483:WL 2462:WL 2459:WL 2456:WL 2453:WL 2450:WL 2447:WL 2444:WL 2428:WL 2425:WL 2422:WL 2419:WL 2416:WL 2413:WL 2410:WL 2407:WL 2404:WL 2401:WL 2398:WL 2395:WL 2392:WL 2389:WL 2372:WL 2369:WL 2332:WL 2329:WL 2299:WL 2270:WL 2267:WL 2264:WL 2261:WL 2258:WL 2242:WL 2239:WL 2236:WL 2233:WL 2230:WL 2227:WL 2224:WL 2221:WL 2218:WL 2215:WL 2212:WL 2209:WL 2206:WL 2203:WL 2178:WL 2175:WL 2172:WL 2169:WL 2166:WL 2163:WL 2160:WL 2127:WL 2124:WL 2121:WL 2111:WL 2108:WL 2105:WL 2102:WL 2099:WL 2096:WL 2093:WL 2090:WL 2087:WL 2084:WL 2037:WL 2034:WL 1997:WL 1975:WL 1972:WL 1969:WL 1966:WL 1963:WL 1960:WL 1957:WL 1954:WL 1938:WL 1935:WL 1932:WL 1929:WL 1926:WL 1923:WL 1920:WL 1917:WL 1914:WL 1911:WL 1908:WL 1905:WL 1902:WL 1899:WL 1878:WL 1875:WL 1872:WL 1869:WL 1866:WL 1863:WL 1860:WL 1857:WL 1854:WL 1769:WL 1682:WL 1679:WL 1676:WL 1673:WL 1670:WL 1660:WL 1657:WL 1654:WL 1651:WL 1648:WL 1645:WL 1642:WL 1639:WL 1636:WL 1633:WL 1630:WL 1627:WL 1624:WL 1621:WL 1611:WL 1608:WL 1605:WL 1602:WL 1599:WL 1596:WL 1593:WL 1590:WL 1587:WL 1584:WL 1556:WL 1553:WL 1550:WL 1547:WL 1544:WL 1498:WL 1495:WL 1485:WL 1482:WL 1479:WL 1476:WL 1473:WL 1470:WL 1467:WL 1464:WL 1461:WL 1458:WL 1436:WL 1433:WL 1424:WL 1421:WL 1418:WL 1415:WL 1412:WL 1409:WL 1406:WL 1403:WL 1400:WL 1397:WL 1387:WL 1384:WL 1381:WL 1378:WL 1375:WL 1372:WL 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Index


Office of the United States Trade Representative
trade barriers
intellectual property
copyright
patents
trademarks
Section 301
Trade Act of 1974
Pub. L.
93–618
19 U.S.C.
§ 2242
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
Trade Policy Staff Committee
Office of the United States Trade Representative
Department of Commerce
Patent and Trademark Office
Department of State
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Agriculture
Copyright Office
Council of Economic Advisers
intellectual property rights
intellectual property
copyrights
patents
trademarks
International Trade Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce

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